初中英语中考复习动词非谓语用法讲解(重难点)
展开中考英语动词非谓语用法1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词doing形式作主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为;不定式作主语则常表示某次具体的行为。不定式(或不定式短语)作主语时常用“it” 来代替,称为形式主语,置于句首,作为真正主语的动词不定式则放在句尾。例如:① Collecting information about children's health is his job.收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。② It's necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher.与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。(2)在中考阶段,常用不定式作主语的句型包括:① It's difficult (important/necessary……)for sb.to do...“对某人来说做某事是……的” 。② It's kind (good/friendly/polite/careless/rude/cruel/clever/foolish/brave……)of sb.to do... “某人做某事(品质)是……的”(3)常用动名词作主语的句型有:①It's no good (use,fun)doing...②It is a waste of time...2.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别(常考)(1)stop to do 停下来去做(做另一件事)stop doing 停止做正在做的事例:They stopped to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来,抽了根烟。I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。(2)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(事未做)forget doing 忘记做过某事 (事已做过)例:Don't forget to come tomorrow.别忘了明天来。He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(3)remember to do 记住去做 (还未做)remember doing 记得做过某事(事已做)例:Remember to go there after school.记着放学后去那一趟 。I remember seeing the man before.我记得以前见过那个人。(4)regret to do 对要去做的事遗憾(事未做)regret doing 对做过的事遗憾(事已做)例:I regret to tell you that you can't pass the examination.我很遗憾地通知你你不能通过这次考试。I regret disturbing you so long.我很抱歉打扰了你那么久。(5)try to do 努力去做 try doing 尝试做某事例:Please try to finish this work in thirty minutes.请尽量在30分钟完成这项工作。Why don't you try riding a bike to go to school?为什么不试着骑车去学校呢?(6)mean to do 打算/想去做某事mean doing 意味着例:I meant to give you this book today,but I forgot.我本来打算今天给你这本书的,可是我忘了。Missing this train means waiting for another hour.错过这辆火车意味着还得再等一小时。(7)go on to do 继续去做(做另外一件事情)go on doing 接着做(原先没做完的事)例:They went on to read another book.他们继续读另一本书。They went on reading that book.他们继续读(原来)那本书。3.动词不定式和现在分词做宾语补足语的区别(1)see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have 等动词既可跟不带to的不定式做宾补,也可跟现在分词做宾补,但是意思是不同的。跟不带to的不定式做宾补表示动作全过程或一次性动作;跟现在分词表示主动或动作正在进行。例如:I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文歌。4.现在分词和过去分词的区别(1)语态上不同:现在分词表示主动的意思,而过去分词多由及物动词变来,表示被动的意思。例如:an exciting story 一个令人兴奋的故事(主动)the excited listeners 激动的听众(被动,即被引起激动的)a moving film一部感动人的影片a moved audience 受感动的观众(2)时间关系上不同:一般说来,现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行;而过去分词所表示的动作,往往已经完成。如:the changing world 正在变化着的世界the changed world 已经起了变化的世界developing countries 发展中国家developed countries 发达国家5.have sb.do sth.;have sb.doing;have sth.done 辨析(1)have sb.do sth.“have+sb.(宾语)+do sth.(宾语补足语)”意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的 have 是使役动词,sb.作宾语,其后的do sth.是省去to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:I'll have someone repair the bike for you.我会让人为你修理自行车的。(2)have sb./sth.doing“have+sb./sth.(宾语)+现在分词(宾语补足语)”意为“叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”。宾语 sb./sth.后面用现在分词作宾语补足语,表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系,且动作正在进行。如:Don't have the dog barking much.别让狗狂吠不停。(3)have sth.done“have+sth.(宾语)+过去分词(宾语补足语)”意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”。宾语sth.后面用过去分词作宾语补足语,说明sth.与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。如:He has had his hair cut. 他理发了。(是请别人给他理的)6.常见的含doing短语(平时一定要注意积累)have difficulty /trouble/problem/fun//a good time +(in)+doing; feel like doing =would like to do 想要做某事;spend time (in)doing sth 花费时间做某事;go+doing 去从事某项活动 ; be busy doing 忙着做……; make a contribution to doing 为某事作贡献;devote to doing 致力于做某事;look forward to doing 期待做某事; prefer doing(A) to doing(B) (比起B)更喜欢(A); be used to doing 习惯于做某事