天津市2022-2023学年高一下学期英语外研版阅读表达专项训练1（基础训练）

这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册本册综合练习题，共23页。
2023年高一阅读表达专项训练1（基础训练）
（1）
I still remember my first day of second grade. I was led to a classroom. No teacher yet. Girls talking and laughing. Boys playing games.
I took some paper and a pencil, picked a desk, and went to work. Minutes later, a girl came over and sat on top of my desk.
"What are you doing?" she said.
"I am doing Fun with Number" I replied. Then I rose from my seat to get my pencil sharpener. I had no idea that when I stood, the desk would fall over and hurt her leg.
Her name was Lucy. From that day on we got to know each other, and she became my best friend. Now we have been close friends for more than 60 years. We often get together and recall the past.
Some TV advertisements try to tell us what children need for school, new shoes, clothes, and schoolbags. But really, children's needs are simple. Besides the basics—to be fed, cared for, and loved- they need the gift of friendship.
For years, I feared how people saw me. But one day, I finally understood I didn't need to be smart or pretty or popular, but just needed to be kind.
My grandson William recently finished his preschool and received a prize for "friendship". Even an Olympic medal wouldn't make me prouder! I think children need to know that they are loved. They need to know they have all they need and that the best way to win friends is to be kind.
1．When and where did the author meet Lucy for the first time? (No more than 15 words)
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2．What was the author doing when Lucy came over? (No more than 10 words)
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3．How do Lucy and the author keep their friendship growing? (No more than 10 words)
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4．Besides the basics, what do children need for a happy school life? (No more than 18 words)
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5．In your opinion, what is the best way to win friends? (No more than 20 words)
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（2）
Katie always felt there had to be something more to life than just partying, buying clothes and driving a cool car. She finally discovered what she was missing out on when she traveled halfway around the world to help poor kids.
When she was 14, she discovered a club at school called Operation Smile, an organization that supports free operation for facially deformed (面部畸形的) kids in developing countries. At that time, she joined Operation Smile just to satisfy her school’s community service requirement.
After working with Operation Smile for a while, she learned different countries have different deformities. The more she learned about what affects kids around the world, the more she wanted to go abroad with Operation Smile.
At 15, she was chosen to go abroad. Before her trip, she attended a weekend “mission (使命) training”. That’s when she was told she’d be going to the Philippines. Although she was excited, one night during training, she broke down in tears. She felt pity for all those unfortunate kids. After her arrival in the Philippines, she met the kids waiting for operation, and they were running around and happy. It seemed normal. Her job was to play with the kids before their operation to help them feel more relaxed. She also went to nearby schools to hand out toothbrushes and teach students how to brush their teeth.
When their operation was over, the kids were always overjoyed, but their parents were blown away. Sometimes they couldn’t even recognize their kids because their appearances had improved so much. They would cry and hug the doctors and nurses and give them presents — they were so grateful.
1．According to the text, what is “Operation Smile”? (No more than 15 words)
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2．What was Katie’s original purpose in joining Operation Smile? (No more than 10 words)
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3．Why did Katie break down in tears one night during training? (No more than 10 words)
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4．What did Katie do to help relax those kids? (No more than 8 words)
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5．Would you like to join the club? why? (No more than 20 words)
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（3）
The environmental group Heal the Bay organized a beach clean-up. And I was one of the volunteers. We went to Venice Beach to clean up the trash.
At first glance, the beach didn't look dirty at all. But then I saw a Styrofoam(泡沫) cup half buried in the sand on the beach. I pulled hard and finally got it out. As we moved farther, we found pieces of Styrofoam spread all over the sand. The Heal the Bay representative had told us that these little pieces of Styrofoam and other small pieces of plastic are what actually harm sea life most. Sea animals eat the plastic. After eating it, they think they are full. As a result, they can die of starvation as they are cheated by their feeling and don’t think they need to eat any food.
We kept on picking up the trash. Then I saw someone with a full Heal the Bay trash bag and I went to see what was inside. When I opened the trash bag, I found everything from a pair of old jeans and a brown belt to headphone and some plastic bags. It made me very angry with the people who left their things behind without thinking what effects they might have on the ocean.
It is really important to protect the ocean. The ocean covers 70 percent of the Earth’s surface. A clean ocean not only helps animals in the ocean survive but also helps us survive.
By noon, the sun was shining and the temperature was rising. The volunteers that had spread out across Venice Beach were coming back to throw the trash they had collected into the truck. I could not believe how much trash there was. All together we collected more than 135 bags of trash. I do hope that next time people go to the beach, they will stop littering.
1．Why did the environmental group go to Venice Beach? (No more than 6 words)
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2．What does the underlined word "starvation" in Paragraph 2 mean in English? (1 word)
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3．How did the author feel seeing the trash in that volunteer's trash bag according to Paragrap3? (No more than 5 words)
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4．How much trash did the volunteer collect all together that day? (No more than 8 words)
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5．What do you think of throwing plastic trash on the beach? And why? (No more than 25 words)
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（4）
Once upon a time there lived a king called Minos. He ruled the island of Crete. And he also had a terrible monster(怪兽) called the Minotaur：The Minotaur lived at the center of a very large maze(迷宫)．It had the body of a man but the head of a bull.
Minos was a cruel king. Whenever he was bored，he would attack(进攻) a nearby island called Athens. In order to get peace，King Aegeus of Athens made a deal with King Minos. If Minos didn’t attack Athens，he would send seven boys and seven girls to Crete every nine years to be eaten by the Minotaur.
It was time again to send the children to Crete. Theseus，the son of King Aegeus，could not stand this situation，and decided to go as the seventh boy and kill the Minotaur. He promised his father that if he was successful，he would use white sails(船帆)instead of the black ones to show he was alive.
When arriving in Crete，Theseus met King Minos’ daughter called Ariadne. She fell in love with him and wanted to help him. So when the children were sent to the Minotaur，Ariadne gave Theseus a ball of string(细绳) and a knife. Theseus left a line of string behind him when he entered the maze. After he killed the monster，he followed the string and got out of the maze. Ariadne was waiting outside. They quickly ran away together before Minos could catch them.
However，on the journey home，Theseus was so full of joy that he forgot to change the color of the sails. As soon as King Aegeus saw the black sails，he was so upset and jumped into the sea. Since then，that sea has been called the Aegean Sea in memory of King Aegeus.
1．Who had the Minotaur，King Aegeus or King Minos? (No more than 5 words)
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2．Where did the Minotaur live? (No more than 10 words)
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3．How often would King Aegeus send seven boys and seven girls to Crete according to the deal? (No more than 5 words)
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4．How did Theseus get out of the maze after he killed the monster? (No more than 12 words)
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5．Why did King Aegeus feel upset and jump into the sea as soon as he saw the black sails? (No more than 15 words)
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（5）
The Lomax family needed a dog. Though their house was already full with seven people, they knew a dog would truly make the house a home. So they settled on a dog whom they named Jack. It turned out to be the best decision they ever made.
It was Jack’s protective instinct(本能) that would save the lives of the Lomax family. If it wasn’t for him, the family may never have survived the terrible accident that would eventually befall one cold January day in 2020.
It was a night like many others. Autumn, the family’s youngest child and her mother Ashley had settled into bed in one of the bedrooms on the second floor. Jack, who rarely left Autumn’s side, had settled in there as well. Little did they know that something terrible was about to happen that night. While the family was fast asleep, a fire had started in one of the other second floor bedrooms. Jack had picked up a whiff (些微的气味) of smoke in the next room. In an instant, the brave dog jumped into action.
The four-legged family member knew something was wrong but had no way of telling his owners. He jumped up Ashley’s bed and began touching her face. She pushed him off her bed and tried to roll over but he began again, until she was up.
As soon as she could, Ashley took hold of Autumn and began to move away from the door. She screamed at the top of her lungs as she ran from the room, alerting the rest of the family to the disaster that was taking place. Jack did his part again too, barking loudly. Ashley’s screams woke the four other adults and two more children. All of them headed out into the cold January night. In no time, the fire had engulfed (吞没) nearly the entire home, but luckily, all of them had made it out alive, with Jack leading the way.
1．Why did the Lomax family raise a dog? (No more than 15 words)
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2．What does the underlined word mean in the 2nd paragraph? (No more than 3 words)
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3．Which floor did Jack sleep? (No more than 5 words)
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4．What did Jack do when he sensed something wrong? (No more than 10 words)
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5．What do you think of Jack? Please explain? (No more than 20 words)
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（6）
Li Tao is a Chinese boy studying in the USA．Here is his school life story:
When I started to learn English at the age of 10, I felt very curious about the English language. Since then, I have been working hard at English. As time went by, I learned many stories about school life in America from books and pictures. While I was watching American movies, I often imagined that I could lead such a good life as the characters. I was so deeply impressed by them that I was determined to go there someday.
Then after high school, I arranged to attend college in California.
Hardly had the plane landed in the USA when I realized that my dream came true. The moment I reached my college, I became excited about the new environment with good facilities and very beautiful sceneries.
However, the life there was not what I had thought to be. Not until I saw some students struggling with problems did I know the real American school life. It was not my dream world. I found that some people were working hard in order that they could pass the exams.
It wasn’t long before I had my own difficulties. One of my difficulties was P.E. lessons because I was not good at sports. American teenagers spend a lot of time in doing sports while we Chinese students devote so much time to our studies. So I felt quite lonely and unconfident.
One day, the instructor asked me to hit the volleyball to my teammates so that they could knock it over the net. No problem for most people, but it terrified me. I was afraid of doing it. I just stood there stiffly(僵硬地). Finally, with the encouragement of my teammates, I made it.
It was about 6 months before I became used to the school life in the USA．I believe: whatever you do, you must try your best and where there is a will, there is a way.”
1．According to the passage, when did Li Tao begin to learn English? (No more than 4 words)
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2．Where did Li Tao arrange to attend college? (No more than 2 words)
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3．What does the underlined word “terrified” mean in English? (No more than 3 words)
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4．How long did it take Li Tao get used to the school life in America? (No more than 3 words)
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5．How does Li Tao’s story inspire you to overcome difficulties in your school life? (No more than 15 words)
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（7）
The most wonderful thing that has come into my life is a Golden Retriever called Bonny. Bonny has been trained by an organization called Assistance Dogs for Independence, so she could help me become independent. I often rely on other people in my life, and it even keeps me from making my own decisions in most situations. Why? Because when you have to depend on others, the decision does not become totally yours.
I developed Cerebral Palsy(脑瘫) at the age of twelve months as a result of food poisoning(中毒). That made me physically disabled, making me totally rely on others. Because of that, I often felt sad. I considered myself to be useless and was often in a low mood.
My recent visit to the Spastic Centre with Bonny caused the therapists(治疗师) to notice the change in my attitude and mood. They always tried to help me become positive, but they said it was Bonny that had made such a difference. They were so impressed that they invited me to talk to Assistance Dogs for Independence about such dogs because they were sure that other people like me would also need the assistance of such a dog.
I totally agreed with them and decided to do that. The costs of carers who are paid to help people like me are very high. And family members have to spend a lot of time taking care of such people as me. With such a dog as Bonny, things could be much easier.
However, I will still need the carers’ help in areas where a dog can’t help. I just want to say such a dog is really helpful to such people as me.
1．Why can’t the author make his own decisions sometimes? (No more than 10 words)
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2．How did the author develop Cerebral Palsy? (No more than 10 words)
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3．What does the underlined word “assistance” in Paragraph 3 mean? (1 word)
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4．What does the author think of carers for such people as him? (No more than 5 words)
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5．What do you think of such dogs as Bonny after reading the text? Why? (No more than 20 words)
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（8）
The old man walked slowly into the restaurant. His poor jacket, patched (打补丁的) trousers, and worn-out shoes made him stand out from the usual Saturday morning breakfast crowd. Unforgettable were his pale blue eyes that sparkled (闪耀) like diamonds, large rosy cheeks, and thin lips held in a steady smile.
With the help of his trusty cane (拐杖), he walked toward a table by the window. A young waitress named Mary watched him and ran over to him, and said, “Here, Sir. Let me give you a hand with that chair.”
Without a word, he smiled and nodded a thank you. She pulled the chair away from the table. Steadying him with one arm, she helped him move in front of the chair, and get comfortably seated. Then she pushed the table up close to him, and leaned his cane against the table where he could reach it.
In a soft, clear voice he said, “Thank you, Miss.”
“You are welcome, Sir.” She replied. “My name is Mary. I’ll be back in a moment. If you need anything, just wave at me!”
After he had finished a hearty meal of pancakes, bacon, and hot lemon tea, Mary brought him the change, helping him up from his chair and out from behind the table. She handed him his cane, and walked with him to the front door. Holding the door open for him, she said, “Come back and see us, Sir!”
He nodded a thank you and said softly with a smile, “You are very kind!”
When Mary went to clean his table, she was surprised. Under his plate she found a business card and a note written on the napkin, under which was a $ 100 bill.
The note on the napkin read...
“Dear Mary, I respect you very much, and you respect yourself, too. It shows by the way you treat others. You have found the secret of happiness. Your kind gestures will shine through those who meet you.”
The man she had served was the owner of the restaurant. This was the first time that she, or any of his employees, had seen him in person.
1．Who helped the old man in the restaurant? (No more than 8 words)
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2．Please explain the underlined phrase “stand out” in English. (No more than 5 words)
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3．How much did the old man leave on the table? (No more than 2 words)
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4．Who do you think the old man was? (No more than 10 words)
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5．According to the passage, how do you understand the meaning of “Happiness”？ (No more than 20 words)
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（9）
The first time I went abroad was when I went to London. It was in the summer holidays about five or six years ago and I went with my friends. The plane and train were quite expensive, so we decided to travel by coach. We left at five o'clock in the morning and the journey to London took about sixteen hours.
We stayed in London for three days, in a youth hostel（青年旅社）not far from the centre. My friends and I had a big room on the top floor. The beds were not very comfortable and the bathroom was very small but it had a wonderful view overlooking the Thames.
While we were in London we walked a lot. First, we went to see all the famous attractions: Big Ben, Piccadilly Circus, and Buckingham Palace. Then we went shopping in Oxford Street. On the last day my friends and I went to Camden Market. You can buy all kinds of jewelry and clothes there. I bought a silver ring for my sister. It was really sunny in the afternoon, so we went to watch a football game. Unfortunately, I think the ring fell out of my pocket during the game, and I had to buy another one.
I really enjoyed visiting London although the youth hostel was not perfect. Next time, I will stay at the Ritz but I will ever feel as excited as I did that first time.
1．Why did the author go to London by coach? (No more than 10 words)
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2．What was the advantage of the author’s room in the youth hostel? (No more than 10 words)
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3．What’s the meaning of the underlined word "attractions" in Paragraph 3? (No more than5 words)
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4．How many rings did the author buy? (1 word)
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5．What’s your impressive journey? And what impressed you most? (No more than 25 words.)
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（10）
Reading with Rover is a reading program where children read to dogs. In addition to Reading with Rover, which is based on Washington state, there are many such reading programs around the country. The goal of all these programs is to improve the reading skills of children with reading problems by having children read to dogs.
When reading aloud in the classroom, many children with reading problems and poor reading skills feel frightened. They have little confidence in themselves and are afraid of being laughed at. They may also feel that reading is difficult, boring and stressful(有压力的). However, when children read to dogs, reading becomes a fun and non-stressful experience for both the children and the dogs. Dogs don’t criticize(批评)，judge or laugh at the children’s reading ability.
Reading with Rover and other programs like it have been a huge success, resulting in improved reading skills for a number of participating children with reading problems. In addition to making learning enjoyable, when children read to dogs, it increases their sense of self-confidence.
A recent research study was conducted by the University of California, which concluded that when children read to dogs, it can increase their reading skills by thirty percent. Children who took part in this study remarked, “I feel relaxed when I’m reading to a dog because I am having fun.” “The dogs don’t care if you read really badly so you just keep going.”
1．What’s the aim of Reading with Rover?  (No more than 10 words)
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2．Why does reading become a fun and non-stressful experience when children read to dogs? (No more than 12 words)
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3．What are the advantages of Reading with Rover and other programs like it? (No more than 15 words)
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4．What does the underlined word “conducted” mean in the fourth paragraph? (No more than 2 words)
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5．What do you think of Reading with Rover and other programs like it？Please explain. (No more than 25 words)
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（11）
Putting on weight could be a side-effect of loneliness, research suggests. Women, who feel lonely, are hungrier, and they even find a big meal less satisfying. This could be the body’s way of telling them to seek company, for eating has been a sociable activity throughout human evolution.
The researchers asked 42 women not to eat overnight, and then gave them a large breakfast. The women rated their hunger before and after their meal and blood samples which revealed their levels of ghrelin --- the “hunger hormone (激素)”. As expected, levels of ghrelin fell after eating and then started to rise. However, the rise was much quicker in the lonely women, and they made much more of the hormone. They also said they felt hungrier. They said: “The need for social connection is essential to human nature. As a result, people may feel hungrier when they feel socially disconnected.”
Interestingly, loneliness only makes thin women hungrier. It has no effect on the appetite of those who are corpulent. It isn’t clear why this is, but it is possible that the shame related with being fat makes socializing less valuable for them. Other studies suggest you should choose your company carefully at mealtimes. It has been shown that we tend to mimic (模仿) our dining companion’s eating habits, taking mouthfuls at the same time and eating more when our companion does. The link with appetite could help explain the range of devastating effects loneliness can have on health.
Being cut off from friends and family can raise blood pressure, stress and the risk of depression, as well as weakening the immune system (免疫系统) and a person’s resistance to disease (早老性痴呆). Overall, loneliness is as damaging as smoking or not exercising.
1．How will the lonely people react, according to Paragraph 1? (No more than 5 words)
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2．What does the body want to tell by being hungry? (No more than 7 words)
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3．What is essential to human nature? (No more than 5 words)
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4．What does the underlined word “corpulent” probably mean? (1 word)
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5．What do you tend to do while feeling lonely? (No more than 30 words)
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参考答案
（1）
【答案】
1．They met in the classroom on the first day of second grade.    
2．He/ She was doing Fun with Number.    
3．They often get together and recall the past.    
4．They need (the gift of ) friendship.    
5．In my opinion, to be kind is the best way to win friends.

【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者二年级第一次见到好朋友Lucy时的情景，以及他们之后持续了六十年的友谊。作者告诉我们，友谊对孩子来说是除了基本需求之外最珍贵的东西，而赢得朋友的最好方式就是友善。
1．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“I still remember my first day of second grade. I was led to a classroom.（我仍然记得二年级的第一天，我被带到教室）”以及第五段“Her name was Lucy. From that day on we got to know each other, and she became my best friend.（她的名字是Lucy，从那天起，我们彼此认识并且她变成了我最好的朋友）”，可知，二年级的第一天，作者在教室里遇见了Lucy，故答案为They met in the classroom on the first day of second grade。
2．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“I am doing Fun with Number”可知，当Lucy过来的时候，作者正在玩Fun with Number，故答案为He/ She was doing Fun with Number。
3．考查细节理解。根据文章第五段“We often get together and recall the past.（我们经常聚在一起回忆过去。）”可知，作者和Lucy通过相聚和回忆过去保持友谊，故答案为They often get together and recall the past。
4．考查细节理解。根据文章第六段“Besides the basics—to be fed, cared for, and loved- they need the gift of friendship.（除了基本的喂养、关心和爱，他们需要的是友谊这份礼物。）”可知，除了基本需求，孩子们还需要友谊。故答案为They need (the gift of ) friendship。
5．考查观点态度。本题为开放性试题：在你看来，赢得朋友的最好方法是什么？回答的时候要注意句子的完整性，句子语法表达要正确，也可参考文章最后一句话“They need to know they have all they need and that the best way to win friends is to be kind.（他们需要知道他们拥有他们所需要的一切，而赢得朋友的最好方式就是友善。）”，故参考答案为In my opinion, to be kind is the best way to win friends。

（2）
【答案】
1. An organization that supports free operation for facially deformed kids in developing countries.    
2. To satisfy her school’s community service requirement.    
3. She felt pity for all those unfortunate kids.    
4. Playing with the kids before their operation.    
5. I’d like to. Not only because I want to live a meaningful life, but because I want to help others.

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，一个叫 Katie的女孩当初加入Operation Smile俱乐部是为了完成学校参加社区服务的要求。后来她意识到了参加这种公益活动的意义，于是乐在其中了。
1．考查细节理解。由第二段中的“When she was 14, she discovered a club at school called Operation Smile, an organization that supports free operation for facially deformed (面部畸形的) kids in developing countries. (14岁时，她在学校发现了一个名为“微笑行动”的俱乐部，这是一个支持发展中国家面部畸形儿童免费手术的组织)”可知，“微笑行动（Operation Smile）”是一个支持发展中国家面部畸形儿童免费手术的组织。故答案为：An organization that supports free operation for facially deformed kids in developing countries.
2．考查细节理解。由第二段中的“At that time, she joined Operation Smile just to satisfy her school’s community service requirement. (当时，她加入了微笑行动，只是为了满足学校的社区服务要求)”可知，凯蒂加入微笑行动的初衷是为了满足学校的社区服务要求。故答案为：To satisfy her school’s community service requirement.
3．考查细节理解。由第四段中的“Although she was excited, one night during training, she broke down in tears. She felt pity for all those unfortunate kids. (尽管她很兴奋，但有一天晚上训练时，她哭了。她同情那些不幸的孩子)”可知，凯蒂在一天晚上的训练中哭了，是因为她同情那些不幸的孩子。故答案为：She felt pity for all those unfortunate kids.
4．考查细节理解。由第四段中的“Her job was to play with the kids before their operation to help them feel more relaxed. (她的工作是在孩子们手术前和他们一起玩，让他们感觉更放松)”可知，通过在孩子们手术前和他们一起玩，凯蒂帮助孩子们放松。故答案为：Playing with the kids before their operation.
5．考查开放答题。考生可结合文章中心大意和自身实际，选取角度答题，比如：我想加入俱乐部，不仅因为我想过有意义的生活，还因为我想帮助别人。故答案为：I’d like to. Not only because I want to live a meaningful life, but because I want to help others.

（3）
【答案】
1. To clean up the trash.   
2. Hunger.    
3. He/ She felt very angry.    
4. They collected more than 135 bags of trash.    
5. It is very bad habit because trash thrown on the beach may end up in the sea, resulting in the death of many sea creatures.

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。叙述了作者和环保组织去Venice Beach去清理垃圾时的所见，所闻，所感，呼吁人们保护环境，保护海洋里的生物，禁止向海洋扔垃圾。
1．由第一段“We went to Venice Beach to clean up the trash”可知，环保组织去Venice Beach 海滩清理垃圾。故填 To clean up the trash.
2．由第二段“they are cheated by their feeling and don’t think they need to eat any food.”可知，他们被自己的感觉所欺骗，不认为自己需要吃任何食物，所以他们死于饥饿。故填 Hunger.
3．由第三段“ It made me very angry with the...”可知，作者在志愿者的垃圾袋里看到垃圾时非常的生气。故填 He/ She felt very angry.
4．由最后段“All together we collected more than 135 bags of trash. ”那天志愿者共收集了135袋垃圾。故填They collected more than 135 bags of trash.
5．由第二段“The Heal the Bay representative had told us that these little pieces of Styrofoam and other small pieces of plastic are what actually harm sea life most. Sea animals eat the plastic. After eating it, they think they are full. As a result, they can die of starvation as they are cheated by their feeling and don’t think they need to eat any food.以及最后一段I do hope that next time people go to the beach, they will stop littering.”可知，这是一个非常坏的习惯，因为在海滩上扔的垃圾可能最终会落到海里，导致许多海洋生物的死亡。故填It is very bad habit because trash thrown on the beach may end up in the sea, resulting in the death of many sea creatures.

（4）
【答案】
1. King Minos had the Minotaur./King Minos./Minos.    
2. It lived at the center of a very big maze./At the center of a very big maze.    
3. Every nine years.    
4. He followed the string and got out of the maze.    
5. Because he thought his son was dead./Because he thought his son had died.

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了一则希腊神话：米诺斯的迷宫。讲述的是雅典的王子为了杀死吃儿童的怪物，自愿充当牺牲品前往怪物Minotaur所在的迷宫，以伺机杀死怪物，为民除害。临行前，王子对自己的父亲说，如果他胜利了，船返航时便会挂上白帆，反之则还是去时的黑帆。到了迷宫以后，一位公主爱上了王子，并对他提供了帮助，使他顺利杀死了怪物。王子便带着公主一起逃走了。而在回家的途中，胜利的喜悦冲昏了他的头脑，他居然忘记更换船上的黑帆，结果，站在海边遥望他归来的父亲看到那黑帆之后，认为儿子死掉了，便悲痛地投海而死。于是那片海洋便被叫做爱琴海（Aegean Sea），以纪念国王Aegeus。
1．细节理解题。由第一段前三句 Once upon a time there lived a king called Minos. He ruled the island of Crete. And he also had a terrible monster(怪兽) called the Minotaur 可知，国王 Minos 有一个叫 Minotaur 的怪物。故正确答案为 King Minos had the Minotaur./King Minos./Minos.。
2．细节理解题。由第一段第四句 The Minotaur lived at the center of a very large maze(迷宫) 可知，怪物 Minotaur 住在一个非常大的迷宫的中心。故正确答案为 It lived at the center of a very big maze./At the center of a very big maze.。
3．细节理解题。由第二段最后一句 If Minos didn't attack Athens, he would send seven boys and seven girls to Crete every nine years to be eaten by the Minotaur 可知，如果 Minos 不攻击雅典，国王 Aegeus 会每九年送七个男孩和七个女孩到克里特岛上去，把他们献给怪物 Minotaur 吃掉。故正确答案为 Every nine years.。
4．细节理解题。由第四段倒数第三句 After he killed the monster, he followed the string and got out the maze 可知，Theseus 杀死怪物之后，他沿着绳子走出了迷宫。故正确答案为 He followed the string and got out of the maze.。
5．细节理解题。结合全文及第三段最后一句 He promised his father that if he was successful, he would use white sails(船帆) instead of the black ones to show he was alive 可知，国王 Aegeus 的儿子 Theseus 答应父王如果他成功杀死了怪物的话，他会张开白色的船帆，而不是黑色的船帆来显示他还活着。根据最后一段第一句 However, on the journey home, Theseus was so full of joy that he forgot to change the color of the sails 可知，Theseus 因为获得了胜利而过于兴奋，结果忘记了把船帆换成白色的，他父王误以为儿子已经死了，因此伤心跳海自杀。故正确答案为 Because he thought his son was dead./Because he thought his son had died.。

（5）
【答案】
1. Because they thought a dog would truly make the house a home. Or: Because they thought the house has a homely feel with a dog in it.    
2. Happen / Occur / Break out / Come about    
3. On the second floor.    
4. He jumped on Ashley’s bed and began touching her face. Or: He managed to wake up the family members, who then escaped from the fire safely.    
5. He is brave, clever and loyal. When the fire happened, he didn’t run away, but saved the family in his way.

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Lomax一家半夜失火，幸亏家里的狗狗Jack及时叫醒了他们，才使得他们得以幸存。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Though their house was already full with seven people, they knew a dog would truly make the house a home. ”（虽然他们的房子已经挤满了七个人，但他们知道一只狗会让房子真正成为一个家）可知，Lomax认为一只狗能让房子成为一个家，有一只狗在房子里，房子有家的感觉。故答案为Because they thought a dog would truly make the house a home. Or: Because they thought the house has a homely feel with a dog in it.
2．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中“If it wasn’t for him, the family may never have survived the terrible accident that would eventually befall one cold January day in 2020.”（如果没有他，这个家庭可能永远无法在这场最终会befall在2020年1月寒冷的一天的可怕事故中幸存下来）可知，that指代上文的the terrible accident，“事故”通常是“发生”，由此推知划线词befall应该是“发生”的意思，故答案为Happen / Occur / Break out / Come about.
3．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“It was a night like many others. Autumn, the family’s youngest child and her mother Ashley had settled into bed in one of the bedrooms on the second floor.”（这是一个和其他许多夜晚一样的夜晚。秋天，家里最小的孩子和她的母亲阿什利在二楼的一间卧室里安顿下来）可知，Jack睡在二楼，故答案为On the second floor.
4．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“The four-legged family member knew something was wrong but had no way of telling his owners. He jumped up Ashley’s bed and began touching her face. She pushed him off her bed and tried to roll over but he began again, until she was up.”（这只四条腿的家庭成员知道出事了，但没有办法告诉他的主人。他跳上艾希礼的床，开始摸她的脸。她把他推下床，想翻身，但他又开始了，直到她起来）可知，当Jack感觉到不对劲的时候，他跳到艾希礼的床上，开始摸她的脸。或者:他设法叫醒了家人，然后他们安全逃离了火灾。故答案为He jumped on Ashley’s bed and began touching her face. Or: He managed to wake up the family members, who then escaped from the fire safely.
5．考查推理判断。根据第四段中“He jumped up Ashley’s bed and began touching her face. She pushed him off her bed and tried to roll over but he began again, until she was up.”（他跳上艾希礼的床，开始摸她的脸。她把他推下床，想翻身，但他又开始了，直到她起来）和第五段中“In no time, the fire had engulfed (吞没) nearly the entire home, but luckily, all of them had made it out alive, with Jack leading the way.”（没过多久，大火几乎吞没了整个房子，但幸运的是，他们都活着逃了出来，杰克在前面带路）推知，火灾发生时，Jack很勇敢、很聪明地救了主人一家，故答案为He is brave, clever and loyal. When the fire happened, he didn’t run away, but saved the family in his way.

（6）
【答案】
1. When he was 10.    
2. In California.    
3. Frightened./Scared.   
4. About 6 months.    
5. Open.

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文是一个名为李涛的留学生自述美国留学生活的点滴。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When I started to learn English at the age of 10, I felt very curious about the English language.”（当我10岁开始学习英语时，我对英语感到非常好奇。）可知，李涛10岁开始学英语，故答案为When he was 10.
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Then after high school, I arranged to attend college in California.”（高中毕业后，我安排去加州上大学。）可知，李涛去加州上大学，故答案为In California.
3．词义猜测题。根据第七段中“No problem for most people, but it terrified me. I was afraid of doing it.”（对大多数人来说没有问题，但我却很害怕。我害怕做这件事。）可知，划线词应该是“害怕”的意思，故答案为Frightened./Scared.
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It was about 6 months before I became used to the school life in the USA.”（大约6个月后，我才适应了美国的学校生活。）可知，李涛6个月才适应了美国的生活，故答案为About 6 months.
5．推理判断题。本题为开放性试题，要求考生根据李涛的故事写自己的感受与启发，合理即可，故答案为Open.

（7）
【答案】
1. Because he has to depend on others.    
2. As a result of food poisoning.    
3. Help.    
4. The carers are vey expensive.    
5. Such dogs are helpful. Because with the accompany and assistance of Bonny, the author has become positive.

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一个脑瘫病人，拥有了一只叫邦尼的金毛猎犬，这只狗的陪伴和帮助，使作者逐渐开朗积极起来。同时，作者也乐意将这种经历分享给和他一样的人，希望其他像他一样的人也有这种狗的陪伴和帮助。
1．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段内容“I often rely on other people in my life, and it even keeps me from making my own decisions in most situations. Why? Because when you have to depend on others, the decision does not become totally yours.(在我的生活中，我经常依赖别人，这甚至让我在大多数情况下无法自己做决定。为什么？因为当你不得不依赖他人时，决定并不完全是你的。)”可知，作者有时无法自己做决定的原因是作者不得不依赖别人。故答案为：Because he has to depend on others.
2．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段内容“I developed Cerebral Palsy at the age of twelve months as a result of food poisoning.(我在12个月大的时候因为食物中毒患上了脑瘫。)”可知，作者患上脑瘫是12月大时食物中毒导致的。故答案为：As a result of food poisoning.
3．考查词义猜测。分析语境可知，“such a dog”指的是像作者的狗邦尼一样的狗，根据第一段中“so she could help me become independent(这样她就可以帮助我变得独立)”以及划线单词所在句子上文“They always tried to help me become positive, but they said it was Bonny that had made such a difference.(他们总是努力帮助我变得积极，但他们说，是邦尼让我变得如此不同。)”可知，邦尼对作者起到的是帮助作用，由此可推知，“assistance”应是指狗带给作者的帮助，治疗师认为其他像作者一样的病人也需要这种狗的帮助。“assistance”即意为“help”。故答案为：Help.
4．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段内容“The costs of carers who are paid to help people like me are very high.(雇护工来帮助像我这样的人的费用非常高。)”可知，作者认为护工的费用很高。故答案为：The carers are vey expensive.
5．开放性试题，言之有理即可。根据文章第三段内容“My recent visit to the Spastic Centre with Bonny caused the therapists to notice the change in my attitude and mood. They always tried to help me become positive, but they said it was Bonny that had made such a difference.(我最近和邦尼一起去了痉挛中心，治疗师注意到了我态度和情绪的变化。他们总是努力帮助我变得积极，但他们说，是邦尼让我变得如此不同。)”可知，像邦尼这种狗对作者这样的人来说是有帮助的，因为它的陪伴让作者有了积极的情绪。故答案为：Such dogs are helpful. Because with the accompany and assistance of Bonny, the author has become positive.

（8）
【答案】
1. A young waitress named Mary    
2. Be very easy to see/ notice; be easily seen; different.   
3. $100 bill    
4. The boss of the restaurant.    
5. I think “Happiness” is to respect myself and others.

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一家餐厅的老板，衣衫褴褛地进入餐厅与女服务员的互动，由此告诉我们快乐的秘诀就是尊重自己和他人。
1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中第二句“A young waitress named Mary watched him and ran over to him.”（一位名叫玛丽的年轻女服务员看到他并迎向他）可知，在餐厅中是服务员Mary帮助了他。故答案为A young waitress named Mary。
2．考查词句猜测。根据第一段中“ His poor jacket, patched (打补丁的) trousers, and worn-out shoes .”（他那件破旧的夹克衫、打补丁的裤子和破旧的鞋子）可知，老人衣衫褴褛，所以非常“突出显眼”，即：与众不同、容易被人看见/注意到，故答案为Be very easy to see/ notice; be easily seen; different.
3．考查细节理解。根据第8段最后一句“under which was a $ 100 bill.”（在他的盘子下面，她发现了一张名片和一张写在餐巾纸上的便条，下面是一张100美元的钞票。）可知，盘子下面是一张100美元的钞票。故答案为$100 bill。
4．考查细节理解。最后一段的第一句“the man she had served was the owner of the restaurant.”（她接待的那个人是这家餐馆的老板。）可知，老人是餐厅的老板，故答案为The boss of the restaurant.
5．考查推理判断。倒数第二段中的第一句“I respect you very much, and you respect yourself, too. It shows by the way you treat others. You have found the secret of happiness.”（我非常尊重你，你也尊重你自己。从你对待他人的方式就可以看出。你已经找到了快乐的秘诀。）由此可知，快乐的秘诀就是尊重自己和他人。故答案为I think “Happiness” is to respect myself and others.

（9）
【答案】
1. Because the plane and train were quite expensive./Because the coach was cheaper.    
2. It had a wonderful view overlooking the Thames.    
3. Sites./Places of interest./Sights.    
4. Two.    
5. The first time I went abroad was when I went to China. That journey made a deep impression on me because of the Great Wall.

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者的第一次英国之旅。
1．考查细节理解题。根据第一段“The plane and train were quite expensive, so we decided to travel by coach.”（飞机和火车都很贵，所以我们决定坐长途汽车旅行）由此可知，作者为什么乘长途汽车去伦敦是因为飞机和火车都很贵或者因为长途汽车更便宜。故回答为：Because the plane and train were quite expensive./Because the coach was cheaper。
2．考查细节理解题。根据第二段“My friends and I had a big room on the top floor. The beds were not very comfortable and the bathroom was very small but it had a wonderful view overlooking the Thames.”（我和我的朋友在顶楼有一个大房间。床不太舒服，浴室很小，但可以俯瞰泰晤士河的美景。）由此可知，作者在青年旅社的房间的好处是从这里可以俯瞰泰晤士河的美景。故回答为：It had a wonderful view overlooking the Thames。
3．考查词句猜测题。根据下文“Big Ben, Piccadilly Circus, and Buckingham Palace.”（大本钟、皮卡迪利广场和白金汉宫。）可知，这些都是出名的景点。所以划线词的意思是“景点”。故回答为：Sites./Places of interest./Sights。
4．考查细节理解题。根据第三段“I bought a silver ring for my sister.”（我给我妹妹买了一个银戒指）“Unfortunately, I think the ring fell out of my pocket during the game, and I had to buy another one.”（不幸的是，戒指在比赛时从我的口袋里掉了出来，我不得不再买一个。）由此可知，作者买了两个戒指。故回答为：Two。
5．开放性试题。我第一次出国是在我去中国的时候。由于长城的缘故，那次旅行给我留下了深刻的印象。故回答为：The first time I went abroad was when I went to China. That journey made a deep impression on me because of the Great Wall。

（10）
【答案】
1. To improve the reading skills of children with reading problems.    
2. Because dogs never criticize，judge or laugh at the children’s reading ability.    
3. In addition to making learning enjoyable, it also increases their sense of self-confidence.    
4. Carried out. / Performed. / Done.    
5. I think they are meaningful. As they make a difference in their life by improving the reading skills of children with reading problems.

【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了Reading with Rover项目的诸多益处，它的目的是提高有阅读问题孩子的阅读技能。
1．考查细节理解题。根据第一段“The goal of all these programs is to improve the reading skills of children with reading problems by having children read to dogs.”（所有这些项目的目标都是通过让孩子读给狗听来提高有阅读障碍的孩子的阅读技能）可知，Reading with Rover的目的是提高有阅读问题孩子的阅读技能。故回答为：To improve the reading skills of children with reading problems.
2．考查细节理解题。根据第二段“Dogs don’t criticize(批评)，judge or laugh at the children’s reading ability.”（狗不会批评、评判或嘲笑孩子的阅读能力）可知，为什么当孩子们对着狗读书时，阅读会成为一种有趣而无压力的体验是因为狗不会批评、评判或嘲笑孩子的阅读能力。故回答为：Because dogs never criticize，judge or laugh at the children’s reading ability.
3．考查细节理解题。根据第三段“In addition to making learning enjoyable, when children read to dogs, it increases their sense of self-confidence.”（除了使学习变得愉快，当孩子们读给狗读书时，还能增加孩子们的自信心）可知，Reading with Rover的优势是除了使学习变得愉快，当孩子们读给狗读书时，还能增加孩子们的自信心，故回答为：In addition to making learning enjoyable, it also increases their sense of self-confidence.
4．考查词句猜测题。根据后文“which concluded that when children read to dogs, it can increase their reading skills by thirty percent”（得出结论，当孩子们给狗朗读时，他们的阅读能力可以提高30%）可知，加利福尼亚大学最近作了一项研究。故划线词的意思是“做或者实施”。故回答为：Carried out. / Performed. / Done.
5．开放性试题。根据倒数第二段“Reading with Rover and other programs like it have been a huge success, resulting in improved reading skills for a number of participating children with reading problems. In addition to making learning enjoyable, when children read to dogs, it increases their sense of self-confidence.”（Reading with Rover和其他类似的项目取得了巨大的成功，帮助许多有阅读问题的孩子提高了阅读技能。除了使学习变得愉快，当孩子们读给狗读书时，还能增加他们的自信心）我认为它们是有意义的。因为他们通过提高有阅读问题的孩子的阅读技能来改变他们自己的生活。故回答为：I think they are meaningful. As they make a difference in their life by improving the reading skills of children with reading problems.

（11）
【答案】
1. They will feel hungry.    
2. You should go to seek company.    
3. The need for social connection.    
4. Fat. / Overweight.    
5. (open) I’d like to call up my best friend, and have a good talk with each other.

【分析】这是一篇说明文。旨在阐明孤独和饥饿之间的关系，以及带来的害处。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句“Women, who feel lonely, are hungrier, and they even find a big meal less satisfying.（感到孤独的女人会更饿，甚至会觉得一顿大餐不太令人满意。）”可知，孤独的人会产生的一个反应是饥饿。故答案为They will feel hungry。
2．考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句“This could be the body’s way of telling them to seek company, for eating has been a sociable activity throughout human evolution.（这可能是身体告诉他们寻求陪伴的方式，因为在人类进化过程中，吃饭一直是一种社交活动。）”可知，人体通过饥饿感告诉人类应该去吃东西、去社交获得陪伴。故答案为You should go to seek company。
3．考查细节理解。根据第二段倒数第二句“The need for social connection is essential to human nature.（对社会联系的需求对人的天性至关重要。）”可知对人类天性至关重要的是对社会联系的需求。故答案为The need for social connection。
4．考查词句猜测。根据第三段第二句“It isn’t clear why this is, but it is possible that the shame related with being fat makes socializing less valuable for them.（目前尚不清楚这是为什么，但可能是因为与肥胖相关的羞耻感降低社交对他们的价值。）”可知那些没有因为孤独而感到饥饿的人是肥胖的人。在句中corpulent作表语，故可推测其为形容词，意为“肥胖的，超重的”。故答案为Fat或者Overweight。
5．考查推理判断。根据最后一段第一句“Being cut off from friends and family can raise blood pressure, stress and the risk of depression, as well as weakening the immune system (免疫系统) and a person’s resistance to disease (早老性痴呆).（与朋友和家人断绝联系会增加血压、压力和患抑郁症的风险，还会削弱免疫系统和一个人对疾病的抵抗力。）”可知，与家人朋友失去联系、处于孤独状态对人有很大的害处。故因此我们要尽量杜绝这种情况的出现，如果感到孤独就应该寻求社交，那么和好朋友打个电话好好聊聊就是一个好办法。故答案为I’d like to call up my best friend, and have a good talk with each other。