天津市2022-2023学年高一下学期英语外研版阅读表达专项训练2（提升训练）

这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册本册综合随堂练习题，共17页。
2023年高一阅读表达专项训练（提升训练）
（1）
On March 19, Malala Yousafzai, a 15-year-old Pakistani student and women’s education activist, returned to the classroom for the first time since being violently attacked by a member of the Taliban — a terrorist organization-on October 9,2012. Malala was shot on her way home from school in Mingora, Pakistan. A Taliban group took responsibility for the attack, claiming that the attack should serve as a warning to others. Members of the group believe girls are not permitted to go to school. Malala was attacked because she was asking for girls’ rights to education in Swat Valley, Pakistan.
Malala recovers from the attack at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham, England. After a long period of recovery, Malala is starting as a nine-year student at Edgbaston High School. It is the oldest independent girl school in Birmingham, England. Though she has no plans to return to Pakistan, Malala still speaks out as a voice for change in her country and everywhere.
“I am excited that today I have achieved my dreams of going back to school. I want all girls in the world to have this basic opportunity,” Malala said in a statement. “I miss my classmates from Pakistan very much but I am looking forward to meeting my teachers and making new friends here in Birmingham.”
Malala has been an Internet blogger, or writer, since she was 11 years old. In 2011 she was awarded Pakistan’s National Peace Award for her bravery in writing about difficulties of life and education in the shadow of Taliban. She has spoken publicly about children’s rights and been nominated for an international children’s peace prize.
After the attack in 2012, support for Malala poured in from around the world. The United Nations declared November 10 Malala Day. Former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown said the day honors Malala and shows the world that people of all sexes, all backgrounds and all countries stand behind the heroine.
1．When was Malala violently attacked by Taliban? (No more than 10 words)
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2．What would Malala do though she couldn’t return to Pakistan?(No more than 12 words)
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3．Why did The United Nations declare November 10 Malala Day7 (No more than 12 words)
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4．What does the underlined words mean? (No more than 3 words)
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5．What do you think of Malala? Please share your reasons. (No more than 25 words)
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（2）
A self-service flower shop operated by a college student in Beijing is attracting many young customers, Chinese media reported.
Different from traditional shops in the capital, the young storekeeper surnamed Wang opened the first self-service flower shop where people can select flowers and pay via mobile payment systems including WeChat and Alipay.
Born after 1995 and a lover of fiction, the young man said he began the startup because it will not take up his time. "People go to flower shops at any time," he said. "I cannot focus on reading when I have to serve customers," So Wang opened the self-service flower shop after doing market research.
Most young customers like shopping in a free environment, and hate promotion from clerks, he explained, adding that customers can have their questions answered about categories and names of flowers through mobile apps.
Even though there is no shopkeeper the operation has attracted many young customers and proved to be a success, at least for now.
Although he does not sell flowers in the shop in person, Wang said he would call at it at odd intervals every day.
"It is a business with small investment, and it can not cause a huge loss if a burglary（偷盗）occurs,” he said, adding that he trusts people.
1．How do people pay for flowers? (No more than 8 words)
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2．Why did Wang open the self-service flower shop? (No more than 20 words)
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3．What should customers do if they have their questions about flowers? (No more than 10 words)
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4．What does the underlined phrase "at odd intervals" most probably mean? (No more than 4 words)
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5．What do you think of the self-service flower shop? Tell your reasons. (No more than 25 words)
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（3）
In the United States the most popular form of folk dancing has been square dancing since the earlier days. In those days, men and women worked in groups to build a house or harvest crops. When the work was done, they usually danced merrily and happily in a store or in a farm kitchen.
Nowadays square-dancing is still performed. A square, which has four sides, is formed by four couples. Each couple stands on one side of the square, the man on the left and the woman on the right. That is to say, one square has eight people and they stand facing the center of the square.
Large or small numbers of people can dance together. Sometimes as many as 800 or 1,000 people may be dancing all at the same time.
Costumes are worn by those who do the square-dancing. This makes the dancing more colorful to watch. Men may have colored shirts and western trousers they wear only on special days. Women often wear full skirts of different colors with a pretty blouse. In some country areas, everyone wears their best clothes.
Today in all parts of the US you will find some schools, clubs, or other groups that are square dancing for fun. They enjoy it very much.
1．In the earlier days, when did people do square-dancing? (No more than 8 words)
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2．How many people are square-dancing if there are 100 squares? (No more than 5 words)
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3．What does the underlined word "costumes" mean in Paragraph 4? (No more than 8 words)
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4．What do people in some country areas wear in square-dancing? (No more than 8 words)
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5．How do people of the US like square-dancing today? (No more than 8 words)
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（4）
The legendary charity runner Rosie Swale Pope has jogged (慢跑) her way across Europe to Istanbul, Turkey, as she continues her 6,000-mile journey from Brighton in the U.K. to Kathmandu in Nepal. The 73-year-old took on the challenge in an effort to raise support for a project to improve health, education and living of local communities in Nepal, which was destroyed by a destructive earthquake in 2015.
“It is not about just giving people food. It is about helping these talented people to grow their own food,” she said as she jogged by the Blue Mosque and the Hagia Sophia, the top tourist attractions in Istanbul.
Pope, from Tenby, Wales, began her journey to Kathmandu from Brighton, a town on the English Channel, in July 2018. Turkey is the 13th country she’s jogged through. The Republic of Georgia is next on her itinerary.
“I never know where I sleep every night. I sleep in fields. I sleep in the streets. I get up and run. I meet people I would never meet any other way,” she said. She transports her belongings in a bright red cart (手推车) that she drags behind her while she runs.
Recognized as one of the world’s longest solo runners, she ran around the world in 2004 to raise money for charity, and in 2015 she ran across the United States — from New York to San Francisco — to honor her late husband, Clive, who died from prostate cancer.
Her adventures also include sailing alone from the U.K. to the U.S. in a 17-foot boat. She described herself as ‘just an ordinary person, and I am old,’ but she’s made special connections all over the world. ‘I meet people I would never meet any other way and actually it is a way of giving more to life because I have more. You don’t go out and you don’t wait for the world to come to you,’ she said.
1．What’s the purpose of Pope’s jogging from Brighton to Kathmandu?(no more than 15 words)
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2．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 probably mean? (1 word)
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3．How does Pope bring her belongings when she jogs? (no more than 10 words)
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4．What did Pope do in 2015? (no more than 15 words)
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5．What do you think of Pope and what she did? (no more than 25 words)
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（5）
If you are worried about things and are under a lot of pressure at work or school, you are probably not sleeping well. Worry can keep you awake, turning in bed until the early hours of the morning when you finally fall asleep. When you wake up, you don't feel fresh, but tired and worn out and unable to face a new day.
Dr. Henry Winkle, in a recent newspaper article “Stress and Sleep”, says that worry and sleep are directly related. He says, “The more we worry, the less we sleep, and the more we are unable to deal with pressure. If we can find a way to get a good night's sleep,” he adds, “we can often find the energy to deal with what's worrying us.”
So, what is a good night's sleep? Research shows that the amount of sleep which people need in order to keep healthy varies a lot. Seven hours is about the average amount. Though strangely enough, sleeping longer often gives you a headache instead of making you feel more comfortable.
Dr. Winkle believes that preparing for sleeping is important. People who work late should try to give themselves a short break and do something restful before going to bed. Doing some exercise earlier in the day should help you to feel physically as well as mentally tired. A bedtime drink can also help, but not coffee or tea. “When you put the light out,” Dr. Winkle says, “pay attention to relaxing your muscles（肌肉）, working slowly up from your feet, and you'll be asleep before you know it.”
1．How do you feel if you don't sleep well? （within 12 words）
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2．How do we feel if we sleep less according to what Dr. Winkle says in Paragraph 2? （within 5 words）
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3．What is the main idea of the passage? （within 5 words）
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4．How long is a good night's sleep in average according to the author? （within 5 words）
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5．What's the advantage if you do some exercise earlier in the day? （within 8 words）
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（6）
After completing my first year of studies, I decided to relax by taking a trip through one of the most richly cultured countries in Asia: Nepal.
The first thing I noticed about Nepal was its people, kind and friendly, ready to help someone in need. I'm saying so because all of what I've witnessed between the citizens themselves, rather than how they treated me as a visitor. It is shown in the way bus conductors and passengers alike keep the bus waiting for that last passenger who is lagging behind. It is evident in how a motorist smiles and waves off a kid who runs onto the street after his ball. The people are like a hot bowl of soup on a rainy day.
The first place I visited in Nepal was the Sauraha village in the district of Chitwan. It is an amazingly peaceful place, where the people live at their own pace. It is a great area to see some of the wildlife, such as rhinos and elephants. The capital city of Kathmandu was where I spent most of my time. The city is usually very dusty, so make sure to wear a mask. Another great area in Kathmandu is the district of Thamel. Unlike most other districts, Thamel is very busy throughout the day. Out of all the places I've been to within Nepal. Pokhara is undoubtedly the best place to visit. There are a lot of fun things to try out. I've gone paragliding as well as boating in Fewa Lake, but you can also go rafting. zip flying and paramotoring.
Nepal is a very affordable destination to travel to. I traveled through the country for about two months, and spent a little over 500 US dollars. Accommodation around Nepal is inexpensive, mostly varying from about 500 to 1,500 rupees per night per person. During my stay in Kathmandu. I stayed at a great hotel for two weeks, for 300 rupees per night. which is a great deal.
In a word, Nepal is a fantastic place. Whether you're looking to relax in the wildness and peace of nature, or for an exciting new adventure, Nepal has a variety of choices to offer.
1．What does the author think of the people in Nepal? (No more than 10 words)
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2．Which city in Nepal is the author's favorite according to paragraph 3? (1 word)
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3．What does the underlined sentence “Nepal is a very affordable destination to travel to.” in paragraph 4 mean? (No more than 15 words)
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4．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? (No more than 10 words)
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5．Which place do you want to visit most in the world? Give your reasons. (No more than 25 words)
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（7）
Marco Polo came from a wealthy family and received a good education. He was only six years old when his father and uncle left for a journey to China or Cathay, as it was called at that time. At the age of 17, Marco followed his father and uncle on their second journey to Asia.
The Polos traveled through many countries, over mountains and along the Silk Road, the main travel route for traders. Marco would keep detailed journals and record his findings. The Polos also stopped for a year in the Mongol region. There they learnt about the lives and culture of the people. This was useful as Marco was able to share what he had learnt with the Emperor of China, Kublai Khab. The Emperor was impressed with him. The Polos traveled 9,000 kilometres in more than three and a half years before reaching China. There Marco was most surprised to find the stones that burnt like logs. The Chinese had found a source of fuel that nobody in Europe could have imagined. It was called coal.
In 1298, Marco wrote a book called The Travels of Marco Polo which was a record of his travels in Asia. The book enabled the Europeans to understand and carry out trading activities more easily with Asians.
1．What was China also called in the past? (1 word)
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2．What was the Silk Road mainly used as in ancient times? (No more than 10 words)
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3．What did the Polos do during their stay in the Mongol region? (No more than 12 words)
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4．Why was Marco impressed with the stones? (No more than 6 words)
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5．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? (No more than 10 words)
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（8）
Irregular bedtime may influence healthy brain development of young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits. Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both got worse on mental tasks than children who had fixed bedtime, researchers found.
The effect was most striking in three-year-olds, where boys and girls scored lower on reading, maths and spatial skill tests than children of the same age who kept to a more strict schedule. Scientists said the lack of routine might weaken early development by disturbing the body clock, or through sleep deprivation (剥夺), which affects the brain’s ability to remember and learn new information.
“If a child is having irregular bedtime at a young age, they’re not synthesizing all the information around them at that age, and they will get a harder job to do when they are older”, said Amanda Sacker, one of the researchers. Irregular bedtime throughout childhood appeared to have accumulative effect, leading to greater problems later on.
Sacker and her colleagues drew on information in the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), a long-term record of UK children who are now in or approaching their early teenage years. They looked at how the children’s performance were on tests at various ages, and whether bedtime had any impact. Parents who took part in the MCS were asked whether their children went to bed at a regular time on weekdays. Those who answered “always” or “usually” were put in the regular bedtime group in Sacker’s study, while those who answered “sometimes” or “never” were put in the irregular bedtime group.
Sacker suggests that irregular bedtime affects the brain’s ability to store and learn new information. Early child development has deep influences on health and wellbeing across the life course. Therefore, reduced sleep, especially if it occurs at key times in development, could have important impacts on health throughout life.
1．Who are influenced more by irregular bedtime between boys and girls? (no more than 2 words)
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2．What does the underlined word “striking” mean? (1 words)
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3．According to Amanda Sacker, what is the future influence of early irregular bedtime on adults? (No more than 10 words)
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4．In their study, how did the researchers group the participants (参与者)? (no more than 15 words)
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5．If you are a parent with a young child, what should you do when your child don’t go to bed at a regular time? (no more than 20 words)
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参考答案
（1）
【答案】
1. Going home after school. / When she was on her way home from school. /On October 9, 2012.    
2. Malala would speak out for change in her country and everywhere. / Malala would still be concerned about her homeland. / She would appeal for change in her country and around the world.    
3. Because Malala has advocated the right to children’s education. / Because she spoke publicly about girl’s right to education. / Because of her bravery to fight for girls’ rights in Pakistan. / To honor Malala and showed the world that people stood behind heroine.    
4. Support.    
5. I think Malala is a brave/ determined/ strong-willed/ strong-minded/ persistent girl. Because she appealed for children’s rights to education in the shadow of Taliban. / Because she fought for the children’s rights to education at the risk of being attacked.

【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了巴基斯坦女孩马拉拉因为她呼吁巴基斯坦斯瓦特山谷的女孩享有受教育的权利遭到恐怖组织塔利班成员的暴力袭击。马拉拉将在她的国家和世界各地大声呼吁变革。她这样勇敢的举动得到了世界各地的支持。
1．考查细节理解题。根据第一段“On March 19, Malala Yousafzai, a 15-year-old Pakistani student and women’s education activist, returned to the classroom for the first time since being violently attacked by a member of the Taliban — a terrorist organization-on October 9,2012. Malala was shot on her way home from school in Mingora, Pakistan.(3月19日，15岁的巴基斯坦学生、女性教育活动家马拉拉·尤萨夫扎伊自2012年10月9日遭到恐怖组织塔利班成员的暴力袭击以来，第一次回到教室。马拉拉在巴基斯坦明戈拉放学回家的路上被枪击)”可知，马拉拉遭到塔利班的暴力袭击是在2012年10月9或者在放学的路上。故答案为Going home after school. / When she was on her way home from school. /On October 9, 2012.
2．考查细节理解题。根据第二段“Though she has no concrete plans to return to Pakistan, Malala still speaks out as a voice for change in her country and everywhere.(尽管玛拉拉没有返回巴基斯坦的具体计划，但她仍然在她的国家和世界各地大声呼吁变革)”可知，如果玛拉拉不能回到巴基斯坦，她将在她的国家和世界各地大声呼吁变革。故答案为Malala would speak out for change in her country and everywhere. / Malala would still be concerned about her homeland. / She would appeal for change in her country and around the world.
3．考查细节理解题。根据第一段“Malala was targeted because she was appealing for girls’ rights to education in Swat Valley, Pakistan.(马拉拉之所以成为袭击目标，是因为她呼吁巴基斯坦斯瓦特山谷的女孩享有受教育的权利)”。根据最后一段“Former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown said the day honors Malala and shows the world that people of all sexes, all backgrounds and all countries stand behind the heroine.(英国前首相戈登·布朗说，这一天是为了纪念马拉拉，并向世界表明，所有性别、所有背景和所有国家的人都支持这位女英雄)”可知，联合国宣布11月10日为马拉拉日是因为马拉拉倡导儿童受教育的权利。/因为她公开谈论女孩受教育的权利。/因为她为巴基斯坦女孩争取权利的勇气。/向马拉拉致敬，向世界表明，人们支持这位英雄。故答案为Because Malala has advocated the right to children’s education. / Because she spoke publicly about girl’s right to education. / Because of her bravery to fight for girls’ rights in Pakistan. / To honor Malala and showed the world that people stood behind heroine.
4．考查词句猜测。根据最后一段中“After the attack in 2012, support for Malala poured in from around the world. The United Nations declared November 10 Malala Day. (2012年袭击事件发生后，世界各地对马拉拉的支持如潮水般涌来。联合国宣布11月10日为马拉拉日)”可知，所有性别、所有背景和所有国家的人都支持这位女英雄。故画线词意思是“支持”。故答案为Support.
5．开放性题目。根据第一段“Malala was targeted because she was appealing for girls’ rights to education in Swat Valley, Pakistan.(马拉拉之所以成为袭击目标，是因为她呼吁巴基斯坦斯瓦特山谷的女孩享有受教育的权利)”；第二段“Though she has no concrete plans to return to Pakistan, Malala still speaks out as a voice for change in her country and everywhere.(尽管玛拉拉没有返回巴基斯坦的具体计划，但她仍然在她的国家和世界各地大声呼吁变革)”可知，我认为马拉拉是一个勇敢/坚定/意志坚强/执着的女孩。因为她呼吁在塔利班阴影下的儿童享有受教育的权利/因为她冒着被攻击的危险为孩子们争取受教育的权利。故答案为I think Malala is a brave/ determined/ strong-willed/ strong-minded/ persistent girl. Because she appealed for children’s rights to education in the shadow of Taliban. / Because she fought for the children’s rights to education at the risk of being attacked.
（2）
【答案】
1. Through/Via mobile payment systems including WeChat and Alipay.    
2. Because it will not take up his time and people go to flower shops at any time.    
3. They can find their answers through mobile apps/the Internet.    
4. occasionally/(every)now and then/once in a while    
5. open

【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一位大学生在北京开的第一家无店主花店。文章介绍了店主开这家花店的原因和经营模式。
1．由第二段中的“pay via mobile payment systems including WeChat and Alipay”可知答案。
2．由第三段中的“because it will not take up his time."People go to flower shops at any time”可知答案。
3．由第四段中的“customers can have their questions answered about categories and names of flowers through mobile apps”可知答案。
4．由上文介绍和该段“Although he does not sell flowers in the shop in person,Wang said he would call at it at odd intervals every day”可知，Wang并不待在花店里卖花，但是他每天偶尔也会到店里去看看。故该划线部分的意思应为“occasionally/(every)now and then/once in a while”。
5．由文章中对该花店的介绍可知，无论从经营理念还是经营模式来看，这家花店都不是传统式的，而是比较开放的。

（3）
【答案】
1. When the work was done.    
2. Eight hundred.    
3. Colorful clothes worn on special days.    
4. They wear their best clothes.    
5. They enjoy it very much.

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国广场舞的起源、形式、服装、场地及地位。
1．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“When the work was done, they usually danced merrily and happily in a store or in a farm kitchen.”(当工作完成后，他们通常在商店或农场的厨房里愉快地跳舞。)可知，人们聚在一起跳广场舞是在工作完成之后，故答案为When the work was done。
2．考查细节理解。根据第二段“That is to say, one square has eight people and they stand facing the center of the square.”(也就是说，一个广场有八个人，他们面对着广场的中心站着。)可知，如果是一个方形的广场，需要八个人，如果有100个广场，有800人，故答案为Eight hundred。
3．考查词义猜测。根据第四段“Costumes are worn by those who do the square-dancing.”(Costumes是那些跳广场舞的人穿的。)及“Men may have colored shirts and western trousers they wear only on special days.”(人们只有在特殊的日子才会穿彩色衬衫和西裤。)可知，人们跳舞时会穿上在特殊节日才穿的漂亮衣服，故答案为Colorful clothes worn on special days。
4．考查细节理解。根据第四段“In some country areas, everyone wears their best clothes.”(在一些乡村地区，每个人都穿他们最好的衣服。)可知，在一些农村地区跳广场舞时，每个人都会穿上最好的衣服。
5．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Today in all parts of the US you will find some schools, clubs, or other groups that are square dancing for fun. They enjoy it very much.”(如今，在美国的各个地方，你都会发现一些学校、俱乐部或其他团体以广场舞为乐。他们非常喜欢它。)可知，今天的人们仍然很喜欢广场舞，故答案为They enjoy it very much。

（4）
【答案】
1. To raise support for improving health, education and living of local communities in Nepal.
Or: To raise support for a project to improve Nepal’s local communities’ health, education and living.    
2. Journey/Plan/Schedule    
3. She used a bright red cart.
Or: She puts them in a cart and drags it.    
4. She ran across the United States to honor her late husband.    
5. I think Pope is a woman full of love, and what she did can change the people’s life in Nepal.

【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了传奇式的慈善跑步者Rosie Swale Pope。她被公认为世界上最长的单人跑步者之一，她跑遍世界各地为慈善事业筹款。
1．考查细节理解题。根据第一段“she continues her 6,000-mile journey from Brighton in the U.K. to Kathmandu in Nepal. The 73-year-old took on the challenge in an effort to raise support for a project to improve health, education and living of local communities in Nepal,”可知，她将继续从英国布莱顿到尼泊尔加德满都的6000英里旅程。这位73岁的老人接受这项挑战的目的是为一个项目筹集支持，该项目旨在改善尼泊尔当地社区的健康、教育和生活。由此可知，Pope从莱顿到尼泊尔加德满都的目的是为改善尼泊尔当地社区的健康、教育和生活提供支持。或者：为改善尼泊尔当地社区健康、教育和生活的项目筹集资金。故答为：To raise support for improving health, education and living of local communities in Nepal.Or: To raise support for a project to improve Nepal’s local communities’ health, education and living.
2．词句猜测题。根据所在词的前文“Pope, from Tenby, Wales, began her journey to Kathmandu from Brighton, a town on the English Channel, in July 2018. Turkey is the 13th country she’s jogged through.”可知，Pope来自威尔士的Tenby，她于2018年7月从英吉利海峡的一个小镇布莱顿出发前往加德满都。土耳其是她慢跑经过的第13个国家。由此可知，格鲁吉亚共和国是她的下一个行程/计划/安排。itinerary意思是行程/计划/安排。故答为：Journey/Plan/Schedule.
3．考查细节理解题。根据第四段“She transports her belongings in a bright red cart (手推车) that she drags behind her while she runs.”可知，她把自己的东西放在一辆鲜红色的手推车里，一边跑一边拖在身后。故答为：She used a bright red cart.Or: She puts them in a cart and drags it.
4．考查细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“in 2015 she ran across the United States — from New York to San Francisco — to honor her late husband, Clive, who died from prostate cancer.”可知，2015年，她横跨美国，从纽约到旧金山，以纪念死于前列腺癌的丈夫克莱夫。故答为：She ran across the United States to honor her late husband.
5．考查推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Recognized as one of the world’s longest solo runners, she ran around the world in 2004 to raise money for charity”（她被公认为世界上最长的单人跑步者之一，在2004年她跑遍世界各地为慈善事业筹款） 由此判断出，她是一个充满爱心的女人。根据第一段“she continues her 6,000-mile journey from Brighton in the U.K. to Kathmandu in Nepal. The 73-year-old took on the challenge in an effort to raise support for a project to improve health, education and living of local communities in Nepal,”可知，她将继续从英国布莱顿到尼泊尔加德满都的6000英里旅程。这位73岁的老人接受这项挑战的目的是为一个项目筹集支持，该项目旨在改善尼泊尔当地社区的健康、教育和生活。由此判断出，她所做的可以改变尼泊尔人民的生活。故答为：I think Pope is a woman full of love, and what she did can change the people’s life in Nepal.

（5）
【答案】
1. We feel tired and worn out, unable to face a new day.    
2. We feel more worried. /We have less energy.    
3. Sleep and Your Life/Stress and Sleep/Sleep Is Important.    
4. Seven hours a day.    
5. It makes you sleep well at night.

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。作者主要讲述了睡眠对人类的重要意义，包括帮助我们应对压力和焦虑。并给予有关睡眠时长和提升睡眠质量方面的建议。
1．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“If you are worried about things and are under a lot of pressure at work or school, you are probably not sleeping well.（如果你感到忧心忡忡，学习或工作压力很大，那么你有可能是睡眠不好）”和“When you wake up, you don't feel fresh, but tired and worn out and unable            to face a new day.（当你醒来之后，你并不是感到精神焕发，而是疲惫不堪，没有精力应对新的一天）”可知，睡眠质量不高带来的后果，就是令人劳累、精力不济且不能面对新的一天。故答案为We feel tired and worn out, unable to face a new day.
2．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“He says, “The more we worry, the less we sleep, and the more we are unable to deal with pressure. If we can find a way to get a good night's sleep,” he adds, “we can often find the energy to deal with what's worrying us.”（他说，我们越是焦虑，睡眠越是不足，且我们就越没有能力应对压力。如果我们可以获得一晚上的充足睡眠，那么我们就经常会有精力，处理困扰我们的压力）”可知，睡眠不足会让我们更加焦虑，且精力涣散，故答案为We feel more worried. /We have less energy。
3．考查主旨大意。根据文章第一段“If you are worried about things and are under a lot of pressure at work or school, you are probably not sleeping well.（如果你感到忧心忡忡，学习或工作压力很大，那么你有可能是睡眠不好）”和第三段“If we can find a way to get a good night's sleep,” he adds, “we can often find the energy to deal with what's worrying us.”（ 如果我们可以获得一晚上的充足睡眠，那么我们就经常会有精力，处理困扰我们的压力）”和第四段“Dr. Winkle believes that preparing for sleeping is important.（Winkle博士认为，为睡眠做好充足准备是非常重要的）”可知，睡眠对我们有非常重要的意义，会帮助我们应对压力和焦虑。故答案为Sleep and Your Life/Stress and Sleep/Sleep Is Important.
4．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Seven hours is about the average amount.（每天七个小时的睡眠是平均水平）”可知，平均每天七个小时的睡眠时间是比较合理的。故答案为Seven hours a day.
5．考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第一段的“Doing some exercise earlier in the day should help you to feel physically as well as mentally tired.（一天中早些时候进行一些锻炼，会帮助你感到身体和精神困乏）”可知，早些时候做一些运动，会让你的身体和精神困乏，尽快进入睡眠的状态。故答案为It makes you sleep well at night.

（6）
【答案】
1. Kind and friendly, ready to help someone in need.    
2. Pokhara.    
3. Travelling in Nepal is inexpensive.    
4. The places the author visited in Nepal.    
5. Open. For example: The place I want to visit most is Beijing, because it is the capital of China and there are many places of interest.

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者去尼泊尔旅行的难忘经历。
1．考查细节理解。根据第二段“The first thing I noticed about Nepal was its people, kind and friendly, ready to help someone in need.”(我注意到的第一件事是尼泊尔人民善良友好，随时准备帮助需要帮助的人)可知，尼泊尔人民善良友好，随时准备帮助需要帮助的人，故填：Kind and friendly, ready to help someone in need.
2．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Pokhara is undoubtedly the best place to visit.”（博卡拉无疑是参观的最佳地点）可知，博卡拉是作者最喜欢的观光地，故填：Pokhara.
3．考查句意理解。划线部分后的“I traveled through the country for about two months, and spent a little over 500 US dollars.”(我在尼泊尔旅行了差不多两个月的时间，只花了500多美元)说明在尼泊尔旅游的花费并不高，故填：Travelling in Nepal is inexpensive.
4．考查段落大意。根据第三段内容，特别是“The first place I visited in Nepal was the Sauraha village in the district of Chitwan.”、“Another great area in Kathmandu is the district of Thamel.”及“Out of all the places I've been to within Nepal. Pokhara is undoubtedly the best place to visit.”等细节信息可知，本段主要讲的是作者在尼泊尔游览了哪些地方，故填：The places the author visited in Nepal.
5．开放题。本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一，有理有据即可，例如：我最想参观的地方是北京，因为它是中国的首都，并且那里有很多名胜古迹。故填：The place I want to visit most is Beijing, because it is the capital of China and there are many places of interest.

（7）
【答案】
1. Cathay.    
2. The main travel route for traders.    
3. There they learnt about the lives and culture of the people.    
4. Because they burned like logs.   
5. Marco Polo’s book benefitted the Europeans a lot./ Marco Polo’s book was very useful for the Europeans.

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了马可·波罗第一次跟随爸爸和叔叔到亚洲游历的所见所闻，他根据自己的见闻写的书《马可·波罗游记》对欧洲人非常有用。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段的“He was only six years old when his father and uncle left for a journey to China or Cathay, as it was called at that time.  (他仅六岁的时候，他的父亲和叔叔去中国旅行，当时被称为Cathay)”可知，在过去中国被叫做Cathay。故答案为Cathay.
2．考查细节理解。根据第二段的“The Polos traveled through many countries, over mountains and along the Silk Road, the main travel route for traders. (波罗一家穿越了许多国家，翻山越岭，沿着丝绸之路，丝绸之路是商人的主要旅行路线)”可知，丝绸之路在古代是商人的主要旅行路线。故答案为The main travel route for traders.
3．考查细节理解。根据第二段的“The Polos also stopped for a year in the Mongol region. There they learnt about the lives and culture of the people.  (波罗一家也在蒙古地区停留了一年。在那里他们了解了人民的生活和文化)”可知，波罗一家在内蒙古地区了解了当地人民的生活和文化。故答案为There they learnt about the lives and culture of the people.
4．考查细节理解。根据第二段的“There Marco was most surprised to find the stones that burnt like logs.  (在那里马可惊奇地发现那些石头像木头一样燃烧)”可知，马可·波罗对“石头”印象深刻是因为它们像木材一样燃烧。故答案为Because they burned like logs.
5．考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“In 1298, Marco wrote a book called The Travels of Marco Polo which was a record of his travels in Asia. The book enabled the Europeans to understand and carry out trading activities more easily with Asians. (1298年，马可写了一本名为《马可·波罗游记》的书，记录了他在亚洲的旅行。这本书使欧洲人更容易理解和开展与亚洲人的贸易活动)”可知，本段主要讲述了马可·波罗的书对欧洲人非常有用。故答案为Marco Polo’s book benefitted the Europeans a lot./ Marco Polo’s book was very useful for the Europeans.

（8）
【答案】
1. Girls.    
2. Obvious. / Serious.    
3. They will have a harder work to do.    
4. According to their bedtime.    
5. I will tell him / her the importance of regular bedtime and the harm of irregular time, trying to provide him / her a comfortable sleeping environment.
或I will urge him / her to go to bed at a regular time and tell him the importance of it.

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验研究讲述不按时睡觉对儿童的消极影响。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both got worse on mental tasks than children who had fixed bedtime, researchers found. (研究人员发现，每晚在不同的时间上床睡觉对女孩的影响比男孩更大，但男孩和女孩在脑力任务上都比固定就寝时间的孩子更糟糕。)”可知，不规律的睡觉时间对女孩的影响大于男孩，故答案为Girls。
2．考查词义猜测。根据第二段“Scientists said the lack of routine might weaken early development by disturbing the body clock, or through sleep deprivation (剥夺), which affects the brain’s ability to remember and learn new information. (科学家表示，缺乏惯例可能会通过扰乱生物钟或通过剥夺睡眠来削弱早期发育，这会影响大脑记忆和学习新信息的能力。)”可知，睡觉时间不规律对3岁的孩子有明显的，严重的影响。故推知striking表示“明显的，不寻常的”，故答案为Obvious. / Serious。
3．考查细节理解。根据第三段““If a child is having irregular bedtime at a young age, they’re not synthesizing all the information around them at that age, and they will get a harder job to do when they are older”, said Amanda Sacker, one of the researchers. (研究人员之一的Amanda Sacker说：“如果一个孩子在很小的时候就寝时间不规律，他们就不会在那个年龄综合周围的所有信息；当他们长大后，他们工作起来会更难”。)”可知，Amanda Sacker认为小时候就寝时间不规律，长大成年后，他们工作起来会更难，故答案为They will have a harder work to do。
4．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Parents who took part in the MCS were asked whether their children went to bed at a regular time on weekdays. Those who answered “always” or “usually” were put in the regular bedtime group in Sacker’s study, while those who answered “sometimes” or “never” were put in the irregular bedtime group. (参加MCS的父母被问及他们的孩子在工作日是否按时上床睡觉。在Sacker的研究中，那些回答“总是”或“通常”的人被安排在常规的就寝组，而那些回答“有时”或“从不”的人被放在不规则的就寝时间组中。)”可知，在他们的研究中，研究人员根据他们的就寝时间对参与者进行分组。故答案为According to their bedtime。
5．考查开放性试题。文章主要通过实验研究讲述不按时睡觉对儿童的消极影响。故答案为I will tell him / her the importance of regular bedtime and the harm of irregular time, trying to provide him / her a comfortable sleeping environment.
或I will urge him / her to go to bed at a regular time and tell him the importance of it。