专题04 动词和动词短语 ——【全国通用】2020-2022三年高考英语真题分类汇编（原卷版+解析版）

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三年（2020-2022）年高考真题分项汇编专题04  动词和动词短语 2022年高考真题1.（2022.6新高考1卷 完形填空）Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___47___, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___48___ our peaceful morning trip. 47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded答案：D、B解析：【47题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. signed up注册、报名；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. checked out退房、结账离开；D. headed off启程、出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。故选D。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. arranged安排；B. interrupted中断；C. completed完成；D. recorded记录。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可推知，此处指风暴来临，作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B。 2.（2022.6全国甲卷 完形填空）When I first dated Steve, I ___43___ he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora.43. A. feared B. doubted C. hoped D. learned答案：D解析：【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫。A. feared恐惧；B. doubted怀疑；C. hoped希望；D. learned得知。由上文的“When I first dated Steve (当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时)”和常识可知，第一次约会会得知对方相关情况，作者从而得知史蒂夫有一只狗和一只猫。故选D项。 3.（2022.6全国乙卷 完形填空）They simply ____58____ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. 58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up答案：C解析：【58题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。 4.（2022年1月浙江卷）"I was simply 37        a terrible experience," Ms. Burdeyney said at  her home in Toronto.37.A.getting over    B.going through   C.holding on   D.passing down答案：B解析：根据上文 Burdeyney 女士患了眼疾，主要症状为眼部干涩不适可知，她在经历（going through）一种糟糕的体验。   2021年高考真题1.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）Henry David Thoreau was happy to            from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.A. judge      B. differ      C. withdraw      D. benefit【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：梭罗乐于退出社会生活，在宁静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A.judge判断；B.differ不同于；C.withdraw撤退、（使）退出；D.benefit对……有用。根据句意可知，本空应填withdraw。故选：C。 2.（2021.6 浙江卷 完形填空）At this store, people      8      and then go off to the side to bag their own groceries. My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a stranger  came up her and said. 8.A.show up      B.call in     C.check out    D.sit down【答案】选C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A. show up出现，露面；B. call in召来，拜访；C. check out结账离开；D. sit down坐下。根据句意 "人们结账后然后离开到一边去装包自己的物品" 可知是 "结账"，故选C。 3.（2021.6全国甲卷 完形填空）They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to      13      at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. 13.A.wake up     B.get out     C.take off     D.break in【答案】选B【解析】考查短语。这里应该是海鸥应该是着急出去。A. wake up 唤醒   B. get out       出去     C. take off 脱下；起飞 D. break in 闯入。故选B。 4.（2021.6新高考1卷 完形填空）     11      a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I'd expected.11.A.Calm down     B.Slow down    C.Stay on     D.Move on【答案】选B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：稍微慢一点，蛋糕就堆积如山。分析题目可知，这里指的是如果做工时手脚不够快，蛋糕就会堆起来。故选B。 5.（2021.3 天津卷 完形填空）With that thought in mind, Pruitt      7      a plan and posted it on the community website. A.came up with      B.stuck to      C.gave up      D.broke away from【答案】选A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意︰带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. come up with提出；B. stick to坚持；C. give up放弃；D. break away from突然逃跑。根据后文 "a plan and posted it on the community website" 指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。 2020年高考真题1.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short time.A. clarify B. justify C. satisfy D. classify【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify澄清；B. justify证明；C. satisfy 满足；D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知，此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。2. The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ______ a new generation of virtual reality.A. allowing for B. accounting for C. calling for D. compensating for【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G的速度将超过125 GB/s，使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。A. allowing for使……成为可能，促进……的发生；B. accounting for解释；C. calling for需要，要求；呼吁；D. compensating for补偿。根据空前The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s可知，125 GB/s 的6G速度将使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。故选A。3．（2020·天津卷单项填空）I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him.A．drank a toast to B．played a joke onC．kept an eye on D．made an apology to【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a toast to为……干杯；B. played a joke on开……的玩笑；C. kept an eye on照看，留意，密切注视；D. made an apology to向……道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子，所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境，故选C。4．（2020·天津卷单项填空）We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.A．understood B．accepted C．compromised D．declined【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A. understood    理解；B. accepted接受；C. compromised妥协；D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。5．（2020·天津卷单项填空）We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work.A．take up B．carry out C．keep on D．put off【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take up占据；B. carry out实施；C. keep on 继续；D. put off推迟。根据“the one we have doesn’t work”可知，我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。6．（2020·天津卷单项填空）We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.A．understood B．accepted C．compromised D．declined【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A. understood    理解；B. accepted接受；C. compromised妥协；D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。 2019年高考真题1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】34.A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man's intelligence and creativity.A. resembling B. reflecting C. reviewing D. restoring【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】9.Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying.A. set aside B. take backC. make out D. keep off【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选C。3. （2019·北京卷·完形填空）He asks you questions and actually remembers the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he'll ___21___  those things.A. act on    B. settle on    C. check on    D. agree on【答案】C【解析】句意：在坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐车的时候，Wilson会检查（check on）上次提到的这些东西。该句指的是在乘车期间，Wilson会利用这个机会了解考查学生们的学习情况。故C选项正确。 2018年高考真题1.【2018·天津】8. It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A. display    B. acquireC. teach    D. test【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试。故选B。点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。2.【2018·天津】3. At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.A. gave in    B. dressed upC. broke in    D. turned up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，让步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in闯入；打断；D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析后句的原因状语可以判定出罗伯特最终让步，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。3.【2018·江苏】25. Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear road map and timetable.A. calls for    B. calls onC. calls off    D. calls up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选A。点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析全句句意，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。4.【2018·江苏】22. Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______ the things they see.A. indicate    B. investigateC. imitate    D. innovate【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A. indicate指示；B. investigate调查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。故选C。点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。考生在平时学习过程中要注重动词和动词短语的识记与掌握。 2017年高考真题1. 【2017·天津卷】5. Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _____, get married, and have kids.A. settled down    B. keep off    C. get up     D. cut in【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A. 安顿下来；B. 远离；C.起床；D. 插嘴。根据句意，故选A。考点：考查动词短语。【名师点睛】辨析动词短语没有捷径，只有加强平时的记忆，包括动词本身的含义、一词多义以及词组的搭配，做题时要弄懂句意和上下文的逻辑关系再进行判断。学生平时要特别注意这方面的积累。2.【2017·江苏卷】30. A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _______ your year ahead.A. shape             B. switch         C. stretch         D. sharpen【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查动词的辨析。A. shape塑造，决定……的形成，影响……的发展；B. switch转变，交换，调班；C. stretch拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。考点：考查动词的辨析3.【2017· 江苏】25.Working with the medical team in Africa has _______ the best in her as a doctor.A. held out         B. brought out        C. picked out       D. given out【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查动词短语辨析。held out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out使显现，阐明，出版；C.picked out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。考点：考查动词短语辨析