初二下学期期中英语试卷-学生用卷 (6)

这是一份初二下学期期中英语试卷-学生用卷 (6)，共26页。试卷主要包含了单项选择，选词填空，语法填空，句型转换，阅读理解，完形填空，首字母填空，任务型阅读等内容，欢迎下载使用。
初二下学期期中英语试卷-学生用卷
一、单项选择（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）
1、Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation?
A. average
B. fact
C. nature
D. habit

2、My parents have warned me            kites near power lines. It's too dangerous.
A. not fly
B. not to fly
C. not flying
D. to not fly

3、            interesting lecture Doctor Ray gave us just now!
A. What
B. What a
C. What an
D. How

4、Middle school students usually have            one-day spring outing in April or May.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /

5、            the morning of April 1st, Tracy played a joke on her best friend on the phone.
A. On
B. In
C. At
D. To

6、In old times the messages were relayed from one place to            .
A. other
B. others
C. the other
D. another

7、In the past 10 years, the American artist            many wonderful cartoon characters.
A. created
B. has created
C. was creating
D. had created

8、—Jack, could you tell me            for travelling this summer?
—We plan to go to Hainan.
A. where your family would go
B. where would your family go
C. how your family will go
D. where your family will go

9、Though Michael has failed in the contest, he will try it            more times.
A. little
B. a little
C. few
D. a few

10、Would you mind            me who is going to make the opening speech at the ceremony?
A. tell
B. tells
C. to tell
D. telling

11、Sorry for the inconvenience, for the workers            the museum at the moment.
A. are repairing
B. were repairing
C. repaired
D. have repaired

12、My son didn't spend            money as his friends did on games.
A. much
B. as much
C. more
D. most

13、The West Lake looks pretty            in the moonlight. I often take a walk around it.
A. wonderfully
B. well
C. beautiful
D. famous

14、            from tall buildings is against the law. Someone may be badly hurt.
A. Throw
B. Throwing
C. Throws
D. Threw

15、While walking along the river, you can see many big trees on        side.
A. both
B. none
C. either
D. all

16、—        did our class teacher praise John just now?
— She praised him for his honesty. He found 500 yuan in the garden and handed it in.
A. How
B. What
C. Where
D. Why

17、Guests in the hotel            use the beach without extra pay.
A. can
B. must
C. should
D. need

18、I knew nothing of the murder case            I read the newspaper report last night.
A. when
B. because
C. until
D. since

19、When you leave the office, make sure            the air-conditioner is powered off.
A. if
B. when
C. whether
D. that

20、—A: We are going to have a barbecue in the countryside this Sunday.
—B:            
A. You are welcome.
B. Enjoy your time there.
C. That's all right.
D. It's hard to say.

二、选词填空（本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分）
21、　　The National Aquarium （水族馆）in Baltimore, Maryland, is home to nearly 20, 000 animals. Among them are seven bottle-nose dolphins: Jade, Spirit, Maya, Bayley, Chesapeake, Beau and Foster. All seven were born in aquariums and none has known life in the      1      .
　　But soon, the aquarium will make a big      2      . It has planned to transfer the dolphins to a sanctuary（庇护所）that's more like their natural habitat（栖息地）. "We really are creating a new      3      for how humans and dolphins interact（互动）, " says Leigh Clayton, the aquarium's director of animal health and welfare.
　　New technology, like drones, has allowed scientists to track dolphins in the ocean. The technology has helped scientists know how      4      the animals really are outside the aquarium. Dolphins dive down hundreds of feet and travel up to 100 miles a day. They use echolocation, or reflected sounds, to explore. They interact with other animals. Dolphins can't do those things in aquariums.

22、Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once（将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每个单词或词组只能填一次）：
　　"Suppose you're the nicest trainer in the world and you love your animals. If you put them in tanks, they're going to become what amounts to（等同于）couch potatoes, " says an animal expert in Washington, D.C. "They're not going to get the      1      they need to be healthy. They're going to be bored."
　　The aquarium has set a 2021 deadline to find the       2       spot to release the dolphins either off the coast of Florida or in the Caribbean—one where the water is warm, the area is protected and the climate is calm.
　　But now, that 2021 plan is no longer possible, according to John Racanelli, the aquarium's CEO. And that's due in large part to a factor       3       its control: climate change.
　　"We have set a new date for the end of 2022, " said Racanelli. But he added the       4       for an appropriate location was still under way and might take longer.

三、语法填空（本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分）
23、The young man has already set up his own company in his early            . (thirty)

24、We should save water, one of the most important            resources in our daily life. (nature)

25、There goes a saying, "Fire is a good            , but a bad master."  (service)

26、Many people can't eat or drink dairy            like milk and cheese. (produce)

27、Not completely understanding the letter, James read it with a            expression on his face. (puzzle)

28、We now live            in a smart house on Kennedy road. (comfortable)

29、In modern society, people have to drive out of the town to            fresh air during holidays. (breath)

30、If someone            the school rules, he will be punished. (obey)

四、句型转换（本大题共7小题，每小题2分，共14分）
31、Mike has found a large amount of information on Chinese history.（对划线部分提问）
                        information has Mike found on Chinese history?

32、Jack hardly returns the library books and magazines on time.（改为反义疑问句）
Jack hardly returns the library books and magazines on time,                       ?

33、You should take a shower instead of a bath. You can save water.（合并为一句）
You should take a shower instead of a bath                        you can save water.

34、After he finished cleaning the room, he went shopping.（保持句意基本不变）
He            go shopping            he finished cleaning the room.

35、Alice takes charge of the office while the boss is on business. （保持句意基本不变）
Alice is                        the office while the boss is on business.

36、Once they figure out he is not the criminal, they will release him.（改为被动语态）
Once they figure out he is not the criminal, he will                       .

37、when went off I was using the computer the electricity .

五、阅读理解（本大题共6小题，每小题2分，共12分）
38、Choose the best answer.（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案。）
　　We hear many different sounds every day. While many of them are safe, sounds that are too loud and last too long can damage our hearing. This damage is called noise-included hearing loss (NHL噪声性听力损失).
　　NIHL may not be noticeable at first. However, it can TAL#NBSPbuildover time. Speech and music might start to sound unclear. It will be difficult for you to understand enjoyable—and important—sounds. There is, however, good news: You can always do something to protect your hearing.
Is the noise too loud?
　　The answer will be "Yes!" If…
◆   you find yourself speaking loudly or shouting so that people an arm's length away can hear you.
◆  you have trouble hearing someone talking in conversational volume when you are an arm's length away.
◆   the noise hurts your ears.
How do you measure sounds?
　　We measure sounds in units called decibels (dB). They work differently than other units. An increase of 10 dB seems about twice as loud to your ears, but it's ten times stronger! Since people can't hear all sounds, we often use A-weighed decibels (dBA) to measure sounds according to what human ears can actually hear.
How many decibels are too loud?
　　Wear hearing protection when the noise is at or above 85 dBA. Many devices（设备）that teens use today (such as music players) create noise levels at or about 85 dBA.

　　Install this app on your iOS mobile device to measure the sounds around you.
How can you protect your hearing?
◆ Wear hearing protection when it is necessary.
◆ Lower the volume.
　　Set your devices to low volumes.  Headphones can be 100 dBA at their highest volume!
◆ Move away from the nose.
　　The closer you are to the source of the sound, the louder the sound will be. Move away from it to lower the risk of damage to you hearing. At concerns stand or sit away from the speakers.
(1) By writing this article, the author mainly wanted to           .
A. explain what NIHL is
B. help people protect their hearing
C. encourage people to install the Sound Level App
D. show people the differences between dB and dBA
(2) The underlined word "build" in paragraph 2 means "          ".
A. spread
B. disappear slowly
C. gradually become stronger
D. make something by putting things together
(3) According to the picture, a leaf blower starts to cause hearing damage            after it begins to work.
A. 1 minute
B. 2 minutes
C. 14 minutes
D. 2 hours
(4) According to the article, in order to protect our hearing, we must           .
A. never sit inside a car
B. never use headphones
C. always speak in conversational volume
D. stand away from the source of the noise
(5) The Sound Level App can help us           .
A. know what NIHL is
B. understand the damage of loud noises
C. know if the sounds around us are too loud
D. understand enjoyable and important sounds
(6) We can learn from the article that           .
A. people are more likely to be affected by NIHL as they age
B. an 80-dB noise is ten times stronger than a 70-dB noise
C. many devices we use today can create a 110-dBA noise
D. loud noises that last only one minute cause little harm to our ears

六、完形填空（本大题共6小题，每小题2分，共12分）
39、　　Thailand's capital, Bangkok, is struggling to deal with dangerous air pollution.
　　Like many Asian cities, Bangkok      1      heavy air pollution. Much of the pollution comes from traffic. There are too many cars, tucks, motorcycles and other vehicles on the roads. Many of the vehicles are older or bun a kind of fuel that pollutes more.
　　There are also other causes, such as the burning of garbage, farmers clearing fields by burning, and pollution from factories and construction. Pollution often gets worse in January and February because there is not much wind, leaving the bad air      2      in the city.
　　One way to measure air pollution is the U.S. Air Quality Index (AQI), which goes from 0 to 500. Zero is"Good, " 150 is"Unhealthy, " and from 201 to 300 is "Very Unhealthy" range.
　　Bangkok has tried some unusual experiments to try to deal with the pollution. Last week, the government used 12 drones—small aircraft that can be controlled from the ground—to spray（喷洒）water over an area of the city. They hoped that the water drops would gather dust as they fell,      3      it from the air.
　　The city also used strong water guns to try and get more dust out of the air. The government says that spraying helped, but many experts don't believe it has much      4      .
　　Many people      5      that the government's actions are only short-term solutions and won't do much to really solve the problem.
　　The pollution level has now dropped from "Very Unhealthy" to simply "Unhealthy".      6      that's a step in the right direction, things may get worse next week as Thailand celebrates its Lunar New Year. Those celebrations usually include lots of extra smoke from fireworks and incense（香）.
A. suffers fromB. keeps fromC. benefits fromD. leans from
A. livedB. trappedC. floatedD. blown
A. turningB. stoppingC. changingD. removing
A. effectB. differenceC. resultD. cause
A. praiseB. complainC. guessD. prove
A. ThoughB. SinceC. IfD. Unless

七、首字母填空（本大题共17小题，共24分）
40、
　　Every parent wants their children to grow up healthy and strong in the place where they deserve to feel safest: at home. The good news is that there are simple and easy s     1      that families can take to protect their children.
Water Safety
　　● Actively supervise children in and around water. Avoid distractions（分散注意力）of any kind, such as reading or talking on the phone.
　　● Once bath time is over, immediately drain the tub. Keep toilet lids closed and keep doors to bathrooms and laundry rooms closed to p     2      drowning.
　　● Every child is different, so enroll children in swimming lessons when you feel they are ready. Teach young children from an early age not to go near or in water w     3      an adult. Older children should swim with a partner, every time.

Safety from Fire
　　● For the best protection, install smoke a     4      on every level of your home, especially near sleeping areas. Test batteries every six months.
　　● Create and practice a home fire e     5      plan with two ways out of every room. In the event of a fire, leave your home immediately. Once you're out of the house, stay out.
　　● Keep anything that can catch fire, such as dish towels or wooden spoons, away from your stovetop. Have a fire extinguisher in the kitchen in case of emergency, and make sure you know how it works.
Electricity Safety
　　● Teach children that water and electricity don't m     6     . This means telling them not to take plugged in electrical items like music players and heaters into bathrooms, kitchens, pool areas or other places where there is water.
　　● Remind children never to touch electrical things with wet hands as they can get an electric shock. When they get out of the bath or shower, they need to dry everything thoroughly b     7      touching electrical equipment, power plugs and switches.

41、The c           symbol for water is H2O.

42、Children m           more to their parents than anything else in the world.

43、The police officer shouted "F          !" and the man dropped the gun.

44、It's impolite of the little boy to b           very badly towards the guests.

45、You'll just have to be p            and wait till I finish my work.

46、They tried to t           the police into thinking they had left the country, but failed.

47、A thick smoke f           the room, so the boy had difficulty breathing.

48、T           the heat of the water before getting in.

49、I believe that teachers will never be r           by computers in the classroom.

50、It's hard to i           what life will be like in the year 2060.

八、任务型阅读（本大题共6小题，每小题2分，共12分）
51、 　　My Penfriend is a Tree!
　　Now, people can write emails to trees in Melbourne, Australia. In 2013, each tree in the city was given its own email address. Since then, the trees have received more than 3,000 emails.
　　These letters come from places as far away as Russia, Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Brazil and China. Some letters thank the trees for providing oxygen. Some are written by children. Many of them ask the trees, "How do you feel when your leaves fall off?" "How old are you?" is another question commonly asked. Some people also send their own photos to the trees.
　　The most emailed tree is a Golden Elm on the busy Punt Road. Many people think the tree looks very magical. "Do you remember me? I used to drive by you every day." wrote a person called L. "You are my favorite tree, even though you make me stoop over（俯身）during my morning run—you have grown too big!" emailed another to the Golden Elm.
　　Sometimes, the trees may "respond" to questions in the emails. "So glad to be liked. I am lucky to be well looked after," the Golden Elm wrote in response to one letter.
　　The project was started by an environmental organization in Melbourne. The aim is to protect trees in the city. Melbourne has long been considered as Australia's "garden city." However, there have been drought and serious water problems in the city for more than a decade. As a result, hundreds of trees there are now in danger. With this project, more and more people are paying attention to the trees and the protection of them.
(1) When did the project of writing emails to trees start?
(2) Why do some people write letters of thanks to the trees?
(3) Who do you think answered the questions in the emails?
(4) What has caused hundreds of trees in Melbourne in danger?
(5) What is the purpose of starting this project?
(6) What do you think of the project? Why?

九、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共10分）
52、　　Suppose there is a similar project in Shanghai. Write a letter of at least 60words to a tree in the city.（以 "A letter to a tree" 为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。）
　　"My Penfriend is a Tree!" 一文介绍了在澳大利亚墨尔本开展的一项环保活动，给城市中的一棵树写一封邮件。假设现在在我们生活的城市上海也开展了此项活动，你有什么心里话想对城市中的某一棵树诉说？你可以向它提出感兴趣的问题、表达感谢、分享你们之间的故事等，在信中你可以畅所欲言。
　　注意：
　　①短文中不得出现任何人名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。
　　②抄袭阅读原文内容不得分。
　　The following is for reference only.（以下表达仅供参考）
　　●how do you feel when…?
　　●thank you for…
　　●provide…with…


1 、【答案】 C;
【解析】 考查音标。A.average的音标为[ˈævərɪdʒ]；B.fact的音标为[fækt]；C.nature的音标为[ˈneɪtʃə(r)]；D.habit的音标为[ˈhæbɪt]。结合各选项的音标分析，可知nature的划线部分发音和别的选项不同。故答案为C。
2 、【答案】 B;
【解析】 考查固定搭配。句意：我父母警告过我不要在电线附近放风筝。太危险了。warn sb. not to do sth. 意为 "警告某人不要做某事" ，固定搭配。故答案为B。
3 、【答案】 C;
【解析】 考查感叹句。感叹句分为what和how引导的感叹句。what引导的感叹句的结构为“What+a/an+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！”或者“What+（形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！”。how引导的感叹句的结构为“How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！”。结合句子可知，句子应该是what引导的感叹句。可数名词lecture表示“课”。形容词interesting是读音元音开头的单词，所以冠词要用an。故答案为：C。
4 、【答案】 A;
【解析】 句意：中学生通常在四月或五月有一天的春游。考查冠词用法。根据语境可知，此处表示数量为“一”，表示泛指一天的春游，所以用a或者an来修饰，one-day首字母o的音素为辅音音素，故用不定冠词a，故答案选A。
5 、【答案】 A;
【解析】 考查介词。句意：4月1日上午，特蕾西在电话里和她最好的朋友开了个玩笑。根据句子结构可知，空后的名词为the morning of April 1st，是具体某一天的上午，因此空格处应填介词on。故选：A。
6 、【答案】 D;
【解析】 考查不定代词。from one… to another意为 "从一个……到另一个" 。句意：在古代，信息从一个地方传递到另一个地方。故选D。
7 、【答案】 B;
【解析】 考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的十年中，美国的艺术家们创造出了很多优秀的卡通形象。根据题干中的In the past 10 years，在过去的10年中，为现在完成时的标志。故选B。
8 、【答案】 D;
【解析】 考查宾语从句。句意：—杰克，你能告诉我今年夏天你们全家去哪里旅游吗？—我们计划去海南。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句，应该用陈述语序，所以排除B，根据答句"We plan to go to Hainan"可知，表示地点，且是将来发生的事情，所以应该用一般将来时，所以排除A、C。故答案为D。
9 、【答案】 D;
【解析】 考查形容词辨析。句意：虽然迈克尔在比赛中失败了，但他会再试几次。根据句意 "虽然迈克尔在比赛中失败了，但他会再试几次" 和语法可知，修饰可数名词的复数形式times不能用little和a little，排除选项A、B；little和few表示否定意思，排除选项A、C，选项D正确。故选：D。
10 、【答案】 D;
【解析】 考查固定搭配。句意：你介意告诉我谁将在典礼上致开幕词吗？mind doing something 固定短语，意为 "介意做某事" 。Would you mind doing something? 固定句型，意为 "你介意做某事吗？" 故选D。
11 、【答案】 A;
【解析】 考查动词时态辨析。句意：很抱歉给您带来不便，因为工作人员此刻正在维修博物馆。repair意为 "修理，修复" 。根据时间状语 "at the moment" 可知表示此时此刻正在做的事，用现在进行时，结构为be+doing。故答案为：A。
12 、【答案】 B;
【解析】 考查固定句式。句意：我儿子没有像他的朋友一样在游戏上花钱。as…as和……一样。故选B。
13 、【答案】 C;
【解析】 考查形容词。句意：西湖在月光下非常美丽。我经常绕着它散步。A.wonderfully 精彩地；B.well 好地；C.beautiful 美丽的；D.famous 著名的。look是系动词，后跟形容词作表语，所以排除A、B；根据句意可知，此处表示西湖在月光下看起来很美丽，famous不符合语境。故答案为C。
14 、【答案】 B;
【解析】 考查动词。句意：从高楼上扔东西是违法的。有人可能会受重伤。此句为动名词作主语，故采用动词ing形式。故答案为：B。
15 、【答案】 C;
【解析】 考查不定代词辨析。句意：当沿着河边散步时，在河的两边你都能看见许多大树。both（两者）都；none（三者以上）都不；either（两者之间）任何一个；all（三者以上）都。根据前文 "While walking along the river（当沿着河边散步时）" 及常识可知，河都是有两边，排除B和D选项；both后接复数名词，either后接单数名词，而原文空格后side是单数名词，所以空格处填either。故选C。
16 、【答案】 D;
【解析】 句意：——我们班老师刚才为什么表扬约翰？——她称赞他诚实。他在花园里找到500元，然后交了上去。考查特殊疑问句。How怎样；What什么；Where哪里；Why为什么；根据句意理解及后句的回答She praised him for his honesty.可知，这里表达的是“为什么”，故选D。
17 、【答案】 A;
【解析】 考查情态动词。句意：在这家酒店的客人们可以免费享受海滩。can可以；must必须；should应该；need需要。根据语境，此处指的是在酒店的客人们 "可以" 享受的待遇。can意为 "可以，能够" 。故选A。
18 、【答案】 C;
【解析】 考查连词及状语从句。句意：直到昨晚读到报纸上的报道，我才知道这起谋杀案。A项意为 "当……的时候" ；B项意为 "因为" ；C项意为 "直到" ；D项意为 "自……以来" ；分析句意可知空处应填入until，故选C。
19 、【答案】 D;
【解析】 考查固定句型。句意：当你离开办公室时，一定要关掉空调。根据句意和空前的结构，可联想到固定句型make sure that。故选：D。
20 、【答案】 B;
【解析】 考查情景交际。句意：—这个星期天我们要去乡下烧烤。—玩得开心。A.You are welcome. 不客气；B. Enjoy your time there. 玩得开心；C. That's all right. 没关系；D. It's hard to say. 很难说。根据"We are going to have a barbecue in the countryside this Sunday."可知，此处表示“祝福对方玩得开心”。故答案为B。
21 、【答案】 D;C;B;A;
【解析】 1. 考查名词词义和固定搭配。句意：这7只海豚都是在水族馆里出生的，没有一只在野外生活过。wild意为“野外”，in the wild是固定搭配，意为“在野外”。根据前文句意可知，这里填写wild符合题意，故答案为D。
2. 考查名词词义。句意：但很快，水族馆将采取重大行动，它计划将海豚转移到一个更像它们自然栖息地的保护区。move意为“行动”，指后文中提到的海豚转移行动，符合题意。故答案为C。
3. 考查名词词义。句意：我们在创造一个人类和海豚互动的新模式。根据空前的不定冠词a 可知，这里应该填写一个名词。model意为“模式”，符合句意。故答案为B。
4. 考查形容词词义。句意：这项技术帮助科学家了解了这些动物在水族馆之外到底有多活跃。active意为“活跃的”，符合题意，故答案为A。
22 、【答案】 E;B;A;D;
【解析】 1. 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空白处应该是名词作宾语。结合后置定语they need to be healthy可知，空白处应该是指锻炼。句意：他们不会得到保持健康所需的锻炼。故答案为E。
2. 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空白处应该是形容词修饰spot。perfect spot，完美地点。句意：水族馆设定了 2021 年的最后期限，以寻找在佛罗里达海岸或加勒比海地区放生海豚的理想地点——那里水温温暖、该地区受到保护且气候平静。故答案为B。
3. 考查介词。结合空后宾语its control可知，空白处应该是指超越。beyond its control，无法控制。句意：这在很大程度上是由于一个无法控制的因素：气候变化。故答案为A。
4. 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空白处应该是名词作宾语从句的主语。search for，寻找。句意：但他补充说，寻找合适地点的工作仍在进行中，可能需要更长的时间。故答案为D。
23 、【答案】 thirties;
【解析】 考查年龄表达法。句意：这个年轻人在他三十出头的时候就已经成立了自己的公司。in one's+整十的复数，表示在某人几十岁时。故答案为：thirties。
24 、【答案】 natural;
【解析】 考查形容词。句意：我们应该节约用水，水是我们日常生活中最重要的自然资源之一。resources是名词，空格处应用形容词作定语，nature的形容词形式是natural，故答案为：natural。
25 、【答案】 servant;
【解析】 本题考查名词。根据句意：俗话说：“火是善仆，也是恶主。”servant为名词，表示“仆人”。故答案为：servant。
26 、【答案】 products;
【解析】 考查词性转换。句意：许多人不能吃或喝乳制品，如牛奶和奶酪。空格处充当宾语，动词produce意为“生产，制造”，对应的名词为product“产品”，可数名词，此处表示泛指用复数形式。故答案为：products。
27 、【答案】 puzzled;
【解析】 考查形容词。考查形容词。句意：詹姆斯看不懂这封信，脸上带着困惑的表情。根据句意和句子结构可知，这里应该改所给动词puzzle，意为，迷惑，为形容词puzzled，意为，感到迷惑的，来说明James本身感到困惑，而不是他的表情令人困惑。故答案为：puzzled。
28 、【答案】 comfortably;
【解析】 考查副词。句意：我们现在舒适地住在肯尼迪路的一幢智能房子里。根据句意和句子结构可知，这里应该改所给形容词comfortable，意为，舒适的，为副词comfortably，舒适地，来修饰空前的动词live。故答案为：comfortably。
29 、【答案】 breathe;
【解析】 考查动词原形。句意：在现代社会，人们不得不在假期开车出城呼吸新鲜空气。根据句子结构可知，空前为不定式的标志to，因此空格处应填动词原形，所以改所给名词breath，意为，呼吸，为动词breathe，意为，呼吸。故答案为：breathe。
30 、【答案】 disobeys;
【解析】 考查主将从现。句意：如果有人违反校规，他将受到惩罚。if引导的条件状语从句遵循主将从现，此处用一般现在时表将来，不定代词someone看作单数，谓语动词用三单形式；动词obey意为 "遵守" ，根据be punished可知是不遵守，用其反义词disobey "违反，不服从" 。故答案为：disobeys。
31 、【答案】 How;much;
【解析】 考查特殊疑问句。根据划线部分： "a large amount of" 可知此处是对数量进行提问，需用how many/much；又因information，信息，为不可数名词，所以用much。句意：Mike找到多少关于中国历史的信息了？故答案为：How ; much。
32 、【答案】 does;he;
【解析】 考查反义疑问句。陈述部分包含否定词hardly "几乎不" ，疑问部分应用肯定；returns为实义动词第三人称单数形式，疑问部分应用助动词does；Jack用he代替。句意：杰克几乎不按时归还图书馆的书和杂志，是吗？故答案为：does he。
33 、【答案】 so;that;
【解析】 考查从属连词。句意：你应该淋浴而不是泡澡。你可以节约用水。题干为两个简单句，从逻辑上来说淋浴更利于节约水，可以用从属连词so that引导目的状语从句。故答案为：so that。
34 、【答案】 didn't;until;
【解析】 考查近义替换。句意：他打扫完房间后去买东西了。他直到打扫完房间才去买东西。用not…until "直到……才" ；原句时态为一般过去时，改动后not可以与助动词did缩写为didn't。故答案为：didn't；until。
35 、【答案】 responsible;for;
【解析】 考查同义短语转换。句意：老板出差时，爱丽丝主管办公室事务。本题考查的是“takes charge of 主管，负责”的同义短语。空格前有be动词is，空格有两个，本题应用常用短语 “be responsible for”。故答案为：responsible；for。
36 、【答案】 be;released;
【解析】 考查被动语态。句意：一旦他们发现他不是罪犯，他就会被释放。一般将来时的被动语态为will be done；动词release "释放" 的过去分词为released。故答案为：be ；released。
37 、【答案】 When I was using the computer the electricity went off.;
【解析】 考查主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句，句意：我正在用电脑的时候停电了。 故该句子为：When I was using the computer the electricity went off.
38 、【答案】 (1) B;
(2) C;
(3) D;
(4) D;
(5) C;
(6) B;
【解析】 (1) 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何判断噪音是否过大、如何测量声音、如何界定噪音以及如何保护听力。
主旨大意题。文章主要科普了NIHL噪声性听力损失，以及如何保护听力，所以作者主要是想帮助人们保护听力。A、C、D选项均是文章提到的部分内容，不是作者的主要目的。故答案为B。
(2) 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段第二句 "While many of them are safe, sounds that are too loud and last too long can damage our hearing" 可知，虽然其中许多声音是安全的，但声音太大且持续时间过长会损害我们的听力。所以推测此处的build一词的意思是 "逐渐变强" 。故答案为C。
(3) 细节理解题。根据图片中的内容 "90 dBA, Leaf blower, 2 hour can cause damage" 可知，吹叶机在开始工作2小时后开始造成听力损伤。故答案为D。
(4) 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段前两句 "The closer you are to the source of the sound, the louder the sound will be. Move away from it to lower the risk of damage to you hearing." 可知，为了保护我们的听力，我们必须远离噪音源。故答案为D。
(5) 细节理解题。根据文章How many decibels are too loud?中的 "Install this app on your iOS mobile device to measure the sounds around you" 可知，安装升级应用程序可以测量我们周围的声音是否太大声。故答案为C。
(6) 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句 "However, it can TAL#NBSPbuild over time" 可知，随着时间的推移，人们更有可能受到 NIHL 的影响。A表述错误；根据文章How do you measure sounds?中的 "An increase of 10 dB seems about twice as loud to your ears, but it's ten times stronger!" 可知，增加10 dB实际上是强了十倍！所以80-dB 的噪音比 70-dB 的噪音强十倍。B表述正确；根据文章Lower the volume.中的 "Headphones can be 100 dBA at their highest volume!" 可知，耳机的最高音量可以达到 100 dBA！C表述错误；根据文章第一段第二句 "sounds that are too loud and last too long can damage our hearing" 可知，声音太大且持续时间过长会损害我们的听力。D表述错误。故答案为B。
39 、【答案】 A;B;D;A;B;A;
【解析】 1. 本文主要讲述了曼谷空气污染的现状以及政府的应对措施，然而，这一系列的措施并没有让民众满意，只是短期的实施方案。
考查动词词组辨析。A. suffer from遭受；B. keep from阻止；C. benefit from受益于；D. learn from从……中学到。句意：和许多亚洲城市一样，曼谷也遭受着严重的空气污染。根据后文heavy air pollution可知，曼谷也存在着严重的空气污染，suffer from符合语境。故答案为A。
2. 考查动词辨析。A. live居住；B. trap使……陷入险境或困境；C. float漂浮、浮动；D. blow吹。句意：污染往往会在1月和2月变得更严重，因为没有太多的风，让糟糕的空气滞留在城市里。根据前文there is not much wind可知，没有风吹走糟糕的空气，因此污染被滞留了。故答案为B。
3. 考查动词辨析。A. turn转变；B. stop停止；C. change改变；D. remove去除、移开。句意：他们希望水滴下落时能聚集灰尘，将其从空气中除去。根据句意可知，remove符合语境。故答案为D。
4. 考查名词辨析。A. effect影响；B. difference不同之处；C. result结果；D. cause原因、理由。句意：政府说喷洒有帮助，但许多专家不相信它有多大作用。根据前文much可知，空格处为不可数名词，专家们不相信它能起多大的影响。故答案为A。
5. 考查动词辨析。A. praise表扬、赞赏；B. complain抱怨；C. guess猜测；D. prove证明。句意：许多人抱怨政府的行动只是短期的解决方案，并不能真正解决问题。根据that后文描述的内容可知，此处为人们的抱怨。故答案为B。
6. 考查连词辨析。A. though虽然、尽管；B. since自从、因为；C. if如果；D. unless除非、如果不。句意：尽管这是朝着正确的方向迈出的一步，但随着泰国下周庆祝农历新年，情况可能会变得更糟。根据句意可知，空格处为although引导的让步状语从句。故答案为A。
40 、【答案】 steps;prevent;without;alarms;event;match;before;
【解析】 1. 考查名词。句意：好消息是，家庭可以采取简单易行的步骤来保护他们的孩子。分析句子结构可知，空白处应该是名词作谓语take的宾语。take step，采取措施。结合空前there are可知，空白处应该是可数名词复数形式。故答案为：steps。
2. 考查动词。句意：保持马桶盖关闭，并保持浴室和洗衣房的门关闭以防止溺水。分析句子结构可知，空白处应该是动词构成to do句型作目的状语。结合空后宾语drowning可知，空白处应该是指防止。故答案为：prevent。
3. 考查介词。句意：从小就教导幼儿不要在没有成人陪伴的情况下靠近或进入水中。分析句子结构可知，空白处应该是介词。结合空后宾语an adult可知，空白处应该是指没有。故答案为：without。
4. 考查名词。句意：为了获得最佳保护，请在家中的每一层安装烟雾警报器，尤其是靠近睡眠区的地方。分析句子结构可知，空白处应该是名词作宾语。结合空前谓语install可知，空白处应该是指报警器。smoke alarm，烟雾报警器。结合空后on every level of your home可知，空白处应该是可数名词复数形式。故答案为：alarms。
5. 考查名词。句意：制定和实践家庭火灾事件计划，每个房间有两条出路。分析句子结构可知，空白处应该是名词作谓语Create and practice的宾语。结合后文In the event of a fire可知，空白处应该是指事件。故答案为：event。
6. 考查动词。句意：教育孩子水电不相配。分析句子结构可知，空白处应该是动词。结合后文This means telling them not to take plugged in electrical items like music players and heaters into bathrooms, kitchens, pool areas or other places where there is water可知，这里是讲水和电不能碰到。match，相配。故答案为：match。
7. 考查介词。句意：当他们离开浴缸或淋浴间时，他们需要在接触电气设备、电源插头和开关之前彻底擦干所有物品。分析句子结构可知，空白处应该是介词。结合前文Remind children never to touch electrical things with wet hands as they can get an electric shock可知，不能用湿手接触带电的东西，所以要在接触带电的东西之前擦干水分。故答案为：before。
41 、【答案】 chemical;
【解析】 考查形容词。句意：水的化学符号是H2O。根据句尾的H2O和首字母c提示，可联想到形容词chemical，意为，化学的，来修饰空后的名词symbol。故答案为：chemical。
42 、【答案】 matter;
【解析】 考查动词和一般现在时。句意：孩子对父母来说比世界上任何东西都重要。根据句意和首字母m提示，可联想到动词matter，意为，要紧，再根据语境可知，本句的时态为一般现在时，且空前主语为Children，是复数形式，因此后面的谓语动词用原形即可。故答案为：matter。
43 、【答案】 Freeze;
【解析】 考查动词。句意：警察喊道 "不许动！" ，那人扔掉了枪。警察喊的话为祈使句，应用动词原形；freeze意为 "停住不动，冻住" 。故答案为：Freeze。
44 、【答案】 behave
;
【解析】 考查动词原形。句意：那个小男孩对客人表现得很不好，这是很不礼貌的。根据句子结构可知，空前为不定式的标志to，因此空格处应填动词原形，再根据句意和首字母b提示，可联想到动词behave，意为，表现。故答案为：behave。
45 、【答案】 patient;
【解析】 考查形容词。句意：你得耐心等我完成我的工作。根据句意和首字母p提示，可联想到形容词patient，意为，有耐心的，作空前系动词be的表语。故答案为：patient。
46 、【答案】 trick;
【解析】 考查动词。句意：他们努力哄骗警察，想让警察以为他们已经出国了，但失败了。try to do sth.意为 "尽力做某事" ，trick sb. into doing sth.意为 "诱骗某人做某事" 。故答案为：trick。
47 、【答案】 filled;
【解析】 考查动词时态。句意：房间里弥漫着浓烟，所以男孩呼吸困难。分析句子成分结构可知，本空应填动词作谓语。又根据句意和首字母提示可知，本空应填fill。根据“so the boy had difficulty breathing”可知，此处应采用一般过去时，所以本空应填filled。故答案为：filled。
48 、【答案】 Test;
【解析】 考查祈使句。句意：在下水之前先测试一下水温。根据句意和首字母T提示，可联想到动词原形Test，意为，测试，构成祈使句。故答案为：Test。
49 、【答案】 replaced;
【解析】 考查动词和被动语态。句意：我相信老师永远不会被教室里的电脑所取代。根据句意和首字母r提示，可联想到动词replace，意为，取代，再根据逻辑关系和空前的be可知，这里应该改为过去分词形式replaced，构成被动语态。故答案为：replaced。
50 、【答案】 imagine
;
【解析】 考查动词原形。句意：很难想象2060年的生活会是什么样子。根据句意和空前的结构，可联想到固定句型“It's +形容词+to do sth.”，意为，“做某事是怎么样的”，因此空格处应填动词原形，再根据句意和首字母i提示，可联想到动词imagine，意为，想象。故答案为：imagine。
51 、【答案】 (1) In 2013.
;
(2) Because trees provide us with oxygen.
;
(3) The environmental group's staff.
;
(4) Drought and serious water problems.
;
(5) The aim is to protect trees in the city.
;
(6) I think the project is good, because it helps protect the environment.（言之有理即可）
;
【解析】 (1) 文章大意：本文主要介绍了给树写信的项目。
细节理解题。根据文章中的第一段的第二句：In 2013, each tree in the city was given its own email address. 可知给树写邮件是从2013年开始的。故答案为：In 2013.
(2) 细节理解题。根据文章中的第二段的第二句：Some letters thank the trees for providing oxygen. 可知有些人要给树写感谢信是因为树木给我们提供了氧气。故答案为：Because trees provide us with oxygen.
(3) 推理判断题。根据文章中的最后一段的第一句：The project was started by an environmental organization in Melbourne. 可知该项目由墨尔本的一个环保组织发起。可以推断出可能是这个环保组织的工作人员回答了问题。故答案为： The environmental group's staff.
(4) 细节理解题。根据文章中的最后一段的第四句和第五句：However, there have been drought and serious water problems in the city for more than a decade. As a result, hundreds of trees there are now in danger. 可知这个城市一直有干旱和严重的水问题。结果，数百棵树现在处于危险之中。故答案为：Drought and serious water problems.
(5) 细节理解题。根据文章中的最后一段的第一句和第二句：The project was started by an environmental organization in Melbourne. The aim is to protect trees in the city.可知该项目由墨尔本的一个环保组织发起。目的是保护城市里的树木。故答案为：The aim is to protect trees in the city.
(6) 开放性问答题，言之有理即可。
52 、【答案】 A letter to a tree
Dear tree,
　　It is a great honor to have the opportunity to write to you. As a member of this city, I have a lot to say to you.
　　Do you have your own name? How do you feel when the wind blows down your leaves? Do you feel pain?
　　Thank you for providing us with oxygen and cooling. You are the guardian of the earth. Without you, there would be no comfortable environment.
;
【解析】 1.写作思路：这是给一棵树的邮件，应采用第一人称。本文采用经典的三段式。第一段写我有很多话想对树说；第二段写我感兴趣的问题；第三段写感谢树为地球环境做出的贡献。
2.重点句型：
a.It is a great honor to have the opportunity to write to you. 非常荣幸有机会给你写信。
b.blow down your leaves 吹落你的叶子；
c.Thank you for providing us with oxygen and cooling. 谢谢你为我们提供氧气和清凉。
d.the guardian of the earth 地球的卫士；
e.Without you, there would be no comfortable environment. 没有你，就没有舒适的环境。
3.其他可用句型：
a.It's +adj.+ for sb to do sth.
b.As for as I'm concerned… 就我个人而言……
c.What + 名词/名词短语 + 主谓！