2022-2023学年北京市八一教育集团高二下学期期中考试英语试卷（Word版含答案，无听力部分）

北京市八一教育集团2022-2023学年高二下学期期中考试

英    语

                                                                        2023.04

第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

One evening, Paul O’Sullivan felt bored in his Baltimore apartment. So he got on to Facebook to find out just how many others on the social network   1   his name. Moments later, dozens of Paul O’Sullivans from around the world filled his   2  . The then-27-year-old employee sent friend requests to them all.

Many of his fellow Paul O’Sullivans ignored him, but a few felt very   3   to pass up his invitation. Paul O’Sullivan from Rotterdam in the Netherlands says, “My first reaction was ‘Who is this guy and what does he want from me?’” So I thought about it for a while .” Ultimately, he couldn’t resist the unusual friend request. As Baltimore Paul scrolled through the profiles of the Paul O’Sullivans who accepted his invitation, he noticed something four of them have in common: They were all   4  . Wouldn’t it be funny if they formed a band called The Paul O’Sullivans? The other Pauls all   5   and they created a sort of musical assembly line. In March, they put on their first song about long-distance relationships. When Covid-19 slowly shut down the world, writing a song with someone across the ocean made them feel less   6  .

But just months later, Baltimore Paul began experiencing health issues that   7   him to take time off from making music. To make sure Baltimore Paul never felt alone,   8   with the miles between them, the other Pauls shared family pictures, chatted live on Instagram, and checked in on Baltimore Paul and on one another.

“What are the odds (机率),” says Baltimore Paul, that a random Facebook   9   would lead not only to new music but to   10   as well? “Some things are just meant to be.”

1. A. shared       B. called   C. mentioned  D. liked

2. A. mind    B. screen   C. apartment   D. time

3. A. cheerful   B. bored    C. curious       D. disappointed

4. A. musicians   B. writers   C. employees  D. workers

5. A. applied    B. clapped   C. gathered   D. agreed

6. A. confused   B. addicted   C. injured    D. trapped

7. A. reminded   B. forced   C. taught   D. allowed

8. A. still    B. only     C. even    D. just

9. A. request    B. page    C. account   D. user

10. A. business   B. success   C. friendship   D. fame

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A

Edward O. Wilson, the “modern-day Charles Darwin”, damaged his right eye when he    11    (catch) a fish in the river near his home at seven. The poor eyesight only allowed him to observe small    12    (creature), like ants. Interested in the selflessness of ants, which would sacrifice    13    (them) for their colony (群体), Wilson developed a theory, confirming the existence of altruistic (利他的) behavior in a wide range of species. It made him influential as both a close observer and a pioneering theorist.

B

Athletes are not only competitors, but good friends—that’s a main attraction of the Olympics. That’s    14    athletes send best wishes to their competitors, even if they have themselves lost. As competitors they compete for gold, but as friends they work together to challenge limits. The hugs received from other competitors are always remarked in the Games because the true Olympic spirit is    15    victory and national boundaries. Winning a medal is definitely important, but one needs a golden heart to cope with all the difficulties on the field and still congratulate their competitors. That’s what makes the Olympics    16    (attract).

C

    The successful cloning of primates has led to worldwide praise as a huge breakthrough    17    might lead to cures for various diseases. Also it may offer clues on how to prevent the aging     process. However, cloning    18    (continue) to be an issue causing a great deal of disagreement. Some people raise moral concerns. They believe it is bound    19    (lead) to cloning of other species and they worry about the ethical questions this raises. Furthermore,    20    (view) as mere copies of originals, clones may be seen as inferior. Finally, they worry that some organizations may abuse the technology for unethical purposes.

第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

A

Nia’s family moved often, finding shelter in rooms with relatives. Tensions rose with every move and shouting matches were constant. When everything came to a boil, Nia found it best to keep silent. She became more and more withdrawn as she got older, losing confidence in herself and her voice.

When she was a young adult, Nia had developed a fear of speaking. So when a friend told her about YouthCare’s Tile Project, she was terrified. But Nia wanted to take steps to find a job and support herself. She finally took a deep breath and decided to give it a shot.

Nia signed up for a ceramic (陶瓷) class. The passion she gained for learning a new craft was clear-but when it came to group activities in the classroom, Nia struggled. She told staff that she didn’t like being around people she didn’t know. So when the class was given the opportunity to sell their artwork at a local fair, Nia hesitated. With the support from YouthCare Career Coordinator, Kate, she cautiously agreed.

When the big day came, shoppers poured into the fair, approaching Nia with questions about the program and art pieces for sale. Each time, Nia turned to Kate to whisper the answers in her ear, and Kate repeated the answers out loud. At one point during the fair, she was left alone for a moment. When a customer came up to ask a question, Nia answered with hesitation. Soon after, another visitor came. When Kate returned to her side, Nia fought back her fears and answered their questions on her own.

Nia’s confidence grew with every interaction. By the end of the day, she was beaming. “I was so impressed by Nia. She really loved explaining to customers how to fire ceramic,” said Kate, “The artwork she sold was the biggest sale of the day!”

That day at the fair was life-changing for Nia. She discovered that she truly enjoyed talking to others—especially about art! With continued support from staff to build communication skills and confidence, Nia completed the Tile Project with flying colors.

21. What made Nia finally decide to try the Project?

A. Her family atmosphere.        B. Her friend’s persuasion.

C. Her desire to find a job.  D. Her passion for ceramics.

22. The fair is life-changing for Nia because she ________.

A. discovered her interest in art        B. made the biggest sale in the fair

C. won the recognition of customers  D. gained confidence through interaction

23. What can we know about Nia?

A. She was forced to the fair. B. She did very well throughout the fair.

C. She finished the project successfully.        D. She was struggling in learning ceramic.

B

It is our mission to help busy but curious home cooks make the best purchase decisions. Now compile our informative lists below.

Kitchn

If you’re dedicated to learning the ins and outs of cooking and want a full program, Kitchn Cooking School offers an online course that includes 20 lessons over 20 days for only $30 each class.

Each day, a new topic is covered, starting with knife skills and ending with how to plan, cook and throw a dinner party. Most importantly, the instructors value the joy in cooking. The tone of Kitchn is light, playful, and fun, but still professional and very informative.

Udemy

With over 183,000 online courses available, Udemy offers a variety of cooking courses taught by instructors around the country.

Many videos come with bonus material that includes suggestions on kitchen tools and equipment. Udemy offers great deals with large sales on classes, as well as a selection of free content. Courses come with full, lifetime access when purchased and a 30-day, money-back guarantee. Prices generally range from $10 to $30.

Rouxbe

Widely recognized as the leading online cooking school among industry professionals, Rouxbe offers a wide array of individual lessons, plus their professional certificate programs.

Membership costs around $15 per month or $99 per year, but Rouxbe often offers discounts on their annual membership, as well as a 30-day free trial. So, if you’ve been struggling to come up with recipes to cook at home, Rouxbe is a fantastic resource that provides simple, quality professional guidance.

NYT

NYT is recognized for its food section and offers a large selection of instructional cooking videos online for all skill levels.

For those with specific dietary preferences, you can easily find what you’re looking for by selecting categories like dairy-free, low-carb, high fiber and more. Membership fee is around $5 per month or $40 annually for unlimited access. And, not to worry: You can cancel at any time.

24. Which one is most likely to attract vegetarians?

A. Kitchn.             B. Udemy.           C. Rouxbe.          D. NYT

25. What can we know from the passage?

A. Kitchn is recognized for its professional and informative style.

B. Udemy offers rich cooking courses by worldwide instructors.

C. Rouxbe is highly thought of by industry professionals.

D. NYT targets people with specific dietary preferences.

26. What do the four schools have in common?

A. They offer online courses.                   B. They allow special discounts.

C. They provide extra materials.                 D. They engage famous instructors.

27.What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To compare the cooking methods              B. To recommend cooking schools.

C. To promote home cooking skills.              D. To introduce cooking courses.

C

1There are no reported sightings of teenage elephants hesitantly sitting down at the family dinner table with earphones in place, occasionally giving one-word answers to parents’ questions.

But they do exhibit other behaviors many parents of human teens would recognize, said Moss, a researcher who has studied elephants in Kenya’s National Park for nearly five decades.

“They’re naïve (天真的). They have a lot to learn and they make mistakes,” Moss said.

This is particularly true for males. She explained: They ruin crops. They get shot. They die. “It’s just like young human males who drive too fast,” Moss said, “and the insurance companies know very well to make them pay higher insurance rates.”

Barbara Natterson, a Harvard biologist pointed out that adolescent animals frequently put themselves in danger intentionally. This behavior is seen throughout the animal world. The adults of any species may consider some actions of their young low-judgment and high-risk; however, these actions actually serve a purpose.

An example is a practice called “predator (捕食者) inspection” which means adolescent animals approach predators rather than run away. The trade-off for the danger is that they can watch, smell and learn about the predator. They gather all kinds of information that can keep them safer as adults.

The idea that adolescents are hard-wired to take these risks can help people understand human teens’ behavior.

“Teens seem driven to try new things and test boundaries in their own version of ‘predator inspection’,” Natterson said. “They try to have as many experiences as they can before they leave the nest.”

Another key aspect of adolescence is an increase in time spent wandering in groups. Adolescence is marked by high levels of peer pressure as well as near-disaster. Scientists have found that adolescents of all kinds are more likely to make dangerous moves while with peers.

Laurence Steinberg, a psychology professor at Temple University, found mice and human group adolescent behavior has something in common. He set up two experiments. One involved mice, half of which were adolescents, drinking ethanol-spiked (添加乙醇的) water. The other involved human teens playing a video game reproducing driving conditions.

“We found that in the presence of peers, adolescent mice drank more than they do when they’re alone,” Steinberg said, “and that the teenagers in the driving study also took more risks when others were around.”

2These findings fit with what Steinberg says is another multi-species adolescent quality: the desire to socialize.

“For the most part, adolescents, human and animal alike, prefer to be with other adolescents,” Steinberg said. “If I say teenagers are social animals, I think the word ‘animal’ is just as important in that sentence as the word ‘social’.”

Both Natterson and Steinberg hope their findings will help people who are raising adolescents.

28. According to Natterson, what is a risky but valuable action for adolescent animals?

A. Gathering information with the help of parents.

B. Challenging predators with other adolescents.

C. Observing an adult hunting a large animal.

D. Watching enemies’ behavior up close.

29. Steinberg’s experiments found ________.

A. peer pressure is more common in adolescent animals than in human teens

B. both adolescent animals and human teens are affected by peer pressure

C. adolescent animals are less likely to get drunk while with peers

D. teenagers are not willing to be sociable in the presence of peers

30. What does the underlined sentence mean?

A. Adolescent animals long to socialize with teenagers.

B. “Social” is a word that can be interpreted in different ways.

C. Socializing with peers is one quality that adolescents share.

D. The importance of socializing has been realized by teenagers.

D

Millions watch the Oscars every year, but I’m always interested in the Razzies (金酸梅奖), which recognize cinematic underachievement. For all the attention given to what we like, what we dislike can be just as important, interesting and empowering.

French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu saw dislike as snobbery (虚荣). He saw all judgments of taste, favorable or not, as performances of class. The rich could justify their place, he argued, by claiming to have more refined tastes. Knowing which literature or art to praise could signal to others their rightful place at the top of society. Oversimplified as his theory might be, it is not entirely wrong.

Furthermore, dislikes are often used as a way not to stand apart but to fit in. It means learning the unspoken rules of what’s OK to like or dislike, and to proclaim those likes or dislikes loudly for others to hear. 3When some of us swim against the social tide, we might be savvy (精明的) enough to label our likes as “guilty pleasures”, which both acknowledges the rules and apologizes for violating them.

In my research, though, I found that dislike isn’t just a form of snobbery.

We interviewed over 200 people, a diverse group in race, age, and social class. 4All the interviewees tended to actively dislike media content far more when they felt they couldn’t escape it. Many people can’t choose the radio station that’s playing at work, or what’s on TV at the bar. Moreover, some of us are subjected to more annoyance than others. Remote controls, for instance, have long been seen as a special right of dads, with women and kids given less power to change the channel. Everyone turns to media hoping for specific needs to be met, but those who have those needs realized less often are those who might dislike more often.

5Therefore, speaking about dislikes is an act of resistance--a refusal to allow public space to be conquered by the media content that doesn’t connect.

Dislike can certainly transform into anger or hate, but it may also take a more playful form. Sometimes we could see people joyfully watch the object of their dislike and offer a commentary of criticism, instead of tuning out and turning off. Why? Reveling in dislike can help regain control in a world that overwhelms everyone with content. Keeping the despised shows at hand rather than avoiding them can help the dislikers speak up in the court of public opinion. Or some might enjoy their dislikes as a way to avoid ruining certain relationships. Many of us can probably relate to the experience of having a friend who insists we watch something against our will.

What if, rather than resenting the show or the person, we simply embrace it in all of its embarrassing glory? By all means, pay attention to the advice to “ignore the haters”. But a lot can be learned by listening to the dislikers.

31. According to Paragraph 3, people label their likes as “guilty pleasures” when they ________.

A. take pride in their taste                     B. follow the mainstream

C. try to fit into a certain group                 D. set up the unspoken rules

32. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Exposure to unwanted media content intensifies people’s dislike.

B. Expressing dislike helps maintain one’s social relationships.

C. Learning about literature and art is an act of snobbery.

D. Dislikes can be found mostly among the rich.

33. What does the underlined phrase “Reveling in” in the text probably mean?

A. Showing concern for.                        B. Taking delight in.

C. Establishing connection to.                   D. Drawing lessons from.

34. What message does the author try to convey in this passage?

A. Staying away from the haters is a sensible means to avoid trouble.

B. We are encouraged to launch debates over hot issues in public.

C. The media should aim to meet the needs of different groups of audience.

D. Embracing our dislikes can be beneficial to some extent.

第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Sometimes in our life we face this problem: loved ones as well as strangers annoying us. At home, we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings, and family members on the computer all the time.   35    

Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever.    36    If we take kindness as a skill, making it a daily practice, it will come easier over time.

    37    Loving Kindness Meditation (默想) (LKM), which dates back to the time of its roots to early Buddhism, helps us find sympathy for one another even during trying times. The meditation asks us to send thoughts of loving kindness to loved ones, then to acquaintances (people you don’t know very well) and finally to challenging people. Over time, our unkind thoughts are replaced with more open, accepting ones. Anger is replaced by love, or at least kindness.

Donald Altman, a psychotherapist from Portland, Oregon, says LKM helps us recognize we are all weak and have been hurt.   38    

So how? To begin with, Altman suggests finding a quiet place to sit. He says to then imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words, “May you be well, happy and at peace.” After a few minutes, direct the words at yourself, “May I be well, happy and at peace.”    39    Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life. End the meditation by spreading the blessing to all living beings.

Indeed, we should find our own way toward LKM—but only if we are prepared to access its benefits and extend them to anyone who may need them.

A. The good news is that it isn’t lost.

B. Luckily, we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance.

C. At work, we’ve had to face the added pressure these demanding jobs create.

D. Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness.

E. For that reason, we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing.

F. You can combine the words with breathing, repeating a phrase of love for yourself.

G. Outside, we’ve encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway.

第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

    阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water.

Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions, but then struggled for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.

The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.

Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy altermatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).

Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.”

40. What did Tom witness at his own school?

41. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle?

42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.

43. Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why? (In about 40 words)

第二节 （20分）

假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。近期，你校英国外教Mr. Jenson 做了关于阅读方法的在线讲座，但还有一些困惑。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：

1. 表达感谢；

2. 说明你阅读中的困惑并寻求帮助。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Mr. Jenson,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

（请务必将作文写在答题纸指定区域内）

参考答案

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

1. A  2. B  3. C  4. A     5. D  6. D  7. B  8. C  9. A  10. C

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

11. was catching       12. creatures      13. themselves        14. why         15. beyond

16. attractive           17. which/that       18. continues/is continuing/has continued/has been continuing    19. to lead    20. viewed

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）

21. C   22. D    23. C   

24. D   25. C   26. A   27. B

28. D   29. B   30. C

31. C   32. A   33. B   34. D

第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 

35.G     36.A     37.B     38.E     39.D

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分）

【40~42语言错误扣分统一说明】

1. 正确写出关键信息且能达意2分，写出关键信息但有一处较严重的语法错误，如谓语动词、时态、关键词拼写错误，扣1分，不叠加；

2. 小错，如冠词，大小写，标点符号，不超过3处，扣0.5分， 3处及以上扣1分；语言错误扣分不超过1分。

40. Tom, (a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. 2分

41.

抄写原文：

（第二段第一句）Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions, (but then struggled for a take-along option). 2分

（第二段第二句）From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, (he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle.) 2分

（第一段最后一句）(He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate) from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused water. 2分

整合：（第二段的前两句）Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions (but struggled for a take-along option). 2分

42. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.

划线部分：1分 必须包含关键信息all/all the profits 1分，否则记0分

          all/all the profits/donates all the profits 1分

          donates all the profits to the OHG 1分

          but also donates all the profits to the OHG 1分

          整个because引导的状语从句划线记0分

注：如果划线错误或没有划线，解释部分记0分

解释部分：2分

仅改正错误部分：(According to the passage,) Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG. 2分

改正整个句子：(According to the passage,) Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates part of the profits to the OHG. 2分

43. 【审题】1 一个品质+理由；2 多个品质+理由

【评分设置】5/4/3/2/1/0    可给.5

【评分标准】

第二节 （共20分）

Dear Mr. Jenson,

I hope this email finds you well. I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the insightful lecture you delivered on reading methods. Thanks to your guidance, I have made progress in comprehending the essence of passages.

However, after applying the techniques you taught us in my own reading practice, I still have some difficulties. For example, when encountering unfamiliar words or phrases while reading English texts, how can I effectively understand their meanings without interrupting the flow of my reading? Also, how can I improve my speed and comprehension at the same time?

Could you kindly offer me some advice on how to tackle these issues? Your expertise and support would be greatly appreciated. Thank you for kind attention to my concerns.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua