高中英语高考七选五解题思路整理

高考英语七选五解题思路一、命题特点1.题型归纳完形填空和七选五有异曲同工之妙，完形填空填的是词，七选五填的是句子，但七选五在难度上要远远高于完形填空。七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，把握文章脉络。该题型在新课标卷出现以来均采用说明文。2.选材特点短文一般为300词左右的说明文或议论文，其中正文词数240左右，选项词数60左右。短文篇章结构常归纳为：提出问题——解决问题，一般不在首句设空。3.设空类型主旨句（标题类，主题句类）、过渡性句子（文章结构）、细节注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）二、解题步骤在高考的现场如果考生用大量的时间来彻底读懂文章的意思其实是不现实的，也是没有必要的，考生可以尝试用下面的步骤解题。1.先读文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题，然后仔细阅读五个空各自的前后句，寻找并画出关键词。2.要对文章中出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。衔接手段分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。可按这几个原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配。3.一旦确定一个选项，就要在该选项上做出标记（例如可以删掉），以避免干扰和分散注意力。4.将选项代入到文章中重读，依据行文逻辑，再次确定选项。三、几种高效的解题法1.词汇复现法复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。例1：...half of shoppers refused to queue for more than five minutes in a high street shop.The Internet, which allows shoppers to buy more goods, with just a click of the mouse, is one of the reasons why people’s patience appears to be thin.______A.It was typical in the past.B.But it would seem we are no longer prepared to wait in line.C.More people prefer to click the mouse for shopping at home.D.As a result, food and drink sellers are having to find new ways to deliver good customer service.答案：C解析：前面的内容讲述了由于网上购物只需要点点鼠标，所以人们的耐心减弱了，自然人们更加喜欢在家点鼠标购物。选项C与文中mouse是同词复现。例2：...On the other hand, the advantages of going overseas may include day-to-day opportunities to learn a new culture, meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language, and chances to see different parts of the world.______ Those disadvantages include expense, time away from one’s school, family,...A.The following are its advantages.B.However, there may be a number of disadvantages.C.Consider a distance education.D.Most of us are adapted to studying at school.答案：B解析：下一句具体解释disadvantages的内容，B项意思“然而，有很多的缺点”正好启下，B项中的disadvantages与下一句中的disadvantages属于同词复现。2.同范畴词出现同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。例3：Everybody gets stressed time to time.Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1)Get support.When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you.Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives.______ They might have had similar problems such as dealing with a test or the death of a beloved pet.A.Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.C.Different people feel stress in different ways.E.You need to figure out what the problem is.F.And don’t forget about your friends.答案：F解析：get support这一小点主要讲的是从可以相信的人身上得到支持，前面已经提到了父母、亲戚，可以相信的人还有朋友，父母、亲戚和朋友都是同范畴的人，是可以相信的人。3.代词线索英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例4：…______ They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, ...A.Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.B.He said that laughter is much healthier than anger.C.Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.答案：A解析：后面的They一定是指代前面一句话中提到的人，只有A项有具体的人“Doctors”，故选A项。4.逻辑关系线索(1)表示时间：now，then，afterwards，five minutes later，soon，before long，after that，meanwhile，to this day，just now，just then等。(2)表示顺序：first/firstly，first of all，second/secondly，next，third/thirdly，at first，at last，in the end，finally等。(3)表示递进关系：besides，also，what’s more，in addition，even more，once more，more over等。(4)表示因果关系：because，so，therefore，as a result，thanks to，because of，due to等。(5)表示转折关系：but，yet，however，while，on the contrary等。(6)表示条件关系：if，unless，as long as，so long as，on condition that等。(7)表示结果关系：thus，therefore，as a result，luckily，unfortunately等。(8)表示强调关系：above all，indeed，surely，certainly，of course，after all，at least，at most等。(9)表示过渡性插入语：generally speaking，I think，I hope，as you know等。(10)表示解释和说明：that’s to say，for example，actually，and so on，such as，believe or not，to tell the truth，according to，for this reason，in fact，in other words等。(11)表示比较对比：just like，just as，in the same way，more or less，sooner or later，on the other hand，instead等。(12)表示总结：in conclusion，in a word，in short，in the end等。例5：Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways.______ Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.A.You must write your notes on separate paper.B.There are three practical note-taking methods.C.First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.答案：C解析：根据第一句提到in several ways，以及空格后的Second，可以推断空格处是讲“第一种”，故选C项。例6：...This could be watching TV or listening to music.Doing some exercises earlier in the day should help you feel physically as well as mentally tired._______ However, coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake ...A.So, what’s a good sleep?B.A bedtime drink can also help.C.Having a good sleep will keep you lively the whole day.答案：C解析：后面一句中有However表示转折，后面一句的意思是“然而，咖啡或茶应该避免因为它们含有咖啡因，会让你保持清醒”。所以空格处意思与后面一句意思相反，故选C。