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江苏省新高考基地学校2022-2023高三下学期第五次大联考英语试题Word版含解析
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这是一份江苏省新高考基地学校2022-2023高三下学期第五次大联考英语试题Word版含解析，共26页。
2023届新高考基地学校第五次大联考
英语
注意事项
考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求。
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第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Which day did the woman get her laptop?
A. On New Year’s Day. B. On Singles’ Day. C. On her birthday.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: My son gave me a laptop. It’s a good birthday present, but I don’t know how to switch it on.
M: I got one on Singles’ Day. It took me until New Year’s Day to work out how to use it.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What did the man probably do yesterday?
A. He watched a film.
B. He went to a dinner party.
C. He saw a dance performance.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: John, did you end up going to the company dinner yesterday? I wish I could have gone, but I had to attend my daughter’s dance performance.
M: I actually ended up staying home. I was really tired and there was a good movie on TV.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When was the appointment due?
A. 60 minutes ago. B. 30 minutes ago. C. 15 minutes ago.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: The doctor can see you now, Mr. Smith. Sorry about the delay. Your appointment was for 11:30 a. m. , wasn’t it?
M: It was, but my train was half an hour late. It’s midday and I have just arrived.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman heat her house with?
A. Solar. B. Water. C. Electricity.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: I’m thinking of switching my home’s water heater to electric power. You have an electric one, right?
W: We still have that one for emergencies, but it’s not in use at the moment. Now we have the large glass panels that absorb sunlight. They save us a ton of money!
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the woman considering?
A. Living in her sister’s house.
B. Becoming a teacher.
C. Starting a family.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: I love to go to my sister’s house and play with her children.
M: Do you want to work with children when you graduate? I think you would be a great teacher.
W: No, but I will think about having children of my own one day.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. How did Julie get in touch with the woman today?
A. By phone. B. By email. C. In person.
7. What does the man urge the woman to do?
A. Call Julie. B. Watch a TV show. C. Put the book in her bag.
【答案】6. A 7. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Who was calling?
W: It was Julie, reminding me to take her book into school tomorrow.
M: Did you borrow it?
W: Yes, ages ago. I keep forgetting to take it. She told me and emailed me weeks ago, but I still forgot it.
M: Put it in your schoolbag now.
W: There’s a TV show I want to watch first.
M: No. Do it now or you’ll forget it again. You won’t miss the show. Julie must be very concerned about it if she was ringing you in the evening.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What happened to the man on his journey?
A. He was late arriving.
B. He couldn’t find his bags.
C. He lost his way to the destination.
9. How long has the man been traveling?
A. For 17 hours. B. For 20 hours. C. For 24 hours.
10. Why did the hotel change the man’s room?
A. He paid to have a better room.
B. The hotel has made a mistake.
C. He has experienced a tough time.
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Welcome, Mr. Barker. So I have you down for seven nights in Room 12, but I don’t see any bags.
M: Well, the airline has lost them somewhere. I had a connecting flight and they said I should have rechecked my bags in, but I’ve never had to do that. It’s the last thing I need to do after traveling for 20 hours.
W: No, normally they follow you all the way to your destination. Well, if you need anything, our shop is open 24 hours.
M: Yes, I might need some clothes. The airline said they would send the bags here once they found them. Could you have them sent straight to my room?
W: Certainly, sir. Because of all the difficulty you have had, I’ve put you in Room 17, which has its own pool.
M: Thank you. That`s very kind.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. What are the speakers playing?
A. An animal game. B. A car game. C. A war game.
12. What did the woman think of the driving game?
A. It was amusing. B. It was simple. C. It was violent.
13. Where are the speakers?
A. At a game center. B. At home. C. At school.
【答案】11. C 12. A 13. B
【解析】
【原文】W: We have played this game so often. Can’t we find another one?
M: This one is fun.
W: I don’t really enjoy war games. I like the one we used to play with the little animals. M: That’s a baby game. I don’t think I even have it on my computer.
W: What about the one where we drove cars around a town? That was funny
M: I’ll see if I can find it.
W: I wish we could meet up. Remember when we could be in the same house, playing a board game?
M: It seems a long time ago. Just think, we even used to play outside.
W: And we went to school…remember that?
M: They say we might be able to go back soon. The virus seems to be going away.
W: My school is saying it may open next week.
M: I haven’t heard from mine yet. My teachers haven’t said anything.
W: I hope we can. Learning from home was fun at first, but now I miss my classmates.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. What do we know about the man?
A. He is looking for a new house.
B. He hopes to fill an empty apartment.
C. He spent lots of money on changing his room.
15. What is the woman?
A. A home decorator. B. A furniture saleswoman. C. A painter.
16. What will the man buy?
A. A bed. B. Paintings. C. A sofa.
17. What is the woman’s main concern?
A. Cheap cost. B. High quality. C. Quick action.
【答案】14. B 15. A 16. A 17. B
【解析】
【原文】M: I don’t have a huge budget, but I really want to fill this brand new apartment and make it beautiful.
W: I have a lot of experience with these projects. Your budget is enough to get excellent quality and design.
M: Excellent. There’s nothing inside, but the space isn’t very big. Will it be difficult to get the furniture inside?
W: You’ll need to hire a moving team or at least get a big group of your friends to help you.
M: OK, first I need to bring in my bed, dressers, sofa, and desk.
W: I’ve measured your furniture, and everything will fit except your bed.
M: Hopefully I can find a new one that isn’t expensive.
W: I’d like to advise you to start with painting the different rooms and putting art on the walls. This will provide a brighter space and will increase the value if you ever wish to sell it.
M: Don’t worry about that. I plan to live here for a long time. Also, my girlfriend can give me some paintings for decoration.
W: I hope you understand that it’ll take more than a month to have your new place ready to live in.
M: If possible, I’d be happier if you could finish decorating sooner, but I can wait if it’s necessary.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
18. What is the main topic of the talk?
A. A camera-like insect.
B. An insect-like camera.
C. A power-saving battery.
19. What is the most unusual about the camera?
A. Its value. B. Its power. C. Its weight.
20. How did the researchers use their knowledge?
A. They created a robot.
B. They raised the insects.
C. They protected the privacy.
【答案】18. B 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【原文】Researchers have developed a tiny wireless camera that is light enough to be carried by insects. The team at the University of Washington in the US drew inspiration from the insects to create its low-powered camera system.
The research was published in the journal Science Robotics. The entire camera weighs just 250 milligrams, about a tenth of the weight of a playing card. It is put on a mechanical arm that can shift from side to side. That allows the camera to look side to side and scan the environment, just like an insect. To save battery life, the researchers included a device in the system so that it only takes photos when the insect is moving. This way, the camera was able to operate for six hours on a full charge. The insects were not harmed and lived for at least a year after the experiment. The researchers used what they had learned to produce an independent insect-sized camera robot. The team claims it is the world’s smallest robot with wireless vision. Shyam Gollakota, senior author of the research, acknowledged that tiny camera robots could introduce new privacy concerns.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Technology use in class
You will be allowed to use your favorite type of technology (e. g. , laptop, iPad) in class if you choose to do so, since some people prefer taking notes that way. If you decide to use it, please avoid distractions, like e-mail checking or accessing social media during class.
Academic integrity
You will be expected to be the author of the assignments you turn in for this course. Your papers will require you to draw upon existing research to inform and lend credibility (可信度) to your arguments. To credit the ideas of others properly, you must follow two main rules:
●Always cite the source of a finding, idea, or argument that is not your own, no matter how much rewording you have done.
●Always put the findings, ideas, and arguments you cite into your own words. If a direct quote is absolutely necessary, put the text in quotation marks (引号) and include a page number in your citation.
Absences and late assignments
You are expected to attend every class, since your participation in class will count towards your final grade. Students with excused absences will have a chance to complete missed class assignments (and participation) without punishment. Otherwise, class participation can only be completed during class. Assignments submitted after the deadline will be considered late assignments. Late assignments will be graded with ½ of the grade if submitted by no more than one week following the original deadline. If not submitted within one week following the original deadline, late assignments will not be graded.
21. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A school regulation. B. A college textbook. C. An exam paper. D. An academic article.
22. To achieve academic integrity, what are you expected to do?
A. Avoid assessing media during class. B. Submit your totally original work.
C. Present others’ ideas as your own. D. Cite others’ ideas in a proper way.
23. What will happen if you submit an assignment within one week after the due date?
A. You will be punished. B. You will get a half grade.
C. You will receive a zero. D. You will have to rewrite it.
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一所学校的学校规章制度。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Technology use in class(课堂上技术使用)”和“Academic integrity(学术诚信)”及“Absences and late assignments(旷课和迟交作业)”可推知，这篇文章可能是摘自学校规章制度。故选A。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Academic integrity(学术诚信)”中的“●Always put the findings, ideas, and arguments you cite into your own words. If a direct quote is absolutely necessary, put the text in quotation marks (引号) and include a page number in your citation.(把你引用的发现、想法和论点用自己的话表达出来。如果直接引用是绝对必要的，把文本放在引号中，并在引用中包括页码)”可推知，为了达到学术诚信，你应该以适当的方式引用他人的观点。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Absences and late assignments(旷课和迟交作业)”中的“Late assignments will be graded with ½ of the grade if submitted by no more than one week following the original deadline.(迟交的作业如果在原定截止日期后不超过一周内提交，将扣除二分之一的分数)”可知，如果你在截止日期后一周内提交作业，你将得半分。故选B。
B
Howard Schultz wasn’t the first person to be carried away by the pleasant smell of a well-roasted coffee bean. But the Starbucks Coffee Co. leader was undoubtedly the first to turn that dream into a billion dollar retail business.
Schultz’s adventure started in 1981 when he traveled from New York to Seattle to check out a popular coffee bean store called “Starbucks”. It had been buying many of the Hammarplast Swedish drip coffeemakers (滴滤式煮咖啡壶) he was selling.
There was that great smell, sure, but what caused him to fall in love with the business was the care the Starbucks owners put into choosing and roasting the beans. He was also impressed with the owners’ devotion to educating the public about the wonders of the coffee.
It took Schultz a year to convince the Starbucks owners to hire him. When they finally made him director of marketing and operations in 1982, he had another idea. This one occurred in Italy, when Schultz noticed the coffee bars that existed on almost every block. He learned that they not only served excellent espressos (蒸馏咖啡), they also served as meeting places or public squares, and there were 200,000 of them in the country.
But when he came back to Seattle, the Starbucks owners resisted Schultz’s plans to serve coffee in the stores, saying the restaurant business was competitive, and it was costly to hire waiters. After all, economic benefits were their primary motivator. Frustrated, Schultz quit and started his own coffee-bar business in 1985, named “II Giornale”. It was successful, and two years later, the original Starbucks management sold its Starbucks retail unit to Schultz for $3.8 million.
As the company began to expand rapidly in the 1990s, Schultz always said that the main goal was “to serve a great cup of coffee”. Asked about the secret of his success, Schultz told us the principles: “Don’t be threatened by people smarter than you. Compromise anything but your core values.”
24. What caused Schultz to join the Starbucks?
A. The pleasant smell of its coffee bean. B. His strong desire to improve himself.
C. The owners’ impressive work attitude. D. His eagerness to sell more coffeemakers.
25. Which of the following can best describe Schultz’s personality?
A. Committed and generous. B. Sociable and helpful.
C. Motivated and considerate. D. Determined and creative.
26. Why did the Starbucks owners refuse to serve coffee in the stores?
A. Many coffee bars had existed in Seattle.
B. People preferred tasting coffee at home.
C. Workforce was insufficient in the market.
D. They tried to avoid high cost of labor force.
27. What does Schultz think contributes to his success?
A. Learning from smarter people. B. Sticking to his own core values.
C. Keeping his business a secret. D. Remembering a set of principles.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. D 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了霍华德·舒尔茨带领星巴克咖啡公司走向成功的故事。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“There was that great smell, sure, but what caused him to fall in love with the business was the care the Starbucks owners put into choosing and roasting the beans. He was also impressed with the owners’ devotion to educating the public about the wonders of the coffee.(当然，咖啡的味道很好闻，但让他爱上这个行业的是星巴克老板在选择和烘焙咖啡豆时所付出的细心。他还对店主致力于向公众宣传这种咖啡的神奇之处印象深刻)”及第四段中的“It took Schultz a year to convince the Starbucks owners to hire him.(舒尔茨花了一年时间说服星巴克老板雇用他)”可推知，老板令人印象深刻的工作态度促使舒尔茨加入了星巴克。故选C。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But when he came back to Seattle, the Starbucks owners resisted Schultz’s plans to serve coffee in the stores, saying the restaurant business was competitive, and it was costly to hire waiters. After all, economic benefits were their primary motivator. Frustrated, Schultz quit and started his own coffee-bar business in 1985, named “II Giornale”. It was successful, and two years later, the original Starbucks management sold its Starbucks retail unit to Schultz for $3.8 million.(但当他回到西雅图时，星巴克的老板们反对舒尔茨在店内提供咖啡的计划，称餐饮业竞争激烈，而且雇佣服务员的成本很高。毕竟，经济利益是他们的主要动力。灰心丧气的舒尔茨辞去了工作，并于1985年创办了自己的咖啡馆，取名为“II Giornale”。这是成功的，两年后，最初的星巴克管理层以380万美元的价格将星巴克零售部门出售给舒尔茨)”可推知，舒尔茨的成功源于他的创新和坚持，所以坚定和创新是对舒尔茨性格的最佳描述。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“But when he came back to Seattle, the Starbucks owners resisted Schultz’s plans to serve coffee in the stores, saying the restaurant business was competitive, and it was costly to hire waiters. After all, economic benefits were their primary motivator. (但当他回到西雅图时，星巴克的老板们反对舒尔茨在店内提供咖啡的计划，称餐饮业竞争激烈，而且雇佣服务员的成本很高。毕竟，经济利益是他们的主要动力)”可知，星巴克的老板拒绝在店里供应咖啡，因为他们试图避免高昂的劳动力成本。故选D。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Asked about the secret of his success, Schultz told us the principles: “Don’t be threatened by people smarter than you. Compromise anything but your core values.”(当被问及他成功的秘诀时，舒尔茨告诉我们：“不要被比你聪明的人威胁。除了你的核心价值观，什么都可以妥协。”)”可知，舒尔茨认为，坚持自己的核心价值观是他成功的原因。故选B。
C
I need a new phone. Like many of us with older model iPhones, my battery life is just a few hours and I’ve stopped updating the operating system to extend the phone’s life. But I’m having a tough time making the final decision. It’s not the cost. It’s not the inconvenience either. It’s the environment.
Making smartphones, laptops, and other tech products takes a lot of resources. This is partly due to the carbon emissions from the producing process. Still, the most negative impact comes from the mining of the rare earth metals that make your phone work. If you’re reading this on your phone right now, you’re holding about 0.034 grams of gold, 0.34 grams of silver, and smaller amounts of other rare elements. These are tiny amounts, but consider the demand for smartphones around the world.
All of these rare elements have to be mined from inside the Earth, in places like China and some African countries. Mining is hugely environmentally destructive: forests are destroyed, the ground is disturbed, and water quality in the area takes a dive.
Now take these environmental risks, and combine them with the fact that the average lifespan (使用寿命) of a smartphone is just two years, the length of your contract with your cell phone company. After that, if you’re lucky, you get a “free” upgrade. Awesome, right? Sure, if you ignore the fact that the environmental impact of a new phone is about the same as using your old one for a decade.
It’s nearly impossible to live in the 21st century without contributing to the destruction of the environment and climate change. I am guilty as well — eat meat and occasionally fly. But that doesn’t mean that we should stop trying to do better, or ignore the consequences of our actions. I urge you to think carefully about your next smartphone purchase no matter what those Black Friday ads may be trying to tell you.
28. What does the author’s final decision refer to?
A. Going ahead with getting a new phone.
B Taking action to help reduce pollution.
C. Updating your phone’s operating system.
D. Raising money for anew smartphone.
29. Why does the author list specific numbers in paragraph 2?
A. To reveal the consequences of making smartphones.
B. To analyze the causes of making new smartphones.
C. To emphasize the huge demand for smartphones.
D. To provide solutions to cutting smartphone use.
30. What message does the author convey in paragraph 4?
A. It is economical to upgrade your device.
B. The lifespan of smartphones is narrowed.
C. The upgrade comes at the expense of the environment.
D. Signing a contract spares users from economic pressure.
31. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To push for environmentally friendly smartphones.
B. To discourage businesses from making smartphones.
C. To advise readers not to change smartphones often.
D. To demonstrate the negative effects of smartphones.
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. C 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者对于更换智能手机的一些看法。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I need a new phone. Like many of us with older model iPhones, my battery life is just a few hours and I’ve stopped updating the operating system to extend the phone’s life. But I’m having a tough time making the final decision.(我需要一部新手机。和许多使用老款iphone的人一样，我的电池续航时间只有几个小时，而且我已经停止更新操作系统来延长手机的寿命。但是我很难做出最后的决定)”可推知，作者的最终决定是继续买一部新手机。故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Still, the most negative impact comes from the mining of the rare earth metals that make your phone work. If you’re reading this on your phone right now, you’re holding about 0.034 grams of gold, 0.34 grams of silver, and smaller amounts of other rare elements. These are tiny amounts, but consider the demand for smartphones around the world.(然而，最负面的影响来自于让你的手机工作的稀土金属的开采。如果你现在在手机上阅读这篇文章，你就持有大约0.034克黄金，0.34克白银，以及少量的其他稀有元素。这些数量微不足道，但想想全球对智能手机的需求吧)”可推知，作者在第二段列出了具体的数字是为了揭示制造智能手机的后果。故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“After that, if you’re lucky, you get a “free” upgrade. Awesome, right? Sure, if you ignore the fact that the environmental impact of a new phone is about the same as using your old one for a decade.(在那之后，如果你幸运的话，你会得到一次“免费”升级。太棒了，对吧？当然，如果你忽略一个事实，那就是新手机对环境的影响和用旧手机十年差不多)”可知，作者在第四段中想要表达的是升级是以牺牲环境为代价的。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Still, the most negative impact comes from the mining of the rare earth metals that make your phone work. If you’re reading this on your phone right now, you’re holding about 0.034 grams of gold, 0.34 grams of silver, and smaller amounts of other rare elements. These are tiny amounts, but consider the demand for smartphones around the world.(然而，最负面的影响来自于让你的手机工作的稀土金属的开采。如果你现在在手机上阅读这篇文章，你就持有大约0.034克黄金，0.34克白银，以及少量的其他稀有元素。这些数量微不足道，但想想全球对智能手机的需求吧)”及第三段中的“Mining is hugely environmentally destructive: forests are destroyed, the ground is disturbed, and water quality in the area takes a dive.(采矿对环境的破坏是巨大的：森林被破坏，地面被扰乱，该地区的水质急剧下降)”和最后一段中的“I urge you to think carefully about your next smartphone purchase no matter what those Black Friday ads may be trying to tell you.(我强烈建议你仔细考虑下一个智能手机购买计划，不管黑色星期五的广告可能试图告诉你什么)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是建议读者不要经常更换智能手机。故选C。
D
Experts used to believe that people assess risk like actuaries (精算师), figuring out cost-benefit analyses every time a car came too close or local crime rates rose. But a wave of psychological experiments in the1980s denied this thinking.
Researchers found that people use a set of mental shortcuts for measuring danger. And they tend to do it unconsciously, meaning that instinct (直觉) can play a much larger role than they realize. Ideally, these shortcuts help people figure out which ones to worry about and which to disregard. But they can be imperfect.
When you encounter a potential risk, your brain does a quick search for past experiences with it. If it can easily pull up multiple alarming memories, then your brain concludes the danger is high. But it often fails to assess whether those memories are truly representative.
A classic example is airplane crashes. If two happen continuously, flying suddenly feels scarier—even if your conscious mind knows that those crashes are a statistical aberration (统计异常)with little influence on the safety of your next flight. But if you then take a few flights and nothing goes wrong, your brain will most likely start telling you again that flying is safe.
That tendency can cut in both directions, leading to either alarm or complacency (自大). Though flu kills tens of thousands of Americans every year, most peoples’ experiences with it are relatively ordinary. “We’re conditioned by our experiences,” said Paul Slovic, a University of Oregon psychologist. “But experience can mislead us to be too comfortable with things. We are also conditioned to focus heavily on new threats, looking for any cause for alarm. ”
Maybe the most powerful shortcut of all is emotion. Our brains translate emotional reactions into what we believe are reasoned conclusions, even if hard data tells us otherwise. The world in our heads is not a precise copy of reality. Our expectations about frequency of events are misinterpreted by the popularity and emotional intensity of the messages to which we are exposed.
32. What does the underlined word “disregard” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Fear. B. Ignore. C. Support. D. Prevent.
33. Why does the author give an example of airplane crashes?
A. To demonstrate how to take a shortcut.
B. To emphasize the importance of experience.
C. To prove people are good at measuring risks.
D. To explain memories can be misleading.
34. What makes mental shortcut imperfect?
A. Representative memories. B. Reasoned conclusions.
C. Scary reports. D. Misinterpreted messages.
35. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. How we stick to our beliefs B. How our brains evaluate threat
C. How our past experiences shape us D. How we make our best choices
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们的大脑如何评估威胁。专家们曾经认为，人们评估风险的方式就像精算师一样，每次汽车靠得太近或当地犯罪率上升时，都会进行成本效益分析。但20世纪80年代的一波心理学实验否定了这种想法。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Ideally, these shortcuts help people figure out which ones to worry about(理想情况下，这些捷径可以帮助人们弄清楚哪些是值得担心的)”可知，and前后是并列关系，由此可知，划线词部分指的是哪些是不值得担心的，即哪些是可以忽略的。由此可知，划线词disregard与ignore(忽略)意思一致。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“When you encounter a potential risk, your brain does a quick search for past experiences with it. If it can easily pull up multiple alarming memories, then your brain concludes the danger is high. But it often fails to assess whether those memories are truly representative.(当你遇到潜在的风险时，你的大脑会快速搜索过去的经历。如果它能轻易地提取多个令人担忧的记忆，那么你的大脑就会得出结论，危险很高。但它往往无法评估这些记忆是否真正具有代表性)”及第四段中的“A classic example is airplane crashes.(一个典型的例子是飞机失事)”可推知，作者举了一个飞机失事的例子来解释记忆可能会误导人。故选D。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Our expectations about frequency of events are misinterpreted by the popularity and emotional intensity of the messages to which we are exposed.(我们对事件发生频率的预期被我们所接触到的信息的受欢迎程度和情感强度所误解)”可知，误解的信息使心理捷径不完美。故选D。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Experts used to believe that people assess risk like actuaries (精算师), figuring out cost-benefit analyses every time a car came too close or local crime rates rose. But a wave of psychological experiments in the1980s denied this thinking.(专家们曾经认为，人们评估风险的方式就像精算师一样，每次汽车靠得太近或当地犯罪率上升时，都会进行成本效益分析。但20世纪80年代的一波心理学实验否定了这种想法)”及第二段中的“Researchers found that people use a set of mental shortcuts for measuring danger.(研究人员发现，人们使用一套心理捷径来衡量危险)”和最后一段中“Our brains translate emotional reactions into what we believe are reasoned conclusions, even if hard data tells us otherwise. The world in our heads is not a precise copy of reality. Our expectations about frequency of events are misinterpreted by the popularity and emotional intensity of the messages to which we are exposed.(我们的大脑将情绪反应转化为我们认为是合理的结论，即使实际数据告诉我们并非如此。我们头脑中的世界不是现实的精确复制品。我们对事件发生频率的预期被我们接触到的信息的受欢迎程度和情感强度所误解。)”可知，文章主要介绍了我们的大脑如何评估威胁，B项“我们的大脑如何评估威胁”适合做文章标题。故选B。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Fitness tracking devices often recommend we take 10,000 steps a day. But the goal of taking 10,000 steps is not, as many of us believe, rooted in science. ____36____
The 10,000-steps target became popular in Japan in the 1960s. A clock maker, hoping to benefit from interest in fitness after the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games, mass-produced a pedometer (计步器) with a name that, when written in Japanese characters, resembled a walking man. ____37____ Therefore, it created a walking aim that, through the decades, somehow got planted in our global consciousness — and fitness trackers.
But today’s best science suggests we do not need to take 10,000steps a day. ____38____ In that study, people who walked for about 8,000 steps a day were half as likely to die prematurely (过早地) from heart disease or any other cause as those who had 4,000 steps a day. ____39____ The extra steps did not provide much additional protection against dying young, either.
____40____ If, like many people, we currently take about 5,000 steps a day during the course of everyday activities like shopping and housework, adding the extra 2,000 to3,000 steps would take us to a total of between 7,000 and 8,000 steps most days, which seems to be the step-count sweet spot.
A. It also translated as “10,000-steps meter”.
B. Really, many of us reach that 10,000-step goal.
C. In fact it is based on history rather than research.
D. But the statistical benefits of additional steps were slight.
E. The 8,000-steps a day could be a reasonable and achievable goal.
F. A study found that 10,000 steps a day are not a must for a long life.
G. The risks for early death continued to drop among those taking more steps.
【答案】36. C 37. A 38. F 39. D 40. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了我们是否每天应该走1000步。
【36题详解】
根据上文“But the goal of taking 10,000 steps is not, as many of us believe, rooted in science.(但是，走一万步的目标并不像我们许多人认为的那样，是基于科学的)”可知，走一万步的目标并是不基于科学。由此可知，C. In fact it is based on history rather than research.(事实上，它是基于历史而不是研究)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选C。
【37题详解】
根据上文“The 10,000-steps target became popular in Japan in the 1960s. A clock maker, hoping to benefit from interest in fitness after the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games, mass-produced a pedometer (计步器) with a name that, when written in Japanese characters, resembled a walking man.( 20世纪60年代，一万步的目标在日本流行起来。一家钟表制造商希望从1964年东京奥运会后人们对健身的兴趣中获益，于是批量生产了一款计步器，用日文写出来的名字就像一个走路的人)”可知，此处介绍了一万步目标的不同名称。由此可知，A. It also translated as “10,000-steps meter”.(它也被翻译成“一万步米”)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选A。
【38题详解】
根据下文“In that study, people who walked for about 8,000 steps a day were half as likely to die prematurely (过早地) from heart disease or any other cause as those who had 4,000 steps a day.(在那项研究中，每天步行约8000步的人因心脏病或其他原因过早死亡的可能性是每天步行4000步的人的一半)”可知，此处介绍每天走路的步数对寿命的影响。由此可知，F. A study found that 10,000 steps a day are not a must for a long life.(一项研究发现，要想长寿，每天走一万步并不是必须的)能够衔接下文，下文中的that study指代选项中是a study，符合语境。故选F。
【39题详解】
根据上文“But today’s best science suggests we do not need to take 10,000steps a day.(但当今最先进的科学表明，我们不需要每天走一万步)”及下文“The extra steps did not provide much additional protection against dying young, either.(这些额外的步数也没有提供多少防止英年早逝的额外保护)”可知，我们不需要每天走一万步，额外的步数也没有提供额外的保护。由此可知，D. But the statistical benefits of additional steps were slight.(但是，从统计上看，额外的步数带来的好处是微不足道的)能够承上启下，符合语境，其中选项中的additional steps对应原文中的extra steps。故选D。
【40题详解】
根据下文“If, like many people, we currently take about 5,000 steps a day during the course of everyday activities like shopping and housework, adding the extra 2,000 to3,000 steps would take us to a total of between 7,000 and 8,000 steps most days, which seems to be the step-count sweet spot.(如果像许多人一样，我们目前每天在购物和做家务等日常活动中走5000步左右，那么加上额外的2000到3000步，我们大多数日子的总步数将达到7000到8000步，这似乎是步数的最佳点)”可知，本段指出7000到8000步似乎是步数的最佳点。由此可知，E. The 8,000-steps a day could be a reasonable and achievable goal.(每天走8000步可能是一个合理且可以实现的目标)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选E。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My Dad’s Jeep
When my father died, I got his car. Eight years later, it’s ____41____ . How am I supposed to say good-bye ____42____ ? “Why does our car look so dirty?” my 5-year-old daughter, Fianna, recently asked. “This car is super ____43____ .” I replied.
“Because it’s Grandpa Jack’s?” Fianna asked as we ____44____ out of the school parking lot. I smiled and nodded. It has kept him ____45____ ever since.
To Fianna, Grandpa Jack is a concept, not a(n) ____46____ person she knows. Fianna’s saying my father’s name reminds me of his current ____47____. It’s then — and all the times I ____48____ his warm hugs or the gent let one of his voice — that the car ____49____ me. It’s _____50_____ on wheels that my father existed and that, for a period, he _____51_____ my life with love.
One recent morning, I pulled up into our driveway after _____52_____ Fianna off at school. Then I parked, played Ben King’s “Stand By Me” loudly over the old speakers, and stayed _____53_____ .
I let every _____54_____ of my dad that the song and the Jeep created sit with me in the car. I wish I _____55_____ had to say good-bye to my father. At least I still have time to learn how to say good-bye to a car.
41. A. fading away B. shooting up C. falling apart D. dying out
42. A. often B. occasionally C. obviously D. again
43. A. original B. special C. ordinary D. adjustable
44. A. left B. broke C. ran D. pulled
45. A. alive B. conscious C. warm D. quiet
46. A. tough B. real C. honest D. innocent
47. A. situation B. absence C. state D. job
48. A. meet B. receive C. miss D. recognize
49. A. shocks B. tolerates C. surrounds D. comforts
50. A. proof B. advice C. progress D. news
51. A. occupied B. balanced C. filled D. replaced
52. A. keeping B. knocking C. dropping D. showing
53. A. puzzled B. alarmed C. refreshed D. seated
54. A. version B. memory C. view D. treatment
55. A. ever B. somehow C. never D. seldom
【答案】41. C 42. D 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. C 52. C 53. D 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在父亲去世后，得到了他的吉普车，八年后，汽车散架了，他不得不和父亲的汽车说再见，从而引发了对父亲的无限怀念。
【41题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：八年后，它散架了。A. fading away逐渐消失；B. shooting up射击；C. falling apart散架；D. dying out逐渐消亡。根据下文“How am I supposed to say good-bye ____2____ ?”可知，父亲的吉普车散架了，不能使用了。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我该怎么再一次说再见呢？A. often经常；B. occasionally偶尔；C. obviously明显地；D. again再一次。根据上文“When my father died, I got his car. Eight years later, it’s ____1____ .”可知，父亲死后，我得到了他的吉普车，现在它也不能用了，我不得不再说再见。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这辆车非常特别。A. original起初的；B. special特殊的；C. ordinary普通的；D. adjustable可调节的。根据上文“When my father died, I got his car.”及下文“It has kept him ____5____ ever since.”可知，这是父亲的车，所以跟自己的女儿解释，这辆车非常特别。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“因为它是杰克爷爷的？”我们把车开出学校停车场时，菲安娜问。A. left离开；B. broke断裂；C. ran运行；D. pulled(把车)开到某处停下。根据下文“out of the school parking lot.”可知，此处指把车开出学校停车场。固定搭配pull out“驶出”。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让他一直活到现在。A. alive活的；B. conscious清醒的；C. warm温暖的；D. quiet安静的。根据下文“It’s ____10____ on wheels that my father existed and that, for a period, he ____11____ my life with love.”可知，此处指这辆车让我感觉父亲还活着。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对菲安娜来说，杰克爷爷只是一个概念，而不是她认识的一个真实的人。A. tough坚韧的；B. real真实的；C. honest诚实的；D. innocent无辜的。根据上文“To Fianna, Grandpa Jack is a concept”可知，对菲安娜来说，杰克爷爷只是一个概念，而不是她认识的一个真实的人。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：菲安娜说我父亲的名字让我想起他现在不在。A. situation情况；B. absence不在；C. state状态；D. job工作。根据上文“When my father died, I got his car.”可知，父亲已经不在了。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，每当我怀念他温暖的拥抱，或是那位绅士的声音时，那辆车就会安慰我。A. meet遇见；B. receive接收；C. miss怀念；D. recognize认出。根据下文“his warm hugs or the gent let one of his voice”可知，此处指怀念父亲温暖的拥抱和声音。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，每当我想念他怀念的拥抱，或是那位绅士的声音时，那辆车就会安慰我。A. shocks使震惊；B. tolerates忍受；C. surrounds围绕；D. comforts安慰。根据上文“It has kept him ____5____ ever since.”可知，此处指当怀念父亲的时候，这辆车给了我安慰。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我父亲存在的证据，在一段时间里，他让我的生活充满了爱。A. proof证据；B. advice建议；C. progress进展；D. news消息。根据上文“When my father died, I got his car.”可知，此处指这辆车是我父亲存在的证据。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我父亲存在的证据，在一段时间里，他让我的生活充满了爱。A. occupied占用；B. balanced平衡；C. filled填充；D. replaced替换。根据下文“my life with love”可知，此处指他让我的生活充满了爱。固定搭配fill...with...“充满”。故选C。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近的一个早晨，我把菲安娜送到学校后，把车停在我家的车道上。A. keeping保持；B. knocking敲击；C. dropping中途卸客；D. showing显示。根据下文“Fianna off at school.”可知，此处指把女儿开车送到学校。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后我把车停好，用旧喇叭大声播放本·金的《伴我左右》，然后坐在座位上。A. puzzled困惑的；B. alarmed报警的；C. refreshed恢复精神的；D. seated就坐的。根据上文“Then I parked, played Ben King’s “Stand By Me” loudly over the old speakers”可知，此处指停下车，坐在座位上。故选D。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我让这首歌和那辆吉普创造的关于我父亲的每一段记忆都和我一起坐在车里。A. version版本；B. memory记忆；C. view观点；D. treatment治疗。根据下文“that the song and the Jeep created sit with me in the car”可知，此处指这首歌和那辆吉普创造的关于我父亲的每一段记忆。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我希望我永远不用跟我父亲说再见。A. ever曾经；B. somehow不知怎么的；C. never永不；D. seldom很少。根据语境及常识可知，我对父亲充满了怀念，希望永远不用跟我父亲说再见。故选C。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every day, Duan Lianru spends several hours sitting in her office in Hunchun, Jilin province to make a ____56____ (compare) of hundreds of photos of Siberian tigers on the computer.
“It seems a little boring, but ____57____ (basic) I enjoy the work, which makes a connection between me and the big cats,” said the 36-year-old monitor from there search monitoring center of the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park. The park ____58____ (stretch) across the provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang.
Duan is responsible for identifying the tigers according to patterns on ____59____ (they) fur and giving them something like ____60____ identity card.
The park, ____61____ size exceeds (超过) 1.4 million hectares, is the most important habitat for wild Siberian tigers and Amur leopards in China.
The Siberian tigers’ “ID cards” come ____62____ a lot of important basic data that aids scientific conservation. ____63____ (base) on such information, Duan draws the family trees of the tigers.
Recent years ____64____ (see) a remarkable increase in the variety and number of wild animals and more tiger families have been found, including some back two or three generations.
“I feel quite honored to be involved in such significant work.” Duan said. “ _____65_____ (create) a more beautiful world, humans and wild animals, I hope, can live in harmony.”
【答案】56 comparison
57. basically
58. stretches
59. their 60. an
61. whose 62. with
63. Based 64. have seen##has seen
65. To create
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了东北虎豹国家公园搜索监测中心的管理员段连儒的工作及意义。
【56题详解】
考查名词。句意：每天，段连儒都会花几个小时坐在她位于吉林省珲春市的办公室里，对比电脑上数百张东北虎的照片。此处作宾语，应用名词comparison，可数名词，前有不定冠词，应用名词单数形式。故填comparison。
【57题详解】
考查副词。句意：“这似乎有点无聊，但基本上我喜欢这份工作，这让我和这些大型猫科动物建立了联系，”这位36岁的东北虎豹国家公园搜索监测中心的管理员说。此处修饰后面整句话的内容，应用副词basically，作状语。故填basically。
【58题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：公园横跨吉林和黑龙江两省。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语The park是第三人称单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填stretches。
【59题详解】
考查代词。句意：段负责根据老虎皮毛上的图案识别老虎，并给它们发放类似身份证的东西。此处修饰名词fur，应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
【60题详解】
考查冠词。句意：段负责根据老虎皮毛上的图案识别老虎，并给它们发放类似身份证的东西。此处泛指“一张身份证”，应用不定冠词，identity的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。
【61题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：该公园面积超过140万公顷，是中国野生东北虎和远东豹最重要的栖息地。此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是park，关系词在从句中作size的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
【62题详解】
考查介词。句意：东北虎的“身份证”上有很多重要的基础数据，有助于科学保护。此处表示“带有”，应用介词with。故填with。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：根据这些信息，段画出了老虎的家谱。固定短语be based on“根据，以……为基础”，省略be动词，使用过去分词，作状语。故填Based。
【64题详解】
考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：近年来，野生动物的种类和数量都有了显著的增加，人们发现了更多的虎科，其中一些是两代或三代虎科。根据句意可知，此处表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，应用现在完成时，主语Recent years，被看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体也可以复数，即助动词可以使用have或has。故填have seen或has seen。
【65题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了创造一个更美丽的世界，我希望人类和野生动物能够和谐相处。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填To create。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
66. 假定你是李华, 你校学生会决定发起一项慈善活动，号召同学们帮助老年人学会使用智能手机，请你在学校英文报上写一封倡议信。内容包括：
1. 活动的原因；
2. 活动的内容。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
Smartphones are essential in today’s world.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
【答案】Dear fellow students,
Smartphones are essential in today’s world. However, many senior citizens find it difficult to use them. In view of this phenomenon, we would like to call on all of you to give a hand.
Volunteers are in need. Join us, and you can contribute by demonstrating how to shop online, make appointments with doctors or communicate on social media with smartphones. Or you can design posters explaining to the elderly how to guard against the potential danger of Internet frauds.
Small acts of kindness will go a long way. Look forward to your active participation.
The Students’ Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假定你是李华，你校学生会决定发起一项慈善活动，号召同学们帮助老年人学会使用智能手机，请你在学校英文报上写一封倡议信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
呼吁：call on→appeal to
伸出援手：give a hand→lend a hand
防范：guard against→keep away
积极的：active=positive
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Or you can design posters explaining to the elderly how to guard against the potential danger of Internet frauds.
拓展句：Or you can design posters, which explain to the elderly how to guard against the potential danger of Internet frauds.
【点睛】[高分句型1] However, many senior citizens find it difficult to use them. (运用了it作形式宾语)
[高分句型2] Or you can design posters explaining to the elderly how to guard against the potential danger of Internet frauds. (运用了现在分词短语作后置定语)
第二节 （满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Another term had started and I had to attend the first lecture of the new course. The lecturer told us to make groups of two students for a project. I looked to the right and there was my classmate Jack sitting there. And I decided myself that he would be my group member. On the left side, there was an older woman who was from an open university. We talked about the project and decided to make a group of three. During the break, she told me that, last year, she didn’t manage to pass the course, so she would try again.
Later we got an email from our lecturer saying it was not allowed to make groups of three students. The old lady then tried to find some groups, but failed. I knew she wouldn’t find other groups, so I told her that we could do the project together. I had to say good bye to Jack.
After many meetings, we finished the project. In the last meeting, I told her I had difficulty in finding a summer job. I was living in a small town and there weren’t many jobs available and neither had I any previous experience. She advised me to keep doing it, as one would finally answer someday. She then thanked me for helping her and before leaving she said “see you”.
Two weeks later, I got an email from a company saying they had received my job application and decided to call me for a job interview. I appeared for the interview and answered the questions interviewers raised. In the end, they asked me where I had learned about the open job position. In fact, I had no idea so I told them I didn’t remember well. They called me three days later and told me I could start in May. That would be the first time I would be working as a software engineer and I couldn’t describe what I felt like.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One day, I arrived at work and I noticed one familiar car.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
She told me that she really understood me at that time.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One day, I arrived at work and I noticed one familiar car. The registration number and color were somehow known to me. I was certain I had seen this car before. Anyway, I went inside the building and opened my laptop. At this moment, I heard someone saying “Hi, how is it going?”. That lady I had helped in university was in front of my eyes. I said “Hi, wow, do you also work here?”, she replied “yes, I work here.” I was in shock.
She told me that she really understood me at that time. Because she had been in a similar situation when she was young and that I had helped her so much, she tried to convince her manager to give me a chance. When I asked her why didn’t she tell me, she said: “I actually said ‘see you’, didn’t you realize it?” That moment, I realized that my attitude was right and I should keep it, as the lady said. We should always help other people in need.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者参加新课程的第一节课时，讲师让他们两人一组做一个项目，一开始他和他的同学杰克组成一个小组，后来有一个上年纪的女人一直没有找到组，讲师还不允许他们组成三人组，于是作者和这个女人组成小组，让杰克去另寻小组，最终他们完成了这个项目，女人给予了作者鼓励的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“一天，我去上班，注意到一辆熟悉的车。”可知，第一段可描写作者在上班的地方又遇到他曾经帮助过的女人的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“‘她告诉我，那时她真的很理解我。”可知，第二段可描写那个女人为什么和如何帮助作者的。
2.续写线索：偶遇他曾经帮助过的女人——震惊——女人解释帮助作者的原因及经过——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①帮助：help/assist
②说服：convince/persuade
③保持：keep/maintain
情绪类
①确定的：certain/sure
②震惊的：be in shock/shocked
【点睛】[高分句型1] That lady I had helped in university was in front of my eyes. (运用了省略关系代词的定语从句)
[高分句型2] When I asked her why didn’t she tell me, she said: “I actually said ‘see you’, didn’t you realize it?”(运用了when引导的时间状语从句和why引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型3] That moment, I realized that my attitude was right and I should keep it, as the lady said.(运用了that引导的宾语从句和as引导的方式状语从句)
2023届新高考基地学校第五次大联考
英语
注意事项
考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求。
1．答题前，请您务必将自己的姓名、学校、考位号用书写黑色字迹的0. 5毫米签字笔填写在答题纸上。
2．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、考试证号与你本人的是否相符。
3．答题时，必须用书写黑色字迹的0. 5毫米签字笔写在答题纸上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律无效。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Which day did the woman get her laptop?
A. On New Year’s Day. B. On Singles’ Day. C. On her birthday.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: My son gave me a laptop. It’s a good birthday present, but I don’t know how to switch it on.
M: I got one on Singles’ Day. It took me until New Year’s Day to work out how to use it.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What did the man probably do yesterday?
A. He watched a film.
B. He went to a dinner party.
C. He saw a dance performance.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: John, did you end up going to the company dinner yesterday? I wish I could have gone, but I had to attend my daughter’s dance performance.
M: I actually ended up staying home. I was really tired and there was a good movie on TV.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When was the appointment due?
A. 60 minutes ago. B. 30 minutes ago. C. 15 minutes ago.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: The doctor can see you now, Mr. Smith. Sorry about the delay. Your appointment was for 11:30 a. m. , wasn’t it?
M: It was, but my train was half an hour late. It’s midday and I have just arrived.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman heat her house with?
A. Solar. B. Water. C. Electricity.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: I’m thinking of switching my home’s water heater to electric power. You have an electric one, right?
W: We still have that one for emergencies, but it’s not in use at the moment. Now we have the large glass panels that absorb sunlight. They save us a ton of money!
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the woman considering?
A. Living in her sister’s house.
B. Becoming a teacher.
C. Starting a family.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: I love to go to my sister’s house and play with her children.
M: Do you want to work with children when you graduate? I think you would be a great teacher.
W: No, but I will think about having children of my own one day.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. How did Julie get in touch with the woman today?
A. By phone. B. By email. C. In person.
7. What does the man urge the woman to do?
A. Call Julie. B. Watch a TV show. C. Put the book in her bag.
【答案】6. A 7. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Who was calling?
W: It was Julie, reminding me to take her book into school tomorrow.
M: Did you borrow it?
W: Yes, ages ago. I keep forgetting to take it. She told me and emailed me weeks ago, but I still forgot it.
M: Put it in your schoolbag now.
W: There’s a TV show I want to watch first.
M: No. Do it now or you’ll forget it again. You won’t miss the show. Julie must be very concerned about it if she was ringing you in the evening.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What happened to the man on his journey?
A. He was late arriving.
B. He couldn’t find his bags.
C. He lost his way to the destination.
9. How long has the man been traveling?
A. For 17 hours. B. For 20 hours. C. For 24 hours.
10. Why did the hotel change the man’s room?
A. He paid to have a better room.
B. The hotel has made a mistake.
C. He has experienced a tough time.
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Welcome, Mr. Barker. So I have you down for seven nights in Room 12, but I don’t see any bags.
M: Well, the airline has lost them somewhere. I had a connecting flight and they said I should have rechecked my bags in, but I’ve never had to do that. It’s the last thing I need to do after traveling for 20 hours.
W: No, normally they follow you all the way to your destination. Well, if you need anything, our shop is open 24 hours.
M: Yes, I might need some clothes. The airline said they would send the bags here once they found them. Could you have them sent straight to my room?
W: Certainly, sir. Because of all the difficulty you have had, I’ve put you in Room 17, which has its own pool.
M: Thank you. That`s very kind.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. What are the speakers playing?
A. An animal game. B. A car game. C. A war game.
12. What did the woman think of the driving game?
A. It was amusing. B. It was simple. C. It was violent.
13. Where are the speakers?
A. At a game center. B. At home. C. At school.
【答案】11. C 12. A 13. B
【解析】
【原文】W: We have played this game so often. Can’t we find another one?
M: This one is fun.
W: I don’t really enjoy war games. I like the one we used to play with the little animals. M: That’s a baby game. I don’t think I even have it on my computer.
W: What about the one where we drove cars around a town? That was funny
M: I’ll see if I can find it.
W: I wish we could meet up. Remember when we could be in the same house, playing a board game?
M: It seems a long time ago. Just think, we even used to play outside.
W: And we went to school…remember that?
M: They say we might be able to go back soon. The virus seems to be going away.
W: My school is saying it may open next week.
M: I haven’t heard from mine yet. My teachers haven’t said anything.
W: I hope we can. Learning from home was fun at first, but now I miss my classmates.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. What do we know about the man?
A. He is looking for a new house.
B. He hopes to fill an empty apartment.
C. He spent lots of money on changing his room.
15. What is the woman?
A. A home decorator. B. A furniture saleswoman. C. A painter.
16. What will the man buy?
A. A bed. B. Paintings. C. A sofa.
17. What is the woman’s main concern?
A. Cheap cost. B. High quality. C. Quick action.
【答案】14. B 15. A 16. A 17. B
【解析】
【原文】M: I don’t have a huge budget, but I really want to fill this brand new apartment and make it beautiful.
W: I have a lot of experience with these projects. Your budget is enough to get excellent quality and design.
M: Excellent. There’s nothing inside, but the space isn’t very big. Will it be difficult to get the furniture inside?
W: You’ll need to hire a moving team or at least get a big group of your friends to help you.
M: OK, first I need to bring in my bed, dressers, sofa, and desk.
W: I’ve measured your furniture, and everything will fit except your bed.
M: Hopefully I can find a new one that isn’t expensive.
W: I’d like to advise you to start with painting the different rooms and putting art on the walls. This will provide a brighter space and will increase the value if you ever wish to sell it.
M: Don’t worry about that. I plan to live here for a long time. Also, my girlfriend can give me some paintings for decoration.
W: I hope you understand that it’ll take more than a month to have your new place ready to live in.
M: If possible, I’d be happier if you could finish decorating sooner, but I can wait if it’s necessary.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
18. What is the main topic of the talk?
A. A camera-like insect.
B. An insect-like camera.
C. A power-saving battery.
19. What is the most unusual about the camera?
A. Its value. B. Its power. C. Its weight.
20. How did the researchers use their knowledge?
A. They created a robot.
B. They raised the insects.
C. They protected the privacy.
【答案】18. B 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【原文】Researchers have developed a tiny wireless camera that is light enough to be carried by insects. The team at the University of Washington in the US drew inspiration from the insects to create its low-powered camera system.
The research was published in the journal Science Robotics. The entire camera weighs just 250 milligrams, about a tenth of the weight of a playing card. It is put on a mechanical arm that can shift from side to side. That allows the camera to look side to side and scan the environment, just like an insect. To save battery life, the researchers included a device in the system so that it only takes photos when the insect is moving. This way, the camera was able to operate for six hours on a full charge. The insects were not harmed and lived for at least a year after the experiment. The researchers used what they had learned to produce an independent insect-sized camera robot. The team claims it is the world’s smallest robot with wireless vision. Shyam Gollakota, senior author of the research, acknowledged that tiny camera robots could introduce new privacy concerns.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Technology use in class
You will be allowed to use your favorite type of technology (e. g. , laptop, iPad) in class if you choose to do so, since some people prefer taking notes that way. If you decide to use it, please avoid distractions, like e-mail checking or accessing social media during class.
Academic integrity
You will be expected to be the author of the assignments you turn in for this course. Your papers will require you to draw upon existing research to inform and lend credibility (可信度) to your arguments. To credit the ideas of others properly, you must follow two main rules:
●Always cite the source of a finding, idea, or argument that is not your own, no matter how much rewording you have done.
●Always put the findings, ideas, and arguments you cite into your own words. If a direct quote is absolutely necessary, put the text in quotation marks (引号) and include a page number in your citation.
Absences and late assignments
You are expected to attend every class, since your participation in class will count towards your final grade. Students with excused absences will have a chance to complete missed class assignments (and participation) without punishment. Otherwise, class participation can only be completed during class. Assignments submitted after the deadline will be considered late assignments. Late assignments will be graded with ½ of the grade if submitted by no more than one week following the original deadline. If not submitted within one week following the original deadline, late assignments will not be graded.
21. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A school regulation. B. A college textbook. C. An exam paper. D. An academic article.
22. To achieve academic integrity, what are you expected to do?
A. Avoid assessing media during class. B. Submit your totally original work.
C. Present others’ ideas as your own. D. Cite others’ ideas in a proper way.
23. What will happen if you submit an assignment within one week after the due date?
A. You will be punished. B. You will get a half grade.
C. You will receive a zero. D. You will have to rewrite it.
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一所学校的学校规章制度。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Technology use in class(课堂上技术使用)”和“Academic integrity(学术诚信)”及“Absences and late assignments(旷课和迟交作业)”可推知，这篇文章可能是摘自学校规章制度。故选A。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Academic integrity(学术诚信)”中的“●Always put the findings, ideas, and arguments you cite into your own words. If a direct quote is absolutely necessary, put the text in quotation marks (引号) and include a page number in your citation.(把你引用的发现、想法和论点用自己的话表达出来。如果直接引用是绝对必要的，把文本放在引号中，并在引用中包括页码)”可推知，为了达到学术诚信，你应该以适当的方式引用他人的观点。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Absences and late assignments(旷课和迟交作业)”中的“Late assignments will be graded with ½ of the grade if submitted by no more than one week following the original deadline.(迟交的作业如果在原定截止日期后不超过一周内提交，将扣除二分之一的分数)”可知，如果你在截止日期后一周内提交作业，你将得半分。故选B。
B
Howard Schultz wasn’t the first person to be carried away by the pleasant smell of a well-roasted coffee bean. But the Starbucks Coffee Co. leader was undoubtedly the first to turn that dream into a billion dollar retail business.
Schultz’s adventure started in 1981 when he traveled from New York to Seattle to check out a popular coffee bean store called “Starbucks”. It had been buying many of the Hammarplast Swedish drip coffeemakers (滴滤式煮咖啡壶) he was selling.
There was that great smell, sure, but what caused him to fall in love with the business was the care the Starbucks owners put into choosing and roasting the beans. He was also impressed with the owners’ devotion to educating the public about the wonders of the coffee.
It took Schultz a year to convince the Starbucks owners to hire him. When they finally made him director of marketing and operations in 1982, he had another idea. This one occurred in Italy, when Schultz noticed the coffee bars that existed on almost every block. He learned that they not only served excellent espressos (蒸馏咖啡), they also served as meeting places or public squares, and there were 200,000 of them in the country.
But when he came back to Seattle, the Starbucks owners resisted Schultz’s plans to serve coffee in the stores, saying the restaurant business was competitive, and it was costly to hire waiters. After all, economic benefits were their primary motivator. Frustrated, Schultz quit and started his own coffee-bar business in 1985, named “II Giornale”. It was successful, and two years later, the original Starbucks management sold its Starbucks retail unit to Schultz for $3.8 million.
As the company began to expand rapidly in the 1990s, Schultz always said that the main goal was “to serve a great cup of coffee”. Asked about the secret of his success, Schultz told us the principles: “Don’t be threatened by people smarter than you. Compromise anything but your core values.”
24. What caused Schultz to join the Starbucks?
A. The pleasant smell of its coffee bean. B. His strong desire to improve himself.
C. The owners’ impressive work attitude. D. His eagerness to sell more coffeemakers.
25. Which of the following can best describe Schultz’s personality?
A. Committed and generous. B. Sociable and helpful.
C. Motivated and considerate. D. Determined and creative.
26. Why did the Starbucks owners refuse to serve coffee in the stores?
A. Many coffee bars had existed in Seattle.
B. People preferred tasting coffee at home.
C. Workforce was insufficient in the market.
D. They tried to avoid high cost of labor force.
27. What does Schultz think contributes to his success?
A. Learning from smarter people. B. Sticking to his own core values.
C. Keeping his business a secret. D. Remembering a set of principles.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. D 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了霍华德·舒尔茨带领星巴克咖啡公司走向成功的故事。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“There was that great smell, sure, but what caused him to fall in love with the business was the care the Starbucks owners put into choosing and roasting the beans. He was also impressed with the owners’ devotion to educating the public about the wonders of the coffee.(当然，咖啡的味道很好闻，但让他爱上这个行业的是星巴克老板在选择和烘焙咖啡豆时所付出的细心。他还对店主致力于向公众宣传这种咖啡的神奇之处印象深刻)”及第四段中的“It took Schultz a year to convince the Starbucks owners to hire him.(舒尔茨花了一年时间说服星巴克老板雇用他)”可推知，老板令人印象深刻的工作态度促使舒尔茨加入了星巴克。故选C。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But when he came back to Seattle, the Starbucks owners resisted Schultz’s plans to serve coffee in the stores, saying the restaurant business was competitive, and it was costly to hire waiters. After all, economic benefits were their primary motivator. Frustrated, Schultz quit and started his own coffee-bar business in 1985, named “II Giornale”. It was successful, and two years later, the original Starbucks management sold its Starbucks retail unit to Schultz for $3.8 million.(但当他回到西雅图时，星巴克的老板们反对舒尔茨在店内提供咖啡的计划，称餐饮业竞争激烈，而且雇佣服务员的成本很高。毕竟，经济利益是他们的主要动力。灰心丧气的舒尔茨辞去了工作，并于1985年创办了自己的咖啡馆，取名为“II Giornale”。这是成功的，两年后，最初的星巴克管理层以380万美元的价格将星巴克零售部门出售给舒尔茨)”可推知，舒尔茨的成功源于他的创新和坚持，所以坚定和创新是对舒尔茨性格的最佳描述。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“But when he came back to Seattle, the Starbucks owners resisted Schultz’s plans to serve coffee in the stores, saying the restaurant business was competitive, and it was costly to hire waiters. After all, economic benefits were their primary motivator. (但当他回到西雅图时，星巴克的老板们反对舒尔茨在店内提供咖啡的计划，称餐饮业竞争激烈，而且雇佣服务员的成本很高。毕竟，经济利益是他们的主要动力)”可知，星巴克的老板拒绝在店里供应咖啡，因为他们试图避免高昂的劳动力成本。故选D。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Asked about the secret of his success, Schultz told us the principles: “Don’t be threatened by people smarter than you. Compromise anything but your core values.”(当被问及他成功的秘诀时，舒尔茨告诉我们：“不要被比你聪明的人威胁。除了你的核心价值观，什么都可以妥协。”)”可知，舒尔茨认为，坚持自己的核心价值观是他成功的原因。故选B。
C
I need a new phone. Like many of us with older model iPhones, my battery life is just a few hours and I’ve stopped updating the operating system to extend the phone’s life. But I’m having a tough time making the final decision. It’s not the cost. It’s not the inconvenience either. It’s the environment.
Making smartphones, laptops, and other tech products takes a lot of resources. This is partly due to the carbon emissions from the producing process. Still, the most negative impact comes from the mining of the rare earth metals that make your phone work. If you’re reading this on your phone right now, you’re holding about 0.034 grams of gold, 0.34 grams of silver, and smaller amounts of other rare elements. These are tiny amounts, but consider the demand for smartphones around the world.
All of these rare elements have to be mined from inside the Earth, in places like China and some African countries. Mining is hugely environmentally destructive: forests are destroyed, the ground is disturbed, and water quality in the area takes a dive.
Now take these environmental risks, and combine them with the fact that the average lifespan (使用寿命) of a smartphone is just two years, the length of your contract with your cell phone company. After that, if you’re lucky, you get a “free” upgrade. Awesome, right? Sure, if you ignore the fact that the environmental impact of a new phone is about the same as using your old one for a decade.
It’s nearly impossible to live in the 21st century without contributing to the destruction of the environment and climate change. I am guilty as well — eat meat and occasionally fly. But that doesn’t mean that we should stop trying to do better, or ignore the consequences of our actions. I urge you to think carefully about your next smartphone purchase no matter what those Black Friday ads may be trying to tell you.
28. What does the author’s final decision refer to?
A. Going ahead with getting a new phone.
B Taking action to help reduce pollution.
C. Updating your phone’s operating system.
D. Raising money for anew smartphone.
29. Why does the author list specific numbers in paragraph 2?
A. To reveal the consequences of making smartphones.
B. To analyze the causes of making new smartphones.
C. To emphasize the huge demand for smartphones.
D. To provide solutions to cutting smartphone use.
30. What message does the author convey in paragraph 4?
A. It is economical to upgrade your device.
B. The lifespan of smartphones is narrowed.
C. The upgrade comes at the expense of the environment.
D. Signing a contract spares users from economic pressure.
31. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To push for environmentally friendly smartphones.
B. To discourage businesses from making smartphones.
C. To advise readers not to change smartphones often.
D. To demonstrate the negative effects of smartphones.
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. C 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者对于更换智能手机的一些看法。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I need a new phone. Like many of us with older model iPhones, my battery life is just a few hours and I’ve stopped updating the operating system to extend the phone’s life. But I’m having a tough time making the final decision.(我需要一部新手机。和许多使用老款iphone的人一样，我的电池续航时间只有几个小时，而且我已经停止更新操作系统来延长手机的寿命。但是我很难做出最后的决定)”可推知，作者的最终决定是继续买一部新手机。故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Still, the most negative impact comes from the mining of the rare earth metals that make your phone work. If you’re reading this on your phone right now, you’re holding about 0.034 grams of gold, 0.34 grams of silver, and smaller amounts of other rare elements. These are tiny amounts, but consider the demand for smartphones around the world.(然而，最负面的影响来自于让你的手机工作的稀土金属的开采。如果你现在在手机上阅读这篇文章，你就持有大约0.034克黄金，0.34克白银，以及少量的其他稀有元素。这些数量微不足道，但想想全球对智能手机的需求吧)”可推知，作者在第二段列出了具体的数字是为了揭示制造智能手机的后果。故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“After that, if you’re lucky, you get a “free” upgrade. Awesome, right? Sure, if you ignore the fact that the environmental impact of a new phone is about the same as using your old one for a decade.(在那之后，如果你幸运的话，你会得到一次“免费”升级。太棒了，对吧？当然，如果你忽略一个事实，那就是新手机对环境的影响和用旧手机十年差不多)”可知，作者在第四段中想要表达的是升级是以牺牲环境为代价的。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Still, the most negative impact comes from the mining of the rare earth metals that make your phone work. If you’re reading this on your phone right now, you’re holding about 0.034 grams of gold, 0.34 grams of silver, and smaller amounts of other rare elements. These are tiny amounts, but consider the demand for smartphones around the world.(然而，最负面的影响来自于让你的手机工作的稀土金属的开采。如果你现在在手机上阅读这篇文章，你就持有大约0.034克黄金，0.34克白银，以及少量的其他稀有元素。这些数量微不足道，但想想全球对智能手机的需求吧)”及第三段中的“Mining is hugely environmentally destructive: forests are destroyed, the ground is disturbed, and water quality in the area takes a dive.(采矿对环境的破坏是巨大的：森林被破坏，地面被扰乱，该地区的水质急剧下降)”和最后一段中的“I urge you to think carefully about your next smartphone purchase no matter what those Black Friday ads may be trying to tell you.(我强烈建议你仔细考虑下一个智能手机购买计划，不管黑色星期五的广告可能试图告诉你什么)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是建议读者不要经常更换智能手机。故选C。
D
Experts used to believe that people assess risk like actuaries (精算师), figuring out cost-benefit analyses every time a car came too close or local crime rates rose. But a wave of psychological experiments in the1980s denied this thinking.
Researchers found that people use a set of mental shortcuts for measuring danger. And they tend to do it unconsciously, meaning that instinct (直觉) can play a much larger role than they realize. Ideally, these shortcuts help people figure out which ones to worry about and which to disregard. But they can be imperfect.
When you encounter a potential risk, your brain does a quick search for past experiences with it. If it can easily pull up multiple alarming memories, then your brain concludes the danger is high. But it often fails to assess whether those memories are truly representative.
A classic example is airplane crashes. If two happen continuously, flying suddenly feels scarier—even if your conscious mind knows that those crashes are a statistical aberration (统计异常)with little influence on the safety of your next flight. But if you then take a few flights and nothing goes wrong, your brain will most likely start telling you again that flying is safe.
That tendency can cut in both directions, leading to either alarm or complacency (自大). Though flu kills tens of thousands of Americans every year, most peoples’ experiences with it are relatively ordinary. “We’re conditioned by our experiences,” said Paul Slovic, a University of Oregon psychologist. “But experience can mislead us to be too comfortable with things. We are also conditioned to focus heavily on new threats, looking for any cause for alarm. ”
Maybe the most powerful shortcut of all is emotion. Our brains translate emotional reactions into what we believe are reasoned conclusions, even if hard data tells us otherwise. The world in our heads is not a precise copy of reality. Our expectations about frequency of events are misinterpreted by the popularity and emotional intensity of the messages to which we are exposed.
32. What does the underlined word “disregard” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Fear. B. Ignore. C. Support. D. Prevent.
33. Why does the author give an example of airplane crashes?
A. To demonstrate how to take a shortcut.
B. To emphasize the importance of experience.
C. To prove people are good at measuring risks.
D. To explain memories can be misleading.
34. What makes mental shortcut imperfect?
A. Representative memories. B. Reasoned conclusions.
C. Scary reports. D. Misinterpreted messages.
35. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. How we stick to our beliefs B. How our brains evaluate threat
C. How our past experiences shape us D. How we make our best choices
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们的大脑如何评估威胁。专家们曾经认为，人们评估风险的方式就像精算师一样，每次汽车靠得太近或当地犯罪率上升时，都会进行成本效益分析。但20世纪80年代的一波心理学实验否定了这种想法。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Ideally, these shortcuts help people figure out which ones to worry about(理想情况下，这些捷径可以帮助人们弄清楚哪些是值得担心的)”可知，and前后是并列关系，由此可知，划线词部分指的是哪些是不值得担心的，即哪些是可以忽略的。由此可知，划线词disregard与ignore(忽略)意思一致。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“When you encounter a potential risk, your brain does a quick search for past experiences with it. If it can easily pull up multiple alarming memories, then your brain concludes the danger is high. But it often fails to assess whether those memories are truly representative.(当你遇到潜在的风险时，你的大脑会快速搜索过去的经历。如果它能轻易地提取多个令人担忧的记忆，那么你的大脑就会得出结论，危险很高。但它往往无法评估这些记忆是否真正具有代表性)”及第四段中的“A classic example is airplane crashes.(一个典型的例子是飞机失事)”可推知，作者举了一个飞机失事的例子来解释记忆可能会误导人。故选D。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Our expectations about frequency of events are misinterpreted by the popularity and emotional intensity of the messages to which we are exposed.(我们对事件发生频率的预期被我们所接触到的信息的受欢迎程度和情感强度所误解)”可知，误解的信息使心理捷径不完美。故选D。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Experts used to believe that people assess risk like actuaries (精算师), figuring out cost-benefit analyses every time a car came too close or local crime rates rose. But a wave of psychological experiments in the1980s denied this thinking.(专家们曾经认为，人们评估风险的方式就像精算师一样，每次汽车靠得太近或当地犯罪率上升时，都会进行成本效益分析。但20世纪80年代的一波心理学实验否定了这种想法)”及第二段中的“Researchers found that people use a set of mental shortcuts for measuring danger.(研究人员发现，人们使用一套心理捷径来衡量危险)”和最后一段中“Our brains translate emotional reactions into what we believe are reasoned conclusions, even if hard data tells us otherwise. The world in our heads is not a precise copy of reality. Our expectations about frequency of events are misinterpreted by the popularity and emotional intensity of the messages to which we are exposed.(我们的大脑将情绪反应转化为我们认为是合理的结论，即使实际数据告诉我们并非如此。我们头脑中的世界不是现实的精确复制品。我们对事件发生频率的预期被我们接触到的信息的受欢迎程度和情感强度所误解。)”可知，文章主要介绍了我们的大脑如何评估威胁，B项“我们的大脑如何评估威胁”适合做文章标题。故选B。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Fitness tracking devices often recommend we take 10,000 steps a day. But the goal of taking 10,000 steps is not, as many of us believe, rooted in science. ____36____
The 10,000-steps target became popular in Japan in the 1960s. A clock maker, hoping to benefit from interest in fitness after the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games, mass-produced a pedometer (计步器) with a name that, when written in Japanese characters, resembled a walking man. ____37____ Therefore, it created a walking aim that, through the decades, somehow got planted in our global consciousness — and fitness trackers.
But today’s best science suggests we do not need to take 10,000steps a day. ____38____ In that study, people who walked for about 8,000 steps a day were half as likely to die prematurely (过早地) from heart disease or any other cause as those who had 4,000 steps a day. ____39____ The extra steps did not provide much additional protection against dying young, either.
____40____ If, like many people, we currently take about 5,000 steps a day during the course of everyday activities like shopping and housework, adding the extra 2,000 to3,000 steps would take us to a total of between 7,000 and 8,000 steps most days, which seems to be the step-count sweet spot.
A. It also translated as “10,000-steps meter”.
B. Really, many of us reach that 10,000-step goal.
C. In fact it is based on history rather than research.
D. But the statistical benefits of additional steps were slight.
E. The 8,000-steps a day could be a reasonable and achievable goal.
F. A study found that 10,000 steps a day are not a must for a long life.
G. The risks for early death continued to drop among those taking more steps.
【答案】36. C 37. A 38. F 39. D 40. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了我们是否每天应该走1000步。
【36题详解】
根据上文“But the goal of taking 10,000 steps is not, as many of us believe, rooted in science.(但是，走一万步的目标并不像我们许多人认为的那样，是基于科学的)”可知，走一万步的目标并是不基于科学。由此可知，C. In fact it is based on history rather than research.(事实上，它是基于历史而不是研究)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选C。
【37题详解】
根据上文“The 10,000-steps target became popular in Japan in the 1960s. A clock maker, hoping to benefit from interest in fitness after the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games, mass-produced a pedometer (计步器) with a name that, when written in Japanese characters, resembled a walking man.( 20世纪60年代，一万步的目标在日本流行起来。一家钟表制造商希望从1964年东京奥运会后人们对健身的兴趣中获益，于是批量生产了一款计步器，用日文写出来的名字就像一个走路的人)”可知，此处介绍了一万步目标的不同名称。由此可知，A. It also translated as “10,000-steps meter”.(它也被翻译成“一万步米”)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选A。
【38题详解】
根据下文“In that study, people who walked for about 8,000 steps a day were half as likely to die prematurely (过早地) from heart disease or any other cause as those who had 4,000 steps a day.(在那项研究中，每天步行约8000步的人因心脏病或其他原因过早死亡的可能性是每天步行4000步的人的一半)”可知，此处介绍每天走路的步数对寿命的影响。由此可知，F. A study found that 10,000 steps a day are not a must for a long life.(一项研究发现，要想长寿，每天走一万步并不是必须的)能够衔接下文，下文中的that study指代选项中是a study，符合语境。故选F。
【39题详解】
根据上文“But today’s best science suggests we do not need to take 10,000steps a day.(但当今最先进的科学表明，我们不需要每天走一万步)”及下文“The extra steps did not provide much additional protection against dying young, either.(这些额外的步数也没有提供多少防止英年早逝的额外保护)”可知，我们不需要每天走一万步，额外的步数也没有提供额外的保护。由此可知，D. But the statistical benefits of additional steps were slight.(但是，从统计上看，额外的步数带来的好处是微不足道的)能够承上启下，符合语境，其中选项中的additional steps对应原文中的extra steps。故选D。
【40题详解】
根据下文“If, like many people, we currently take about 5,000 steps a day during the course of everyday activities like shopping and housework, adding the extra 2,000 to3,000 steps would take us to a total of between 7,000 and 8,000 steps most days, which seems to be the step-count sweet spot.(如果像许多人一样，我们目前每天在购物和做家务等日常活动中走5000步左右，那么加上额外的2000到3000步，我们大多数日子的总步数将达到7000到8000步，这似乎是步数的最佳点)”可知，本段指出7000到8000步似乎是步数的最佳点。由此可知，E. The 8,000-steps a day could be a reasonable and achievable goal.(每天走8000步可能是一个合理且可以实现的目标)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选E。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My Dad’s Jeep
When my father died, I got his car. Eight years later, it’s ____41____ . How am I supposed to say good-bye ____42____ ? “Why does our car look so dirty?” my 5-year-old daughter, Fianna, recently asked. “This car is super ____43____ .” I replied.
“Because it’s Grandpa Jack’s?” Fianna asked as we ____44____ out of the school parking lot. I smiled and nodded. It has kept him ____45____ ever since.
To Fianna, Grandpa Jack is a concept, not a(n) ____46____ person she knows. Fianna’s saying my father’s name reminds me of his current ____47____. It’s then — and all the times I ____48____ his warm hugs or the gent let one of his voice — that the car ____49____ me. It’s _____50_____ on wheels that my father existed and that, for a period, he _____51_____ my life with love.
One recent morning, I pulled up into our driveway after _____52_____ Fianna off at school. Then I parked, played Ben King’s “Stand By Me” loudly over the old speakers, and stayed _____53_____ .
I let every _____54_____ of my dad that the song and the Jeep created sit with me in the car. I wish I _____55_____ had to say good-bye to my father. At least I still have time to learn how to say good-bye to a car.
41. A. fading away B. shooting up C. falling apart D. dying out
42. A. often B. occasionally C. obviously D. again
43. A. original B. special C. ordinary D. adjustable
44. A. left B. broke C. ran D. pulled
45. A. alive B. conscious C. warm D. quiet
46. A. tough B. real C. honest D. innocent
47. A. situation B. absence C. state D. job
48. A. meet B. receive C. miss D. recognize
49. A. shocks B. tolerates C. surrounds D. comforts
50. A. proof B. advice C. progress D. news
51. A. occupied B. balanced C. filled D. replaced
52. A. keeping B. knocking C. dropping D. showing
53. A. puzzled B. alarmed C. refreshed D. seated
54. A. version B. memory C. view D. treatment
55. A. ever B. somehow C. never D. seldom
【答案】41. C 42. D 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. C 52. C 53. D 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在父亲去世后，得到了他的吉普车，八年后，汽车散架了，他不得不和父亲的汽车说再见，从而引发了对父亲的无限怀念。
【41题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：八年后，它散架了。A. fading away逐渐消失；B. shooting up射击；C. falling apart散架；D. dying out逐渐消亡。根据下文“How am I supposed to say good-bye ____2____ ?”可知，父亲的吉普车散架了，不能使用了。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我该怎么再一次说再见呢？A. often经常；B. occasionally偶尔；C. obviously明显地；D. again再一次。根据上文“When my father died, I got his car. Eight years later, it’s ____1____ .”可知，父亲死后，我得到了他的吉普车，现在它也不能用了，我不得不再说再见。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这辆车非常特别。A. original起初的；B. special特殊的；C. ordinary普通的；D. adjustable可调节的。根据上文“When my father died, I got his car.”及下文“It has kept him ____5____ ever since.”可知，这是父亲的车，所以跟自己的女儿解释，这辆车非常特别。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“因为它是杰克爷爷的？”我们把车开出学校停车场时，菲安娜问。A. left离开；B. broke断裂；C. ran运行；D. pulled(把车)开到某处停下。根据下文“out of the school parking lot.”可知，此处指把车开出学校停车场。固定搭配pull out“驶出”。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让他一直活到现在。A. alive活的；B. conscious清醒的；C. warm温暖的；D. quiet安静的。根据下文“It’s ____10____ on wheels that my father existed and that, for a period, he ____11____ my life with love.”可知，此处指这辆车让我感觉父亲还活着。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对菲安娜来说，杰克爷爷只是一个概念，而不是她认识的一个真实的人。A. tough坚韧的；B. real真实的；C. honest诚实的；D. innocent无辜的。根据上文“To Fianna, Grandpa Jack is a concept”可知，对菲安娜来说，杰克爷爷只是一个概念，而不是她认识的一个真实的人。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：菲安娜说我父亲的名字让我想起他现在不在。A. situation情况；B. absence不在；C. state状态；D. job工作。根据上文“When my father died, I got his car.”可知，父亲已经不在了。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，每当我怀念他温暖的拥抱，或是那位绅士的声音时，那辆车就会安慰我。A. meet遇见；B. receive接收；C. miss怀念；D. recognize认出。根据下文“his warm hugs or the gent let one of his voice”可知，此处指怀念父亲温暖的拥抱和声音。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，每当我想念他怀念的拥抱，或是那位绅士的声音时，那辆车就会安慰我。A. shocks使震惊；B. tolerates忍受；C. surrounds围绕；D. comforts安慰。根据上文“It has kept him ____5____ ever since.”可知，此处指当怀念父亲的时候，这辆车给了我安慰。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我父亲存在的证据，在一段时间里，他让我的生活充满了爱。A. proof证据；B. advice建议；C. progress进展；D. news消息。根据上文“When my father died, I got his car.”可知，此处指这辆车是我父亲存在的证据。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我父亲存在的证据，在一段时间里，他让我的生活充满了爱。A. occupied占用；B. balanced平衡；C. filled填充；D. replaced替换。根据下文“my life with love”可知，此处指他让我的生活充满了爱。固定搭配fill...with...“充满”。故选C。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近的一个早晨，我把菲安娜送到学校后，把车停在我家的车道上。A. keeping保持；B. knocking敲击；C. dropping中途卸客；D. showing显示。根据下文“Fianna off at school.”可知，此处指把女儿开车送到学校。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后我把车停好，用旧喇叭大声播放本·金的《伴我左右》，然后坐在座位上。A. puzzled困惑的；B. alarmed报警的；C. refreshed恢复精神的；D. seated就坐的。根据上文“Then I parked, played Ben King’s “Stand By Me” loudly over the old speakers”可知，此处指停下车，坐在座位上。故选D。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我让这首歌和那辆吉普创造的关于我父亲的每一段记忆都和我一起坐在车里。A. version版本；B. memory记忆；C. view观点；D. treatment治疗。根据下文“that the song and the Jeep created sit with me in the car”可知，此处指这首歌和那辆吉普创造的关于我父亲的每一段记忆。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我希望我永远不用跟我父亲说再见。A. ever曾经；B. somehow不知怎么的；C. never永不；D. seldom很少。根据语境及常识可知，我对父亲充满了怀念，希望永远不用跟我父亲说再见。故选C。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every day, Duan Lianru spends several hours sitting in her office in Hunchun, Jilin province to make a ____56____ (compare) of hundreds of photos of Siberian tigers on the computer.
“It seems a little boring, but ____57____ (basic) I enjoy the work, which makes a connection between me and the big cats,” said the 36-year-old monitor from there search monitoring center of the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park. The park ____58____ (stretch) across the provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang.
Duan is responsible for identifying the tigers according to patterns on ____59____ (they) fur and giving them something like ____60____ identity card.
The park, ____61____ size exceeds (超过) 1.4 million hectares, is the most important habitat for wild Siberian tigers and Amur leopards in China.
The Siberian tigers’ “ID cards” come ____62____ a lot of important basic data that aids scientific conservation. ____63____ (base) on such information, Duan draws the family trees of the tigers.
Recent years ____64____ (see) a remarkable increase in the variety and number of wild animals and more tiger families have been found, including some back two or three generations.
“I feel quite honored to be involved in such significant work.” Duan said. “ _____65_____ (create) a more beautiful world, humans and wild animals, I hope, can live in harmony.”
【答案】56 comparison
57. basically
58. stretches
59. their 60. an
61. whose 62. with
63. Based 64. have seen##has seen
65. To create
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了东北虎豹国家公园搜索监测中心的管理员段连儒的工作及意义。
【56题详解】
考查名词。句意：每天，段连儒都会花几个小时坐在她位于吉林省珲春市的办公室里，对比电脑上数百张东北虎的照片。此处作宾语，应用名词comparison，可数名词，前有不定冠词，应用名词单数形式。故填comparison。
【57题详解】
考查副词。句意：“这似乎有点无聊，但基本上我喜欢这份工作，这让我和这些大型猫科动物建立了联系，”这位36岁的东北虎豹国家公园搜索监测中心的管理员说。此处修饰后面整句话的内容，应用副词basically，作状语。故填basically。
【58题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：公园横跨吉林和黑龙江两省。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语The park是第三人称单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填stretches。
【59题详解】
考查代词。句意：段负责根据老虎皮毛上的图案识别老虎，并给它们发放类似身份证的东西。此处修饰名词fur，应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
【60题详解】
考查冠词。句意：段负责根据老虎皮毛上的图案识别老虎，并给它们发放类似身份证的东西。此处泛指“一张身份证”，应用不定冠词，identity的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。
【61题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：该公园面积超过140万公顷，是中国野生东北虎和远东豹最重要的栖息地。此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是park，关系词在从句中作size的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
【62题详解】
考查介词。句意：东北虎的“身份证”上有很多重要的基础数据，有助于科学保护。此处表示“带有”，应用介词with。故填with。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：根据这些信息，段画出了老虎的家谱。固定短语be based on“根据，以……为基础”，省略be动词，使用过去分词，作状语。故填Based。
【64题详解】
考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：近年来，野生动物的种类和数量都有了显著的增加，人们发现了更多的虎科，其中一些是两代或三代虎科。根据句意可知，此处表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，应用现在完成时，主语Recent years，被看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体也可以复数，即助动词可以使用have或has。故填have seen或has seen。
【65题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了创造一个更美丽的世界，我希望人类和野生动物能够和谐相处。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填To create。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
66. 假定你是李华, 你校学生会决定发起一项慈善活动，号召同学们帮助老年人学会使用智能手机，请你在学校英文报上写一封倡议信。内容包括：
1. 活动的原因；
2. 活动的内容。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
Smartphones are essential in today’s world.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
【答案】Dear fellow students,
Smartphones are essential in today’s world. However, many senior citizens find it difficult to use them. In view of this phenomenon, we would like to call on all of you to give a hand.
Volunteers are in need. Join us, and you can contribute by demonstrating how to shop online, make appointments with doctors or communicate on social media with smartphones. Or you can design posters explaining to the elderly how to guard against the potential danger of Internet frauds.
Small acts of kindness will go a long way. Look forward to your active participation.
The Students’ Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假定你是李华，你校学生会决定发起一项慈善活动，号召同学们帮助老年人学会使用智能手机，请你在学校英文报上写一封倡议信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
呼吁：call on→appeal to
伸出援手：give a hand→lend a hand
防范：guard against→keep away
积极的：active=positive
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Or you can design posters explaining to the elderly how to guard against the potential danger of Internet frauds.
拓展句：Or you can design posters, which explain to the elderly how to guard against the potential danger of Internet frauds.
【点睛】[高分句型1] However, many senior citizens find it difficult to use them. (运用了it作形式宾语)
[高分句型2] Or you can design posters explaining to the elderly how to guard against the potential danger of Internet frauds. (运用了现在分词短语作后置定语)
第二节 （满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Another term had started and I had to attend the first lecture of the new course. The lecturer told us to make groups of two students for a project. I looked to the right and there was my classmate Jack sitting there. And I decided myself that he would be my group member. On the left side, there was an older woman who was from an open university. We talked about the project and decided to make a group of three. During the break, she told me that, last year, she didn’t manage to pass the course, so she would try again.
Later we got an email from our lecturer saying it was not allowed to make groups of three students. The old lady then tried to find some groups, but failed. I knew she wouldn’t find other groups, so I told her that we could do the project together. I had to say good bye to Jack.
After many meetings, we finished the project. In the last meeting, I told her I had difficulty in finding a summer job. I was living in a small town and there weren’t many jobs available and neither had I any previous experience. She advised me to keep doing it, as one would finally answer someday. She then thanked me for helping her and before leaving she said “see you”.
Two weeks later, I got an email from a company saying they had received my job application and decided to call me for a job interview. I appeared for the interview and answered the questions interviewers raised. In the end, they asked me where I had learned about the open job position. In fact, I had no idea so I told them I didn’t remember well. They called me three days later and told me I could start in May. That would be the first time I would be working as a software engineer and I couldn’t describe what I felt like.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One day, I arrived at work and I noticed one familiar car.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
She told me that she really understood me at that time.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One day, I arrived at work and I noticed one familiar car. The registration number and color were somehow known to me. I was certain I had seen this car before. Anyway, I went inside the building and opened my laptop. At this moment, I heard someone saying “Hi, how is it going?”. That lady I had helped in university was in front of my eyes. I said “Hi, wow, do you also work here?”, she replied “yes, I work here.” I was in shock.
She told me that she really understood me at that time. Because she had been in a similar situation when she was young and that I had helped her so much, she tried to convince her manager to give me a chance. When I asked her why didn’t she tell me, she said: “I actually said ‘see you’, didn’t you realize it?” That moment, I realized that my attitude was right and I should keep it, as the lady said. We should always help other people in need.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者参加新课程的第一节课时，讲师让他们两人一组做一个项目，一开始他和他的同学杰克组成一个小组，后来有一个上年纪的女人一直没有找到组，讲师还不允许他们组成三人组，于是作者和这个女人组成小组，让杰克去另寻小组，最终他们完成了这个项目，女人给予了作者鼓励的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“一天，我去上班，注意到一辆熟悉的车。”可知，第一段可描写作者在上班的地方又遇到他曾经帮助过的女人的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“‘她告诉我，那时她真的很理解我。”可知，第二段可描写那个女人为什么和如何帮助作者的。
2.续写线索：偶遇他曾经帮助过的女人——震惊——女人解释帮助作者的原因及经过——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①帮助：help/assist
②说服：convince/persuade
③保持：keep/maintain
情绪类
①确定的：certain/sure
②震惊的：be in shock/shocked
【点睛】[高分句型1] That lady I had helped in university was in front of my eyes. (运用了省略关系代词的定语从句)
[高分句型2] When I asked her why didn’t she tell me, she said: “I actually said ‘see you’, didn’t you realize it?”(运用了when引导的时间状语从句和why引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型3] That moment, I realized that my attitude was right and I should keep it, as the lady said.(运用了that引导的宾语从句和as引导的方式状语从句)
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