2023届北京市门头沟区高三综合练习（一）英语试卷（含答案）

这是一份2023届北京市门头沟区高三综合练习（一）英语试卷（含答案），共22页。试卷主要包含了完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，阅读理解，七选五，阅读表达，邀请信等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023届北京市门头沟区高三综合练习（一）英语试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、完形填空
Family is the warmest place where members always help each other, especially in the most difficult times.
My husband and I went through tough times many years ago. However, we didn’t mention the difficulties to our children. The only thing they knew clearly was that we had to ___1___many things. But we didn’t want to ___2___ them with a problem about which they could do nothing.
Our situation wasn’t improving, and we knew that we would have to look for outside help. Just as we reached the point of ___3___, our community gave us an envelope that had been left in the committee’s offering box. The committee said, “In our community, there has been a way of assisting those who have financial difficulties. In order not to make the receivers feel ashamed, money is secretly dropped into an offering box with only the___4___name on each envelope. Then the envelopes are___5___to those members without them knowing the givers’ names.”
You could imagine how overjoyed we were to receive it, which was enough to bring us through the desperate time. We couldn’t help but ___6___ who had given such a generous gift. We were enormously grateful.
Later, our son applied for a student loan so that he could attend university. It was then that we ___7___his saving account was almost empty. We’d trusted him to put the wages from his part-time job into the bank. We were so___8___ that I asked him repeatedly to find out where the money had gone. He just stood there with firm eyes but said nothing.
Finally, with great ___9___,my son eventually admitted that the year before he had put his savings in the offering box for us. I stood there speechless, tears filling my eyes. He had spent several years saving that money and had given it to us _____10_____without telling us what he had done.
1．A．make up for B．come up with C．cut back on D．look forward to
2．A．bother B．harm C．encourage D．support
3．A．anger B．desperation C．hope D．relief
4．A．receiver’s B．giver’s C．organizer’s D．partner’s
5．A．related B．contributed C．distributed D．devoted
6．A．recall B．infer C．imagine D．wonder
7．A．discovered B．thought C．ensured D．admitted
8．A．pessimistic B．disappointed C．frightened D．guilty
9．A．interaction B．explanation C．expectation D．hesitation
10．A．obviously B．willingly C．gradually D．accidentally


二、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Standing on the shore of a lake, I couldn’t help admiring the hundreds of small rock that____11____(surround) my shoes. All created from hard surfaces, the rocks soften over time. And I was wondering ____12____we could learn from a pile of rocks. Once was a sharp rock that was covered with pointy edges, and now I have found my attitude have softened and my desire to understand others ____13____(expand) with time.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Oil dominates every aspect____14____our life. It fuels our cars, and it is used in production of our plastic goods and the electricity for our homes and factories. Moreover, it can even____15____(find) in the fertilizer for the soil in which our food grows. Oil makes nations ____16____ (extreme) wealthy, while shortages of oil can bring economies to their knees. In short, this black and sticky substance has been running____17____(we) world.

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When we go outdoors in winter,cold wind gets through our clothes, ____18____(hit)our body parts fiercely. Then we may feel cold. How do we feel cold? Actually human skin is filled with temperature-sensing nerve receptors named TRPs,which receive stimuli (刺激) from the environment. ____19____(sense) the cold，the brain uses one of the receptors called TRPM8.When the TRPM8 is hit by stimuli,it will send an electric signal to the brain,___20___understands the signal as “cold”.


三、阅读理解
Tours come in many creative forms, such as guided walking tours, self-guided walking tours, coastal walks and bush walks.
Guided Walking Tours
Guided walking tours are an informative and fun way to deeply understand the area about a city’s history and the people there. You can take this kind of tour anytime and anywhere. Guided walking tours come with a guide with the knowledge and history of the area and they can help you with a lot of the history that happened in the area. Guided walking tours are better at showing sites in-depth.
Self-Guided Walking Tours
Self-guided tours are good if you wish to do things at your own pace. With self-guided tours, you usually have a brochure on the area that you follow and it will tell you about local people’s favorite landmarks. Self-guided tours are suitable for individuals or close friends. You can take them in any season you like.
Coastal Walking Tours
Coastal walks are ideal for those who enjoy breathtaking views. Coastal walks will often take you inland for part of your journey, only to rejoin the coastline at some other spectacular views mother nature has provided. Coastal walks are for all year round. I have done some great walks in winter and seen mother nature at her best, and the best part about doing tours during winter is that there are not very many people that will almost have the tour to themselves.
Bush Walking Tours
Bush walks, according to research, can help reduce depression and raise self-esteem. Bush walks can be a family activity with your dog throughout the year. Some bush walks may take more than one day. Whenever you want to take a bush walk, you should keep in mind that all bush walks should be researched thoroughly as you may need special equipment like waterproof trousers. At the very least you should let your family or friends know where you are going. This is useful if you get lost.
Hope you can find the most suitable tour for yourself.
21．What can we learn about guided walking tours from the passage?
A．It can be a family activity that may include pets.
B．You can have a further understanding of the area.
C．You can enjoy breathtaking views during the tour.
D．You can know the landmarks with the help of local people.
22．Which of these tours should you tell your family or friends in advance?
A．Bush walking tours. B．Guided walking tours.
C．Coastal walking tours. D．Self-guided walking tours.
23．What do these tours have in common?
A．You can participate anytime of the year.
B．You should buy special equipment in advance.
C．You will take part in both inland and coastline journeys.
D．You need a brochure to introduce the tours’ special features.

It was rush hour on the morning of June1. Heather Santellano, 36, was driving her car on Houston Harte Frontage Road with her nine-year-old daughter and ten-year-old son in the back. Suddenly, a red pickup truck cut them off. Santellano turned the wheel hard to the right, sending the car running off the road and down an embankment (路堤) that ended in a drop-off after about 50 feet. If the car didn’t stop, it would go up into the air and slide onto the road some 20 feet below. Then came a bit of luck. As the car raced towards the edge, its undercarriage got stuck on the embankment, stopping it cold. The occupants, however, were far from safe. The car had come to rest on top of a retaining wall, literally teetering on the edge of disaster. One sudden move by anyone inside could send it over.
Jacob Rodriguez, a veteran, watched the scene unfold from the company where he works. Then, he and four other men ran to the car. They leaped onto the trunk to balance the weight as the terrified kids in the back seat watched.
Meanwhile, Julio Vasquez and his nephew, Marco Vasquez, were driving to their jobs at nearby Premier Automotive. Julio jumped out of the car to help while Marco went to the shop, grabbed a heavy-duty strap and returned to the dangling car. He tied the car to and F-350 truck that had been driven over by one of the other rescuers. With the car secured the group carefully opened the back doors and helped the children out.
But their departure shifted the car’s weight, causing it to lean forward. The men, still on the trunk, implored Santellano to jump into the back seat to re-balance the weight. She did and then inched out from the back door. Finally, the men carefully got off the trunk Everyone was safe. “Another foot,” Rodriguez told the media, “and this would be different story.”
24．What happened to Santellano’ scar after a red pickup truck cut it off?
A．It ran into the truck and was holed.
B．It rushed to the roadside and was broken.
C．It went into the air and fell sharply onto the road.
D．It slipped off the road and down an embankment.
25．Why did the car lean forward?
A．Because everyone got off the car.
B．Because Santellano jumped into the back seat.
C．Because the helpers ran to the car and leaped onto the trunk.
D．Because the weight of the car was unbalanced when the children left.
26．According to the passage,which words can best describe Jacob and his partners?
A．Generous and outgoing. B．Friendly and humble.
C．Helpful and professional. D．Ambitious and optimistic.

The hydrogen-powered drone(无人机)，called “Qingting” in Chinese pronounced the same as the Chinese word “dragonfly”,has completed the automatic inspection of the 500 kilovolt of Wangnan Line.
It is the first time that a fuel-cell drone powered by hydrogen has been used in the national electrical power system to carry out inspection programs, meaning that hydrogen energy equipment has been firstly applied into the inspection of power grid(网).
The inspection drone traditionally is powered by lithium batteries which can last 20-30 minutes on average.There exists a certain threat to inspection safety if the drone falls out of control due to its use of large-capacity lithium battery pack, which easily leads to burn and explode. Thus, the current urgent need of inspection work for power grid requires a new kind of drone with long battery life,continuous inspection,and high security.
It is introduced that, this year State Grid Wenzhou Power Supply Company,together with Jinling Carbon Energy Digital Intelligence Technology Laboratory, finally successfully invented the first hydrogen-powered drone after half a year’s exploration and perseverance. As an electric drone taking hydrogen fuel cell to generate the power and hydrogen,hydrogen does not burn in thefuel cell during the operation of “Qingting”. Instead,it can be transformed directly into electricity by combining hydrogen and oxygen through the action of platinum-carbon catalyst in a clean and carbon-free way, and the only product is water.
It is learned that it offers power autonomy of 2 hours, about four times that of the lithium battery drone. The life of hydrogen fuel cell is more than 2000 hours,about 20 times that of the lithium battery.The battery of hydrogen fuel cell contains no heavy metal pollutants, whose materials can be recycled after destruction. It is tested that the “Qingting”drone fails to burn or explode when it falls out of control,which performs better in safety.
The success of the initial inspection of the“Qingting”drone has filled the gap of the application of hydrogen fuel in the electric power drone. Next, the company will expand the multi-directional application of hydrogen drones in inspection for power grid by carrying different functional equipment to make breakthroughs in the technical barriers. Moreover, under the national policy of actively promoting the application of clean energy, accelerating the development of hydrogen fuel cells in the field of unmanned aviation vehicles(UAVs)is of significance.
27．What can we learn about the traditional drone?
A．It is powered by hydrogen.
B．It can work for a long time.
C．It may burn if failing to control.
D．It can ensure the safety of power grid.
28．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about?
A．How “Qingting” works.
B．Why “Qingting”is safe.
C．What advantages“Qingting”has.
D．What effects“Qingting”has on the environment.
29．Which statement about hydrogen-powered drone is NOT correct?
A．The battery it uses is recyclable.
B．It has been used to examine power grid.
C．It can change hydrogen directly into electricity.
D．It can prevent the hydrogen battery from explosion.
30．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Hydrogen fuel has been applied into other fields.
B．Hydrogen fuel has a bright future in many fields.
C．Hydrogen drone is widely used in the field of UAVs.
D．Hydrogen drone has taken along limited functional equipment.

Many industries are facing a shortage of labour. Warehousing has grown rapidly. And robots are now indispensable,picking items off shelves and helping people pack an exponentially rising numbers of boxes. They are even beginning to walk slowly along some pavements, delivering goods or food right to people’s doors. Having more robots to boost productivity would be a good thing.
And yet many people fear that robots will destroy jobs. A paper in 2013 by economists at Oxford University was widely misinterpreted as meaning that 47% of American jobs were at risk of being automated.
In fact,concerns about mass unemployment because of robots are overblown. The evidence suggests robots will be ultimately beneficial for labour markets. A Yale University study found that an increase of one robot unit per 1,000 workers boosted a company’s employment in Japan. Research from the Bank of Korea found that notarization moved jobs away from manufacturing into other sectors, but that there was no decrease in overall vacancies(空缺).Another study，by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and colleagues elsewhere, looked at Finnish firms and concluded that their use of advanced technologies led to increases in hiring.
For all that, the march of the robots will bring big changes to workplaces. The skills and firms that are rewarded will shift,too.But that need not be the disaster many fear. One supposed example of “bad automation” is self-service checkouts in supermarkets because they displace human workers. Checkout staff who retrain to help customers pick items from aisles may well find that dealing with people in need is more rewarding than spending all day scanning barcodes.
Certainly, some people will be on the losing end of change even as the robots make society as a whole better off. One lesson from the freewheeling globalization of the 1990s and 2000s is that the growth in trade that was overwhelmingly beneficial triggered a political backlash(强烈抵制)because the losers felt left behind. That is one more reason why firms and governments would do well to recognize the value of retraining and lifelong learning. As jobs change, workers should be helped to acquire new skills, including how to work with and manage the robots that will increasingly be their colleagues.
The potential gains from the robot revolution have just started. It won’t be the plot in some films where the robots fight against their human masters and cause mass unemployment.
31．What does the underlined word “indispensable”mean in Paragraph 1?
A．Essential. B．Spare. C．Detective. D．Complicated.
32．Why does the author mention the example of“bad automation”in Paragraph 4?
A．To prove that robots will not be a disaster.
B．To remind us of the big changes at workplaces.
C．To illustrate checkout staff will scan barcodes slowly.
D．To tell firms the value of retraining and lifelong learning.
33．According to the author,what will happen because of notarization?
A．It will push losers to leave behind.
B．Robots may lead to mass unemployment.
C．People will help robots to gain new skills.
D．Robots and people may become co-workers.
34．The author may agree that___.
A．jobs will be at risk due to robots
B．no evidence shows that robots will destroy jobs
C．notarization will quickly boost mass employment
D．people have benefited a lot from the robot revolution


四、七选五
Walking has been considered as one of the best possible exercises. For many people,daily walking offers massive and long-term physical and mental benefits. ___35___A Stanford University study found that participants were more creative when walking as opposed to sitting.
___36___You’ve probably heard the phrase“exercise your creativity”,which referee to the brain as muscle.Our creative mindset is triggered by physical movement,which is exactly why walking-with your dog, a friend, or alone-feeds creative thinking.
But the scenery is almost as important as the sweat. Just by going outside, you are stepping out of your habitual surroundings and your comfort zone,which is necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities. You can walk through a tree-filled neighborhood. ___37___Even when you walk down a busy street, you can’t help but get distracted by the sweet smells from a food cart or the child pointing to a building you hadn’t even noticed before.
Our brains work harder to process indifferent environments. Therefore, walking outside cultivates our ability to collect new ideas and take in new sights,sounds,smells, and flavors. Shinrin-yoku, a common form of relaxation in Japan, suggests that being in the forest and walking among the trees can lower your stress levels. ___38___Research has shown that immersion in nature and the disconnection from multimedia increased performance on a creative problem-solving task in a group of hikers.
So instead of setting a fitness goal, why rot set a creativity goal that just starts with walking outdoors?___39___For example,you can turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to be present in the world,to hear conversations and natural sounds, and to notice the way people move and the way the sun reflects in a lake. Walk not just for exercise.Walk for wonder.
A．In fact,you often fail to do it by yourself.
B．Engage more closely with your surroundings.
C．Without enough energy, you cannot wonder or create.
D．The physical movement during walking is obviously key.
E．You can walk through a park and observe people relaxing or birds singing.
F．But you don’t have to live near a forest to receive the psychological benefits.
G．However, this habit isn’t just a healthy habit but a necessary element of creativity.


五、阅读表达
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Last year, I baked biscuits for complete strangers to say “thank you”. I’d had to call 999 because I found my husband unconscious on the floor. Within minutes, a police car arrived and soon my husband received medical care in hospital.
A week later, when I dropped off still-warm biscuits and presented a thank-you note at the police station, the policemen thanked me for delivering gifts.
I drove away feeling light and happy. Later, I realized that my natural high might have been more than it seemed.Research has shown that sharing gratitude has positive effects on health. People who express gratitude will increase their happiness levels, lower their blood pressure and get better sleep.
What about people who receive gratitude?Research has confirmed that when people receive thanks, they experience positive emotions.“Those are happy surprises,”says Jo-Ann Tsang, a professor of psychology. When someone is thanked,he’s more likely to return the favor or pass kindness on, and his chances of being helpful again doubles, probably because he enjoys feeling socially valued.
The give-and-take of gratitude also deepens relationships. Studies show that when your loved ones regularly express gratitude,making you feel appreciated,you’re more likely to return appreciative feelings, which leads to more satisfactory in your relationships.
Nowadays,however,many people don’t express gratitude. Our modern lifestyle may be to blame. With commercial and social media, everything is speeding the younger generation to feel they’re the center of the world. If it’s all about them, why thank others?
Why not thank others? Just take a look at how many positive effects can saying “thank you”have on personal health—and the well-being of others.
If you aren’t particularly grateful, I strongly suggest you learn to be.People who are instructed to keep gratitude journals,in which they write down positive things that happen to them,cultivate gratitude over time.
40．What health benefits can people gain from expressing gratitude?
_______________________________________________________
41．How do people probably respond when they receive gratitude and feel socially valued?
_______________________________________________________
42．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
▷ Saying “thank-you”improves relationships,but nowadays some young people don’t want to do it because everything is making them feel blamed by the whole society.
_______________________________________________________
43．If possible, who would you like to express gratitude to most? Why? (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________


六、邀请信
44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校将组织参观中国载人航天工程成就展，你班的英国交换生Jim对中国航天兴趣浓厚，请你写一封邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：
1．活动目的及时间安排；
2．活动内容；
3．询问对方意向。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：中国载人航天工程成就展 exhibition of achievements in China’s manned spaceflight program
Dear Jim.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

参考答案：

1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家生活困难，在濒临绝望的时候，一个匿名的人给了他们一个装有现金的信封帮他们度过了难关，最后发现这个人居然是他们的儿子。
1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们唯一清楚的是，我们必须削减开支。A. make up for补偿；B. come up with提出；C. cut back on消减；D. look forward to期待。根据上文“My husband and I went through tough times (我和丈夫经历了艰难的时期)”可知他们需要消减开支，故选C项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们不想为他们无能为力帮忙的问题而困扰他们。A. bother打扰；烦扰；B. harm伤害；C. encourage鼓励；D. support支持。根据下文“a problem about which they could do nothing (他们无能为力帮忙的问题)”可知，这些问题他们无能为力，所以父母不希望烦扰他们，故选A项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在我们接近绝望的程度的时候，社区给了我们一个信封，这个信封放在了居委会的募捐箱里。A. anger生气；B. desperation绝望；C. hope希望；D. relief解脱。根据下文“You could imagine how overjoyed we were to receive it,which was enough to bring us through the desperate time. (你可以想象，我们收到它是多么的高兴，这足以让我们度过绝望的时光)”可知，作者一家的经济情况达到了绝望的程度，故选B项。
4．考查名词所有格词义辨析。句意：为了不让接收者感到羞耻，人们偷偷地把钱放进一个募捐箱里，每个信封上只有接收者的名字。A. receiver’s接收人的；B. giver’s赠予人的；C. organizer’s组织者的；D. partner’s伙伴的。根据上文“our community gave us an envelope (社区给了我们一个信封)”可知，信封上面写的是我们的名字，我们是接收者，故选A项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，信封被分发给这些人，而他们不知道赠予者的名字。A. related联系；B. contributed贡献；C. distributed分发；D. devoted奉献。根据下文“without them knowing the givers’ names (不知道赠予者的名字)”可知，这是分发信封的方式，故选C项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不禁想知道是谁送了这么慷慨的礼物。A. recall回忆；B. infer推理；C. imagine想象；D. wonder想知道。根据上文“Then the envelopes are distributed to those members without them knowing the givers’ names (信封被分发给这些人，而他们不知道赠予者的名字)”以及下文“We were enormously grateful(我们非常感激)”可知，我们得到了帮助，非常感激，但又不知道谁帮助了我们，想知道这个人是谁，故选D项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，我们才发现他的储蓄账户几乎是空的。A. discovered发现；B. thought思考；C. ensured确保；D. admitted承认。根据下文“his saving account was almost empty (他的储蓄账户几乎是空的)”可知，他的账户是空的，这是我们发现的，故选A项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们非常失望，反复要求他说出钱去了哪里。A. pessimistic悲观的；B. disappointed失望的；C. frightened害怕的；D. guilty内疚的。根据上文“we discover his saving account was almost empty. We’d trusted him to put the wages from his part-time job into the bank. (我们发现他的储蓄账户几乎是空的。我们原本相信他会把兼职工作的工资存入银行)”可知，我们对他很失望，故选B项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，在极大的犹豫之下，我儿子最终承认前一年是他为我们把积蓄放进了募捐箱。A. interaction互动；B. explanation解释；C. expectation期待；D. hesitation犹豫。根据下文“my son eventually admitted (我儿子最终承认)”可知，儿子是犹豫了很长时间才告知真相，故选D项。
10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他花了好几年时间存了这笔钱，并心甘情愿地把钱给了我们，却没有告诉我们他做了什么。A. obviously显而易见地；B. willingly乐意地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. accidentally偶然地。根据下文“without telling us what he had done (没有告诉我们他做了什么)”可知，他愿意这么做，故选B项。
11．surrounded 12．what 13．has expanded

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者站在湖岸边，看着鞋子周围的小石子，油然而生对生活的感悟。
11．考查时态。句意：站在湖岸上，我忍不住欣赏着鞋子周围的数百块小石头。分析句子结构，空白处在定语从句中作谓语，因句子表达的是一个过去的动作，应使用一般过去时，故填surrounded。
12．考查名词性从句。句意：我想知道我们能从一堆石头中学到什么。分析句子结构，这是一个包含宾语从句的复合句，因空白处在句子中做主语表示内容，使用what引导定语从句，故填what。
13．考查时态。句意：随着时间的推移，我发现自己的态度被软化了，理解他人的欲望也扩大了。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，谓语动词使用现在完成时，故填has expanded。
14．of 15．be found 16．extremely 17．our

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了石油控制着我们生活的方方面面。
14．考查介词。句意：石油主宰着我们生活的方方面面。根据空白处上文“aspect (方面)”以及下文“our life (我们生活)”可知上下文之间为所属关系，故填of。
15．考查被动语态。句意：此外，它甚至可以在我们食物生长的土壤的肥料中找到。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，与主语之间为被动关系，应使用被动语态，因空白处前面有情态动词can，空白处只需填be+过去分词，故填be found。
16．考查副词。句意：石油使国家变得极其富有，而石油短缺会使经济陷入瘫痪。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用副词，故填extremely。
17．考查代词。句意：简而言之，这种黑色粘稠的物质一直在统治着我们的世界。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，应使用形容词性物主代词，故填our。
18．hitting 19．To sense 20．which

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍我们是怎样感知到冷的。
18．考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：当我们在冬天外出时，冷风穿过我们的衣服，猛烈地袭击我们的身体部位。此处句子主语cold wind和动词hit之间是主动关系，是现在分词作伴随状语。故填hitting。
19．考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：为了感知寒冷，大脑使用一种名为TRPM8的受体。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，且to的首字母大写。故填To sense。
20．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：当TRPM8受到刺激时，它会向大脑发送一个电信号，大脑将这个信号理解为“冷”。此处the brain作先行词，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，定语从句由关系代词which引导。故填which。
21．B 22．A 23．A

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了旅游的几种创造性形式，如导游徒步旅行、自助徒步旅行、海岸漫步和丛林漫步。
21．细节理解题。根据“Guided Walking Tours”部分的“Guided walking tours are an informative and fun way to deeply understand the area about a city’s history and the people there(导游徒步旅行是一种信息丰富、有趣的方式，可以深入了解该地区的城市历史和那里的人们)”可知，导游徒步旅行可以让你深入了解这一区域，故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据“Bush Walking Tours”部分的“At the very least you should let your family or friends know where you are going.This is useful if you get lost(至少你应该让你的家人或朋友知道你要去哪里。如果你迷路了，这很有用)”可知，Bush walking tours需要提前告知家人，故选A项。
23．推理判断题。根据“Guided Walking Tours”部分的“You can take this kind of tour anytime and anywhere(你可以随时随地参加这种旅行).”、“Self-Guided Walking Tours”部分的“You can take them in any season you like(你可以在任何你喜欢的季节参加)”、“Coastal Walking Tours”部分的“Coastal walks are for all year round.( 海岸步道全年开放)”以及“Bush Walking Tours”部分的“Bush walks can be a family activity with your dog throughout the year(布什散步可以是一年中与你的狗一起进行的家庭活动)”可知，这些旅游的共同之处是你可以在一年中随时参与，故选A项。
24．D 25．D 26．C

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了Santellano开车带着两个孩子时，突然遭遇车祸，幸亏得到了好心人的救助才得以获救。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Suddenly, a red pickup truck cut them off. Santellano turned the wheel hard to the right, sending the car running off the road and down an embankment(路堤)that ended in a drop-off after about 50 feet. (突然，一辆红色皮卡挡住了他们的去路。Santellano使劲向右转方向盘，导致汽车冲出公路，冲下了路堤，在行驶了大约50英尺后停了下来。)”可知，Santellano在避让红色皮卡车的时候，使汽车冲出了公路，滑下了路堤。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“With the car secured the group carefully opened the back doors and helped the children out.(固定好车后，这群人小心翼翼地打开后门，把孩子们救了出来。)”以及第四段“But their departure shifted the car’s weight, causing it to lean forward.(但他们的离开改变了汽车的重量，导致汽车前倾。)”可知，汽车之所以前倾是因为两个孩子离开了车，使汽车失去了平衡。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Jacob Rodriguez, a veteran, watched the scene unfold from the company where he works. Then, he and four other men ran to the car. They leaped onto the trunk to balance the weight as the terrified kids in the back seat watched.(Jacob Rodriguez是一名退伍军人，他在自己工作的公司目睹了这一幕。然后，他和另外四个人跑向汽车。他们跳上后备箱平衡重量，后座上吓坏了的孩子们看着他们。)”可知，Jacob目睹事故之后，就赶紧前去帮忙，说明他们乐于助人；再根据第三段“Julio jumped out of the car to help while Marco went to the shop, grabbed a heavy-duty strap and returned to the dangling car. He tied the car to and F-350 truck that had been driven over by one of the other rescuers.( Julio跳下车来帮忙，而Marco去了商店，抓起一根结实的皮带，回到了摇摇晃晃的车上。他把车绑在一辆F-350卡车上，这辆卡车是被另一名救援人员开来的。)”可判断，他们对于这种情况的处理是非常专业的。故选C。
27．C 28．C 29．D 30．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了国家电力系统启用了氢动力无人机，应用于电网检查。
27．细节理解题。根据第三段“There exists a certain threat to inspection safety if the drone falls out of control due to its use of large-capacity lithium battery pack, which easily leads to burn and explode.( 如果无人机由于使用大容量锂电池组而失控，很容易导致燃烧和爆炸，则对检查安全构成一定威胁)”可知，传统的无人机如果失控会导致燃烧，故选C项。
28．主旨大意题。根据第五段“It is learned that it offers power autonomy of 2 hours, about four times that of the lithium battery drone. The life of hydrogen fuel cell is more than 2000 hours,about 20 times that of the lithium battery.( 据悉，它提供2小时的电力自主性，大约是锂电池无人机的四倍。氢燃料电池的寿命超过2000小时，大约是锂电池的20倍)”可知第五段主要讲的是“蜻蜓”无人机比锂电池无人机的优势，故选C项。
29．细节理解题。根据第五段“It is tested that the “Qingting”drone fails to burn or explode when it falls out of control,which performs better in safety.( 经测试，“蜻蜓”无人机在失控时不会燃烧或爆炸，安全性能更好)”可知文章说的是“蜻蜓”无人机在失控状态下不会爆炸，并未提及这种无人机能防止氢电池爆炸，故选D项。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Next, the company will expand the multi-directional application of hydrogen drones in inspection for power grid by carrying different functional equipment to make breakthroughs in the technical barriers. Moreover, under the national policy of actively promoting the application of clean energy, accelerating the development of hydrogen fuel cells in the field of unmanned aviation vehicles(UAVs)is of significance(下一步，该公司将通过携带不同的功能设备，扩大氢能无人机在电网检测中的多向应用，以突破技术壁垒。此外，在积极推动清洁能源应用的国家政策下，加快氢燃料电池在无人驾驶航空飞行器领域的发展具有重要意义)”可推理出，氢燃料在许多领域都有着光明的前景，故选B项。
31．A 32．A 33．D 34．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述许多行业正面临劳动力短缺的问题，同时因机器人的大量出现，很多人担心失去工作岗位，而多项研究发现事实并非如此，拥有更多的机器人来提高生产力将是一件好事。作者认为没有证据表明机器人会导致大面积失业。
31．词义猜测题。根据第一段划线词上文“Warehousing has grown rapidly.( 仓储业发展迅速)”以及下文“picking items off shelves and helping people pack an exponentially rising numbers of boxes.( 它可以从货架上挑选物品，并帮助人们打包数量呈指数级增长的盒子)”可推理出划线词的含义为“必不可少”，与A项表达的含义一致，故选A项。
32．推理判断题。根据第四段“For all that, the march of the robots will bring big changes to workplaces. The skills and firms that are rewarded will shift,too.But that need not be the disaster many fear. One supposed example of “bad automation” is self-service checkouts in supermarkets because they displace human workers.( 尽管如此，机器人的发展将给工作场所带来巨大的变化。技能和得到回报的公司也将发生变化。但这未必是许多人担心的灾难。一个被认为是“糟糕的自动化”的例子是超市的自助结账，因为它们取代了人工。)”可知提到“糟糕的自动化”是要证明机器人并不意味着灾难，故选A项。
33．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“As jobs change, workers should be helped to acquire new skills, including how to work with and manage the robots that will increasingly be their colleagues(随着工作的变化，应该帮助工人获得新的技能，包括如何与机器人合作和管理机器人，这些机器人将越来越多地成为他们的同事)”可知，作者认为机器人和人可能成为同事，故选D项。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The potential gains from the robot revolution have just started. It won’t be the plot in some films where the robots fight against their human masters and cause mass unemployment(机器人革命的潜在收益才刚刚开始。这不会是一些电影中机器人与人类主人战斗并导致大规模失业的情节)”可推理出，作者认为没有证据表明机器人会造成人类大面积失业，故选B项。
35．G 36．D 37．E 38．F 39．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。散步被认为是最好的运动之一。对许多人来说，每天散步对身体和精神都有巨大而长期的好处。然而，这个习惯不仅仅是一个健康的习惯，也是创造力的必要因素。斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，与坐着相比，走路时人们更有创造力。
35．根据空白处上文“For many people,daily walking offers massive and long-term physical and mental benefits(对许多人来说，每天散步对身体和精神都有巨大而长期的好处)”以及下文“A Stanford University study found that participants were more creative when walking as opposed to sitting(斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，与坐着相比，参与者在走路时更有创造力).”可知，此处上下文说的是走路不仅有益于身体健康，也是有利于创造力的培养，G项“However, this habit isn’t just a healthy habit but a necessary element of creativity(然而，这个习惯不仅是一个健康的习惯，也是创造力的必要因素)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。
36．根据下文“Our creative mindset is triggered by physical movement(我们的创造性思维是由身体运动引发的)”可知，走路时的身体运动很重要，D项“The physical movement during walking is obviously key(走路时的身体运动显然是关键)”表达的含义一致，讲述身体运动是重要的。故选D项。
37．根据上文“Just by going outside, you are stepping out of your habitual surroundings and your comfort zone,which is necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities(只要走出去，你就走出了你习惯的环境和舒适区，如果你想打开你的思维，接受新的可能性，这是必要的)”可知此处说的是要到外面去走走，E项“You can walk through a park and observe people relaxing or birds singing(你可以穿过公园，观察人们放松或鸟儿唱歌)”符合语境，承接上文，故选E项。
38．根据空白处上文“Shinrin-yoku, a common form of relaxation in Japan, suggests that being in the forest and walking among the trees can lower your stress levels. (Shinrin yoku是日本一种常见的放松方式，它建议在森林里和树间散步可以降低你的压力水平)”以及下文“Research has shown that immersion in nature and the disconnection from multimedia increased performance on a creative problem-solving task in a group of hikers.(研究表明，沉浸在大自然中并与多媒体的脱离提高了一群徒步旅行者创造性解决问题的能力)”可知此处上下文说的是在森林中散步是有益的，但是不在森林中一样可以收到同样的效果，F项“But you don’t have to live near a forest to receive the psychological benefits.(但你不必住在森林附近才能获得心理上的好处)”符合语境，承上启下，故选F项。
39．根据下文“For example,you can turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to be present in the world,to hear conversations and natural sounds, and to notice the way people move and the way the sun reflects in a lake.( 例如，你可以关掉手机，让自己有机会出现在这个世界上，听到对话声和自然的声音，注意人们走动的方式和阳光在湖中的反射方式)”可知，此处说的是要更加近地走进你周围的环境，B项“Engage more closely with your surroundings(更紧密地参与你的环境)”符合语境，故选B项。
40．People who express gratitude will increase their happiness levels, lower their blood pressure, and get better sleep. 41．They are more likely to return the favor or pass kindness on, and their chances of being helpful again double. 42．Saying “thank-you” improves relationships, but nowadays some young people don’t want to do it because everything is making them feel blamed by the whole society.
Everything is making some people feel they’re the center of the world. 43．I would like to express gratitude to my parents most, because they have always supported me through thick and thin, and have sacrificed a lot to provide me with the best opportunities in life.

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了感激以及被感激都会对我们的身心带来积极的影响。
40．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“People who express gratitude will increase their happiness levels, lower their blood pressure and get better sleep.(表达感激之情的人会增加他们的幸福感，降低他们的血压，并获得更好的睡眠。)”可知，表达感激之情的人会增加幸福感、降低血压并获得更好地睡眠。故答案为People who express gratitude will increase their happiness levels, lower their blood pressure, and get better sleep。
41．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“When someone is thanked, he’s more likely to return the favor or pass kindness on, and his chances of being helpful again doubles, probably because he enjoys feeling socially valued.(当有人被感谢时，他更有可能回报你的帮助或传递善意，他帮助别人的可能性会增加一倍，可能是因为他喜欢被社会重视的感觉。)”可知，当一个人被感谢了之后，他极有可能回报别人或传递爱意，而且他们帮助别人的可能性也会翻倍。故答案为They are more likely to return the favor or pass kindness on, and their chances of being helpful again double。
42．考查推理判断。根据文章第六段“Nowadays, however, many people don’t express gratitude. Our modern lifestyle may be to blame. With commercial and social media, everything is speeding the younger generation to feel they’re the center of the world.(然而，现在很多人不表达感激之情。我们的现代生活方式可能是罪魁祸首。随着商业和社交媒体的发展，一切都在促使年青一代觉得自己是世界的中心。)”可知，年轻人不愿意表达感激之情是因为社会的发展让年青一代觉得自己是世界的中心。由此判断Saying “thank-you” improves relationships, but nowadays some young people don’t want to do it because everything is making them feel blamed by the whole society.中的“because everything is making them feel blamed by the whole society.”是错误的。故答案为Saying “thank-you” improves relationships, but nowadays some young people don’t want to do it because everything is making them feel blamed by the whole society.
Everything is making some people feel they’re the center of the world.
43．开放题。要求考生谈谈最想感谢的人以及原因，考生言之有理即可。参考答案为I would like to express gratitude to my parents most, because they have always supported me through thick and thin, and have sacrificed a lot to provide me with the best opportunities in life.
44．Dear Jim,
How’s everything going?To advocate the spirit of innovation and devotion, our school will organize a trip to the exhibition of achievements in China’s manned spaceflight program. Knowing you’re interested in China’s spaceflight industry, I’m writing to invite you to join us.
The activity will be held in National Museum at 8 a.m.this Sunday. First, we’ll see the models of the space station and rockets to get deeper insights into China’s spaceflight. Then we’ll enjoy various pictures and videos shot during the space missions, which will vividly show Chinese astronauts’ life in space. Besides, with instructions of volunteers, we’ll know about the glorious stories behind the spaceflight program.
Would you like to come? Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的邀请信。要求考生给交换生Jim写一封邮件邀请他参加学校组织的中国载人航天工程成就展。
【详解】1.词汇积累
对……感兴趣：be interested in→ show interest in
首先：first→ first of all /initially
各种各样：various → a variety of
此外：besides → what’s more/moreover
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：First, we’ll see the models of the space station and rockets to get deeper insights into China’s spaceflight.
拓展句：First, we’ll see the models of the space station and rockets so that we can get deeper insights into China’s spaceflight.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing you’re interested in China’s spaceflight industry, I’m writing to invite you to join us.（运用了现在分词作状语和省略连接词that的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Then we’ll enjoy various pictures and videos shot during the space missions, which will vividly show Chinese astronauts’ life in space.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）