高考英语语法填空专项训练

这是一份高考英语语法填空专项训练，共35页。

用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Here is a little tale about the Chinese zodiac ____1____(know) as Shengxiao, and ____2____the rat became the first sign.
Legends tell us there was a great race between the ____3____(animal) to decide the order of the lunar calendar. The finish line laid on a vast river, but the cunning rat hitched a ride on ox’s shoulder, singing a song to make a go faster, and got to ____4____opposite bank without even ____5____(get) his feet wet. Just before the finish line he quickly jumped off and slipped ahead to take first place. Diligent ox came second while ____6____(speed) tiger and rabbit in third and fourth. Parting the clouds, brave dragon flew into fifth with small snake moving just behind. They ____7____(follow) by horse and sheep, two kind and modest animals who each let the other go first. Monkey had fallen behind but made up ground to come ____8____(nine), while rooster, dog and pig killed the last three places. With the race over and the places ____9____(decide), the 12-year cycle of the Chinese zodiac came ____10____being.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。
Spring is the season for new life. In China, the peak time for spring plowing and sowing is around the Qingming Festival, which falls ____11____ Wednesday this year, when people from all walks of life go out and plant trees____12____ (make) the land greener.
From top leaders to ordinary citizens, ____13____ (plant) trees has been a widespread practice for the Chinese, ____14____ voluntarily take part in the country’s massive greening efforts ____15____ (year) to show just how much the world’s second-largest economy values greenness and ecological conservation.
Since ____16____ start of afforestation (植树造林) decades ago, China ____17____ (create) the world’s largest, planted forests. Thick forests have also become a substantial source of income for ____18____ (local). Last year, the output value of China’s forestry and grassland industry reached about 1. 22 trillion dollars, while the foreign trade volume of forest products ____19____ (be) 191 billion dollars. Green development with both ecological and economic benefits is a highlight and distinctive feature of Chinese modernization.
Under a long-term plan, China expects to increase its forest _____20_____ (cover) rate to 26 percent by 2035. By then, China’s forest stock volume will rise to 21 billion cubic meters.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In Fujian province, over 3,000 Tulou scatter (散落) in the mountains, more than any other province in China. Some of them are circular, while others are rectangular (方形的). They also vary ____21____ size and height.
A Tulou usually has 3 to 5 floors, covering ____22____ area of around 5,000 square meters. A Tulou can accommodate hundreds of people, who live and work together, ____23____ (share) the public areas, as well as the public ____24____ (facility) such as the well and the stairs. So, a Tulou ____25____ (function) as a village unit. It brings unity to all the villagers, passing down the traditional culture.
The ____26____ (early) Tulou was built in the 13th century, when the Hakka people moved to Fujian during the war. ____27____ (settle) here permanently, the Hakka people built the Tulou based on the local geographical environment, for both living and defense purposes. Featuring mud walls ____28____ are over one meter thick, a specially-designed entrance, high windows and secret tunnels (地道), the Tulou can defend against enemies effectively.
In 2008, the Fujian Tulou were on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List. Nowadays, the Tulou are no longer defensive buildings, ____29____ they still reflect the ideas of harmony and cooperation while living together.
When you get a chance, why not visit Fujian Tulou and take a look at these ____30____ (impress) earthen buildings?

用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。
Good morning, and welcome to your tour of Bob and Betty’s Ice Cream Factory. Here you’ll learn a lot about how ice cream ____31____ (make)! Let’s begin.
In this room, cream will be taken out of our large refrigerators first. Then the cream ____32____ (put) into this machine. While the cream is mixing, sugar will be poured ( 倒 ) slowly into the cream by our ice cream makers.
Today we are making banana nut ice cream. Right now, different kinds of nuts are being chopped (切碎) in a large chopper. It’s a very expensive machine, but it chops nuts very quickly.
When the nuts and bananas are ready, they ____33____ (add) to the sugar and cream in a special machine that ____34____ (invent) by Betty a few years ago.
The ice cream ____35____ (keep) in a large cold room until it ____36____ (send) by trucks all over the country.
That is the end of our tour. Thank you for visiting our factory, and now we’d like to invite you to go to our tasting room, where our delicious ice cream can ____37____ (enjoy) by all our visitors.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
At a traditional wedding here in my country, the most important stages (阶段) ____38____ (be) the ceremony and the reception (a large formal party). Family and friends ____39____ (give) jobs and responsibilities and have to help at different times of the day. These include the best man, the bride’s (新娘的) father, ____40____ the bridesmaids.
____41____ (traditional), the groom ( 新 郎 ) shouldn’t see the bride’s dress before the wedding ceremony. The best man should be the groom’s best friend and has many important responsibilities. He has to accompany (陪同) the groom to the ceremony and mustn’t forget ____42____ (bring) the rings. He also has to give a speech. This is usually about the groom, but it shouldn’t be too ____43____ (embarrass) for him.
The bridesmaids have to help the bride on her wedding day. After the ceremony, the bride should throw a bouquet of ____44____ (flower) over her shoulder.
After the ceremony, there is usually a party ____45____ (call) the “reception”. All the guests____46____ go to the reception should bring a gift for the bride and groom. At the reception, the bride and groom and their families have to line up and welcome the guests and _____47_____ is usually the bride’s father who gives a speech after the meal.

Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A Very Brief History of Greetings
Physical greetings may be part of human nature, but they also vary hugely from culture to culture. The oldest evidence of the handshake, for example, can be seen in an Assyrian (亚述人) relief from the 9th century BC, which shows King Shalmaneser’s ____48____(seal) an alliance with a clasp of the hand. Handshaking can also be found in ancient Greek literature as a sign of hospitality.
Evidence of kissing is even older. The social kiss dates to at least the Roman Empire, where it ____49____(see) as a greeting between equals. The emperor Tiberius, who reigned from AD 14 to 37, banned the practice at court receptions, since it was believed to spread a dangerous facial infection. The ban didn’t last for long; cheek-kissing ____50____ (remain) particularly popular across southern Europe so far.
Some cultures touch noses as a greeting. This is known as the hongi to New Zealand’s Maori population, to ____51____the “sharing of breath” is considered to symbolize the unity between two people. It can also be found in some Inuit (因纽特人) cultures,____52____it isn’t as widespread as the cliche of the “Eskimo kiss” would suggest.
Many cultures prefer socially distanced greetings, such as bowing, to symbolize trust and cooperation, and these, too, are ancient. Bow greetings are still common in countries such as India, Japan, and Thailand. In Tibet, China, people will stick their tongues out of their mouth ____53____(show) their friendly intentions.
These distanced greetings remain the safest option for anyone who wants to convey good wishes ____54____getting too close and personal. However, some more recently ____55____(invent) greetings might serve as alternatives. There is evidence ____56____the fists bump, which emerged in the 1960s, lowers the risk of transmitting a disease compared with a more formal handshake. Along with the elbow bump, which seems _____57_____(originate) in the 1980s, it may become much more common now that the covid-19 pandemic has increased our awareness of the disease-transmitting potential of more intimate greetings.

语法填空
The first people to come to Canada arrived between 15,000 and 30,000 years ago across a land bridge ___58___ joined Asia and North America. Around AD．1000, the Viking ___59___(explore) Leif Eriksson reached Newfoundland, Canada. He tried to establish a ____60____(settle), but it didn’t last long.
In the 16th century, French and British settlers arrived. Land ____61____(dispute) between farmers and fur traders led to four wars between 1689 and 1763. The final war, called the French and Indian War, left the British in control ____62____ Canada, but French influence continued and ___63___(remain) strong even today.
In 1867, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick combined to form ___64___ dominion with its own government, parliament and prime minister – and Manitoba joined soon after. In 1931, Canada became an ____65____(depend) nation.
___66___(follow) numerous territorial changes over the years, today Canada ____67____( comprise) of ten provinces and three territories.

语法填空
Canada is one ____68____(serious) huge place! ___69___(measure) 4,600km from north to south, the country spans more than half the Northern Hemisphere. And at a whopping 5,500km from east to west, it stretches across six time ___70___(zone)! A vast, rugged land, Canada is ____71____ second largest country in the world (Russia being the largest) but only 0.5% of the world’s population live there.
Canada has a ____72____(vary) landscape, with majestic mountains, rolling plains, forested valleys, and beautiful blue rivers and lakes. The Canadian Shield, a ___73___(hill) region of lakes and swamps, stretches across northern Canada ____74____ has some of the oldest rocks on Earth.
In Canada’s far north ___75___(lie) the frozen Arctic. Here, ice, snow and glaciers dominate the landscape. Despite the cold, harsh climate, Native Canadians, ___76___(call) First Nations people, live in this region, ______77______ they hunt and fish for food.

阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In China, there are 44 national-level intangible cultural heritage items related ___78___ tea, including the art of making Biluochun, ___79___ type of green tea. With a history of about 1,000 years, Biluochun, ___80___ translates as “green spiral spring (碧螺春)”, is made from tender tea shoots. It is known for its spiral-like ___81___ (appear).
To make this tea, the tea trees and fruit trees ___82___ (plant) together. The practice, passed down from ancestors, guarantees the ___83___ (tea) fruity and sweet taste.
Traditionally, Biluochun is produced ___84___ (entire) by hand. About 1 kilogram of leaves ___85___ (pick) from a big tea tree produce only 0.1 kilogram of tea after processing.
Biluochun must be processed soon after. Tender tea shoots are placed in a heated iron pan and stirred (搅拌) quickly. A person needs to be particularly attentive ___86___ (adjust) the level of heat to judge the condition of the tea by smell. Next ____87____ (come) the shaping process. By stirring, shaking and rubbing the tea leaves in the pan at 100℃, they begin to dry and develop a spiral form. The entire process usually takes about 40 minutes. Every minute matters, or the tea will not taste good.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When I think about what makes Christmas so magical, it’s not just gifts and Father Christmas ____88____ come to mind. It’s also my memory of Granny. I can well remember the last Christmas Granny ____89____(spend) with us. On a cold, windy day, Granny moved in. She was very sick. Somehow, I failed to notice it. Granny made ____90____ effort to help me with my letter to Father Christmas. ____91____ her hand slightly shaky, she wrote “Father Christmas, the North Pole” on the envelope.
In December, we made sugar biscuits, ____92____ (stuff) the turkey and sang Christmas songs. Granny had patience to sing my favorite part over and over again. Granny watched as we put up the Christmas tree. I was the one ____93____ hung most of the decorations on the branches.
On Christmas morning, I was on my best ____94____(behave) as we opened the presents. Later, Granny called me over. “I have something special for you,” Granny ____95____(whisper). It was a music box with a ballet dancer inside. After breakfast, as I played outside, Granny stayed inside by the fire. I remember ____96____(catch) her eye through the window. I called and asked her to join us, but she just waved. Lunch was late, but it was a loud and exciting affair. There was a lot of laughter.
A few weeks after that Christmas, Granny passed ____97____. I think of her often. Each Christmas, I always make a G-shape sugar biscuit in memory of Granny and take out the music box, which is also a reminder of Granny.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Year in a Word or Two
Can anybody describe a year with only one word?
Each December, the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) nominates (提名) a word to describe the very year ___98___ has just passed.
2020 was a very unusual year that was really worthy ___99___ (describe) with two words. Two of the obvious words the OED suggested were “pandemic (疫情)” and “lockdown,” due to most of human activities across the globe ___100___ (bring) to a stop by the life-threatening disease. Businesses have been closed and people have had to stay in their homes for weeks or even months on end.
___101___ I would like to nominate “cooperation” and “hope” as my words of the year because it is supposed to be described in a more positive and ___102___ (helpless) way, because there was a great deal of cooperation between countries and international health organizations. China took a leading role in this effort by sending masks and protective clothing to Canada, the United States and Europe, ___103___ to countries in the Middle East and Africa. Without this cooperation, the pandemic, bad ___104___ it has been, could have been much worse.
And that brings me to my second word: hope. We are beginning to see the light at the end of the tunnel, and, with a little “hope,” we will get to see the world begin to return to normal.
For young people, it was the first time that they ___105___ (experience) something big, a worry that they shared with their families, friends and neighbors, and a suffering ___106___ (endure) at this moment and to be endured next few weeks. And they also learned that “hope” — the belief that ____107____ you will see tomorrow will be better than today — is at the heart of every human being.
With “cooperation” and “hope,” 2021 should make for a wonderful year.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is one of the world’s oldest civilizations with numerous national treasures like Chinese cuisine. Starting over 4000 years ago, Chinese cuisine has ____108____ long history. Famous all over the world, Chinese cookery has developed over the centuries, forming a rich ____109____ (culture) content. It is characterized by fine ____110____ (select) of ingredients, precise processing, particular care to the amount of fire, and substantial nourishment. Local flavors (风味), snacks and special dishes have formed according to the region, local ____111____ (product), climate, historical factors and eating habits.
In China delicious food is often linked ____112____ festivals and celebrations. For example, Jiaozi is eaten during the Spring Festival and moon cakes ____113____ (serve) for the Middle Autumn Festival. ____114____ (enrich) the life of the people and promote the development of Chinese tourism, various kinds of Delicacy Festivals (美食节) are held every year in different regions of China. Delicious Chinese food, ____115____ is one of the most important parts of China’s abundant tourism resources, ____116____ (draw) the attention of thousands of tourists to China. While ____117____ (visit) scenic Chinese tourist attractions, they can also taste delicious food.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
For most of her life, Anna Mary Roberts worked very hard making a living on a farm. She began to paint ___118___ her seventies. She displayed her artworks in her town when she was eighty. The paintings ___119___ (notice) by an art collector, who recognized Anna’s remarkable talent. He bought all the paintings on display. Later, three of her paintings were exhibited in one of the most well-known art ___120___ (museum) in New York City. Soon, people around the world heard of Anna and her delightful artworks. People loved looking at the old-fashioned scenes that Anna had created.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Rainforests are thick forests in the hot parts of the world. They have a great effect ____121____the world environment. For example, they play ____122____part in controlling the climate. Without ____123____(they), climate would change a lot. What’s more, many plant are of ____124____ (important) in medical value.
However, in the past hundred years,humans ____125____(begin) destroying rainforests to search for land and wood. The ____126____(hard) we harvest from them, the more carbon dioxide is released into the air,____127____affects the climate, environment and ourselves as a whole. Meanwhile, we are losing the opportunity ____128____(explore) the medical use of the plants. With the population growing ____129____(rapid), we indeed have an increasing need for ____130____(resource),but we will suffer more in the end if we keep on doing so.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
From writing Shakespeare-style poetry to making music, ChatGPT, a powerful AI chatbot tool, has amazed the world since it ____131____(launch)in late 2022 by the US-based company OpenAI. The AI program can answer questions on unbelievable___132___(various) of topics, and write essays, stories and any other written texts you can think of. It does this by drawing____133____ information collected from a large corpus (语料库) of text data. ____134____ its frighteningly good essays, ChatGPT has also caused both excitement and worries in education.
Some universities and schools have banned the use of ChatGPT, such as public schools in New York City, CNN reported. The move comes with growing concerns that the tool, ____135____(feature) quick and easy answer to questions, could make it easier for students to cheat on assignments and be used to spread inaccurate information.
“While the tool may be able to provide some instant answers to questions, it does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, ____136____are essential for academic and lifelong success,” Jenna Lyle, the deputy press secretary of the New York City Department of Education, said in a statement.
Apart from strict bans, teachers are redesigning their courses in an attempt____137____(block) the use of ChatGPT. Some college professors in the US are now including more oral exams and handwritten papers instead of typed ones, The New York Times reported.
However, not all educators are saying “no” to ChatGPT. Bhaskar Vira, pro-vice-chancellor for education at University of Cambridge in the UK, said that bans on AI software like ChatGPT are anything____138____sensible (明智的).“What makes ChatGPT so ____139____(impress) is that it’s not actually fundamentally new technology. I’m of the opinion that we have to recognize that AI is a tool people will use but then adapt our learning, teaching and examination processes so that we can continue to have integrity (诚实) while recognizing the use of the tool,” he told Varsity, the school newspaper of the university.
Vira’s stance on ChatGPT is shared by Peter van der Putten, assistant professor at Leiden University in the Netherlands. “It’s there, just how like Google is there. You can write it into your policies for stopping cheating but it’s_____140_____reality that the tool exists,” he told Sky News.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
____141____(build) by the local Zhuang and Yao people between the Yuan Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, ____142____ Longji Rice Terraces show different colors with the change of seasons. Every year, thousands of visitors ____143____(attract) to come and admire this great wonder. The terraces could not only increase the areas for people to grow rice, but also catch rainwater and prevent the soil from ____144____(wash) away. What is most ____145____(significance) is that people have worked in harmony ____146____ nature. The terraces are ____147____(clever) designed with hundreds of waterways, ____148____ forms an ecological circulation (循环). Today, both modern ____149____(method) and traditional knowledge are used _____150_____(maintain) the terraces. We are proud of our ancestors’ wisdom.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Since the pre-Qin period, Chengdu____151____(be) an important cultural town in China. But____152____really sets the city apart, culturally, is its opera. An important aspect of Sichuan Opera is____153____magic of “face changing” where vividly coloured masks are changed within the blink of an eye. In opera gardens and tea houses across the town, audiences____154____(want) a glimpse of the local culture love to drink tea while listening to Sichuan Opera and watching face changing.
It is believed that “face changing” has its roots in evolution. Early humans needed survival strategies to avoid fierce animals and foreign____155____(invade). Often, aggressive facial gestures and non-verbal cues were part of it. The Sichuan Opera is said____156____(bring) this range of emotions on stage.
Once the performance starts, the actor keeps pulling down one mask after____157____in swift movements to convey different emotions.____158____(astonish), no matter how close one is____159____the stage, they just can’t tell how the masks change.
In fact, the different kinds of characters and personalities that Sichuan Opera brings alive can_____160_____(find) among common people. This is why its emotions will continue to resonate with people for a long time.

语法填空
Learning Chinese calligraphy ____161____ (list) as one of the must-do things when I came to China. Now, I’m in the course of learning this unique art, ____162____ value is considered very high in China, even across East Asia today. It is not only ____163____ ancient artistic form of human language, but it also reflects Chinese traditions.
As someone who paints, draws, and loves all ____164____ (create) things, at first, I assumed I would be rather good at Chinese calligraphy. I was ____165____ (total) wrong. Using thick brush tips to produce awkward brush strokes (笔画) ____166____ (be) very difficult for a beginner. I have no idea about the different ____167____ (type) of calligraphy and the meanings ____168____ (hide) behind each one. Also, I have to hold the paintbrush ____169____ a very specific way; unlike a pen or pencil, the paintbrush is held upright in the hand. I need to be extra careful when changing the angle or direction of the brush, especially if I press too hard on the paper.
After taking the lesson, I now understand the difficulty of calligraphy and that it will take efforts and commitment _____170_____ (master) this art form. Yet, I am grateful to learn such a special Chinese tradition.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jaws, the 1975 film, tells the story of a great white shark that attacks s and kills swimmers. In the opening scene, a woman swimming at night in a dark sea ____171____(pull) underwater suddenly. She surfaces, cries in fear, then disappears forever.
People have always been scared of sharks, but Jaws made things even ____172____(bad). It made people ____173____(frighten) of sharks, especially of the great white shark. Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ____174____(eat) humans. Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film. Other people started fishing for sharks, ____175____(kill) as many as they could. At that time, nobody cared if sharks were killed, ____176____how many were killed. People just wanted them killed.
Jaws was ____177____great success, attracting huge audiences and winning many awards. It strengthened people’s long-held idea of the great white shark ____178____a dangerous animal.
____179____(fortunate), not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks-some became interested in understanding them. Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from _____180_____(extinct).

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I have been in Taiyuan, the provincial capital of Shanxi, for two years since I ____181____(admit) to a PhD program in Shanxi University as an international student from Bangladesh.
Over the two years, I found myself falling in love with Shanxi and China as I got more ____182____(absorb) in local lives and got more familiar ____183____ the city, the province and the country. I must admit that it’s normal to feel lonely when ____184____(start) a new life in a new place. You have to adapt to everything－food, language and culture. ____185____, my adaptation didn’t take a long period of time. I have got used to eating noodles for breakfast and using online payment via my smart phone very quickly. After a while at the university, I didn’t feel much pressure in my study. There is still enough spare time to allow me to visit various parts of Taiyuan and Shanxi and ____186____(make) friends with locals.
My favorite sport is cycling and I find China is very cyclist-friendly because it is ____187____(convenience) to hire bicycles in every city in the country. I like to cycle in the streets in Taiyuan and visit places ____188____ I meet randomly. The cycling tours helped to deepen my understanding of the city.
The city has a history of more than 2,500 years, the ____189____(long) among all cities in China. Plenty of well-preserved ancient structures, like the _____190_____(temple) in Jinci, the double pagodas in Yongzuo Temple, are the material evidence to help you get a glimpse into what ancient China looked like.
I hope more international students come to study in Shanxi University and to live and work in China as the country is full of opportunities.














参考答案：

1．known 2．how/why 3．animals 4．the 5．getting 6．speedy 7．were followed 8．ninth 9．decided 10．into

【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了关于中国十二生肖的小故事，以及为什么老鼠会成为第一个星座。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这里有一个关于中国十二生肖“生肖”的小故事，以及为什么老鼠会成为第一个生肖。be known as固定搭配，意为“被称为”，此处应用过去分词known作后置定语，修饰the Chinese zodiac。故填known。
2．考查宾语从句连接词。句意：这里有一个关于中国十二生肖“生肖”的小故事，以及为什么老鼠会成为第一个生肖。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句结构完整，应该用连接副词引导，根据句意，此处即可译为“为什么老鼠会成为第一个生肖”也可译为“老鼠如何成为第一个生肖”，所以即可用how引导也可以用why引导。故填how或者why。
3．考查名词。句意：传说动物之间有一场伟大的比赛来决定农历的顺序。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词the，所以空处应填名词，animal意为“动物”，为可数名词，根据句意可知，不止一个动物，应用复数形式。故填animals。
4．考查冠词。句意：终点是一条大河，狡猾的老鼠骑在牛的肩上，唱着歌加快了速度，脚都没湿就到了对岸。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：the opposite bank意为“对岸”。故填the。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：终点是一条大河，狡猾的老鼠骑在牛的肩上，唱着歌加快了速度，脚都没湿就到了对岸。分析句子结构可知，此处是without引导的复合结构，get的逻辑主语是rat，两者是主动关系，应该用现在分词形式。故填getting。
6．考查形容词。句意：“勤奋的公牛”名列第二，“敏捷的老虎”和“兔子”名列第三和第四。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，speed的形容词形式是speedy。故填speedy。
7．考查动词时态和语态。句意：紧随其后的是马和羊，这是两种善良而谦虚的动物，它们都让对方先走。分析句子结构，根据空后的by可知，they和动词follow是被动关系，此处应用被动语态，描述的是过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时，主语是they。故填were followed。
8．考查数词。句意：猴子落后了，但取得了第九名的成绩，而公鸡、狗和猪排在了最后三位。分析句子结构可知，此处表达“第九名”之意，应该用序数词。故填ninth。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着比赛的结束和排名的确定，中国十二生肖的12年周期应运而生。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词came，此处是with复合结构，宾语the place和动词decide是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动，作宾语补足语。故填decided。
10．考查介词。句意：随着比赛的结束和排名的确定，中国十二生肖的12年周期应运而生。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：come into being意为“诞生”。故填into。

11．on 12．to make 13．planting 14．who 15．yearly 16．the 17．has created 18．locals 19．was 20．coverage/covering

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是中国植树造林的相关情况以及取得的成就。
11．考查介词。句意：在中国，春耕播种的高峰期是在清明节前后，今年的清明节是周三，这一天，各行各业的人们都出去植树，让土地更绿。分析句子结构可知，此处为时间状语，在星期前应为介词on表示“在具体的某一天”。故填on。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国，春耕播种的高峰期是在清明节前后，今年的清明节是周三，这一天，各行各业的人们都出去植树，让土地更绿。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意可知，此处表示目的，所以使用不定式形式，且表示主动意义。故填to make。
13．考查非谓语动词。句意：从最高领导人到普通公民，植树已经成为中国人普遍的做法，他们每年都自愿参加全国大规模的绿化活动，以显示这个世界第二大经济体对绿色和生态保护的重视程度。分析句子结构可知，所以此处应是动名词形式。故填planting。
14．考查定语从句。句意：从最高领导人到普通公民，植树已经成为中国人普遍的做法，他们每年都自愿参加全国大规模的绿化活动，以显示这个世界第二大经济体对绿色和生态保护的重视程度。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词the Chinese指的是人。故填who。
15．考查副词。句意：从最高领导人到普通公民，植树已经成为中国人普遍的做法，他们每年都自愿参加全国大规模的绿化活动，以显示这个世界第二大经济体对绿色和生态保护的重视程度。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语，year的副词为yearly意为“每年”符合句意。故填yearly。
16．考查冠词。句意：自从几十年前开始植树造林以来，中国已经创造了世界上最大的人工林。分析句子结构可知，start为可数名词点数，此处应为限定词，结合句意可知，此处表示特指，表示“几十年前植树造林的开始”。故填the。
17．考查谓语动词。句意：自从几十年前开始植树造林以来，中国已经创造了世界上最大的人工林。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据since引导的时间状语可知，此处应使用现在完成时，create与主语China之间为主动关系，且主语是第三人称单数。故填has created。
18．考查名词。句意：茂密的森林也成为当地人的重要收入来源。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，local意为“当地人”，为可数名词且无限定词，通常使用复数形式表泛指。故填locals。
19．考查谓语动词。句意：去年，中国林业和草原产业总产值约为1.22万亿美元，林产品对外贸易额为1910亿美元。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语Last year可知，此处应使用一般过去时，主语是第三人称单数。故填was。
20．考查词性转换。句意：根据一项长期计划，中国预计到2035年将森林覆盖率提高到26%。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，cover的名词为covering意为“覆盖”或者coverage意为“覆盖范围”为不可数名词。故填coverage/covering。

21．in 22．an 23．sharing 24．facilities 25．functions 26．earliest 27．To settle 28．that/which 29．but/yet 30．impressive

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了被列入《世界遗产名录》的在我国福建省的土楼。
21．考查介词。句意：它们的大小和高度也各不相同。根据句意可知，此处说明土楼的大小和高度都不同，vary in为固定搭配，意为“在……方面不同”。故填in。
22．考查冠词。句意：土楼一般有3到5层，面积约5000平方米。根据句意可知，此处指土楼的面积有5000平方米，area是泛指，空处需要用不定冠词。area的发音以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an。故填an。
23．考查非谓语动词。句意：一个土楼可以容纳数百人，他们一起生活和工作，共享公共区域，以及公共设施，如井和楼梯。根据句意和句子结构可知，该句中can accommodate为谓语，且前后无连词，空处应该填非谓语，所给词share与被修饰词people构成主动关系，所以需要用现在分词形式作状语。故填sharing。
24．考查名词复数。句意：一个土楼可以容纳数百人，他们一起生活和工作，共享公共区域，以及公共设施，如井和楼梯。根据句意可知，形容词public“公共的”修饰可数名词facility“设施”，因为前面没有表示单数的数词或冠词，故使用复数形式表示泛指。故填facilities。
25．考查动词时态。句意：因此，一个土楼像一个村庄单元一样运作。根据句意可知，此处作谓语动词，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语a Tulou为第三人称单数，故使用三单形式，故填functions。
26．考查形容词的最高级。句意：最早的土楼建于13世纪，当时客家人在战争期间迁往福建。根据句意可知，该处指“最早的土楼”，需用所给词early的最高级形式。故填earliest。
27．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了在这里永久定居，客家人根据当地的地理环境建造了土楼，既有居住的目的，也有防御的目的。根据句意和句子结构可知，句中built为谓语，空处因为非谓语作目的状语，需用动词不定式形式，句首单词首字母大写。故填To settle。
28．考查定语从句。句意：土楼有一米多厚的泥墙，特殊设计的入口，高高的窗户和秘密隧道，可以有效地防御敌人。根据句意和句子结构可知，该空引导限制性定语从句，修饰mud walls，为物，且空处为从句的主语，故填that/which。
29．考查连词。句意：如今，土楼已不再是防御性建筑，但仍然体现了和谐共处的理念。根据句意可知，空处表示转折，连词but和yet都有表示转折的含义。故填but或yet。
30．考查形容词。句意：当你有机会时，为什么不去福建土楼看看这些令人印象深刻的土楼呢？根据句意及句子结构可知，空处为形容词修饰earthen buildings，表示“印象深刻的”为形容词impressive。故填impressive。
31．is made 32．will be put 33．will be added 34．was invented 35．will be kept 36．is sent 37．be enjoyed

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是带领参观鲍勃和贝蒂冰淇淋工厂，解说冰激凌的制造过程。
31．考查时态和语态。句意：在这里你会学到很多关于冰淇淋是如何制作的!让我们开始吧。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处表示的是经常性发生的动作，所以使用一般现在时，make与句子主语ice cream为被动关系，主语为第三人称单数。故填is made。
32．考查时态和语态。句意：然后将奶油放入这台机器。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，结合句意以及上文中的谓语动词“will be taken”可知，此处表示将来的动作，所以使用一般将来时，put与句子作主语the cream之间为被动关系。故填will be put。
33．考查时态和语态。句意：当坚果和香蕉准备好了，它们将在一个由贝蒂几年前发明的特殊的机器里被添加糖和奶油。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据“主将从现”原则，可知，时间状语从句为一般现在时，主句使用一般将来时，add与句子主语they之间为被动关系。故填will be added。
34．考查时态和语态。句意：当坚果和香蕉准备好了，它们将在一个由贝蒂几年前发明的特殊的机器里被添加糖和奶油。分析句子结构可知，此处应为定语从句的谓语动词，根据从句中的时间状语“a few years ago”可知，此处应为一般过去时态，invent与句子主语that指代的先行词a special machine之间为被动关系，且句子主语是第三人称单数。故填was invented。
35．考查时态和语态。句意：冰淇淋将被保存在一个大冷藏室里，直到用卡车送到全国各地。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，结合语境可知，此处描述的是将来的动作，所以使用一般将来时，keep与句子主语the ice cream之间的关系为被动关系。故填will be kept。
36．考查时态和语态。句意：冰淇淋将被保存在一个大冷藏室里，直到用卡车送到全国各地。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据“主将从现”原则，主句为将来时，时间状语从句中的谓语动词应为一般现在时，send与句子主语it之间为被动关系，且主语是第三人称单数。故填is sent。
37．考查动词语态。句意：感谢您参观我们的工厂，现在我们想邀请您去我们的品尝室，在那里我们的美味冰淇淋可以让所有的客人享受。分析句子结构可知，此处应为动词原形，情态动词can后的动词enjoy与句子主语our delicious ice cream之间为被动关系。故填be enjoyed。

38．are 39．are given 40．and 41．Traditionally 42．to bring 43．embarrassing 44．flowers 45．called 46．who/that 47．it

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是中国传统的结婚仪式。
38．考查谓语动词。句意：在我的国家，传统婚礼最重要的阶段是仪式和招待会（一个大型的正式聚会）。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据语境可知，本文客观讲述的结婚仪式，所以应使用一般现在时，句子主语the most important stages是名词复数，故填are。
39．考查谓语动词。句意：家人和朋友被分配了工作和责任，必须在一天中的不同时间提供帮助。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据并列句的谓语动词have to help可知，此处应使用一般现在时，give与句子主语Family and friends之间为被动关系，主语为名词复数。故填are given。
40．考查连词。句意：这些人包括伴郎、新娘的父亲和伴娘。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词连接三个并列名词，结合句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。
41．考查副词。句意：传统上，新郎在婚礼前不应该看到新娘的礼服。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语，修饰整个句子，traditional的副词为traditionally，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Traditionally。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：他必须陪同新郎参加婚礼，千万别忘了带戒指。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作宾语，根据固定用法“forget to do sth.”意为“忘记做某事”可知，此处应使用不定式形式。故填to bring。
43．考查形容词。句意：这通常是关于新郎的，但不应该让他太尴尬。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作表语，embarrass的形容词为embarrassing意为“令人尴尬的”和embarrassed意为“尴尬的”，结合句意可知，此处表示的是“令人尴尬的”。故填embarrassing。
44．考查名词。句意：婚礼结束后，新娘要把一束花甩在肩上。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，根据空前的a bouquet of意为“一束”可知，此处应为名词复数。故填flowers。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：仪式结束后，通常会有一个叫做“婚宴”的聚会。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，call与所修饰词a party之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填called。
46．考查定语从句。句意：所有参加婚宴的客人都要带礼物给新娘和新郎。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词All the guests指的是人。故填who/that。
47．考查强调句。句意：在婚宴上，新娘、新郎和他们的家人必须排队欢迎客人，通常是新娘的父亲在餐后致辞。分析句子结构可知，此处为强调句型，即it is/was+强调内容+that/who+句子剩余部分，强调的是句子主语。故填it。

48．sealing 49．was seen 50．has remained 51．whom 52．but 53．to show 54．without 55．invented 56．that 57．to have originated

【导语】本是为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们打招呼方式的历史。从最初的握手，到亲吻，再到现在的碰拳等是如何演变的。
48．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，最古老的握手证据可以在公元前9世纪的亚述浮雕中看到，上面显示了撒缦以色王用握手来缔结联盟。握手也可以在古希腊文学中找到，作为好客的标志。这里为非谓语动词担当动词show的宾语，被所有格形式修饰，用动名词，且为主动关系。故填sealing。
49．考查时态和语态。句意：社交亲吻至少可以追溯到罗马帝国，在那里它被视为平等之间的问候。这里为从句谓语动词，根据上文的“the Roman Empire”可判断，时态为一般过去时；主语为it，单数，和动词see之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was seen。
50．考查时态。句意：禁令并没有持续太久；到目前为止，亲吻脸颊在南欧地区仍然特别受欢迎。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“so far”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“cheek-kissing”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has remained。
51．考查定语从句。句意：这被新西兰的毛利人称为hongi，对他们来说，“共享呼吸被认为是两个人团结的象征。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Maori population”，在从句中担当介词to的宾语，用关系代词whom。故填whom。
52．考查连词。句意：在一些因纽特文化中也可以找到这种接吻方式，但它并不像“爱斯基摩人之吻”那样普遍。上一句“It can also be found in some Inuit (因纽特人) cultures”和下一句“it isn’t as widespread as the cliche of the “Eskimo kiss” would suggest.”之间为转折关系，用连词but。故填but。
53．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国西藏，人们会把舌头伸出来以示友好。非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to show。
54．考查介词。句意：对于那些想要传达良好祝愿而又不太亲密的人来说，这些远距离问候仍然是最安全的选择。根据主语“these distanced greetings”可知，这些人是想采用有距离的问候方式，所以是不想太亲密；根据空后的getting可判断，空处为介词。故填without。
55．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，一些最近发明的问候方式可以作为替代。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语，和被修饰词“some more”之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填invented。
56．考查同位语从句。句意：有证据表明，与更正式的握手相比，20世纪60年代出现的碰拳可以降低传播疾病的风险。这里为同位语从句的连接词，从句中不缺少成分，用that引导。故填that。
57．考查非谓语动词。句意：肘部碰撞似乎起源于20世纪80年代，随着新冠疫情大流行提高了我们对更亲密的问候可能传播疾病的认识，肘部碰撞可能会变得更加普遍。这里为非谓语动词担当动词seem后的表语，用动词的不定式形式；由于该动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，用不定式的完成式。故填to have originated。

58．which/that 59．explorer 60．settlement 61．disputes 62．of 63．remains 64．a 65．independent 66．Having followed 67．is comprised

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了加拿大国家独立的历史。
58．考查定语从句。句意：第一批来到加拿大的人是在1.5万到3万年前跨越连接亚洲和北美的大陆桥来到加拿大的。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a land bridge，指物，从句缺少主语，故填which/that。
59．考查名词。句意：公元1000年左右，维京探险家雷夫·埃里克森到达了加拿大的纽芬兰。作主语，表示“探险家”应用名词explorer，由下句中He可知，此处探索家指的是一个人，应用单数。故填explorer。
60．考查名词。句意：他试图建立一个定居点，但没有持续多久。作宾语，应用名词settlement，根据a可知为单数。故填settlement。
61．考查名词的数。句意：农民和毛皮商人之间的土地纠纷导致了1689年至1763年间的四次战争。dispute为可数名词，此处不止一个纠纷应用复数形式。故填disputes。
62．考查介词。句意：最后一场战争被称为法国和印第安人战争，英国人控制了加拿大，但法国的影响一直持续到今天。结合句意表示“控制”可知短语为in control of。故填of。
63．考查时态。句意：最后一场战争被称为法国和印第安人战争，英国人控制了加拿大，但法国的影响一直持续到今天。根据后文“strong even today”可知用一般现在时，主语为French influence，谓语用三单形式。故填remains。
64．考查冠词。句意：1867年，安大略省、魁北克省、新斯科舍省和新不伦瑞克省联合组成一个自治领，拥有自己的政府、议会和总理，马尼托巴省也很快加入。dominion此处为泛指，应用不定关系来修饰，且发音是辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
65．考查形容词。句意：1931年，加拿大成为独立国家。修饰后文名词nation，表示“独立的”，应用形容词independent，作定语。故填independent。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：经过多年的领土变化，今天的加拿大由十个省和三个地区组成。分析句子结构可知follow与逻辑主语Canada构成主动关系，结合over the years可知动作已经完成，应用having done形式，句首单词首字母大写。故填Having following。
67．考查固定短语。句意：经过多年的领土变化，今天的加拿大由十个省和三个地区组成。表示“由……组成”可知短语为be comprised of，根据上文today可知为一般现在时，主语为Canada，谓语用单数。故填is comprised。

68．seriously 69．Measuring 70．zones 71．the 72．varied 73．hilly 74．and 75．lies 76．called 77．where

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大这一国家的情况，包括位置、地理景观等。
68．考查副词。句意：加拿大是一个非常大的地方！修饰形容词huge应用副词seriously，作状语。故填seriously。
69．考查非谓语动词。句意：该国从北到南长4600公里，横跨北半球的一半以上。分析句子结构可知measure与逻辑主语country构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Measuring。
70．考查名词的数。句意：它从东到西长达5500公里，横跨六个时区！zone为可数名词，由six修饰应用复数形式。故填zones。
71．考查冠词。句意：加拿大幅员辽阔，地势崎岖，是世界第二大国家（俄罗斯是最大的国家），但只有世界人口的0.5%居住在那里。序数词second前应用定冠词the。故填the。
72．考查形容词。句意：加拿大有各种各样的景观，雄伟的山脉，起伏的平原，森林覆盖的山谷，以及美丽的蓝色河流和湖泊。修饰名词landscape应用形容词varied，作定语。故填varied。
73．考查形容词。句意：加拿大地盾是一个由湖泊和沼泽组成的丘陵地区，横跨加拿大北部，拥有一些地球上最古老的岩石。修饰名词region应用形容词hilly，作定语。故填hilly。
74．考查连词。句意：加拿大地盾是一个由湖泊和沼泽组成的丘陵地区，横跨加拿大北部，拥有一些地球上最古老的岩石。此处前后文为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
75．考查时态。句意：冰冻的北极位于加拿大的最北部。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，此处为倒装句，主语为the frozen Arctic，谓语用三单形式。故填lies。
76．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管气候寒冷、恶劣，被称为“第一民族”的加拿大原住民仍生活在这个地区，他们在那里打猎、捕鱼。分析句子结构可知call与逻辑主语Native Canadians构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填called。
77．考查定语从句。句意：尽管气候寒冷、恶劣，被称为“第一民族”的加拿大原住民仍生活在这个地区，他们在那里打猎、捕鱼。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词region，从句缺少地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。

78．to 79．a 80．which 81．appearance 82．are planted 83．tea’s 84．entirely 85．picked 86．to adjust 87．comes

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了碧螺春茶的相关知识和制作过程。
78．考查介词。句意：在中国，与茶有关的国家级非物质文化遗产项目有44项，其中包括碧螺春，一种绿茶的制作工艺。短语be related to表示“与……有关”。故填to。
79．考查冠词。句意：在中国，与茶有关的国家级非物质文化遗产项目有44项，其中包括碧螺春，一种绿茶的制作工艺。type为可数名词，此处为泛指且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。a type of “一种”。故填a。
80．考查定语从句。句意：碧螺春，译作“绿色螺旋春天”，由嫩芽制成，已有1000年的历史。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Biluochun，从句缺少主语，指物，故填which。
81．考查名词。句意：它以螺旋状的外观而闻名。作介词的宾语，应用名词appearance。故填appearance。
82．考查时态语态。句意：为了制作这种茶，茶树和果树一起种植。主语the tea trees and fruit trees与谓语plant构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填are planted。
83．考查所有格。句意：这种从祖先传下来的做法保证了茶的果味和甜味。tea与后文taste构成所属关系，故用名词所有格形式。故填tea’s。
84．考查副词。句意：传统上，碧螺春完全是手工制作的。修饰后文介词短语应用副词entirely，故填entirely。
85．考查非谓语动词。句意：从一棵大茶树上采摘的大约1公斤的叶子经过加工后只能产生0.1公斤的茶叶。分析句子结构可知pick与逻辑主语1 kilogram of leaves构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填picked。
86．考查非谓语动词。句意：一个人需要特别注意调节温度，通过气味来判断茶的状况。短语be attentive to do sth表示“注意做某事”。故填to adjust。
87．考查部分倒装。句意：接下来是成型过程。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为the shaping process，谓语用三单形式。故填comes。

88．that 89．spent 90．an 91．With 92．stuffed 93．that/who 94．behaviour/behavior 95．whispered 96．catching 97．away

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了奶奶和我们一起度过的最后一个圣诞节。
88．考查强调句。句意：当我想到是什么让圣诞节如此神奇时，脑海中浮现的不仅仅是礼物和圣诞老人。it is/was+强调内容+that/who+句子其他，如果强调内容为物，应用that，如果强调内容为人，应用that/who，此处强调物，应用that，故填that。
89．考查时态。句意：我清楚地记得奶奶和我们一起度过的最后一个圣诞节。“Granny_______(spend) with us”是省略关系词的定语从句，修饰the last Christmas，所以空处在句中作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填spent。
90．考查冠词。句意：奶奶努力帮我给圣诞老人写信。make an effort to do固定搭配，意为“努力做某事”，故填an。
91．考查介词。句意：她的手微微颤抖着，在信封上写着“圣诞老人，北极”。此处表示伴随，应用介词with，和后文her hand slightly shaky在句中作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填With。
92．考查时态。句意：12月份，我们做了糖饼干，塞满了火鸡，还唱了圣诞歌。句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，主语we和动词stuff是主动关系，所以应用动词过去式stuffed和made，sang构成并列谓语，故填stuffed。
93．考查定语从句。句意：大部分的装饰品都是我挂在树枝上的。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the one，指人，从句缺少主句，应用that/who。故填that/who。
94．考查名词。句意：在圣诞节的早晨，当我们打开礼物的时候，我表现得非常好。此处应用名词作宾语，表示“行为”，为不可数名词behaviour/behavior，故填behaviour/behavior。
95．考查时态。句意：“我有些特别的东西给你，”奶奶低声说。此处作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填whispered。
96．考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得透过窗户我捕捉到了她的目光。remember doing固定搭配，表示“记得做过某事”，符合语境，此处不能用remember to do(记得去做某事)，不合语境，故填catching。
97．考查固定搭配。句意：那个圣诞节过后几周，奶奶去世了。pass away固定搭配，意为“去世”，故填away。

98．that 99．to be described 100．having been brought/being brought 101．But 102．less helpless 103．as well as 104．as/though 105．had experienced 106．being endured 107．what

【导语】这是一篇议论文。对于2020年，《牛津英语词典》推荐用两个单词是“疫情”和“封锁”作为年度词汇，但是作者认为应该用“合作”和“希望”作为年度词汇，并解释了原因。
98．考查定语从句。句意：每年12月，《牛津英语词典》(OED)都会选出一个词来描述刚刚过去的这一年。空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词为year，被the very修饰，所以用关系代词that。故填that。
99．考查固定搭配。句意：2020年是非常不寻常的一年，真的可以用两个词来形容。be worthy to be done意为“值得（被做）……”，为固定搭配。故填to be described。
100．考查动名词的被动语态。句意：牛津英语词典推荐的两个明显的单词是“疫情”和“封锁”，因为全球范围内的大多数人类活动已经被这种威胁生命的疾病停止了。due to后应用动名词作宾语。动词bring和逻辑主语most of human activities构成被动关系，所以可用动名词的一般式的被动形式。因为大多数人类活动已经被这种威胁生命的疾病停止了这件事发生在牛津英语词典推荐这两个词之前，所以也可以用动名词的完成式的被动形式。故填having been brought或being brought。
101．考查连词。句意：但是，我想提名“合作”和“希望”作为我的年度词汇，因为这应该用一种更加积极和不那么无助的方式来描述，因为各国和国际卫生组织之间进行了大量的合作。前文讲牛津英语词典推荐的两个明显的单词是“疫情”和“封锁”，后文“I would like to nominate “cooperation” and “hope” as my words of the year”与之构成转折关系，且空格后没有逗号，所以应用转折词but。故填But。
102．考查形容词比较级。句意同上。空处和more并列，需填形容词比较级作定语。故填less helpless。
103．考查介词短语。句意：中国在这方面发挥了主导作用，向加拿大、美国、欧洲以及中东和非洲国家运送口罩和防护服。根据前文“to Canada, the United States and Europe”可知，此处是指也向中东和非洲国家运送口罩和防护服。所以应用介词短语as well as，意为“也”。故填as well as。
104．查让步状语从句。句意：如果没有这种合作，大流行虽然已经很糟糕，但可能会更糟。“bad it has been”和“could have been much worse”构成转折关系，所以此处应为让步状语从句。因为“bad it has been”为部分倒装，所以表示“尽管”应用as或though。故填as或though。
105．考查动词时态。句意：对年轻人来说，这是他们第一次经历一件大事，一件他们要与家人、朋友和邻居分享的忧虑，一件此刻正在忍受的痛苦，以及在接下来的几周内将要忍受的痛苦。“it was the+序数词+time+that从句”句式中，that从句应使用过去完成时。故填had experienced。
106．考查非谓语动词。句意：对年轻人来说，这是他们第一次经历一件大事，一件他们要与家人、朋友和邻居分享的忧虑，一件此刻正在忍受的痛苦，以及在接下来的几周内将要忍受的痛苦。空处需填非谓语动词，根据at this moment可知，此处表示正在进行，所以应用现在分词。动词endure意为“忍受”，和逻辑主语suffering构成被动关系。所以应用现在分词的一般式的被动形式作后置定语。故填being endured。
107．考查主语从句。句意：他们还了解到，“希望”——相信你将看到的明天会比今天更好——是每个人心中的信念。空处引导主语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，且是指事情，所以应用连接代词what引导。故填what。

108．a 109．cultural 110．selection 111．products 112．with/to 113．are served 114．To enrich 115．which 116．draws/has drawn 117．visiting

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食的特点。
108．考查冠词。句意：中国菜有着悠久的历史。history为可数名词，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词，空后形容词long辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
109．考查形容词。句意：中国烹饪享誉世界，经过几个世纪的发展，形成了丰富的文化内容。修饰名词content应用形容词cultural，意为“文化的”。故填cultural。
110．考查名词。句意：它的特点是精选的原料，精确的加工，特别注意火的量，和丰富的营养。形容词fine修饰名词selection，意为“选择”，为不可数名词，作by的宾语。故填selection。
111．考查名词复数。句意：根据地域、土产、气候、历史因素和饮食习惯，形成了地方风味、小吃和特色菜。形容词local修饰名词product，意为“产品，制品”，为可数名词，空前无不定冠词，应用名词复数，与the region以及climate, historical factors and eating habits并列，作according to的宾语。故填products。
112．考查介词。句意：在中国，美味的食物通常与节日和庆祝活动联系在一起。此处考查动词短语be linked to或被be linked with，意为“与……有关”，设空处应用介词with或with。故填with/to。
113．考查时态、语态。句意：例如，春节吃饺子，中秋节吃月饼。and连接两个简单句，serve与逻辑主语moon cakes之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，根据前半句的时态，此处也用一般现在时，主语为复数，助动词用are。故填are served。
114．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了丰富人们的生活，促进中国旅游业的发展，中国各地每年都会举办各种各样的美食节。句子谓语动词为are held，设空处为非谓语动词，表目的应用动词不定式，设空处在句首，to首字母要大写。故填To enrich。
115．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：美味的中国食物，是中国丰富的旅游资源中最重要的部分之一，吸引了成千上万的游客到中国。句子谓语为draw，设空处考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为Delicious Chinese food，在从句中为主语，为物，设空处应用关系代词which，引导从句。故填which。
116．考查时态。句意：美味的中国食物，是中国丰富的旅游资源中最重要的部分之一，吸引了成千上万的游客到中国。设空处为句子的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，可用一般现在时，主语为Delicious Chinese food，为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数draws。谓语动词也可表过去的动作，对现在有影响，可用现在完成式，助动词用has，可用has drawn。故填draws / has drawn。
117．考查非谓语动词。句意：在参观中国旅游景点的同时，他们还可以品尝到美味的食物。While后接非谓语动词，visit与逻辑主语they之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词visiting，作状语。故填visiting。
118．in 119．were noticed 120．museums

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了在七十岁时开始画画的Anna Mary Roberts，她的作品被人们所喜爱。
118．考查介词。句意：她在70岁的时候开始画画。分析句子可知，空处是in her seventies固定结构，意为“在她七十岁的时候”，故填in。
119．考查时态语态。句意：这些画被一位艺术收藏家注意到了，他发现了安娜非凡的才华。主语paintings为可数名词复数形式，谓语也应使用复数形式，时态应该与前后句保持一致，用一般过去时；主语paintings和notice之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此需使用被动语态，所以填were noticed。
120．考查名词复数。句意：后来，她的三幅画在纽约市最著名的艺术博物馆之一展出。分析句子可知，固定短语one of（其中之一）后接可数名词复数形式。故填museums。

121．on 122．a 123．them 124．importance 125．have begun 126．harder 127．which 128．to explore 129．rapidly 130．resources

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了热带雨林对环境和人类非常重要，因此我们应该停止对它们的破坏。
121．考查介词。句意：它们对世界的环境有很大的影响。have an effect on…表示“对……有影响”，故填on。
122．考查冠词。句意：例如，它们在调节气候方面起作用。此处的part是可数名词，发音以辅音音素开头，需要用不定冠词a修饰，play a part in表示“在……方面起作用”，故填a。
123．考查代词。句意：没有它们，气候将发生很大变化。作介词Without的宾语用宾格，故填them。
124．考查名词。句意：更重要的是，许多植物具有重要的医疗价值。作介词of的宾语用名词，故填importance。
125．考查时态。句意：然而，在过去的一百年里，人类为了开发土地和矿藏，开始破坏雨林。根据时间状语“in the past hundred years”可知，此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应该用现在完成时，故填have begun。
126．考查固定结构。句意：我们越是努力地从它们那里获取，越多的二氧化碳将会被释放到空气中，这影响了气候、环境和我们自己。此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……，越……”，故填harder。
127．考查非限定性定语从句。句意：我们越是努力地从它们那里获取，越多的二氧化碳将会被释放到空气中，这影响了气候、环境和我们自己。此处为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语，故填which。
128．考查不定式。句意：与此同时，我们正在失去探索这些植物的医疗用途的机会。opportunity 后常用不定式做后置定语，表示“……的机会”，故填to explore。
129．考查副词。句意：随着人口的迅速增长，我们对资源的需求的确越来越大。修饰动词growing用副词，故填rapidly。
130．考查可数名词复数。句意：随着人口的迅速增长，我们对资源的需求的确越来越大。resource表示“具体的资源”时是可数名词，此处用复数表泛指，故填resources。

131．was launched 132．varieties 133．on 134．Despite 135．featuring 136．which 137．to block 138．but 139．impressive 140．a

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了随着ChatGPT的流行，教育界需双重应对，教育界人士对此也有不同的看法。
131．考查时态语态。句意：从创作莎士比亚风格的诗歌到创作音乐，ChatGPT是一款强大的人工智能聊天机器人工具，自2022年底由美国公司OpenAI推出以来，它已经震惊了世界。since后面用一般过去式，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，主语为it，谓语用单数。故填was launched。
132．考查名词的数。句意：这个人工智能程序可以回答各种各样的问题，还可以写文章、故事和任何你能想到的书面文本。短语varieties of表示“各种各样的”。故填varieties。
133．考查介词。句意：它通过利用从大量文本数据语料库中收集的信息来实现这一点。短语draw on意为“凭借、借由”。故填on。
134．考查介词。句意：尽管可以写出这么好的文章，但是ChatGPT还是在教育界引发了兴奋和担忧。根据上下文逻辑，前后是转折关系，后跟名词，应用介词despite，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Despite。
135．考查非谓语动词。句意：越来越多的人担心，这种快速简单的答题工具可能会让学生更容易在作业中作弊，并被用来传播不准确的信息。分析句子结构可知feature与逻辑主语tool是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填featuring。
136．考查定语从句。句意：纽约市教育局副新闻秘书Jenna Lyle在一份声明中说，“虽然这个工具可能能够提供一些问题的即时答案，但它并不能培养学生的批判性思维和解决问题的能力，而这些能力对学业和终身成功至关重要。”分析句子科长，空格处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词skills，从句缺少主语，指物。故填which。
137．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了严格禁止外，教师们正在重新设计他们的课程，试图阻止ChatGPT的使用。短语in an attempt to do sth.表示“试图做”用不定式作定语。故填to block。
138．考查固定搭配。句意：英国剑桥大学负责教育的副校长Bhaskar Vira表示，禁止ChatGPT等人工智能软件绝不明智。短语anything but, 意为“一点也不”。故填but。
139．考查形容词。句意：ChatGPT之所以令人印象深刻，是因为它实际上并不是一项新技术。此处作宾补，应用形容词impressive。故填impressive。
140．考查冠词。句意：你可以把它写进你的政策来阻止作弊，但这个工具存在是一个现实。此处reality泛指“一个事实”且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。

141．Built 142．the 143．are attracted 144．being washed 145．significant 146．with 147．cleverly 148．which 149．methods 150．to maintain

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了龙脊梯田这一人文地理景观，它的建造和设计体现着人的智慧以及人与自然的和谐共生，每年吸引着许多游客前来参观。
141．考查非谓语动词。句意：龙脊梯田是由当地壮族和瑶族人在元代至清初建造的，随着季节的变化呈现出不同的颜色。分析句子可知，空处作状语，需用非谓语动词的形式，Longji Rice Terraces和build之间为被动关系，build需用过去分词的形式，且空处位于句首，built首字母需大写。故填Built。
142．考查冠词。句意：龙脊梯田是由当地壮族和瑶族人在元代至清初建造的，随着季节的变化呈现出不同的颜色。Longji Rice Terraces(龙脊梯田)是专有名词，独一无二的事物，空处需用定冠词进行限定。故填the。
143．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：每年，成千上万的游客被吸引来欣赏这个伟大的奇迹。时间状语为Every year，句子陈述的现在规律性的事实，需用一般现在时，主语thousands of visitors和attract之间为被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are attracted。
144．考查非谓语动词。句意：梯田不仅可以增加人们种植水稻的面积，还可以收集雨水，防止土壤被冲走。根据“prevent the soil from”可知，此处用固定短语prevent sb./sth. from (doing) sth.，表示“防止……做……”，空处需用动名词的形式作from的宾语，且the soil和wash之间是被动的关系，需用动名词的被动语态。故填being washed。
145．考查形容词。句意：最重要的是人们与自然和谐相处。分析句子可知，空处作is的表语，需用significance的形容词形式significant，表示“重要的”。故填significant。
146．考查介词。句意：最重要的是人们与自然和谐相处。根据“in harmony”可知，此处用固定短语in harmony with sb./sth.，表示“与……和谐相处”，空处需用介词with。故填with。
147．考查副词。句意：梯田巧妙地设计了数百条水道，形成了一个生态循环。分析句子可知，空处修饰谓语动词designed，作状语，应用clever的副词形式cleverly，表示“巧妙地”。故填cleverly。
148．考查定语从句。句意：梯田巧妙地设计了数百条水道，形成了一个生态循环。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，对句子作补充说明，从句中缺少主语，需用关系代词which。故填which。
149．考查名词复数。句意：如今，人们使用现代方法和传统知识来维护梯田。method是可数名词，此处表示泛指，空处应用method的复数形式。故填methods。
150．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，人们使用现代方法和传统知识来维护梯田。分析句子可知，maintain是谓语are used的目的，空处作目的状语，需用不定式的形式。故填to maintain。

151．has been 152．what 153．the 154．wanting 155．invaders 156．to have brought/to bring 157．another 158．Astonishingly 159．to 160．be found

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。自先秦以来，成都一直是中国重要的文化名城。但真正使这座城市在文化上与众不同的是它的川剧。本文主要介绍了川剧的一个重要方面——变脸。
151．考查动词的时态。句意：自先秦以来，成都一直是中国重要的文化名城。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据句中时间状语Since the pre-Qin period可知，此处应用现在完成时态。故填has been
152．考查主语从句。句意：但真正使这座城市在文化上与众不同的是它的歌剧。分析句子可知，空格处应填入主语从句的引导词。分析句子结构，该引导词在主语从句中作主语，指物，故用连接代词what引导。故填what。
153．考查冠词。句意：川剧的一个重要方面是“变脸”的魔力，色彩鲜艳的面具在眨眼之间就变了。根据空后of “face changing”可知，此处特指“变脸的魔力”，故用定冠词the。故填the。
154．考查现在分词。句意：在镇上的戏院和茶馆里，想要一窥当地文化的观众喜欢一边喝茶，一边听川剧，看着变脸。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。被修饰名词audiences与want是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。故填wanting。
155．考查名词。句意：早期人类需要生存策略来躲避凶猛的动物和外来入侵者。根据空格前的 fierce animals可知，此处应填名词与 fierce animals并列作宾语，根据句意，此处指“侵略者”，应用 invade的名词形式invader，且用复数形式。故填invaders。
156．考查动词不定式。句意：据说川剧将这种情绪带到了舞台上。“sb./sth.be said +动词不定式”是固定结构，意为“据说……”，此处既可用动词不定式的一般式陈述事实，也可以用不定式的完成式强调动作发生在谓语动词is said之前。故填to have brought/to bring。
157．考查代词。句意：表演一开始，演员就不停地拉下一个又一个面具，动作迅速，传达不同的情绪。one after another是固定短语，意为“一个又一个，一个接一个”，故填another。
158．考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，无论离舞台有多近，他们都无法分辨口罩是如何变化的。分析句子可知，空格处应填入副词作状语。故填Astonishingly。
159．考查介词。句意同上。be close to是固定短语，意为“靠近……”。故填to。
160．考查被动语态。句意：事实上，川剧给人们带来的不同类型的人物和性格在普通人中都可以找到。根据空前的can可知，空格处应填入动词原形。主语the different kinds of characters and personalities 与动词find是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。故填be found。

161．was listed 162．whose 163．an 164．creative 165．totally 166．is 167．types 168．hidden 169．in 170．to master

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位热爱艺术的外国人学习中国书法的经历。
161．考查时态和语态。句意：当我来到中国时，学习中国书法被列为必须做的事情之一。根据“when I came to China”可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词list意为“列举”，和主语构成被动关系。主语为动名词，谓语应用第三人称单数。故填was listed。
162．考查定语从句。句意：现在，我正在学习这门独特的艺术，它的价值在中国甚至在今天的东亚都被认为非常高。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是art，在从句中作value的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
163．考查冠词。句意：它不仅是人类语言的一种古老艺术形式，而且反映了中国的传统。名词form意为“形式”，为可数名词，此处为第一次出现，所以应用不定冠词表示泛指，ancient是以辅音音素开头的词，应用an。故填an。
164．考查形容词。句意：作为一个绘画、作图和热爱一切创造性事物的人，一开始，我以为我会相当擅长中国书法。修饰名词things，应用形容词creative，表示“创造性的”作定语。故填creative。
165．考查副词。句意：我完全错了。修饰形容词wrong，应用副词totally，表示“完全地”作状语。故填totally。
166．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：对于初学者来说，使用粗笔尖来产生难处理的笔触是非常困难的。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。动名词作主语，谓语应用第三人称单数。故填is。
167．考查名词的数。句意：我不知道书法的不同类型以及每一种书法背后隐藏的含义。type为可数名词，由different修饰应用复数形式。故填types。
168．考查非谓语动词。句意：我不知道书法的不同类型以及每一种书法背后隐藏的含义。动词hide意为“隐藏”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语meanings构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填hidden。
169．考查介词。句意：此外，我必须以一种非常特殊的方式拿着画笔；与钢笔或铅笔不同，画笔是直立握在手里的。表示“以……方式”应用in a…way。故填in。
170．考查非谓语动词。句意：在上了这堂课之后，我现在明白了书法的难度，并且需要努力和投入才能掌握这种艺术形式。此处用it作形式主语，to do不定式为真正的主语。故填to master。

171．is pulled 172．worse 173．frightened 174．ate 175．killing 176．or 177．a 178．as 179．Fortunately 180．extinction

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了电影《大白鲨》使人们更加害怕鲨鱼，而不是关心鲨鱼。幸运的是，现在有越来越多的人想要保护鲨鱼。
171．考查时态和语态。句意：在电影的开头，一名女子在漆黑的大海中游泳，突然被拉到水下。她浮出水面，恐惧地哭泣，然后永远消失。根据上下文可知，这是电影《大白鲨》里的场景，用一般现在时；主语为a woman，单数，和动词pull之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is pulled。
172．考查比较级。句意：人们一直都很害怕鲨鱼，但《大白鲨》让事情变得更糟。根据上文“People have always been scared of sharks”可知，人们一直都害怕鲨鱼，而电影的出现让事情变得更糟糕的。由此判断，空处为比较级。故填worse。
173．考查形容词。句意：它使人们害怕鲨鱼，尤其是大白鲨。考查形容词担当宾语people的补足语。frighten的形容词有两个：，意为“感到害怕的”，常用来修饰人；frightening，意为“令人害怕的”，常用来修饰物。本句修饰people，用形容词frightened。故填frightened。
174．考查时态。句意：许多看过这部电影的人开始相信鲨鱼是吃人的坏动物。这里为从句的谓语动词，根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般过去时。故填ate。
175．考查非谓语动词。句意：其他人开始捕捞鲨鱼，尽可能多地捕杀鲨鱼。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语other people之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填killing。
176．考查连词。句意：在那个时候，没有人关心鲨鱼是否被捕杀，或者有多少被捕杀。人们只想杀了他们。空前if sharks were killed和空后how many were killed之间为选择关系，用or。故填or。
177．考查冠词。句意：《大白鲨》大获成功，吸引了大批观众，赢得了许多奖项。success指具体的“成功的人或物”时，为抽象名词具体化，其前用不定冠词修饰。故填a。
178．考查介词。句意：它强化了人们长期以来认为大白鲨是一种危险动物的观念。空处指的是，人们认为大白鲨是一种危险的动物，是把大白鲨当做危险的动物看待，用介词as。故填as。
179．考查副词。句意：幸运的是，并不是每个看过《大白鲨》的人都害怕鲨鱼——有些人对了解鲨鱼很感兴趣。担当整个句子的状语用副词形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Fortunately。
180．考查名词。句意：今天，随着我们对鲨鱼了解的越来越多，越来越多的人想要保护它们免于灭绝。根据空前的介词from可知，空处为名词形式。故填extinction。

181．was admitted 182．absorbed 183．with 184．starting 185．However 186．to make 187．convenient 188．that/which 189．longest 190．temples

【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述来自孟加拉国的国际学生在山西求学和生活的经历。
181．考查谓语动词。句意：自从我作为一名来自孟加拉国的国际学生被山西大学的博士生录取以来，我已经在山西省会太原待了两年。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，动词admit和主语I是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态结构，be动词用was。故填was admitted。
182．考查形容词。句意：在这两年里，我发现自己爱上了山西和中国，因为我专注于了解当地生活，对这个城市、这个省和这个国家也变得更熟悉了。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查形容词，作表语。be/get absorbed in意为“专注于…”。故填absorbed。
183．考查固定短语。句意：见第2题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定短语be/get familiar with，意为“熟悉…”。故填with。
184．考查状语从句的省略。句意：我必须承认，当在一个新的地方开始新的生活时，感到孤独是很正常的。此处是when引导的状语从句的省略，当从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词，动词start是句子主语I主动发出的动作，二者是主动关系，完整从句为when I am starting a new life in a new place，省略主语和be动词。故填starting。
185．考查副词。句意：然而，我的适应没有花很长时间。分析句子结构和意思可知，上下文是转折关系，空格前后都有标点符号，用副词However，起过渡的作用，句首单词首字母大写。故填However。
186．考查固定搭配。句意：还有足够的空闲时间让我可以参观太原和山西的各个地方，并与当地人交朋友。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词不定式结构和前面的to visit并列，构成固定短语allow sb. to do sth.，意为“允许某人做某事”。故填to make。
187．考查形容词。句意：我最喜欢的运动是骑自行车，我发现中国对骑自行车的人非常友好，因为在全国每个城市租用自行车都很方便。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，作表语，意为“方便的”。故填convenient。
188．考查定语从句。句意：我喜欢在太原的街道上骑自行车，参观我随机遇到的地方。分析句子结构和意思可知，　　8　　 I meet randomly是限制性定语从句，先行词places在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
189．考查形容词最高级。句意：这座城市有2500多年的历史，是中国所有城市中最长的。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格前面有the，所以这里用最高级形式，表示“最长的”。故填longest。
190．考查名词的数。句意：大量保存完好的古代建筑，如晋祠的寺庙和永祚寺的双塔，都是帮助你了解古代中国面貌的物证。分析句子结构和意思可知，temple是可数名词，此处表示不止一个，需要用名词复数形式。故填temples。