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    真题重组卷05——2023年高考英语真题汇编重组卷(全国卷)

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    绝密★启用前
    冲刺2023年高考英语真题重组卷 05
    课标全国卷(解析版)

    注意事项:
    1. 答卷前,考试务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
    2. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号,回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
    3. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
    第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分)
    做题时,先将答案标在试卷上,录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

    第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
    听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 每段对话仅读一遍。
    1.(2021·全国·高考真题)What dress size does the woman want?
    A.8. B.10. C.12.
    【答案】C
    【原文】M: Can I help you?
    W: I’m looking for a size twelve dress.
    M: Oh, let me see. An eight, a ten. Ah, you’re lucky. I have the prettiest dress here in a twelve. Why don’t you try it on?
    2.(2020·全国·高考真题)How can the man improve his article?
    A.By deleting unnecessary words.
    B.By adding a couple of points.
    C.By correcting grammar mistakes.
    【答案】A
    【原文】M:Miss Miller, could you tell me how I can improve this article? I got B plus.
    W:It's quite good, actually. The language used is good and the main points are covered.There is just too much repetition. You could have said everything within two pages.
    3.(2020·全国·高考真题)What does Donna offer to do for Bill?
    A.Book a flight for him. B.Drive him to the airport. C.Help him park the car.
    【答案】B
    【原文】M: Donna, have you booked the flight to London for me?
    W: Sure, Bill. Do you need a ride to the airport? I can do it.
    M: No, thanks. I will park my car at the airport.
    4.(2022·全国·高考真题)Why does the man suggest going to the park?
    A.It’s big. B.It’s quiet. C.It’s new.
    【答案】B
    【原文】W: John, can’t we go someplace and talk? It’s so noisy in here.
    M: Well, there’s a small park across the street. It’s usually not crowded at this time of day.
    5.(2022·全国·高考真题)Why does the man suggest going to the park?
    A.It’s big. B.It’s quiet. C.It’s new.
    【答案】B
    【原文】W: John, can’t we go someplace and talk? It’s so noisy in here.
    M: Well, there’s a small park across the street. It’s usually not crowded at this time of day.

    第二节(共15小题,每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
    听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
    (2020·全国·高考真题)听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
    6.Why does David want to speak to Mike?
    A.To invite him to a party.
    B.To discuss a schedule.
    C.To call off a meeting.
    7.What do we know about the speakers?
    A.They are colleagues.
    B.They are close friends.
    C.They’ve never met before.

    【答案】6.C    7.C
    【原文】W:Hello, Helen Smith speaking, can I help you?
    M:Hello, this is David. Could I speak to Mike, please?
    W:I am afraid he is not available at the moment. would you leave a message?
    M:Yes, I am calling to cancel the meeting we scheduled for this afternoon.
    W:OK,let me take this down. Could I have your name again?
    M:Certainly, it's David Stone.
    (2022·全国·高考真题)听第7段材料,回到第8-10题。
    8.What did Peter learn from his grandfather?
    A.How to appreciate art works.
    B.How to deal with artists.
    C.How to run a museum.
    9.What did Peter do in Chicago?
    A.He studied at a college. B.He served in the army. C.He worked in a gallery.
    10.Whose works did Peter like best?
    A.Rembrandt’s. B.Botticelli’s. C.Rubens’.

    【答案】8.A    9.A    10.C
    【原文】W: So Mr Peter Sels, I’d be curious to know what were the early connections in your life that let you into the art field?
    M: My grandfather was an art dealer in Munich. They had a great museum in Munich. He took me to the museum, and I responded very strongly to what I saw on the walls there. I learned about art from him, I learned about looking at art from him. I think that’s what really got me started. Then many years later, after I got out of the army, I went to study art history at the University of Chicago.
    W: Tell us more about your experiences of looking at art with your grandfather.
    M: Well, we looked at the famous paintings by the great artists like Rembrandt, Botticelli, and Albert Durer. Ruben’s paintings were my favorites. Yes, I remember these things. This was when I was between 10 and 15. When I was 14, I was so anxious to see more art that a friend of mine and I bicycled across the Alps to see Venice. That was a big adventure.
    (2021·全国·高考真题)听第8段材料,回答第11-13题。
    11.What did David do on his most recent holiday?
    A.He had a boat trip. B.He took a balloon flight. C.He climbed a mountain.
    12.What is on David's list?
    A.Gifts he needed to buy. B.Things he wished to do. C.Dates he had to remember.
    13.Where does the woman suggest David go for his next holiday?
    A.Australia. B.California. C.The Amazon.

    【答案】11.C    12.B    13.C
    【原文】W: David, how was your holiday?
    M: Great, I climbed Mount Fuji. It was really beautiful. Now I can check one more thing off my list.
    W: Your list?
    M: Yes. When I was 12, I made a list of things I wanted to do some day.
    W: That’s interesting. How many of the things on your list have you done so far?
    M: Almost half. I have pictures. Would you like to see them?
    W: Yes, sure.
    M: Here I am on top of Mount Fuji. And here I am in a hot air balloon.
    W: When did you do that? I’ve always wanted to go up in a hot air balloon.
    M: It was two years ago, in August, in California.
    W: What are your plans for the next holiday?
    M: I’m thinking of deep-sea diving in Australia. Do you have any other suggestions?
    W: You really ought to take a boat down the Amazon. You’ll see a lot of interesting animals and beautiful trees. It’s one of the best places I’ve been to.
    M: OK. I’ll put it on my list.
    (2021·全国·高考真题)听第9段材料,回到第14-16题。
    14.What was Prof. Stone's grandfather afraid of?
    A.Leaving his home.
    B.Parting from his son.
    C.Taking early retirement.
    15.What does old age mean to many elderly Americans?
    A.Lack of moral support. B.Loss of self-worth. C.Change of living habits.
    16.What will Prof. Stone talk about next concerning elderly people?
    A.Public services they ask for.
    B.Health care available to them.
    C.Contributions they can make.

    【答案】14.A    15.B    16.C
    【原文】W: Hello, ladies and gentlemen! Today, we have invited Prof. Stone to talk about the role of elderly people in our society. Welcome to our show, Prof. Stone.
    M: To begin with, I’d like to tell a story from my own life. Several years ago, when my grandparents were well into their 80s, they were no longer able to care for themselves very well. My grandfather was afraid of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years. The idea of having to sell their home and move into a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them. Indeed, old age for them, and many old Americans can mean not only the possible failure of one’s health, but the loss of identity and self-worth.
    W: Yes, it’s true. What do you have to say about the problem of old age?
    M: Many experts have given talks here that have focused on the medical care, and the development of public services for senior citizens. Today, I’d like to focus my comments on the meaningful roles that elderly can play and should play in our society.
    (2018·全国·高考真题)听第10段材料,回到第17-20题。
    17.At what age did Emily start learning ballet?
    A.Five. B.Six. C.Nine.
    18.Why did Emily move to Toronto?
    A.To work for a dance school.
    B.To perform at a dance theater.
    C.To learn contemporary dance.
    19.Why did Emily quit dancing?
    A.She was too old to dance.
    B.She failed to get a scholarship.
    C.She lost interest in it.
    20.How does Emily feel about stopping training?
    A.She’s pleased. B.She’s regretful. C.She’s upset

    【答案】17.B    18.C    19.C    20.A
    【原文】Text 10 My name is Emily. I had been a dancer for quite a long time. I started studying ballet when I was six years old. By the time I was nine, I was dancing five days a week. When I was eighteen, I decided that I really preferred contemporary dance and that I wanted to do it professionally. So I applied successfully for the training program at the school of Toronto Dance Theatre, and moved to Toronto to attend the program. That was the period of time I enjoyed most in Toronto. I graduated on scholarship and danced professionally for ten years. But after all those years, I found that dance was gradually becoming something that felt like more of a burden than a joy. I found myself increasingly unwilling to drag myself to dance performances, so I quit. I do miss dance often. But it makes me happy think that I’ll never have to go to another training session again.




    第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
    第一节(共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分)
    阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
    A
    (2022·全国·高考真题)Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
    Grading Scale
    90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
    Essays (60%)
    Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
    Group Assignments (30%)
    Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
    Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
    Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
    Late Work
    An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
    21.Where is this text probably taken from?
    A.A textbook. B.An exam paper. C.A course plan. D.An academic article.
    22.How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?
    A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.
    23.What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
    A.You will receive a zero. B.You will lose a letter grade.
    C.You will be given a test. D.You will have to rewrite it.

    【答案】21.C    22.B    23.A

    【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。
    21.推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知,文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。由此推知,本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。
    22.细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays (60%)”以及“Group Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Groups Work/Homework (10%)”可知,学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B项。
    23.推理判断题。根据“Late Work”部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. (如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交,将会得到零分)”可知,如果在截止日期后一周才交文章,你将会得零分。故选A项。
    【点睛】




    B
    (2022·全国·高考真题)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
    Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
    After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
    In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
    The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
    24.Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
    A.Try challenging things. B.Take a degree.
    C.Bring back lost memories. D.Stick to a promise.
    25.What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?
    A.Lovely penguins. B.Beautiful scenery.
    C.A discount fare. D.A friend’s invitation.
    26.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
    A.It could be a home for her. B.It should be easily accessible.
    C.It should be well preserved. D.It needs to be fully introduced.
    27.What is the text mainly about?
    A.A childhood dream. B.An unforgettable experience.
    C.Sailing around the world. D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.

    【答案】24.A    25.C    26.C    27.B
    【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Bazlinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱,渴望探险,不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后,她开始周游世界,并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
    24.词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.(在奇切斯特大学获得相关艺术学位后,Ginni开始周游世界,最终在日本和智利找到了教英语的工作。)”可知,此处是指做有挑战性的事情,所以take the plunge意为“尝试有挑战性的事情”。故选A。
    25.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego. (正是在智利,她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知,是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
    26.细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. (意识到这是一块宝贵的土地,应该受到人类的尊重,这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一)”可知,旅行结束后,Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
    27.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述了Ginni Bazlinton去南极旅行的经历,再根据第一段“These gentle lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. (这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她,并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行)”和倒数第二段Ginni Bazlinton对南极之旅的评价可知,文章主要介绍了Ginni Bazlinton的南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知,An unforgettable experience. (一次难忘的经历) 能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
    【点睛】


    C
    (2022·全国·高考真题)Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
    More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
    They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
    The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
    Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
    This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
    28.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?

    A.Its variety. B.Its distribution. C.Its quantity. D.Its development.
    29.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?

    A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
    B.They could not open and close their lips easily.
    C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
    D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
    30.What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
    A.Supporting evidence for the research results.
    B.Potential application of the research findings.
    C.A further explanation of the research methods.
    D.A reasonable doubt about the research process.
    31.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?

    A.It is key to effective communication. B.It contributes much to cultural diversity.
    C.It is a complex and dynamic system. D.It drives the evolution of human beings.

    【答案】28.D    29.C    30.A    31.C
    【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
    28.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.(30多年前,学者Charles Hockett注意到,被称为唇齿音的语音,如“f”和“v”,在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在,瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因)”可知,Damian Blasi的研究关注的是这一趋势是如何产生的以及产生的原因,可知他的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。
    29.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure , making it easier to produce such sounds.(他们发现,古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的,因此很难产生唇齿音,唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来,我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构,更容易发出这样的声音)”可知,因为古代成年人因为上下门牙是对齐的,他们的下颚结构跟现在的我们不一样,这就导致他们发不出这个唇齿音,也就是说他们的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C项。
    30.主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the so Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.(对语言数据库的分析也证实,在新石器时代之后,世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化,在过去几千年里,“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现)”可知,此段主要是通过介绍语言数据库的分析结果来证实语音是发生了很大变化,有些以前使用的语音,现在不一定找得到,因此此处主要是通过相关证据进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。
    31.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.(研究小组成员Steven Moran说:“自从人类出现以来,我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定,我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”)”可知,人类的语意一直在发展变化中,并不会一成不变,而且会因生物变化和文化变化等进行复杂的相互作用而改变,因此可知Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。
    【点睛】

    D
    (2022·全国·高考真题)Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
    In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
    Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
    If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
    Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
    32.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
    A.We pay little attention to food waste. B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
    C.We waste more vegetables than meat. D.We have good reasons for wasting food.
    33.What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?
    A.Moral decline. B.Environmental harm.
    C.Energy shortage. D.Worldwide starvation.
    34.What does Curtin’s company do?
    A.It produces kitchen equipment. B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
    C.It helps local farmers grow fruits. D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.
    35.What does Curtin suggest people do?
    A.Buy only what is needed. B.Reduce food consumption.
    C.Go shopping once a week. D.Eat in restaurants less often.

    【答案】32.B    33.B    34.D    35.A
    【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
    32.推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数人一样,我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移,芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是,我不假思索地买了太多东西;我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知,作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B项。
    33.细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other, resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上,罗伊特写道,“如果食物浪费是一个国家,它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知,浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B项。
    34.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官,该公司把食物复原,变成健康的食物。去年,该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品,收回了超过807500磅的食物,否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢?志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们,以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知,科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D项。
    35.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用,无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物,还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜,”科廷说)”可知,科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A项。
    【点睛】


    第二节(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)
    根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
    (2020·全国·高考真题)A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. ___36___ And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopeful presents.
    ___37___ Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
    ___38___ This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. ___39___
    Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. ___40___ Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
    A.This isn’t usual though.
    B.It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
    C.You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
    D.If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
    E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
    F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
    G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.

    【答案】36.E    37.B    38.C    39.A    40.G
    【分析】本文是说明文,介绍了乔迁聚会的目的,礼物的选取,活动安排和名称的由来。
    36.上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会,下句 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项:它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下句并列,都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的,故选E。
    37.下文Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.和like a piece of art or a plant. 列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单,可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关,B项:带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统,概括了本段内容,引出下文,故选B。
    38.本段介绍了聚会的活动安排,根据后文This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn' t a lot of food served.(这一点通常是值得赞赏的,因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物)。指出因为新搬家,所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分享搬家,所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C项:你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享。故选C。
    39.本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐,主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到,由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家后不久举行的,人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见的,A项:但这并不常见。表达了此意,与上文衔接,故选A。
    40.上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来,根据bring firewood to a new home as a gift.可知人们会带柴火作为礼物,那么本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G项:这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖。符合语境。故选G。




    第三部分:语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
    第一节 (共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)
    (2021·全国·高考真题)Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a ___41___ just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different ___42___ of gratitude (感谢).
    My thoughts were soon ___43___. We had a woman patient who was ___44___ from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while ___45___ to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was ___46___ discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, ___47___the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though ___48___, and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks.
    She was ___49___ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her ______50______ at her recovery. As she was ______51______ she was eager to say ______52______ to each of us in the nursing team. When she ______53______ one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague ______54______ to accept it, saying that we were all just ______55______ our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then ______56______:“Oh this isn’t for the______57______ I had. I take that as a ______58______. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.”
        And there you have it. To many people,______59______lives is part of the job but styling hair is an ______60______ and should be rewarded.
    41.A.cleaner B.chemist C.nurse D.doctor
    42.A.grades B.meanings C.needs D.expectations
    43.A.brushed aside B.put to the test C.brought under discussion D.taken into account
    44.A.departing B.escaping C.retiring D.recovering
    45.A.attempting B.choosing C.pausing D.promising
    46.A.eventually B.fortunately C.casually D.secretly
    47.A.assessing B.requiring C.forming D.proving
    48.A.slightly B.accidentally C.slowly D.happily
    49.A.grateful B.thoughtful C.sorrowful D.fearful
    50.A.surprise B.delight C.curiosity D.disappointment
    51.A.operating B.thinking C.hesitating D.leaving
    52.A.sorry B.hello C.goodbye D.yes
    53.A.reached B.consulted C.introduced D.persuaded
    54.A.wished B.pretended C.failed D.refused
    55.A.enjoying B.doing C.securing D.starting
    56.A.repeated B.recited C.replied D.reported
    57.A.courage B.patience C.duty D.care
    58.A.goal B.given C.push D.greeting
    59.A.risking B.changing C.saving D.building
    60.A.honour B.ability C.opening D.extra

    【答案】
    41.C    42.A    43.B    44.D    45.A    46.A    47.B    48.C    49.A    50.B    51.D    52.C    53.A    54.D    55.B    56.C    57.D    58.B    59.C    60.D
    【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者做护士期间遇到的一个女病人的故事,表达了我们应该对别人的付出表示真诚的感谢,即使他们只是做了自己分内的事。
    41.考查名词词义辨析。句意:几周前我在做护士的时候就在考虑这个问题。A. cleaner清洁工;B. chemist化学家;C. nurse护士;D. doctor医生。根据下文“As she was  ___11___  she was eager to say  ___12___  to each of us in the nursing team.”可知,当时作者是一名护士。故选C。
    42.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我突然想到,如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激之情的词语,那会容易得多。A. grades等级;B. meanings意思;C. needs需求;D. expectations期待。根据上文“Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations.”可知,作者认为如果有表达不同程度感谢的词,那么感谢就容易得多了。故选A。
    43.考查动词短语辨析。句意:我的想法很快就进行了测验。A. brushed aside不理会;B. put to the test接受考验;C. brought under discussion在讨论中;D. taken into account考虑。根据下文“She was  ___9___  for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her.”以及语境可知,女病人对护士们的做法使得作者的想法很快进行了测验。故选B。
    44.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们有一个病人膝盖置换手术后正在康复。A. departing离开;B. escaping逃跑;C. retiring退休;D. recovering恢复。根据下文“from a knee replacement operation”可知,此处表示病人正在恢复中。故选D。
    45.考查动词词义辨析。句意:一天下午,当她试图上床睡觉时,她因心脏病发作摔倒了。A. attempting试图;B. choosing选择;C. pausing暂停;D. promising承诺。根据上文“We had a woman patient who was  ___4___  from a knee replacement operation.”可知,她是膝盖有问题的病人,此处表示她试图上床睡觉。故选A。
    46.考查副词词义辨析。句意:一天下午,当她试图上床睡觉时,她因心脏病发作摔倒了。A. eventually最后;B. fortunately幸运地;C. casually随意地;D. secretly秘密地。根据上文“We had a woman patient who was  ___4___  from a knee replacement operation.”以及下文“discovered to be a heart attack”可知,此处表示最终发现病人摔倒是因为心脏病。故选A。
    47.考查动词词义辨析。句意:这次摔倒是灾难性的,需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。A. assessing评估;B. requiring需要;C. forming形成;D. proving证明。根据上文“The collapse was disastrous”可知,此处表示需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。故选B。
    48.考查副词词义辨析。句意:虽然很慢,但她恢复了,四周后就可以出院了。A. slightly轻微地;B. accidently意外地;C. slowly缓慢地;D. happily幸福地。根据上文“the collapse was disastrous”以及“But she recovered, though”可知,此处表示她恢复得很慢。故选C。
    49.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:她对医疗及护士团队为她所作的一切都非常感激。A. grateful感激的;B. thoughtful体贴的;C. sorrowful伤心的,悲伤的;D. fearful恐惧的。根据下文“As she was  ___11___  she was eager to say  ___12___  to each of us in the nursing team.”可知,她对大家的付出表示感激。故选A。
    50.考查名词词义辨析。句意:在她出院那天,我们分享了她康复的喜悦。A. surprise惊喜;B. delight喜悦;C. curiosity好奇心;D. disappointment失望。根据下文“her recovery”可知,此处表示分享她康复的喜悦。故选B。
    51.考查动词词义辨析。句意:当她要离开时,她渴望和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. operating手术;B. thinking思考;C. hesitating犹豫;D. leaving离开。根据上文“On her day of discharge,”可知,女病人要出院了,此处表示当她即将离开医院时。故选D。
    52.考查名词词义辨析。句意:当她要离开时,她渴望和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. sorry抱歉;B. hello你好;C. goodbye再见;D. yes同意。根据下文“to each of us in the nursing team.”可知,此处表示女病人要出院时,渴望和护理团队的人说再见,say goodbye to sb.表示“和某人说再见”,符合语境。故选C。
    53.考查动词词义辨析。句意:当她走到一个护士身边时,她试图塞一张五英镑的钞票在她手里。A. reached到达;B. consulted咨询;C. introduced介绍;D. persuaded说服。根据下文“one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand.”可知,此处表示她走到护士的身边。故选A。
    54.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我的同事拒绝接受,说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. wished希望;B. pretended假装;C. failed失败;D. refused拒绝。根据下文“saying that we were all just  ___15___  our job.”可知,作者的同事拒绝收下女病人给的钱。故选D。
    55.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我的同事拒绝接受,说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. enjoying享受;B. doing做;C. securing获得;D. starting开始。根据上文“My colleague  ___14___  to accept it, saying that we were all just”可知,此处表示作者的同事告诉女病人,她照顾病人只是做了自己应该做的事情。故选B。
    56.考查动词词义辨析。句意:这个病人看起来很困惑,然后回复到:“噢,这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不,这是为了昨天为我整理头发的。”A. repeated重复;B. recited背诵;C. replied回答,回应;D. reported报道。根据下文““Oh this isn’t for the ___17___  I had. I take that as a  ___18___. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.””可知,此处表示女病人对同事说的话的回应。故选C。
    57.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个病人看起来很困惑,然后回复到:“噢,这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不,这是为了昨天为我整理头发的。”A. courage勇气;B. patience耐心;C. duty职责;D. care照顾。根据下文“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”可知,女病人并不是因为护士的照顾才给的五英镑。故选D。
    58.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个病人看起来很困惑,然后回复到:“噢,这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不,这是为了昨天为我整理头发的。”A. goal目标;B. given该给的东西;C. push推力;D. greeting招呼。根据下文“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”可知,此处表示女病人说她得到的照顾是护士们应该给她的(东西)。故选B。
    59.考查动词词义辨析。句意:对许多人来说,拯救生命是工作的一部分,但发型是额外的,应该得到奖励。A. risking冒险;B. changing改变;C. saving拯救;D. building建设。根据上文“But she recovered, though  ___8___ , and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks.”以及常识可知,医生和护理团队拯救了女病人的生命,此处表示很多人认为拯救生命是医生和护士工作的一部分。故选C。
    60.考查名词词义辨析。句意:对许多人来说,拯救生命是工作的一部分,但做发型是额外的事情,应该得到奖励。A. honour荣誉;B. ability能力;C. opening开口处;D. extra额外的东西。根据上文“To many people, ___19___ lives is part of the job but styling hair is an”可知,此处表示做发型是本职工作以外的事情,即额外做的事情,应该得到奖励。故选D。





    第二节:(共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分)
    (2022·全国·高考真题)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
    A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___61___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
    On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___63___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
    Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
    In the last five years. Cao ___67___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___68___ (high) mountain.
    Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____70____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.

    【答案】
    61.to journey    62.who    63.held    64.A    65.protection    66.meaningful    67.has walked    68.highest    69.from    70.planning

    【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个有视力障碍的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
    61.考查非谓语动词。句意:近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安,作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。step前面有序数词first,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to journey。
    62.考查定语从句。句意:在1100公里的旅程中,8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词为the man,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
    63.考查非谓语动词。句意:受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发,曹决定徒步穿越这条路线,以向古代丝绸之路致敬。动词hold意为“举行”,和谓语之间没有连词,和逻辑主语“the Belt and Road Forum”之间构成被动关系,且动作已完成,应用过去分词,作后置定语。故填held。
    64.考查冠词。句意:他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。此处名词friend第一次出现,所以应用不定冠词表示泛指,且friend是以辅音音素开头的词,应用不定冠词a。故填A。
    65.考查名词。句意:曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处应用名词protection,作宾语,protection表示“保护”时,是不可数名词。故填protection。
    66.考查形容词。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构,应用形容词meaningful表示“有意义的”,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
    67.考查动词时态。句意:在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语Cao为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has walked。
    68.考查形容词最高级。句意:在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知,此处是指三者或三者以上的比较,应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
    69.考查介词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from,固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
    70.考查非谓语动词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。动词plan意为“计划”,和谓语之间没有连词,和主语构成主动关系,应用现在分词,作状语。故填planning。





    第四部分:写作(共两节,满分35分)
    第一节 短文改错(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)
    71.(2021·全国·高考真题)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
    增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
    删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
    修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
    注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
    2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
    I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary. In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework. Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship. What’s most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
    【答案】1. dish→dishes
    2. tidying→tidy
    3. whatever→whenever
    4. doing前加上from
    5. was→is
    6. 删除are
    7. most→more
    8. mentally→mental
    9. our→my
    10. hopes→hope
    【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者喜欢做家务,并叙述自己对做家务的看法。
    【详解】1. 考查名词复数。句意:饭后我总是帮助父母洗碗。固定短语do the dishes“洗餐具”。故将dish改为dishes。
    2. 考查动词时态。句意:我也给院子里的花浇水,必要时打扫我自己的卧室。tidy与water并列作句子谓语,根据water可知,句子使用一般现在时,主语是I,谓语动词应用原形形式。故将tidying改为tidy。
    3. 考查让步状语从句。句意:我也给院子里的花浇水,必要时打扫我自己的卧室。此处表示在有必要的时候打扫自己的卧室,应用whenever,表示“无论何时”,引导让步状语从句。故将whatever改为whenever。
    4. 考查介词。句意:在我看来,学生可以从做家务中受益很多。固定短语benefit from“从……中获益”,所以doing前应加介词from。故在doing前加from。
    5. 考查动词时态。句意:首先,做家务有助于我们成为一个负责任的人。根据上下文时态可知,句子描述现在的一般情况,应用一般现在时,主语doing housework是动名词短语,be动词应用is。故将was改为is。
    6. 考查动词。句意:同时,这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情,改善家庭关系。根据gives和improves可知,句子使用一般现在时,like是动词,表示“喜欢”,与主语they之间是主动关系,且they是复数,动词应用原形形式。故删除are。
    7. 考查固定搭配。句意:此外,做家务可以是一种从学习中获得精神放松的方式。固定搭配what’s more“此外”。故将most改为more。
    8. 考查形容词。句意:此外,做家务可以是一种从学习中获得精神放松的方式。修饰名词relaxation,应用形容词mental,作定语。故将mentally改为mental。
    9. 考查代词。句意:这是我对家务的看法。结合语境,此处表示“我对家务的看法”,应用形容词性物主代词my。故将our改为my。
    10. 考查祈使句。句意:并且希望这能激发更多关于这个话题的思考!分析句子结构可知,本句为省略主语you的祈使句,应用动词原形,置于句首。故将hopes改为hope。


    第二节 书面表达 (满分25分)
    72.(2021·全国·高考真题)假定你是李华。你校计划举办介绍中国传统文化的主题班会,并在英文网站展示。请你写一封邮件给外国朋友Chris,向他了解哪些中国传统文化更吸引外国友人。邮件内容包括:
    1.阐明写信事由;
    2.征求建议;
    3.表示感谢。
    注意:1.词数100左右;
    2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    【答案】Dear Chris,
    How are you doing these days? I’m writing to ask you some advice.
    In order to promote Chinese traditional culture and post some class meetings on English websites, our school is going to organise class meetings, the theme of which is traditional Chinese culture. We can choose a variety of themes, such as calligraphy, martial arts, oil paintings, papercutting and so on. I’m wondering if you could let me know which of them you like best and which of them people from outside of China are more likely to be interested in.
    Thank you for your help. I’d appreciate it if you could reply to me at your earliest convenience.
    Yours,
    Li Hua
    【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文,假定考生是李华。你校计划举办介绍中国传统文化的主题班会,并在英文网站展示。请你写一封邮件给外国朋友Chris,向他了解哪些中国传统文化更吸引外国友人。
    【详解】1. 词汇积累
    建议:suggestion→ advice
    提高:heighten→ promote
    各种各样: all kinds of→ a variety of
    选择:select→ choose
    2. 句式拓展
    简单句变复合句
    原句:We can choose a variety of themes, such as calligraphy, martial arts, oil paintings, papercutting and so on.
    拓展句:We can choose a variety of themes, which include calligraphy, martial arts, oil paintings, papercutting and so on.
    【点睛】[高分句型1] In order to promote Chinese traditional culture and post some class meetings on English websites, our school is going to organise class meetings, the theme of which is traditional Chinese culture..(介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句)
    [高分句型2] I’m wondering if you could let me know which of them you like best and which of them people from outside of China are more likely to be interested in.(if引导的宾语从句)

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