外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Looking forwards教学设计

Topic

Tenses

Teacher

Teaching

Aims:

1. Let the students know more about the usage of tenses.
2. Guide the students to find and summarize the rules of tenses.

Teaching important

Points:

1.Help the students to grasp the key points to use tenses.  

2.Guide the students to review and flexibly use the common tenses in the real context.

Teaching difficult points:

 Help the students to grasp some basic tenses.

Teaching methods:

Introduction method

Teaching type:

Grammar

课 时

two

Teaching procedure:

Teaching contents:

Step1:

Leading-in

Step2:

Step3:

Step4:

Summary

动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态。动作和状态的发生有一定的时间和表现方式，这就是英语中动词的时态。英语动词的时态主要

由动词的不同形式来表示。

一、一般时态

1.一般现在时(am/is/are或do/does)

一般现在时表示经常发生的或习惯性动作、客观存在的情况或状态等。常与表示时间或频度的状语连用，如:always,often,seldom             

sometimes,usually,every day/night, ever time,now and then等。

Around two o'clock every night,Sue starts talking in her dream.It somewhat bothers us.

每天晚上大约两点钟的时候,休就开始说梦话。这有点困扰我们。Notes:

⑴按时间表、时刻表、日程表、计划或规定等将要发生的动作,用一般现在时。往往只限于 go,arrive,leave,stay,return,begin, come 等动词。

The flight takes off at 2: 30every Wednesday and Friday.这个航班每周三和周五2:30起飞。

⑵用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来。(即“主将从现”原则)

When I grow up,I will be a nurse and look after patients.我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。

2.一般过去时(was/were或did)

一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。

-Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been?

好久没见你了!你去哪里了呀?

-I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year,teaching as a volunteer.

我去了宁夏，在那里待了一年，作为一名志愿者教书。

3.一般将来时(shall/will do)

一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或将来存在的状态。

He will graduate from Tsinghua University next year.

他明年将从清华大学毕业。

-What time is it?

几点了?

-I have no idea. But just a minute,I will check it for you.我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。

4.过去将来时(should/would do)

过去将来时表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。would do也可以表示过去某种习惯性行为。

She hoped that they would meet again someday.

她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。

Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us.

每当我们遇到困难时,他总会给予帮助

二、进行时态

1.现在进行时(am/is/are doing)

现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事,经常与now， at the moment,these days等连用。

Linda's brother is watching TV in his bedroom now.现在琳达的哥哥正在他的卧室里看电视。

Notes:

⑴现在进行时可以表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常限于 go,come,leave,start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, have, wear等动词。

We're having some guests tonight.

我们今晚有客人来。

⑵当现在进行时与频度副词 always, forever,continually，constantly等连用时强调重复的动作，表示某种感情色彩(如赞许厌烦、满意等)。

My wife is always complaining about this or that.

我的妻子总是抱怨这个那个的。

The students are making progress constantly.

学生们在不断进步。

2.过去进行时(was/were doing)

过去进行时表示在过去某时刻或某一阶段内正在进行的动作,通常与表示过去的时间状语 at that time,at that moment,at this time yesterday,at ten o'clock yesterday等连用。

 She was phoning someone,so I nodded to her and went away.她正在给某个人打电话，所以我向她点了点头就离开了。

Notes:

⑴表示位移的动词，如come,go,arrive，leave,start,begin，return等的过去进行时可以表示计划、安排过去将要发生的动作。

She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.她告诉我她将去海南度假。

⑵过去进行时在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行。你宗去故

When I got to the top of the mountain,the sun was shining.我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。

⑶将来进行时(will be doing)

将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的或持续的动作。

Daniel's family will be enjoying their holiday in Mount Huangshan this time next week.

下周的这个时候,丹尼尔的家人将在黄山度假。

She will be working on her experiment during May.

整个五月她将全部用来进行她的实验。

三、完成时态(现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时)

1.现在完成时(have/has done)

(1)表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，常与already,yet,ever， never,just,before等词连用。

You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。

(2)表示从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作。往往和表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间的时间状语连用，如:so far,up to now,since last year,for a long time,in/during the past decades, these days 等。

Up to now, we have received no news from her.

我们至今没有收到她的消息。 

They have learned English for eight years.

他们已经学了八年的英语了。

Notes:

下列句型中常用现在完成时:

This/That/It is/will be the first(second/third/...)time

+that从句.

This/That/It is the best/finest most interesting/...+名词+that从句.

This is the first time I have flown to Shanghai.

这是我第一次飞往上海。

This is the most interesting novel he has ever written.

这是他所写的最有趣的一部小说。

2.过去完成时(had done)

过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成或结束的动作，即“过去的过去”。可以用by，at等构成的介词短语或 when,before等引导的时间状语从句来表示动作发生的时间。

Lily had just left when we arrived.

我们到达的时候莉莉刚刚离开。

Notes：

过去完成时还可用在hardly... when...,no sooner... than...,It's was the first/second/...time(that)...等固定句型中。在这类句型中，注意有时会用到倒装结构。

Hardly had the game begun when it started raining.

比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。

3.将来完成时(shall/will have done)

将来完成时表示将来某时之前或某动作之前已经完成的动作，或一个持续到将来某时或某动作发生之前的动作。

I shall have finished the report by next Friday.

到下周五我就完成这份报告了。

By next Monday, she will have studied here for three years.到下周一，她在这里学习就要满三年了。

四、完成进行时态(现在完成进行时)现在完成进行时表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。

She has been playing tennis since she was 20 eight.

她从八岁开始就一直打网球。 

I have been cycling to work for the last two weeks.

这两个星期以来我一直骑车上班。

易混淆时态辨析

1.一般过去时和现在完成时

两者都表示发生在过去的动作。但现在完成时表示过去的动作与现在的关系，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果;一般过去时强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在没有联系。

They've gone to Paris.

他们到巴黎去了。(说明他们现在去巴黎了，不在这里)

They went to Paris.

他们去了巴黎。(只说明去过,不表明是否现在仍在那里)

3. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别

(1)现在完成时强调的是某个刚刚完成的动作或某个过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果;现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性。试比较:

I have thought it over.

我已经考虑过这件事了。

I have been thinking it over.

我一直在考虑这件事。

(2)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的反复性;现在完成时一般不表

示反复性。

试比较:

Have you been meeting him recently?

你最近经常见他吗?

Have you met him recently?

你最近见过他吗?

(3)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的反复性;现在完成时一般不表示反复性。

试比较:

Have you been meeting him recently?

你最近经常见他吗?

Have you met him recently?

你最近见过他吗?

(4)现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩;现在完成时一般表示平铺直叙。

试比较:

亨利工作有条不紊。

Henry has been doing his work orderly.(含表扬的意味)

Henry has done his work orderly.(描述事实)

Task1:用所给词的适当形式填空。

①Once the drink        (be) gone, the straw will take

centuries to disappear.

②During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer      

        (say) something I still think about often.

③The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and       (remain) around that level ever since.

④By about 6 000 BC，people        (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.

⑤-You are a great swimmer.

-Thanks. It's because I        (practise) a lot these days.

⑥I        (hope)to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it .

⑦-I dropped in at your house at about ten last night, but you weren't in.

-I        (do)regular exercises at the club.

⑧My dictionary is missing. I have looked for it everywhere but still        (find)it.

⑨The vegetables didn't taste very good.They       

(cook)too long.

⑩The train         (go)at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine o'clock tonight.

⑪I first met Tom 10 years ago. He        (work)in a radio factory at that time.

⑫I        (wait)for you for almost 2 hours.

⑬He just told me that he        (help) me when I was in trouble.

⑭When they reached there, the ship        (set)off.

⑮In the past two years,I        (make) many friends in the school.

⑯I        (stay)in China since I was ten.

Task2:单句写作

1.昨天我们去了公园。

2.狗在吃骨头。

3.汤姆每天早上起得很早。

4.他教英语已经8年了。

5.雨已经连续下了一整天了。

6.雨很快就要停了。

Answers:

Task1:

①is  ②said  ③has remained  ④had discovered 

⑤have been practising ⑥had hoped ⑦was doing

⑧haven't found  ⑨had been cooked  ⑩will be going

⑪was working ⑫have been waiting ⑬would help

⑭had set ⑮have made ⑯have been staying 

Task2:①Yesterday we went to the park

②The dog is eating a bone

③Tom gets up early every morning

④He has taught English for 8 years

⑤It has been raining all day

⑥The rain will stop soon

This lesson successfully completed the pre-set tasks

and achieved good effects.

Homework

完成下列语法练习题

1. As many of us already know, having plans in place for the future         (be) no guarantee that they        (become) reality.

2.What        (do) in ten years' time?

3. Although they shared the same ambitious and energetic approach to life, their careers        (unfold) in contrasting ways.

4.I decided that I        (write) one story about each thing that I knew about.

5. By contrast, the young Arthur Conan Doyle, born in

 Scotland in 1859, hr originally        (work) as a doctor.

6.Interestingly,Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he        (wait) for patients in his medical practice in Lon don.

7.Sherlock Holmes        (entertain) readers for well over a century.

8. For many of us, it's something we already       

(experience).

Answers:1.is; will become 2.will; be doing 3.unfolded

4. would write 5.had; worked 6.was waiting

7.has been entertaining 8. have experienced

Blackboard design

Tenses

1. 一般时态
2.       进行时态
3. 完成时态
4.       完成进行时态