专题02 名词 2010-2019年近10年高考英语真题分项版汇编（教师版）

这是一份专题02 名词 2010-2019年近10年高考英语真题分项版汇编（教师版），共15页。


专题02 名词
(2010﹒安徽﹒T 24) I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_______
A. hearing B. strength C. recognition D. measure
【答案】C
【解析】hearing意为 “听力”；strength意为 “力气；力量”； recognition意为 “认出；识别；认识”； measure意为 “测量；措施”。句意为 “……她变得认不出来了。”
(2010﹒江西﹒T 35)Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) ______ of 40,000 per year.
A average B number C amount D quantity
【答案】A
【解析】a number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。
(2010﹒山东﹒T 33)Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.
A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter
【答案】A
【解析】句意应为 “那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意, relief 表示 “缓解, 减轻, 解除”。 safety表示 “安全, 保险”；defense 表示 “防御, 防护”； shelter表示 “掩蔽, 保护”。
(2010﹒天津﹒T 3)James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.
A. room B. area C. field D. position
【答案】A
【解析】句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了, 目的是为电视腾出空间。make room for是固定搭配, 意思是 “为……让空”的意思, 其中的room是不可数名词。
(2010﹒江苏﹒T 22)The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_____.
A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization
【答案】B
【解析】reputation 表示名声而expectation是期望的意思。Contribution是贡献的意思。Civilization是文明的意思。
(2010﹒湖北﹒T 21)This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. division B. area C. range D. circle
【答案】B
【解析】此题不仅考查学生对于四个选项的认知, 更重要的是要理解句子的含义。 “这家餐馆越来越出名 是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型人群。” “a range of “强调一个系列, 而 “a wide range of”意为 “各种各样的”。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲, 这个句子属于典型的 “从句套从句”。 “for”引导原因状语从句, “that”引导定语从句。 　　
(2010﹒湖北﹒T22)After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.
A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture.
【答案】D
【解析】512的汶川地震, 414玉树地震。天灾 “earthquake”相信是很多考生都准备过的一个话题。所以相关词汇“accommodation”表示 “住处”应该是考生们准备的系列词汇之一。这道题难度不大, 句子结构也相对简单。只要背过这几个词, 知道 “occupation”表示 “占用”或者“工作, 职业”；“furniture”表示 “家具”；“equipment”表示 “设备, 器材”就能选出正确答案D了。
(2010﹒浙江﹒T16)The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they don’t give you any direct ______.
A. solution B. target C. measure D. function
【答案】A
【解析】分析四个选项：solution解决方法；target目标；measure措施；function功能。根据句意：学校的建议者们帮助你分析问题, 但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。
(2011﹒江苏﹒T27)Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _____.
A．consequence B．independence C．competence D．intelligence
【答案】C
【解析】句意为 “教师要不断地更新他们的知识以便保持专业上的称职。”consequence后果，结果；independence独立；competence能力，胜任，称职；intelligence智力, 智慧; 理解力。根据句意选C。
(2011﹒福建﹒T26)The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.
A.result B.cause C.warning D.reflection
【答案】B
【解析】句意为“公众缺乏对生态环境友好的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的主要原因。”result结果；cause原因；warning警告；reflection反映。cause与global climate change存在着因果关系，故选B。
(2011﹒浙江﹒T18)Anyway, I can’t cheat him—it’s against all my ____.
A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions
【答案】B
【解析】句意为“不管怎样，我不能欺骗他—这违反我的原则。”emotion情绪；principle原则，准则；regulation规定，规则；opinions意见。根据句意选B。
(2011﹒四川﹒T13)Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s .
A.touch B.sight C.reach D.distance
【答案】C
【解析】句意为“时刻记住：这些危险物品，比如刀子，要放在孩子们够不着的地方。”out of touch不联系，不接触；out of sight看不见, 在视野之外；out of reach手够不着, 达不到；out of distance远离=far away。根据前面的交代的危险品，选C。
(2011﹒湖北﹒T21) “Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with______ clearly in her voice.
A . anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic
【答案】D
【解析】句意为“Tommy，快跑！快点！房子着火了！”母亲大声叫喊，嗓音里夹杂这明显的惊慌。”anger生气；rudeness粗鲁； regret后悔；panic惊慌，慌乱。根据句意选D。
(2011﹒湖北﹒T22)Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big________, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.
A. project B. commitment C. competition D. ambition
【答案】B
【解析】句意为“当初放弃我的工作重新接受全日制的教育是个了不起的决定，现在我知道那是我作出的最好的决定。”project项目, 计划, 方案, 课题；commitment 承诺，许诺，保证；competition比赛，竞争；ambition抱负，雄心，野心。commitment与后面的decision相呼应，故选B。
(2011﹒湖北﹒T30)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _________ younger men.
A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of
【答案】C
【解析】句意为“当被问到对于校长的看法时，许多老师都愿意看到他靠边站为更年轻的人让路。”in terms of就而论；in need of需要；in favor of赞成；in praise of表扬，赞扬。
(2011﹒江西﹒T13)What’s the_____, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself?
A.sympathy B.theme C.object D.point
【答案】D
【解析】sympathy同情，theme 主题，object 物体，point意义。句意为你认为如果他没有作出努力去帮助自己而去帮助他的意义是什么？选D。
(2011﹒山东﹒T34)There’s a _____ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.
A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship
【答案】A
【解析】句意为“我们办公室有个传统:轮到某个人的生日时，他就带蛋糕来与大家分享。”tradition传统；balance平衡； concern关心；relationship关系，联系。句中somebody 与they相照应，说明不止一次，因此用tradition作答案。
(2011﹒江苏﹒T32)We’d better discuss everything _______ before we work out the plan.
A．in detail B．in general C．on purpose D．on time
【答案】A
【解析】句意为“我们最好先详细地讨论好一切，然后再制定计划。”in detail详细地；in general一般而言, 总的来说；on purpose故意地；on time准时。根据句意，先讨论后定计划，选A。

(2012﹒浙江﹒T7)Your as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
A. operation B. growth C. performance D. character
【答案】C
【解析】根据句意：作为一个学生，你的学习（performance）会很棒的如果你能够养成对所学的的东西进行反思的话。operation操作、手术；growth增长；character人物、角色，均不符合语境，故排除。
(2012﹒湖北﹒T29)It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ________.
A. symptom B. similarity C. sample D. shadow
【答案】 A
【解析】句意为：定期检查眼睛看看是否有眼疾症状很重要。A项意为“症状”，符合句意；B项意为“类似”，C项意为“样本”，D项意为“阴影”，都与语意不符。
(2012﹒湖北﹒T30)The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct ________ in applying for a visa.
A. pattern B. procedure C. program D. perspective
【答案】B
【解析】句意为：这位官员坚持认定Michael没有按照正确的程序申请签证。B项意为“程序”，符合句意；A项意为“模式”，C项意为“节目”，D项意为“远景”，都与语意不符。
(2012﹒江苏﹒T21)— Can I help you with it?
— I appreciate your , but I can manage it myself.
A. advice B. question C. offer D. idea
【答案】C
【解析】句意为：——我可以帮你吗？——我感激你的提议 “offer”，但我自己能设法做的。offer意为“提议”，符合题意。A意为“建议，劝告”；B意为“问题”；D意为“想法，主意”。
(2012﹒江西﹒T29)You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future .
A．purpose B． reference C．progress D．memory
【答案】B
【解析】你最好写下这个餐馆的号码以便日后参考用。for future reference是一个常用词组搭配，表示“以供日后参考”。
(2012﹒四川﹒T15)He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It’s just a matter of _____.
A. luck B. value C. time D. fact
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意为：他迟早会渐渐理解你付出的努力的。这只是个时间的问题。根据句意选C。
(2012﹒全国卷II﹒T19)The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ______ in this city.
A. quantity B. progress C. production D. demand
【答案】D
【解析】此处quantity数量；progress进步； production生产；demand要求。这里be in great demand意为：需求量很大，畅销。句意：《哈利波特》很受欢迎；在这个城市有很大的需求量。
(2012﹒天津﹒T3)You were working too hard. You’d better keep a ________between work and relaxation.
A. promise B. lead C. balance D. diary
【答案】C
【解析】根据句意，你最好在工作和休闲之间保持平衡。
(2013﹒湖北﹒T21)Poetry written from the ______ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.
A. perspective B. priority C. participation D. privilege
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查词汇和句意的理解。perspective 观点，看法； 角度；priority优先，优先权；participation n. 参加，参与 ；privilege n. 特权 ，权益；重点结构：written from…在句中充当后置定语。句意为从城市青年的角度来写的诗歌更加倾向于揭示他们在缺乏归属感上的焦虑。
(2013﹒湖北﹒T22)Carbon dioxide, which makes a ______ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.
A. difference B. comparison C. connection D. barrier
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查词汇和句意的理解。difference 差别，差异 ；comparison 比较，对照 ; connection 连接 ; 联系，关系 ; barrier 障碍 ; 屏障 ;本题中有一个which引导的非限制性定义从句，一个短语prevents …from…句意为二氧化碳在我们与太阳之间的形成了一道屏障，它可以防止热量轻易逃离大气层，因此地球变得越来越暖。

(2013﹒湖北﹒T30)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ______ a long lost antique Greek vase
A. at random B. by chance C. in turn D. on occasion
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查短语和句意的理解。at random任意地，随便地；by chance偶然地，意外地；无意之中；碰巧；in turn轮流地；相应地；on occasion有时， 间或。句意为一个艺术家最近乘坐渡轮到那个南方岛屿旅游，他无意之中竟然发现失传已久的古希腊花瓶。
(2013﹒江苏﹒T33)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a _______ for the better.
A. share B. chance C. turn D. lead[
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查固定短语在语境中的使用。A. take a share分担……，为……出力 B. take a chance冒险 C. take a turn转弯，转；（情况、形势等）转变 D. take a lead领先，带头。根据本句，for the better的提示，可见是讲转变，变得更好，所以选C。句意为有了源于其他食品文化的灵感，美国饮食文化可以变得更好。
(2013﹒江西﹒T22)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ______.
A.curiosity B. satisfaction C. envy D. patience
【答案】D
【解析】考查with+名词搭配的介宾短语。A. with curiosity好奇地；B. with satisfaction满意地；C. with envy羡慕地；D. with patience耐心地。句意为无论什么时候我犯了错，老师总是耐心地给我指出来。
(2013﹒辽宁﹒T23)The accident caused some______ to my car, but it’s nothing serious.
A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。A. harm伤害，害处 B. injury意外伤害 C. ruin毁灭（不可修复）；废墟D. damage破坏，损坏（可以修复）。根据后一句it’s nothing serious，可知造成的破坏不严重，可以修复。所以选D。句意为这次事故对我的汽车造成了一些损坏，但并不严重。
(2013﹒天津﹒T7)While she was in Paris, she developed a ________ for fine art.
A. way B. relation C. taste D. habit
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查名词的词义辨析。A项way意为“方式、方法”；B项relation意为“关系，联系”；C项taste意为“品位，鉴赏”，符合句意；而D项意为“习惯”。句意为当她在巴黎时，培养了自己鉴赏精美艺术品的品位。
(2013﹒浙江﹒T4)As the world’s population continues to grow, the ______ of food becomes more and more of a concern.
A. worth B. supply C. package D. list
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。worth价值，package包装，list名单，清单， supply供应，与语境“人口增长”相对应的是“粮食供应”。句意为随着世界人口继续增长，食物的供应变得越来越受关注。

(2014﹒安徽﹒T29)—Why not buy a second­hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?
—That's a good________．
A．saying B．question C．suggestion D．account
【答案】C　
【解析】saying谚语，格言，名言；question问题，议题；suggestion建议；account账目，账户。“Why not do sth？”表示建议做某事。句意：“如果你的钱不够买一辆新车，何不先买辆二手车？”“好建议！”故选C。
(2014﹒福建﹒T26)—Could you tell me the________ of making such tasty cakes?
—Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.
A．feature B．plan C．cost D．trick
【答案】D
【解析】句意：“你能告诉我制作如此美味蛋糕的窍门吗？”“喔，我只是按照食谱上的说明做的。”feature特色，特征；plan计划，方案；cost费用，代价，成本；trick窍门，花招，诡计。根据句意可知选择D项。
(2014﹒江苏﹒T27)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year's election.
A．symbol B．portrait C．identity D．statue
【答案】A
【解析】句意：虽然2年前就已遭软禁，但她在去年的选举中仍然是有影响力的象征。symbol象征，标志；portrait肖像，描写； identity身份，同一性； statue雕像，塑像。根据语境可知A项正确。
(2014﹒天津﹒T3)Wind is now the world's fastest growing ________ of power.
A. source B. sense C. result D. root
【答案】A
【解析】source 源泉，来源；sense感觉，仪式；result 结果；root根源，背景，根。 句意：风现在是世界上增长最快的能源。
(2014﹒浙江﹒T6)We most prefer to say yes to the ________ of someone we know and like.
A．attempts B．requests C．doubts D．promises
【答案】B
【解析】句意：对于我们熟悉和喜欢的人提出的要求，我们一般都会同意的。request请求，要求；attempt 企图，尝试；doubt怀疑，疑惑；promise允诺，承诺。故选B项。

(2015﹒湖北﹒T21) When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.
A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place
【答案】A
【解析】句意：男孩在追他哥哥时，重重的摔了一跤。A项“平衡”；B项“机会”；C项“记忆”；D项“地方”。Lose one’s balance“失去平衡”。故选A项。
(2015﹒湖北﹒T22)He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.
A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。
(2015﹒安徽﹒T30)There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.
A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。
(2015﹒江苏·T35)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .
A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：—Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。—我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项“请求”；B项“借口”；C项“道歉”；D项“遗憾，后悔”。故选C项。
(2015﹒江苏﹒T32)Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。
(2015﹒福建﹒T24)The failure was a big _________to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
A. blow B. issue C. excuse D. Factor
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：考查名词辨析A.blow打击;B.issue问题;C.excuse借口;D.factor要素。该句意思为：这个失败对他来说是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A
(2015﹒浙江﹒T25)One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.
A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：句意：一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。A. production意为产品， B. stress意为压力， C. energy意为能源， D. passive意为力量。此题考查的是4个名词的词义辨析，需要正确理解该句的语义。根据常识可以知道，和别人谈心应该来说是减压。所以答案是B. stress意为压力。
(2016﹒江苏﹒T24) —Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?
—Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查名词词义辨析。名词recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt收据，收条；句意：—你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？—当然是尽情享受每一天。根据句意可知A项意为“秘诀”，与上下文相符。
(2016﹒天津﹒T2)The dictionary is ______: many words have been added to the language since it was published.
A. out of control B. out of date C. out of sight D. out of reach
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：这本字典过时了：自从它被出版，很多单词被增加到这个语言中。A.失去控制；B.过时的；C看不见的；D.够不着的。根据句意，故选B。
(2016﹒天津﹒T10)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。
(2016﹒浙江﹒T4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.
A. condition B. income C. credit D. status
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。Condition条件；income收入；credit学分，信用（卡）。根据句意故选C。
(2016﹒浙江﹒T8) We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than _______ us.
A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：当我们学会让我们的差异联合起来而不是将我们分离的时候，我们就获得很多。A.将……分开；B.拒绝，拒收；C.控制；D.放弃。根据语境，故选A。
(2018﹒天津﹒T6)The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order
C. possibility D. invitation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。
(2018﹒江苏﹒T32) Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A. assignment B. association
C. acquisition D. assumption
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment分配；B. association交往；C. acquisition获得；D. assumption假设。故选D。
(2019﹒天津﹒T7)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact
C. impression D. judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。