北京市各地区2023届高考英语一模试题分类汇编-03阅读理解

这是一份北京市各地区2023届高考英语一模试题分类汇编-03阅读理解，共86页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，四两段讲述研究过程和发现等内容，欢迎下载使用。
北京市各地区2023届高考英语一模试题分类汇编-03阅读理解

一、阅读理解
（2023届北京市门头沟区高三综合练习（一）英语试卷）Tours come in many creative forms, such as guided walking tours, self-guided walking tours, coastal walks and bush walks.
Guided Walking Tours
Guided walking tours are an informative and fun way to deeply understand the area about a city’s history and the people there. You can take this kind of tour anytime and anywhere. Guided walking tours come with a guide with the knowledge and history of the area and they can help you with a lot of the history that happened in the area. Guided walking tours are better at showing sites in-depth.
Self-Guided Walking Tours
Self-guided tours are good if you wish to do things at your own pace. With self-guided tours, you usually have a brochure on the area that you follow and it will tell you about local people’s favorite landmarks. Self-guided tours are suitable for individuals or close friends. You can take them in any season you like.
Coastal Walking Tours
Coastal walks are ideal for those who enjoy breathtaking views. Coastal walks will often take you inland for part of your journey, only to rejoin the coastline at some other spectacular views mother nature has provided. Coastal walks are for all year round. I have done some great walks in winter and seen mother nature at her best, and the best part about doing tours during winter is that there are not very many people that will almost have the tour to themselves.
Bush Walking Tours
Bush walks, according to research, can help reduce depression and raise self-esteem. Bush walks can be a family activity with your dog throughout the year. Some bush walks may take more than one day. Whenever you want to take a bush walk, you should keep in mind that all bush walks should be researched thoroughly as you may need special equipment like waterproof trousers. At the very least you should let your family or friends know where you are going. This is useful if you get lost.
Hope you can find the most suitable tour for yourself.
1．What can we learn about guided walking tours from the passage?
A．It can be a family activity that may include pets.
B．You can have a further understanding of the area.
C．You can enjoy breathtaking views during the tour.
D．You can know the landmarks with the help of local people.
2．Which of these tours should you tell your family or friends in advance?
A．Bush walking tours. B．Guided walking tours.
C．Coastal walking tours. D．Self-guided walking tours.
3．What do these tours have in common?
A．You can participate anytime of the year.
B．You should buy special equipment in advance.
C．You will take part in both inland and coastline journeys.
D．You need a brochure to introduce the tours’ special features.

（2023届北京市门头沟区高三综合练习（一）英语试卷）It was rush hour on the morning of June1. Heather Santellano, 36, was driving her car on Houston Harte Frontage Road with her nine-year-old daughter and ten-year-old son in the back. Suddenly, a red pickup truck cut them off. Santellano turned the wheel hard to the right, sending the car running off the road and down an embankment (路堤) that ended in a drop-off after about 50 feet. If the car didn’t stop, it would go up into the air and slide onto the road some 20 feet below. Then came a bit of luck. As the car raced towards the edge, its undercarriage got stuck on the embankment, stopping it cold. The occupants, however, were far from safe. The car had come to rest on top of a retaining wall, literally teetering on the edge of disaster. One sudden move by anyone inside could send it over.
Jacob Rodriguez, a veteran, watched the scene unfold from the company where he works. Then, he and four other men ran to the car. They leaped onto the trunk to balance the weight as the terrified kids in the back seat watched.
Meanwhile, Julio Vasquez and his nephew, Marco Vasquez, were driving to their jobs at nearby Premier Automotive. Julio jumped out of the car to help while Marco went to the shop, grabbed a heavy-duty strap and returned to the dangling car. He tied the car to and F-350 truck that had been driven over by one of the other rescuers. With the car secured the group carefully opened the back doors and helped the children out.
But their departure shifted the car’s weight, causing it to lean forward. The men, still on the trunk, implored Santellano to jump into the back seat to re-balance the weight. She did and then inched out from the back door. Finally, the men carefully got off the trunk Everyone was safe. “Another foot,” Rodriguez told the media, “and this would be different story.”
4．What happened to Santellano’ scar after a red pickup truck cut it off?
A．It ran into the truck and was holed.
B．It rushed to the roadside and was broken.
C．It went into the air and fell sharply onto the road.
D．It slipped off the road and down an embankment.
5．Why did the car lean forward?
A．Because everyone got off the car.
B．Because Santellano jumped into the back seat.
C．Because the helpers ran to the car and leaped onto the trunk.
D．Because the weight of the car was unbalanced when the children left.
6．According to the passage,which words can best describe Jacob and his partners?
A．Generous and outgoing. B．Friendly and humble.
C．Helpful and professional. D．Ambitious and optimistic.

（2023届北京市门头沟区高三综合练习（一）英语试卷）The hydrogen-powered drone(无人机)，called “Qingting” in Chinese pronounced the same as the Chinese word “dragonfly”,has completed the automatic inspection of the 500 kilovolt of Wangnan Line.
It is the first time that a fuel-cell drone powered by hydrogen has been used in the national electrical power system to carry out inspection programs, meaning that hydrogen energy equipment has been firstly applied into the inspection of power grid(网).
The inspection drone traditionally is powered by lithium batteries which can last 20-30 minutes on average.There exists a certain threat to inspection safety if the drone falls out of control due to its use of large-capacity lithium battery pack, which easily leads to burn and explode. Thus, the current urgent need of inspection work for power grid requires a new kind of drone with long battery life,continuous inspection,and high security.
It is introduced that, this year State Grid Wenzhou Power Supply Company,together with Jinling Carbon Energy Digital Intelligence Technology Laboratory, finally successfully invented the first hydrogen-powered drone after half a year’s exploration and perseverance. As an electric drone taking hydrogen fuel cell to generate the power and hydrogen,hydrogen does not burn in thefuel cell during the operation of “Qingting”. Instead,it can be transformed directly into electricity by combining hydrogen and oxygen through the action of platinum-carbon catalyst in a clean and carbon-free way, and the only product is water.
It is learned that it offers power autonomy of 2 hours, about four times that of the lithium battery drone. The life of hydrogen fuel cell is more than 2000 hours,about 20 times that of the lithium battery.The battery of hydrogen fuel cell contains no heavy metal pollutants, whose materials can be recycled after destruction. It is tested that the “Qingting”drone fails to burn or explode when it falls out of control,which performs better in safety.
The success of the initial inspection of the“Qingting”drone has filled the gap of the application of hydrogen fuel in the electric power drone. Next, the company will expand the multi-directional application of hydrogen drones in inspection for power grid by carrying different functional equipment to make breakthroughs in the technical barriers. Moreover, under the national policy of actively promoting the application of clean energy, accelerating the development of hydrogen fuel cells in the field of unmanned aviation vehicles(UAVs)is of significance.
7．What can we learn about the traditional drone?
A．It is powered by hydrogen.
B．It can work for a long time.
C．It may burn if failing to control.
D．It can ensure the safety of power grid.
8．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about?
A．How “Qingting” works.
B．Why “Qingting”is safe.
C．What advantages“Qingting”has.
D．What effects“Qingting”has on the environment.
9．Which statement about hydrogen-powered drone is NOT correct?
A．The battery it uses is recyclable.
B．It has been used to examine power grid.
C．It can change hydrogen directly into electricity.
D．It can prevent the hydrogen battery from explosion.
10．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Hydrogen fuel has been applied into other fields.
B．Hydrogen fuel has a bright future in many fields.
C．Hydrogen drone is widely used in the field of UAVs.
D．Hydrogen drone has taken along limited functional equipment.

（2023届北京市门头沟区高三综合练习（一）英语试卷）Many industries are facing a shortage of labour. Warehousing has grown rapidly. And robots are now indispensable,picking items off shelves and helping people pack an exponentially rising numbers of boxes. They are even beginning to walk slowly along some pavements, delivering goods or food right to people’s doors. Having more robots to boost productivity would be a good thing.
And yet many people fear that robots will destroy jobs. A paper in 2013 by economists at Oxford University was widely misinterpreted as meaning that 47% of American jobs were at risk of being automated.
In fact,concerns about mass unemployment because of robots are overblown. The evidence suggests robots will be ultimately beneficial for labour markets. A Yale University study found that an increase of one robot unit per 1,000 workers boosted a company’s employment in Japan. Research from the Bank of Korea found that notarization moved jobs away from manufacturing into other sectors, but that there was no decrease in overall vacancies(空缺).Another study，by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and colleagues elsewhere, looked at Finnish firms and concluded that their use of advanced technologies led to increases in hiring.
For all that, the march of the robots will bring big changes to workplaces. The skills and firms that are rewarded will shift,too.But that need not be the disaster many fear. One supposed example of “bad automation” is self-service checkouts in supermarkets because they displace human workers. Checkout staff who retrain to help customers pick items from aisles may well find that dealing with people in need is more rewarding than spending all day scanning barcodes.
Certainly, some people will be on the losing end of change even as the robots make society as a whole better off. One lesson from the freewheeling globalization of the 1990s and 2000s is that the growth in trade that was overwhelmingly beneficial triggered a political backlash(强烈抵制)because the losers felt left behind. That is one more reason why firms and governments would do well to recognize the value of retraining and lifelong learning. As jobs change, workers should be helped to acquire new skills, including how to work with and manage the robots that will increasingly be their colleagues.
The potential gains from the robot revolution have just started. It won’t be the plot in some films where the robots fight against their human masters and cause mass unemployment.
11．What does the underlined word “indispensable”mean in Paragraph 1?
A．Essential. B．Spare. C．Detective. D．Complicated.
12．Why does the author mention the example of“bad automation”in Paragraph 4?
A．To prove that robots will not be a disaster.
B．To remind us of the big changes at workplaces.
C．To illustrate checkout staff will scan barcodes slowly.
D．To tell firms the value of retraining and lifelong learning.
13．According to the author,what will happen because of notarization?
A．It will push losers to leave behind.
B．Robots may lead to mass unemployment.
C．People will help robots to gain new skills.
D．Robots and people may become co-workers.
14．The author may agree that___.
A．jobs will be at risk due to robots
B．no evidence shows that robots will destroy jobs
C．notarization will quickly boost mass employment
D．people have benefited a lot from the robot revolution

（2023届北京市平谷区高三一模英语试卷）Enjoy the family-friendly adventure at Dino Park in Myrtle Beach! This exciting museum gives guests the chance to come face-to-face with life-sized dinos! These beasts have a vast history that will spark imagination and allow visitors of all ages to enjoy educational fun.
During your self-guided adventure through Dino Park, you will be treated to up-close views at dazzling animatronics(电子动画) of your favorite scaly dinosaurs. There are more than 20 life-sized dinosaurs to discover. Along the way, you will be able to learn about some awesome dino facts and get your fill of prehistoric fun!
Additionally, visitors will be able to enjoy CGI footage that gives a glimpse into the lives of the dinos. It is the perfect way to learn all about the dinosaurs through interesting facts and hands-on activities. Throughout the museum are various facts about the dinosaurs displayed on informative and colorful posters.
Dino Park activities
Dino Explore Pit: The kids will have a blast diving into the Dino Explore Pit! This ball pit features 100,000 balls offering tons of room to bounce around. It is a fun attraction for all ages to enjoy.
Dig a Dino Fossil: Become a real-life archaeologist as you put your digging skills to the test! Look out for some awesome fossils as you search for the next greatest dinosaur discovery.
Ride a Tyrannosaurus: This fun animatronic ride is perfect for kids who want to experience some thrilling fun! Climb aboard for an action-packed ride that you won’t soon forget.
Play Area: Kids will enjoy burning off some extra energy at the playground area. The playground features dino-themed puzzle floors, bright pictures on the walls, and play equipment featuring a slide and dinosaurs they can climb on.
So, whether you are a longtime dinosaur lover or want to bring the kids to see some moving dino park exhibits, you are sure to have a great time here!
15．At Dino Park, visitors ________.
A．can feel the joy of prehistoric times
B．will be taught animatronics face to face
C．will be able to find the perfect way to see CGI film
D．can participate in hands-on poster making activities
16．Which of the following will remain fresh in the minds of kids?
A．Dino Explore Pit. B．Dig a Dino Fossil.
C．Ride a Tyrannosaurus. D．Play Area.
17．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To introduce a variety of life-sized dinosaurs.
B．To recommend a museum with educational fun.
C．To compare the different activities at the Dino Park.
D．To provide archaeologists with some clues about dinosaurs.

（2023届北京市平谷区高三一模英语试卷）Andrea Speranza wanted to be a firefighter long before she had the right word for her wish. After one childhood adventure at a construction site ended with an iron nail embedded (嵌入) in her leg and an emergency call to the fire department, she found herself in awe. “As they gave me the medical treatment, I thought, they could help everybody and do anything,” says the now 52-year-old.
In 2000, Speranza fulfilled her dream of becoming a firefighter. Her job was exactly as fulfilling as she imagined it would be, except for one thing; she still hadn’t seen another woman in her role—not in a magazine, not on television, not in real life. Speranza decided to help young women see that they, too, could have a career like hers.
The result is Camp Courage, an immersive (沉浸式的) program for girls aged 15 to 19 who want to learn more about firefighting, paramedicine and police work. In 2006, Speranza welcomed the first 17 participants. Over the course, the girls discover the ins and outs of being first responders: learning how to put out fires, delivering first aid and so on.
Camp Courage now nuns one session every year and is free to attend. To offset (抵消) costs, Speranza fundraises by holding everything from car washes to comedy nights. Campers must submit an essay describing how they plan to help their community, or a specific individual in need. And they have to deliver on the plan—from building a bench for a senior at a bus stop to launching a local chapter of the Kids Help Phone.
While Camp Courage is designed to help more women become first responders, Speranza also has another, bigger objective in mind: building leaders. “If they can deliver a mechanical baby or climb a hundred-foot ladder, they’re not going to have a problem going through a job interview,” says Speranza. “It’s a complete change in mindset, and it works.”
Now hundreds of girls have passed through Camp Courage and some of them work as first responders now. Speranza feels a sense of achievement. The opportunity to recruit other girls to save lives alongside her keeps her going. It’s not even measurable.
18．What inspired Speranza to become a firefighter?
A．Her dream now. B．A childhood accident.
C．The lack of female firefighters. D．A firefighter’s encouragement.
19．Why did Speranza decide to start Camp Courage?
A．To train the girls to take the first aid course.
B．To complete an immersive program about firefighting.
C．To assist more females to take up some jobs like hers.
D．To motivate more females to stand on their own feet in the future.
20．What do campers have to do to pass through Camp Courage?
A．Raise money to pay off the cost.
B．Submit an essay and deliver a speech.
C．Build a bench for the disabled at a bus stop.
D．Hand in a plan and then put it into action.
21．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Ups and downs make one strong.
B．Every noble work is at first impossible.
C．Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.
D．Joint effort is the key to solving problems.

（2023届北京市平谷区高三一模英语试卷）Ask a smart home device for the weather forecast and it takes several seconds for the device to respond. This latency (延时) occurs as connected devices don’t have enough memory or power to store and run the enormous machine-learning models needed for the device to understand what a user is asking of it. The model is stored in a data center that may be hundreds of miles away, where the answer is computed and sent to the device.
MIT researchers have created a new method for computing directly on these devices, which drastically reduces this latency. Their technique shifts the steps of running a machine-learning model to a central server where components of the model are encoded onto light waves. The waves are sent to a connected device using fiber optics (纤维光学), which enables tons of data to be sent lightning-fast through a network. The receiver then employs a simple optical device that rapidly performs computations using the parts of a model carried by those light waves.
This technique leads to more than a hundredfold improvement in energy efficiency when compared to other methods. It could also improve security, since a user’s data do not need to be transferred to a central location for computation. This method could enable a self-driving car to make decisions in real-time while using just a tiny percentage of the energy currently required by power-hungry computers. It could also allow a user to have a latency-free conversation with their smart home device, be used for live video processing, or even enable high-speed image classification on a spacecraft millions of miles from Earth.
“Every time you want to run a neural network, you have to run the program, and how fast you can run the program depends on how fast you can pipe the program in from memory. Our pipe is massive — it corresponds to sending a full feature-length movie over the internet every millisecond or so. That is how fast data comes into our system. And it can compute as fast as that,” says professor Dirk England.
The neural network architecture involves storing weights in a central server that is connected to a novel piece of hardware called a smart transceiver. This smart transceiver, a thumb-sized chip(芯片), can receive and send data. Moving forward, the researchers want to update the smart transceiver chip to achieve even better performance.
22．What’s the paragraph 1 mainly about?
A．The cause of the latency.
B．The effect of the latency.
C．The advanced smart device.
D．The models stored in a data center.
23．How does this new method reduce latency?
A．By improving the parts of a model.
B．By using optics to speed up computations.
C．By computing directly in remote data centers.
D．By inventing a new machine-learning model.
24．The author mentions a self-driving car to ________.
A．introduce the impact of the latency
B．explain how data is quickly computed in this system
C．demonstrate the technique’s energy saving and safety
D．highlight the user’s satisfaction with modern technology
25．What can we infer from this passage?
A．The new technique will be further improved.
B．Optics needs to be developed and used urgently.
C．The new computing architecture is very perfect.
D．The technique was developed to send movies over the internet.

（2023届北京市平谷区高三一模英语试卷）The coronavirus pandemic has created an environment for research on social connection. One of the most common areas of inquiry over the past couple of years was how our sudden mass shift to digital communication — away from face-to-face — affected overall social connectedness. Researchers studied nearly 3,000 adults during the pandemic’s early months and found that email, social media, online gaming, and texting were not fungible for in-person interactions. Voice and video calls, were somewhat better.
Social connectedness is a key to happiness. Lower it, and you will be worse off — and so will your loved ones, especially your kids. One 2014 survey revealed that 62 percent of U.S. children thought their parents were too distracted to listen to them. The No. 1 reason was parents’ phone use.
It is clear that scrolling or surfing will reduce social connection: You do them instead of interacting. Virtual communications such as texting are by design interactive and should theoretically be less harmful. However, text messages can’t convey emotion very well, because we can’t hear or see our conversational partners. These technologies are to in-person interactions what a black-and-white, pixelated (像素化的) version of the Mona Lisa is to the real thing; identifiable, but incapable of producing the same emotional effects.
With communications on line, we tend to hop from person to person and thus swap depth for breadth. However, research has shown that deeper conversations bring more well-being than short communications. Meanwhile, in a recent study, teens who texted more often than their peers tended to experience more depression, more anxiety and poorer relationships with their fathers.
It might seem strange that we would voluntarily adopt technologies that hurt our happiness. One of the explanations is convenience. Vegetating (无所事事) in front of a screen is simply easier than talking with a person, and virtual communications such as texting are faster and easier than a visit or a phone call. Think of these technologies as grab-and-go food at a convenience store: It’s not great, but it sure is easy — and after you eat enough microwave foods, you forget what the real thing tastes like.
In all, for most of us — especially people who grew up with it — the internet is an unquestioned part of the ecosystem of life. Quitting the virtual communications from our life is clearly not the answer. Since we’re not going back to life before this kind of technology, we can and should use it mindfully in service of love.
26．What does the underlined word “fungible” most probably mean?
A．Responsible. B．Changeable. C．Reliable. D．Replaceable.
27．As for virtual communications, the author is ________.
A．disapproving B．doubtful C．supportive D．cautious
28．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Virtual Communication Does Little Harm to People
B．Technology Can Make Your Relationships Shallower
C．Quitting Virtual Communication Is Just around the Corner
D．Technology Creates a Good Environment for Deeper Conversations

（2023届北京市房山区高三一模英语试卷）To help new students, the International Business Institute (IBI) plans to set up a buddy (伙伴) peer support project. The project will help new students meet current students at IBI who can provide them with some friendly company during their first months in Newcastle and help them with any small problems that they may have.
What’s in it for you?
We believe that being a buddy will be rewarding in several ways. As a volunteer, it will be personally satisfying to know that you are able to help new students. It will also help you make contacts that may be valuable in your future academic and professional lives. If you are an overseas student, it will give you another opportunity to practise speaking English.
Responsibilities of buddies
·Telephone and arrange to make contact with the new student.
·Meet the student and show him/her around the campus and the local area. Answer questions about living in Newcastle and administration procedures at IBI.
·Arrange to meet the new student one morning or afternoon one weekend early in the semester, and take the student to places that you enjoy in Newcastle.
·Be prepared to take phone calls from the new student to answer further questions that he/she may have from time to time. Meet to explain information to the new student in person, if required.
·You will be matched to an individual new student. However, if you have friends who are also buddies, you might prefer to form a support group together. This would mean that you meet the new students as a group rather than one-on-one.
·Being a buddy is voluntary. There is no “requirement” to provide assistance beyond the help outlined above.
Please note that if you agree to become a peer support buddy, you will be expected to fulfil your role conscientiously and cheerfully. It will be important to be considerate and reliable so that the student can feel confident in your support.
29．According to the passage, what benefit can you get from being a buddy?
A．You can learn how to be a confident person.
B．It is easy for you to find some friendly company.
C．You can be rewarded with both money and prizes.
D．It may be helpful for your future studies and career.
30．As a buddy, you need to ________.
A．form a support group with other volunteers at IBI
B．provide assistance in studying each subject after class
C．meet the new student every morning early in the semester
D．help the new student get familiar with his or her surroundings
31．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To introduce campus life for new students.
B．To attract potential volunteers to be peer supporters.
C．To offer an opportunity to practise speaking English.
D．To provide some information about studying overseas.

（2023届北京市房山区高三一模英语试卷）Born with severe hearing loss, Li has found her way to communicate with the world—through painting.
Before learning to paint, Li always felt lonely in a silent world. She knew she was different from her peers because she could not hear. But a painting class in primary school opened for her a door to creativity and a way of expression.
“I still remember my first mural, which was to help a kindergarten to design and paint its wall,” Li says. “The project made me realize how happy I was immersing myself into painting.”
To pursue her passion for art, Li went to study advertising design at a vocational and technical school. “Painting brushes can help me create a colorful world in my imagination, telling my thoughts on paper, instead of through voices,” Li said.
Graduating from college in 2005, Li got a job as a typist at a public institute. But she could not communicate well with her other colleagues. Her husband understood how she felt because he lost his hearing due to medication when he was 1 year old. He is also an art lover. In March 2016, under her husband’s suggestion, Li quit her job and joined her husband’s company, which specializes in 3D wall and ground paintings.
Wall painting is a demanding job because it requires people to work outdoors, whether in extremely cold or hot weather. As all the people are hearing-impaired in their company, communication with clients is the most common challenge that the team faces.
Now in many parks and scenic spots, the couple have created large-scale murals and interactive pavement painting that make onlookers a part of the drawings.
“My husband and I want to introduce painting to more people like us and help them find their own way to make a living,” Li says. Now Li has an apprentice who just graduated from college. While coaching the newcomer, Li is exploring her own style and hopes to become an illustrator and open her own exhibition one day.
“They’re energetic young people with a passion to create new things, and you can feel that in their paintings,” one of their clients said. “They’re also a professional, dedicated team, often working late into the night on the designs for us.”
Li hopes that their stories can encourage more hearing-impaired people to build their own careers and achieve their goals, regardless of how tough it may be.
32．According to the passage, the painting class in primary school ________.
A．started Li’s first advertising design
B．helped Li find a new way to express herself
C．made Li learn about 3D wall and ground paintings
D．turned Li’s dream of opening an exhibition into reality
33．What can we know from this passage?
A．Li can communicate with her clients easily.
B．Li lost her hearing when she was I year old.
C．Li and her husband have created many wonderful paintings.
D．Li and her husband hope to become illustrators in the future.
34．To help people with hearing loss, what does Li intend to do?
A．Donate money to them. B．Design painting gifts for them.
C．Inspire them to create their own careers. D．Support them to complete college education.
35．What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．One is never too old to learn. B．Failure is the mother of success.
C．Accepting what you have makes you happy. D．Nothing is impossible to the man who will try.

（2023届北京市房山区高三一模英语试卷）Vast underwater meadows (草甸) of gently waving sea grass cover hundreds of miles up and down the West Coast. These blue-green fields perform a variety of important services. They protect the shoreline from erosion, clear pollutants from the water and provide habitats for all kinds of marine animals.
New research suggests sea grass meadows may also mitigate a serious consequence of greenhouse gas emissions: the steady acidification of ocean waters. The study published in the journal Global Change Biology finds that sea grass forests can raise pH levels in coastal waters. As they perform photosynthesis (光合作用), they remove carbon dioxide from the water, counteracting the acidifying effect of the gas.
“I think we are all very excited about it,” said lead study author Aurora Ricart, a scientist at the Bigelow Laboratory for Marine Sciences.
Ocean acidification is a side effect of rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Some of this CO2 dissolves out of the air and into the sea, causing a chemical reaction that lowers the water’s pH. Scientists sometimes refer to it as global warming’s “evil twin”—an invisible companion to climate change.
Ocean acidification can have harmful effects on marine organisms like shellfish and coral by preventing them from properly forming the hard shells they need to survive. It’s a threat both to natural ecosystems and to shellfish fisheries around the world. The study presents a natural way to address the problem.
Researchers analyzed six years of data from sea grass meadows spanning more than 600 miles off the California coastline. It focused on the common eelgrass, one of the most widespread sea grass species on the West Coast. The authors claim it’s the largest, most comprehensive study of its kind.
According to the study, sea grass ecosystems can raise pH levels by more than 0.1 unit, equivalent to about a 30% decrease in acidity. The effect isn’t constant. It comes in waves and is influenced by temperature, daylight, ocean currents and other factors that affect water chemistry and sea grass photosynthesis rates. But the tempering influence on acidification can be lasting, sometimes persisting for up to three weeks at a time. The study also shows that pH is higher in sea grass ecosystems, compared to nearby areas with no sea grass, about 65% of the time.
The study didn’t investigate the effects of higher pH on marine organisms — that’s a question for future research. But there’s reason to believe these meadows may have a positive influence on shellfish and other ocean animals.
36．What can we learn from this passage?
A．Sea grass forests can lower pH levels of coastal waters.
B．Shellfish and corals are not affected by ocean acidification.
C．Sea grass meadows can help remove pollutants from the sea water.
D．The effects of higher pH on marine organisms were investigated in this study.
37．What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Relieve. B．Present. C．Cause. D．Predict.
38．Paragraph 7 tells us the research ________.
A．findings B．process C．questions D．reflection
39．Why does the author write this passage?
A．To illustrate the serious situation of climate change.
B．To present the living conditions of the underwater meadows.
C．To emphasize the importance of research on marine pollution.
D．To introduce a natural way to solve the problem of ocean acidification.

（2023届北京市房山区高三一模英语试卷）When special occasions such as birthdays or other big holiday events come around, parents often look for that special toy for their children. But there is a growing understanding that gifts of time and bonding, such as vacations and other experiences, make better and more lasting gifts for children.
Experts agree that gifting children with memorable trips and fun experiences is better for their body and mind, and has corresponding positive impacts on the rest of the family!
In a 2017 study that surveyed about 500 women between 18 and 93 years old, Dr. Oravecz, a human development and family studies professor at Pennsylvania State University, asked, “Most people feel loved when...” The study showed that the most popular answers had nothing to do with any material item. Dr. Oravecz said, “Our research found that micro-moments of positivity, like a kind word, a hug with a child or a sympathetic expression, make people feel most loved.”
Clinical psychologist Oliver James agrees. He stated that as opposed to toys, details from a trip are more likely to “stick with them for long after the vacation ends.” When families interact in a stress-free environment, this creates warm, generous feelings towards one another, which are likely to be remembered with fondness. Vacations create strong emotional responses that don’t often come with material possessions.
In addition, British child psychologist Dr. Margot Sunderland believes that vacations make children smarter. “What is less widely known is that vacations can also advance brain development in children. This is because on a family vacation, you are exercising two genetically ingrained systems deep in the brain’s limbic (边缘的) area, which can all too easily be ‘unexercised’ in the home.” Citing the work of neuroscientist Jaak Panksepp, Dr. Sunderland said, “These are the PLAY system and the SEEKING system.” “The brain’s PLAY system is exercised every time you bury your child’s feet in the sand or take them for a ride on your back. The SEEKING system is exercised each time you go exploring together: the beach, a cave, a hidden village...” She continued, “So when you take your child on a vacation, you are supporting their explorative urge (SEEKING system)—a vital resource for living life well, and their capacity to play (PLAY system). In adulthood, this translates into the ability to play with ideas—essential, for example, to the successful entrepreneur(企业家).”
In a busy household, perhaps the fun of having the latest toy may not last, but the space it occupies in the house could be there and gather dust. So for the next round of gift-giving with the children, consider an experiential gift instead. The return is definitely priceless.
40．From Dr. Oravecz’s study, we know that ________.
A．hearing kind words can make a person feel most loved
B．a special toy for a birthday is more lasting for children
C．women at the age of 18 and 93 years old feel more loved
D．the feeling of being loved is closely related to material gifts
41．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The capacity to play can translate into the ability to seek.
B．The SEEKING system can develop when adventuring in the wild.
C．PLAY and SEEKING systems are more easily exercised at home.
D．Burying your child’s feet in the mud is exercising the SEEKING system.
42．According to the passage, the author may agree that ________.
A．material gifts are better for a child’s body and mind
B．children spending vacations with their parents are more generous
C．trips with family can form better emotional interactions than material gifts
D．vacations with employees are a waste of time for a successful entrepreneur

（2023届北京市东城区高三一模英语试卷）Every year, young, talented, and ambitious nature conservationists from all over the world shoot their shot for the Future For Nature (FFN) Award, an honorable international award.
The Future For Nature aims to:
·Reward and fund individuals for their outstanding efforts in the protection of species of wild animals and plants.
·Stimulate award winners to sustain their dedicated work.
·Help winners to raise their profile, extend their professional network and strengthen their funding basis.
Benefits
·The winners each receive 50,000 euros and may make their own decision to spend the money in the service of nature conservation.
·FFN offers the winners a platform and brings their stories to the attention of conservationists, financiers and a wide audience, allowing them to increase their impact and gain more access to funds.
·FFN is building a growing family of winners, dedicated people who form a community of people with the same interest. FFN offers them the opportunity to meet each other and continue to learn with each other in order to continue their fight for nature as efficiently and effectively as possible.
Qualifications
The candidate：
·Must be born on or after the 31st May 1988 and before the 31st May 2005.
·Is able to explain his/her conservation work in fluent English (written and spoken).
·Has achieved substantial and long-term benefits to the conservation status of one or more animal or plant species.
·Must be determined to continue his/her conservation work, as the award aims to stimulate the winner’s future work. It is not an “end of career” prize.
Additional Remarks
For the 2023 Future For Nature Award, we are again searching for natural leaders, who have proven that they can make a difference in species’ survival.
From all applications, 6 to 10 nominees (被提名者) will be selected. These applicants will be asked to provide additional information, which will be used to select the final awardees. Ultimately, three inspiring wildlife heroes are selected as the winners.
Application Process: Apply online through the Apply Now link.
Application Deadline: May 1st, 2023.
43．Which is one of the aims of the Future For Nature?
A．To aid more green groups. B．To fund academic education.
C．To inspire conservation efforts. D．To raise environmental awareness.
44．The winners will get the chance to ________.
A．consult top specialists B．meet like-minded people
C．benefit the local community D．promote self-created platforms
45．To apply for the 2023 Future For Nature Award, candidates must ________.
A．meet the age requirement B．apply via mail by the deadline
C．turn in the application in English D．provide additional personal information

（2023届北京市东城区高三一模英语试卷）The sign on the librarian’s desk read: “Readers Wanted for Project Read Aloud.” Sherene stared at it as the librarian stamped the book that she had selected for her weekly reading fare with a return by date.
“What is Project Read Aloud?” Sherene asked.
“Here’s the brochure about it. There’s a form inside to fill out if you want to become a reader. There is no pay, by the way,” the librarian said with a smile.
Sherene walked home. She loved living within walking distance of her town’s public library. She loved to sit in one of the overstuffed reading chairs in the reading room with the smell of books all around her and lose herself in a book. She had moved away after high school and had recently moved back. The library and fond memories of her childhood had drawn her back to this small town.
Once home, she sat down to read the brochure, which said, “Project Read Aloud seeks to provide the opportunity of hearing stories read aloud in a comfortable setting.” That is a fine goal, she thought.
Sherene filled out the form. She loved reading aloud. When she was a child, she read aloud to her teddy bear. Later, when she grew up and became a teacher, she read aloud to her students many times throughout the day. Since her retirement, she read aloud only to herself and Boots, her cat. It would feel so good to have a human audience once again to share stories with.
A couple of days later, Sherene sat in the now empty small theatre in the library, preparing the first story she was going to read. Soon, the audience began to wander in and find their seats. The theatre was half full in half an hour. Sherene stepped to the edge of the stage and introduced herself. She explained the origin of the story, opened the book and began to read. She wove the tale masterfully creating voices for the characters, pausing for emphasis, and taking the listeners into another world.
When Sherene read the last words of the story, there was a momentary silence as it all sank into the listeners and then a burst of enthusiastic applause. At that moment, understanding did grow in the town through the sharing of stories.
46．What can we learn about Sherene?
A．She used to be a teacher. B．She lived far from the library.
C．She liked hearing stories read aloud. D．She was involved in many social activities.
47．Why did Sherene join in Project Read Aloud?
A．She wanted to make new friends. B．The project’s goal suited her interest.
C．The project brought her extra income. D．She needed to improve her reading ability.
48．Which of the following words can best describe Sherene’s first performance?
A．Meaningful and humorous. B．Novel and amusing.
C．Impressive and conventional. D．Vivid and absorbing.

（2023届北京市东城区高三一模英语试卷）Many people have participated into lots of virtual meetings these years. Some research shows this adjustment might not impact workplace productivity to any great degree. A new study, though, suggests otherwise.
In the study, 602 participants were randomly paired and asked to come up with creative uses for a product. They were also randomly selected to work together either in person or virtually. The pairs were then ranked by assessing their total number of ideas, as well as those concepts’ degree of novelty, and asked to submit their best idea. Among the groups, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, suggesting that something about face-to-face interaction generates more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers’ resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office.
“We ran this experiment based on feedback from companies that it was harder to innovate with remote workers,” said lead researcher Melanie Brucks. “Unlike other forms of virtual communication, like phone calls or e-mail, videoconferencing copies the in-person experience quite well, so I was surprised when we found meaningful differences between in-person and video interaction for idea generation. ”
When random objects were placed in both the virtual and physical rooms, the virtual pairs of participants spent more time looking directly at each other rather than letting their look wander about the room and taking in the entire scene. Eyeing one’s whole environment and noticing the random objects were associated with increased idea generation. On platforms, the screen occupies our interactions. Our look wavers less. “Looking away might come across as rude, ” said Brucks,“so we have to look at the screen because that is the defined context of the interaction, the same way we wouldn’t walk to another room while talking to someone in person. ”
Like most educators, Brucks has primarily taught virtually in the past three years, and she did notice some benefits of the approach as well. Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often, rid of the anxiety that comes from addressing a large classroom. Brucks found that one solution to improving virtual idea generation might be to simply turn off the camera, for her students felt “freer” and more creative when asked to do so. And this may be sound advice for the workplace.
Virtual teamwork can’t replace face-to-face teamwork. Idea selection proficiency (能力) is only valuable if you have strong options to select from, and face-to-face teams are the best means to generate winning options. Perhaps the workplace will find a compromise—a sweet spot in the middle that balances working from both home and office.
49．What does the underlined word “stiffen” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A．Shake. B．Revise. C．Challenge. D．Strengthen.
50．At first, lead researcher Melanie Brucks might think that ________.
A．videoconferencing can’t compare with in-person communication
B．participants should make eye contact in an online meeting
C．the feedback from companies seems questionable
D．creative ideas may emerge from casual thoughts
51．What can we learn about Brucks’ class?
A．Her students relieved anxiety by speaking up. B．Her students progressed in focusing attention.
C．Her students took advantage of virtual learning. D．Her students displayed talent for public speaking.
52．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Interacting Virtually Impacts Working Participation B．Maintaining Teamwork Improves Idea Generation
C．Grouping Randomly Increases Productivity D．Brainstorming Online Limits Creativity

（2023届北京市东城区高三一模英语试卷）Arguably, the biggest science development of the year to date has been the images of the very depths of the universe taken by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Those images beg a comparison between the external and internal universes that science is bent on observing and understanding.
Decades ago, astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said, “The universe is also within is. We’re made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself. ” He was commenting then on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space.
There are many similarities between the progress we’ve made in understanding the universe and in piecing together life’s inner workings. Like the technological developments that took us from Galileo’s telescope to the Hubble to the JWST, life science tools have also improved rapidly. From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones, these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biology’s infinitesimal (无限小的) landscape. Learning that living things were composed of cells was, not a terribly long time ago, a revolutionary observation. Since then, scientists have been able to dive ever deeper into the components of life.
Going beyond merely observing the complicated makeup of organisms, life scientists can now discover the workings of molecules (分子). And that is where scanning the universe differs from peering into biology. Understanding the universe, especially from a functional standpoint, is not necessarily an immediate urgency. Understanding biology on that level is. Simply observing the amazing internal structure of cells is not enough. Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges. Being able to image a virus or bacterium is nice at the level of basic science. But knowing how viruses gain entry into cells and spread, infect, and disable can literally save lives. Through time, biology has risen to this mechanistic challenge. Not only can life science tools produce images of cell components, even more importantly, they can help predict the effects of drugs on receptors, of immune cells on foreign invaders (入侵者), and of genetic perturbations (基因干扰) on development and aging.
This is not to belittle the work of scientists researching into universe. They should rightly be praised for delivering views of impossibly distant, impossibly massive phenomena. My aim is to celebrate these accomplishments while at the same time recognizing that science’s inward search for detail and insight is equally impressive and, in my view, more urgent. The output of both the outward and inward explorations should stimulate wonder in everyone. After all, it’s all star-stuff.
53．Why does the author quote Carl Sagan’s comment in Paragraph 2?
A．To introduce the background. B．To prove an assumption.
C．To make a comparison. D．To present an idea.
54．Like the study of the universe, life science has been advancing in ________.
A．study approaches B．system management
C．research facilities D．technology integration
55．We can infer from Paragraph 4 that biologists’ work is ________.
A．practical B．risky C．flexible D．popular
56．As for life science, which would the author agree with?
A．It has received universal recognition. B．It should enjoy priority in development.
C．It can be applied in the majority of areas. D．It is more complicated than space science.

（2023届北京市西城区高三一模英语试卷）Dear Teachers and Parents,
This June, during Financial Literacy Month, we have some to share.
In 2015, a free online financial education course named FutureSmart was introduced to middle school students, specifically targeting this group at a time in their lives when financial habits take hold and grow.
Fast forward to today, FutureSmart, available in English and Spanish, has reached over 13,000 schools across all 50 states. More than two million students have completed the course, with almost half coming from low-to-moderate income families.
But we aren’t stopping there. We promise to reach four million more students by the end of 2025.
Why? Because this moment calls for brave action. Never before have money management and investment decisions been so easy to conduct at any time or place through the use of a smartphone. It is time to offer students more critical financial literacy education to encourage them to make good financial decisions on a daily basis as they make their way through a complex world.
From weighing opportunity costs to delaying instant satisfaction for long-term financial gain, FutureSmart educates our youth using hands-on simulations (模拟) to introduce concepts like daily financial decisions and the rewards of long-term planning. Teaching young learners how to build solid financial foundations is an important step in building financially healthy communities.
Although our work is far from complete, we know that FutureSmart works. And it works exceptionally well.
In the largest study of its kind, supported by the MassMutual Foundation and EVERFI, the University of Massachusetts Donahue Institute (UMDI) recently concluded that 90% of students saw a statistically significant and educationally meaningful increase in knowledge after taking the FutureSmart course.
What’s more, these results were consistent across all student demographics including race, age, gender, school year, and socioeconomic status.
We have a long way to go to reach every single middle school student, but we welcome the challenge. Together, our teams have started a movement to provide equal access to financial education, and we invite others to join us.
Visit getfuturesmart. com to learn more and see how you can bring FutureSmart to the young people in your life.
MICHAEL FANNING           RAY MARTINEZ
Head of MassMutual US         President and Co-Founder of EVERFI
57．The course FutureSmart .
A．is offered in two different languages
B．requires skillful smartphone operation
C．has been bought by a large number of schools
D．targets students from low-to-moderate income families
58．How does FutureSmart introduce financial concepts?
A．By establishing financially healthy communities.
B．By managing opportunities and rewards.
C．By simulating real-life situations.
D．By delaying financial gain.
59．After taking the course, the students should be able to .
A．improve their academic performance
B．accept financial challenges at any time
C．understand people from various backgrounds
D．build a stable financial foundation for the future

（2023届北京市西城区高三一模英语试卷）I was sitting in a chemistry lab class during my first year of university, nervous about the experiment we were to perform. I grabbed a pipette and, as I feared, my hand started to shake. The experience was disheartening. I was hoping to pursue a career in science, but I started to wonder whether that would be possible. I thought my dreams had crashed to the ground.
I was a boy born with brain damage. My family managed to find good doctors where we lived, in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia, and I took part in clinical trials testing new treatments. Shortly after my first birthday, I started walking and it became clear my intelligence function was unaffected. So, in some sense, I was lucky. Still, I couldn’t do some things growing up. Both hands shook, especially when I was nervous or embarrassed. My left hand was much worse than my right, so I learned to write and do simple tasks with my right hand, but it wasn’t easy to do anything precisely.
As a teenager, I faced a lot of bullying at school. Feeling alone, I joined a study group called “The natural world”. I thought that getting into the world of animals would keep me away from people. That’s how I came into the field of biology. At university, I enjoyed the lectures in my science classes. Many lab tasks proved impossible, however. As I struggled with my mood, I read a book about depression. From then on, the physiology of mental disorders became my scientific passion. I looked into what was being done locally and was excited to discover a lab that did behavioral experiments in rats to study depression.
At the end of my second year, I approached the professor of the lab to see whether I could work with her. I was afraid to admit I couldn’t do some lab tasks. To my relief, she was completely supportive. She set me to work performing behavioral experiments for others in the lab with the help of colleagues. I loved the supportive atmosphere and stayed there to complete my master’s and Ph.D．
I’ve come to realize that my hands aren’t the barrier I thought they were. By making use of my abilities and working as part of a team, I’ve been able to follow my passions. I’ve also realized that there’s much more to being a scientist than performing the physical labor. I may not collect all the data in my papers, but I’m fully capable of designing experiments and interpreting results, which, to me, is the most exciting part of science.
60．What was the author’s dream?
A．To live a normal life. B．To become a scientist.
C．To get a master’s degree. D．To recover from depression.
61．The author said he was lucky in Paragraph 2 because .
A．he didn’t lose the function of both hands
B．he learned how to walk at the age of one
C．his family could afford to see good doctors
D．his brain damage didn’t affect his intellectual capacity
62．From the passage, it is clear that .
A．the author’s own depression inspired him to help others with mental disorders
B．the author was surrounded by a team who urged him to further his study
C．the author’s loneliness moved him towards the world of biology
D．the author finally finished the lab tasks on his own
63．What message does the author want to express?
A．Loving yourself makes a difference. B．Opportunity follows prepared people.
C．A bright future begins with a small dream. D．The sun somehow shines through the storm.

（2023届北京市西城区高三一模英语试卷）Imagine a simple blood test that could flag most kinds of cancers at the earliest, most curable stage. Liquid biopsies could, in theory, detect a tumor (肿瘤) well before it could be found by touch, symptoms or imaging. Blood tests could avoid the need for surgeons to cut tissue samples and make it possible to reveal cancer hiding in places needles and scalpels cannot safely reach. They could also determine what type of cancer is taking root to help doctors decide what treatment might work best to destroy it.
Liquid biopsies are not yet in hand, because it is hard to find definitive cancer signals in a tube of blood, but progress in recent years has been impressive. Last year the journal Science published the first big prospective study of a liquid biopsy for DNA and proteins from multiple types of cancers. Though far from perfect, the blood test called CancerSEEK found 26 tumors that had not been discovered with conventional screenings.
Liquid biopsies can rely on a variety of biomarkers in addition to tumor DNA and proteins, such as free-floating cancer cells themselves. But what makes the search difficult, Ana Robles, a cancer biologist of the National Cancer Institute, explains, is that “if you have an early-stage cancer or certain types of cancer, there might not be a lot of tumor DNA,” and tests might miss it. The ideal blood test will be both very specific and very sensitive so that even tiny tumors can be found. To tackle this challenge, CancerSEEK looks for cancer-specific mutations (突变) on 16 genes, and for eight proteins that are linked to cancer and for which there are highly sensitive tests.
Simple detection is not the only goal. An ideal liquid biopsy will also determine the likely location of the cancer so that it can be treated. “Mutations are often shared among different kinds of cancer, so if you find them in blood, you don’t know if that mutation is coming from a stomach cancer or lung cancer,” says Anirban Maitra, a cancer scientist at the Anderson Cancer Center. To solve that problem, some newer liquid biopsies look for changes in gene expression. Such changes, Maitra notes, are “more organ-specific”.
On the nearer horizon are liquid biopsies to help people already diagnosed with cancer. Last year the government approved the first two such tests, which scan for tumor DNA so doctors can select mutation-targeted drugs. Scientists are working on blood tests to detect the first signs of cancer recurrence (复发) in patients who have completed treatment. This work is moving fast, but does it save lives?
That is the question companies such as Thrive and Grail must answer for their broadly ambitious screening tests. “These companies have to prove that they can detect early cancer and, more important, that the early detection can have an impact on cancer survival,” Maitra observes.
64．According to the passage, liquid biopsies are expected to
A．flag cancer and determine the treatment
B．detect cancer signals from a sample of blood
C．take images of tumors and prevent potential cancers
D．show types of cancer by measuring the amount of proteins
65．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Signs of cancer recurrence are not detectable.
B．Different kinds of cancer have different gene mutations.
C．Biomarkers are much more reliable than tumor DNA and proteins.
D．Organ-specific cancers will be identified through changes in gene expression.
66．The author is mostly concerned about whether .
A．liquid biopsies can discover tumors conventional screenings can’t find
B．liquid biopsies can improve the application of mutation-targeted drugs
C．liquid biopsies can help save the lives of those with cancer
D．liquid biopsies can be developed for cancer prevention

（2023届北京市西城区高三一模英语试卷）Technology seems to discourage slow, immersive reading. Reading on a screen, particularly a phone screen, tires your eyes and makes it harder for you to keep your place. So online writing tends to be more skimmable and list-like than print. The cognitive neuroscientist Mary Walt argued recently that this “new norm” of skim reading is producing “an invisible, game-changing transformation” in how readers process words. The neuronal circuit that sustains the brain’s capacity to read now favors the rapid absorption of information, rather than skills developed by deeper reading, like critical analysis.
We shouldn’t overplay this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we acquire as children as we learn to read more skillfully. From about the age of nine, our eyes start to bounce around the page, reading only about a quarter of the words properly, and filling in the gaps by inference. Nor is there anything new in these fears about declining attention spans. So far, the anxieties have proved to be false alarms. “Quite a few critics have been worried about attention span lately and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline,” the American author Selvin Brown wrote. “No one ever said that poems were evidence of short attention spans.”
And yet the Internet has certainly changed the way we read. For a start, it means that there is more to read, because more people than ever are writing. If you time travelled just a few decades into the past, you would wonder at how little writing was happening outside a classroom. And digital writing is meant for rapid release and response. An online article starts forming a comment string underneath as soon as it is published. This mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun. But often it treats other people’s words as something to be quickly harvested as fodder to say something else. Everyone talks over the top of everyone else, desperate to be heard.
Perhaps we should slow down. Reading is constantly promoted as a social good and source of personal achievement. But this advocacy often emphasizes “enthusiastic”, “passionate” or “eager” reading, none of which adjectives suggest slow, quiet absorption.
To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in the words and their slow comprehension of a line of thought. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he has done and just enjoys how his body feels and moves in water.
The human need for this kind of deep reading is too tenacious for any new technology to destroy. We often assume that technological change can’t be stopped and happens in one direction, so that older media like “dead-tree” books are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle has not killed off the printed book any more than the car killed off the bicycle. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.
67．What is the author’s attitude towards Selvin Brown’s opinion?
A．Favorable. B．Critical. C．Doubtful. D．Objective.
68．The author would probably agree that .
A．advocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow reading
B．digital writing leads to too much speaking and not enough reflection
C．the public should be aware of the impact skimming has on neuronal circuits
D．the number of Internet readers is declining due to the advances of technology
69．What does the underlined word “tenacious” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?
A．Comprehensive. B．Complicated. C．Determined. D．Apparent.
70．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Slow Reading Is Here to Stay
B．Digital Technology Prevents Slow Reading
C．Screen vs. Print: Which Requires Deep Reading?
D．Reading Is Not a Race: The Wonder of Deep Reading

（2023届北京市朝阳区高三下学期一模英语试题）The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) Youth Forum is an annual initiative of the President of the Council. It has developed into a key platform where young people can contribute to policy discussions at the United Nations (UN). This year’s Youth Forum will take place from 25 to 27 April, 2023.
·Objectives
The Forum aims to engage young people in a dialogue with Member States, policymakers and other actors to voice their views and inspire actions on how to transform the world into a better place guided by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Participants will also have the opportunity to contribute to the preparatory process of the SDG Summit.
The 2023 Forum will address the theme on speeding up the recovery from the COVID-19 and the full implementation (实施) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It will also review progress in the areas of affordable and clean energy, and sustainable cities and communities, ete.
· Format
The three-day event will feature plenary (全体出席的) sessions and regionally based discussions, with the last day designed for the preparation of the 2023 SDG Summit. Talented youth speakers will deliver short presentations in between sessions.
Participation in the Forum is by invitation only. The youth participants are selected by National Youth Councils, regional youth organizations, etc.
The event will be held in a mixed way allowing for opportunities for in-person and virtual participation. Participants will also be able to ask questions via social media.
· The voices from last year’s participants
2022 Forum Participants Takeaway!“The Youth Forum gave me the opportunity to discover the skills required to master public speaking. The time management is challenging but we finished all tasks even with a tight schedule.”
2022 Forum Participants’ Advice!“Using sources the team provides will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of completing tasks. I also strongly advise them to be open to hearing everyone’s different opinions from an objective point of view.”

71．The ECOSOC Youth Forum 2023 will________.
A．discuss the global recovery issue
B．select the youth leaders for the UN
C．set goals for sustainable development
D．gather young people to build a platform
72．According to the passage, the young participants can ________.
A．register to join in the Forum personally
B．give brief speeches in plenary sessions
C．take part in the event online and offline
D．attend the SDG Summit after the Forum
73．What is the advice from 2022 participants?
A．To be willing to consider various voices.
B．To make time arrangements a top priority.
C．To master public speaking skills in advance.
D．To be efficient with the help of policymakers.

（2023届北京市朝阳区高三下学期一模英语试题）I was four when Dad first showed me how to skim stones, a game in which one throws smooth flat stones into a river to make them jump across the surface. I’d pass hours on beaches with my brother, picking up muddy stones and skimming them. It was satisfying making them dance on the surface. That perfect skim, where the stone glided (滑行), brought me fantastic feelings-and still does. I was a competitive child and good at throwing. I enjoyed javelin (标枪) and was on a baseball team, but skimming stones was just for fun.
In adulthood, things changed. In August 2017, an advertisement for the All England Open Stone Skimming Championships drew my attention. I signed up and paid £2 for three stones. I skimmed 28 metres and tried again and again, buying more stones to feed my desire, finally reaching 37 metres, which won me third place. I drove home excitedly, and £ 20 lighter.
I returned to the 2018 championship, hoping for a champion. Walking on to the small throwing platform in my trainers, I threw a decent 44 metres and won. I spotted someone wearing a competition sweater with “World” written across it. “Where’s that?” I asked and he told me about the annual World Stone Skimming Championships in Scotland.
It was a month away and a six-hour drive. I thought about the cost and distance for weeks until, the day before the contest, the feeling of winning made a decision for me. “I’m going. ”I arrived at a hotel at 10 pm, but couldn’t sleep for nerves and excitement. Early the next morning, I drove to the crossing where the competitors had begun waiting. Ropes and buoys (浮标) marked a 63-metre couarse. I had no idea if my best score was good enough to win. When my name was called at the prize-giving ceremony that afternoon, I was overjoyed. I was the women’s world champion.
I’m a big believer in giving things a go. I’m 42, and to become a world champion at this stage is pretty left-field. It showed me it was worth jumping in the car that day, and proof that a childhood spent throwing muddy stones from beaches wasn’t wasted.
74．What did the author enjoy about the stone skimming as a child?
A．The competitiveness of the sport.
B．The outstanding ability at throwing.
C．The satisfaction the glide of the stone brings.
D．The fun time she spent with her dad at the beach.
75．What mainly helped the author all the way through every championship?
A．Her discipline.
B．Her desire to win.
C．Her confidence.
D．Her efforts on training.
76．What can we conclude from the passage?
A．Take it easy in face of challenges.
B．Change the world by being yourself.
C．A bigger stage is ready for those who try.
D．Either I will find a way, or I will make one.

（2023届北京市朝阳区高三下学期一模英语试题）Clown fish live their adult lives in the protective arms of sea anemones, the small brightly colored sea animals attached onto rocks to house clown fish. Between birth and adulthood, however, the fish have to complete a treacherous journey. After hatching, they swim out to the open sea to finish developing. After maturing, the young fish swim back, during which they have to avoid a “wall of mouths” by sensing the unfriendly smells. With ocean acidification, a trend that is occurring worldwide, scientists began to wonder what might happen to fish’s sense of smell.
My team put 300 recently hatched clown fish in our lab. When we introduced a friendly fish odor (气味), they did not react. But when we introduced an enemy odor, they swam away. We then repeated the experiment with 300 new hatchlings from the same parents in the more acidic water-a level we can expect by the year 2100 if current trends continue. When we introduced friendly and unfriendly smells at the same time, the fish seemed unable to make up their minds, spending equal time swimming toward one smell and the other. They could sense chemical signals but couldn’t recognize the meaning of them.
It is always tricky to say that behaviors seen in a lab would also be seen in the wild. So we went to a sandy lake near one of the Great Barrier Reef’s northern islands to test how wild-caught damselfish would react to enemy smells after exposing them to acidic water. In a tank, about half of them held in water with acidity expected by 2050 were attracted to the unfriendly odor and half were not, yet not one held in water anticipated by 2100 avoided being attracted to the enemy odor. We then let the marked damselfish loose in the lake. The fish once held in the most acidic water swam farther away from their protective home. Can fish adapt? Most studies have habituated fish to lifted acidic conditions over a few days or months-an extremely short length of time. The animals are not given a realistic opportunity to adapt. Yet some scientists thought that fish might escape the anger of ocean acidification, in part because early research done in the 1980s showed that certain animals had an astonishing ability to regulate their internal chemistry to survive acidified water. But maintaining normal functions such as avoiding danger is a different challenge.
At a minimum, confusion could place yet another stressor on fish already challenged by rising water temperatures, overfishing, etc. Further, if many ocean creatures start to behave strangely, entire food webs and ecosystems could come crashing down. Although the science is still new, the results appear to be lining up: ocean acidification is messing with fish’s minds.
77．What does the underlined word “treacherous” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Risky. B．Hurried.
C．Mysterious. D．Helpless.
78．What can we learn about the fish in the acidic water?
A．They lost their senses to chemical signals.
B．They were less likely to respond to threats.
C．Their behavior in the lab disappeared in the wild.
D．They tended to seek the protection from their home.
79．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The author’s study confirms previous findings.
B．Fish’s adaptation to acidic water is a matter of time.
C．Different fishes behave differently to acidity change.
D．The chances of restoring fish’s minds are yet to be seen.
80．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．What Do Different Stressors Do to Ocean Creatures?
B．What Does Ocean Acidity Mean to Ocean Creatures?
C．How Does Ocean Acidification Destroy the Ecosystem?
D．How Do Ocean Creatures Adapt to Ocean Acidification?

（2023届北京市朝阳区高三下学期一模英语试题）A snake-robot designer, a technologist, an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room. The journalist turns to the crowd and asks: Should we build houses on the ocean? Like a think-tank panel, members of the team dream up far-out answers to the crucial problem, such as self-driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center.
The setting is X, the enterprise which considers more than 100 ideas each year, in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence. Although only a tiny percentage become “projects” with far-reaching creativity, these projects exist, ultimately, to change the world, like Waymo, the biggest self-driving-car company. In the past 60 years, something strange has happened. As the academic study of creativity has thrived (蓬勃发展), the label innovation may have covered every tiny change of a soda can or a toothpaste flavor, but the rate of productivity growth has been mostly declining since the 1970s. John Fernald, an economist, points out that the notable exception to the post-1970 decline in productivity occurred when businesses throughout the economy finally figured out the breakthrough technology-information technology. John Fernald says, “It’s possible that productivity took off, because we picked all the low-hanging fruit from the IT wave. ”Actually, the world economy continues to harvest the benefits of IT. But where will the next technology shock come from?
Breakthrough technology results from two distinct activities-invention and innovation. Invention is typically the work of scientists and researchers in labs, while innovation is an invention put to commercial use. Seldom do the two activities occur successfully under the same roof. They tend to thrive in opposite conditions; while competition and consumer choice encourage innovation, invention has historically progressed in labs that are protected from the pressure to generate profit.
Allowing well-funded and diverse teams to try to solve big problems is what gave us the computer and the Internet. Today, we fail to give attention to planting the seeds of this kind of ambitious research, while complaining about the harvest. “Companies are really good at combining existing breakthroughs in ways that consumers like. But the breakthroughs come from patient and curious scientists, not the rush to market,” says Jon Gertner, the author of The Idea Factory.
“Technology is a tall tree, ” John Fernald said. “But planting the seeds of invention and harvesting the fruit of innovation are entirely distinct skills, often mastered by different organizations and separated by many years. ” As for me, both of them are essential for technology, although they are relatively independent. I don’t think X is a planter or a harvester, actually. It is like building taller ladders. Nobody knows for sure what, if anything, the employees at such enterprises are going to find up on those ladders. But they’re reaching. At least someone is.
81．What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs?
A．To present the process of group discussion.
B．To illustrate X’s worry about big problems.
C．To reveal the importance of the crazy ideas.
D．To stress the varied backgrounds of the team.
82．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Breakthroughs must stand the test of the market.
B．Innovation on necessities can promote productivity.
C．Invention develops slowly under the pressure of profit.
D．The harvest of innovation lies in some ambitious research.
83．Regarding John Fernald’s view on technology, the author is ____.
A．supportive B．cautious
C．uncertain D．critical
84．What can be inferred about X from the passage?
A．It will focus on innovation.
B．It will have its outcome soon.
C．It may give in to its fruitless reality.
D．It may bring an encouraging outlook.

（2023届北京市丰台区高三下学期一模英语试题）Give a little sunshine!
The Council on Aging (COA) runs a telephone friendship project called the Sunshine Call Program, matching over-60s with a friendly volunteer for a daily chat over the phone. The aim is simple-to help ease the loneliness and repair social networks.
Sheila, 77, a retired teacher, lived alone. She has been receiving calls from Rianne, a volunteer, for over two months.“Talking to Rianne is something I really look forward to—a breath of fresh air. We talk about everything—theatre, her work, books we’ve read…Listening to someone else’s life enriches you and gives you something positive to focus on.”
“At the beginning, I had no expectation of how the phone calls would go, but it’s wonderful that it’s led to a genuine friendship. Rianne helps me a lot …”
Are you ready to add a little sunshine to a senior’s life?The Sunshine Call Program initially links a volunteer with an isolated (独居的) senior for a daily call. When comfortable, the volunteer introduces a second senior to the call. Then another, until there are four seniors to one volunteer on what is essentially a conference call. Without having to leave the house, you will help the seniors meet and make new friends. They will then exchange phone numbers to chat on their own and reduce their isolation.
What are the volunteer qualifications?
Volunteers must have access to the Internet and be willing to be trained on the use of a chat app. COA will provide all supplies required to make the calls. Besides, volunteers must agree to participate in monthly meetings with other volunteers and guest speakers. All volunteers must be willing to provide a recent Criminal Record Check, the cost of which will be borne by COA．And the most important volunteer qualification is a sense of caring and a desire to help seniors in the community!
If you wish to volunteer with our Sunshine Call program, never hesitate! Just CLICK HERE to fill out the application form.
85．Why does the passage mention Sheila’s experience?
A．To show her loneliness
B．To share a sweet memory.
C．To stress the value of CoA
D．To praise Rianne’s kindness.
86．One of the responsibilities of volunteers is
A．making weekly calls to seniors
B．visiting seniors during holidays
C．introducing new friends to seniors
D．teaching seniors to use smart phones
87．If you want to be a volunteer, what are you required to do?
A．Learn the use of a chat app.
B．Prepare a computer by yourself.
C．Offer a letter of recommendation.
D．Have relevant working experience.
88．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To inform the readers of COA．
B．To invite seniors to sign up for COA
C．To introduce volunteer work in COA．
D．To advertise for new volunteers for COA．

（2023届北京市丰台区高三下学期一模英语试题）This was the first communication that had come from her aunt in Jessie’s lifetime.
“I think your aunt has forgiven me at last,” her father said as he passed the letter across the table.
Jessie looked first at the autograph(签名). It seemed strange to see her own name there. There was a likeness between her aunt’s autograph and her own, a hint of the same decisiveness and precision. If Jessie had been educated fifty years earlier, she might have written her name in just that manner.
“You’re very like her in some ways,” her father said, as she still stared at the autograph.
“I should think you must almost have forgotten what Aunt Jessie was like, dear,” she said. “How many years is it since you last saw her?”
“More than forty,” her father said. “We disagreed. We invariably disagreed. Jessie always prided herself on being so modern. She read Darwin and things like that. Altogether beyond me, I admit.”
“And so it seems that she wants to see me.” Jessie straightened her shoulders and lifted her head. She was excited at the thought of meeting this mythical aunt whom she had so often heard about. Sometimes she had wondered if the personality of this remarkable relative had not been a figment(虚构) of her father’s imagination.
But this letter of hers that now lay on the breakfast table was admirable in character. There was something of intolerance expressed in its tone. It was just like what her father had told her.
Mr. Deane came out of his past memories with a sigh.
“Yes, yes; she wants to see you, my dear,” he said. “I’ve heard she has set up a school and helped many youngsters. I think you had better accept this invitation to stay with her. If she took a fancy to you, you could get a better education…”
He sighed again, and Jessie knew that for the hundredth time he was regretting his own past weakness...
89．How was the relationship between Jessie’s father and her aunt?
A．It remained very close over the years.
B．It was broken when they were young.
C．It got tenser due to a misunderstanding.
D．It was uneasy for their financial differences.
90．From the passage, we know Jessie was .
A．eager to meet her aunt.
B．cautious about her aunt’s invitation
C．angry with her aunt for ignoring her family.
D．puzzled by her aunt’s sudden interest in her
91．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Jessie’s aunt promised to offer her better education.
B．Jessie’s aunt’s personality seemed to change a lot.
C．Jessie and her aunt were different in personality.
D．Jessie’s father felt sorry for what he had done.

（2023届北京市丰台区高三下学期一模英语试题）Many people would answer the question of what makes us human by insisting that we are cultural beings. There is no doubt that we are. But one definition of culture is the totality of traditions acquired in a community by social learning from other individuals, and many animal species have traditions. Can we then say that some animals are cultural beings too?
One approach to study culture in animals is the so-called Method of Exclusion (排除), in which scientists investigate behavioral variations across populations of one species. In a famous study, scientists learned that chimpanzee (黑猩猩) behaviors were socially passed on as they were present at some sites but not at others, despite having same ecological settings. For example, chimpanzees in Tai National Park in Ivory Coast are well-known for their nut-cracking skills. Chimpanzees in Gombe national part in Tanzania, on the other hand, do not crack nuts, although nuts exist in their environment too.
However, when applying the Method of Exclusion, one has to be very careful. There are other factors that could also explain the pattern of behavioral evaluation. For example, some of the chimpanzee techniques scientists evaluated occur in only one of the three subspecies. So it’s quite possible that these behaviors also have an innate component. This would mean that one chimpanzee subspecies uses a new technique not out of cultural tradition, but because the behavior is fixed to specific genes. Another factor that has to be excluded is of course the environment Chimpanzees in Mahale do not fish algae (水藻), simply because algae does not exist there.
But when we exclude all the variations that can be explained by genes or environment, we still find that animals do show cultural variations. Does that mean there is no real difference between them and us after all? Not exactly: There is a fundamental difference between human and animal culture. Only humans can build culturally on what generations before us have learned. This is called “cumulative culture”. We don’t have to keep reinventing the wheel. This is called the “ratchet (棘轮) effect”. Like a ratchet that can be turned forward but not back, people’s cultural techniques evolve.
It is likely that behaviors we see today in chimpanzee cultures could be invented over and over again by individual animals themselves. In contrast, a child born today would not be able to invent a computer without the knowledge of many past generations.
92．Why does the author mention the example of the chimpanzees in two parks in Paragraph 2?
A．To prove that culture does exist in animals.
B．To justify the uniqueness of the research method.
C．To compare how chimpanzees behave in different parks.
D．To stress the importance of environment in studying culture.
93．What does the underlined word “innate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Advanced. B．Inborn. C．Adaptive. D．Intelligent.
94．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Cumulative culture is what sets humans apart from animals.
B．Culure in animals is as worthy to be valued as human culture.
C．Animals don’t have the ability to invent behaviors in a community.
D．The “ratchet effect” decides if humans can build on past experiences.

（2023届北京市丰台区高三下学期一模英语试题）When Elinor Lobel was 16, a “smart” insulin (胰岛素) pump was attached to her body. Powered by AI, it tracks her glucose levels and administers the right dose of insulin at the right time to keep her healthy. It is one of the new ways that data and AI can help improve lives.
Books that criticize the dark side of data are plentiful. They generally suggest there is much more to fear than fete in the algorithmic(算法的)age.
But the intellectual tide may be turning. One of the most persuasive supporters of a more balanced view is Elinor Lobel’s mother, Orly, a law professor. In The Equality Machine she acknowledges AI’s capacity to produce harmful results. But she shows how, in the right hands, it can also be used to fight inequality and discrimination.
A principle of privacy rules is “minimization”: collect and keep as little information as possible, especially in areas such as race and gender. Ms Lobel flips the script, showing how in hiring, pay and the legal system, knowing such characteristics leads to fairer outcomes.
Ms Lobel’s call to use more, not less, personal information challenges data-privacy orthodoxy(正统观念). But she insists that “tracking differences is key to detecting unfairness.” She advocates g loosening of privacy rules to provide more transparency(透明)over algorithmic decisions.
The problems with algorithmic formulae(公式) are tackled in depth in Escape from Model Land by Erica Thompson of the School of Economics. These statistical models are the backbone of big data and AL. Yet a perfect model will always be beyond reach. “All models are wrong,” runs a wise saying. “Some are useful.”
Ms Thompson focuses on a challenge she calls the Hawkmoth Effect. In the better known Butterfly Effect, a serviceable model, Vin the prediction of climate change, becomes less reliable over time because of the complexity of what it is simulating(模拟), or because of inaccuracies in the original data. In the Hawkmoth Effect, by contrast, the model itself is flawed; it might fail to take full account of the interplay between humidity, wind and temperature.
The author calls on data geeks to improve their solutions to real-world issues, not merely refine their formulae—in other words, to escape from model land. “We do not need to have the best possible answer,” she writes, “only a reasonable one.”
Both these books exhibit a healthy realism about data, algorithms and their limitations. Both recognize that making progress involves accepting limitations, whether in law or coding. As Ms Lobel puts it: “It’s always better to light a candle than to curse the darkness.”
95．Ms Lobel intends to convey that
A．minimisation is a good privacy rule to go by
B．algorithms are currently challenged by data privacy
C．employing more personal data should be encouraged
D．identifying algorithms’ problems leads to better outcomes
96．What can we learn about “Hawkmoth Effect”?
A．It develops from Butterfly Effect.
B．It emphasizes accuracy of original data.
C．It enjoys popularity in climate research field.
D．It is mentioned to show the model can be faulty.
97．Which of the following does the writer probably agree?
A．Using algorithms to detect differences is hard.
B．The application of data and algorithms is limited.
C．The reliability of data should be attached importance to.
D．Improving algorithms involves accepting its imperfection.
98．Which would be the best title for this passage?
A．The Algorithm’s Prospect B．The Algorithm’s Mercy
C．The Algorithm’s Complexity D．The Algorithm’s Recognition

（北京市延庆区2022-2023学年高三下学期一模英语质量检测）GREAT BOOKS TO TEACH CHILDREN ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE
Here is a shortened list of books sponsored by the magazines TIME and TIME for Kids that are suitable for primary schoolers. To make the list, we considered how age-appropriate the material was, and whether the tone and story line left the reader feeling engaged and empowered rather than anxious or confused.
Experts recommend the youngest kids to read books that explore the beauty and fragility (脆弱) of nature. When developing an appreciation for the world around them, they can switch to books that show the cause and effect of how humans treat our planet, and why it’s important to respect the environment. For older primary school kids, picture books can illustrate how our use of fossil (化石) fuels contributes to global warming. Most of the books on the list also offer lessons about how children, families, schools, and communities can make a difference.
THANK YOU, EARTH: A LOVE LETTER TO OUR PLANET
By April Pulley Sayre
This photography book shows to us plants, animals and landscapes in vivid colors and descriptions. From up-close images of insects to pictures of mountain ranges, the pages introduce children to the planets’ diversity in a simple but effective way.
THE LORAX
By Dr. Seuss
Thanks to its rhyme, and whimsical illustration, this classic tale is suitable for young children who can grasp the scarcity of natural resources, and also older kids who can see a danger in valuing profits over long-term environmental harm.
WE ARE WATER PROTECTORS
By Carole Lindstrom
A tribute to native tribes that are protecting the planet, this book vividly shows the harms of oil pipelines. Kids will see the value of community action, while adults will recognize the story of the native tribes Standing Rock Sioux’s fight against the Dakota Access Pipeline.
POLAR BEAR, WHY IS YOUR WORLD MELTING?
By Robert E. Wells
This book introduces the greenhouse effect with illustrations showing how sunlight gets trapped. It then explains fossil-fuel energy, and our reliance on it for electricity and transportation. The pages are full of science.
99．To make the book list for kids, what should be considered first?
A．Confusing story line. B．The tone of anxiety.
C．The books sponsorship. D．Age-appropriate content.
100．What can kids learn from the book “WE ARE WATER PROTECTORS”?
A．They can see the value of community action.
B．They can know how to protect the native tribes.
C．They can recognize the story of the native tribes.
D．They can understand the importance of oil pipelines.
101．Which book explains how the greenhouse effect come into existence?
A．THE LORAX
B．WE ARE WATER PROTECTORS
C．POLAR BEAR, WHY IS YOUR WORLD MELTING?
D．THANK YOU, EARTH: A LOVE LETTER TO OUR PLANET

（北京市延庆区2022-2023学年高三下学期一模英语质量检测）It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different elementary schools in and around the small town of 100-Mile House, British Columbia, were warming up and walking the route through thick evergreen forest.
I looked around and finally saw David standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old, with messy red hair. But his usual big toothy grin was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children. The only response he gave me was he had decided not to run. What was wrong? He had worked so hard for this event! David’s cerebral palsy (脑瘫) prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his peers thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. It just took him longer. He had stubbornly run a total of twenty three kilometres in practice runs to prepare for that day’s two-and-a-half-kilometre run, and he had asked me to come and watch. We sat down together on some steps, but David wouldn’t look at me.
I quietly said, “David, if you don’t want to run today, no one is going to make you. But if you’re not running because you’re afraid someone is going to laugh, that’s not a good enough reason. There will always be someone who will laugh and say mean things. Are you going to let them get in your way? If you really want to run, David, then you run!” I held my breath as David took this in. Then he looked at the field and said, “I’m gonna run.”
The starter’s gun sounded. But he had only gone a few metres before he tripped and fell flat on the ground. My heart sank. As I started to shout encouragement, David picked himself up and started again. All the other runners had disappeared over the hill. But it didn’t matter. He had worked for it, and he wouldn’t give up!
I waited anxiously by the finish line as the most runners completed and another race had begun. Still no David! I started to feel sick. Had I done the wrong thing? Could he have become lost? Finally, a small figure emerged from the forest. David raised his arms in triumph as he crossed the finish line to wild cheers and applause. He caught my eye, flashed me a toothy grin and said, “That was easy!”
102．What made David unable to run like other children?
A．His mental problem. B．His physical condition.
C．His laziness. D．His hesitation.
103．David decided to run because ________.
A．he was encouraged to B．he wanted to be the first
C．he was laughed into doing it D．he knew it was a shorter distance
104．Which of the following can best describe David?
A．Brave and talkative. B．Out-going and kind-hearted.
C．Lively and hard-working. D．Optimistic and strong-willed.
105．By using the phrase “a toothy grin” in the last sentence, the writer intends to tell us about David’s ________.
A．competence in finishing a run B．positive attitude towards life
C．ability to win cheers and applause D．efforts to catch others’ attention

（北京市延庆区2022-2023学年高三下学期一模英语质量检测）

Making use of the wind, the water or, for more than half of all plant species, animals, plants disperse (散播) seeds far and wide. Frugivores — animals such as gibbons that feed on the fleshy fruits of plants — eat and then excrete (排泄) seeds away from the original tree. The African savanna elephant can carry seeds up to a record-breaking distance of 65 kilometres. This ability to shift geographical ranges will be crucial to plants when it comes to surviving climate change. However, just like all gibbon species, the African savanna elephant is endangered, its population down by 60 percent over the past 50 years.
Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢复力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. According to their research, this loss has already reduced the ability of plants to move in pace with climate change by 60 percent, and in some areas by as much as 95 percent.
Evan Fricke, lead author of the study, explains that in order to reach these results, they pulled together existing data from all previous studies and used machine learning to develop models that could estimate the seed dispersal potential of any animal, even ones that are now extinct.
The researchers found that, historically, the decline of seed-dispersing animals has had the greatest influence on plants across the temperate (温带的) regions of North and South America, Europe and southern Australia. “Our temperate ecosystems have lost a lot of the natural seed-dispersal function that they would have had.” explains Fricke, referring to large mammals that were once widespread in these regions.
Nevertheless, the poor conservation status of many seed-dispersing tropical animals puts plants in regions such as Southeast Asia and Madagascar most at risk today. Without the preservation of such animals, global seed dispersal could decline by a further 15 percent. “The direct implication of this decline is that many plant species will be unable to keep pace with a changing climate,” says Fricke. “That means the potential loss not only of plant biodiversity but of the ecosystem functions that those plants provide.”
As wildlife is lost, plants can no longer adapt and survive and forests become less sustainable, which reduces the amount of carbon they can store. They also lose their ability to support wildlife. Whole ecosystems are disrupted. The conclusion, Fricke says, is clear: we must conserve currently endangered species and restore the populations of important seed dispersers. “Independent of climate change, rewilding has the potential to benefit our ecosystems, but in a changing climate, it has the added benefit of increasing the climate resilience of those ecosystems,” he says.
106．The author mentions the African savanna elephant in Paragraph 1 is to ________.
A．highlight the problem B．predict the ending
C．express an opinion D．provide a solution
107．What does Fricke conclude from the study?
A．plants disperse seeds by way of animals excreting them.
B．rewilding can promote the climate resilience of our ecosystems.
C．seed-dispersing animals could hardly affect the natural ecosystems.
D．the loss of seed-dispersing animals has little influence on temperate regions.
108．Which would be the best title of the passage?
A．The Resilience of Ecosystems
B．The Conservation of Seed-dispersing Animals
C．Animals That Spread Seeds Are Essential — And Under Threat
D．Animals That Spread Seeds Are Endangered — And Well Protected

（北京市延庆区2022-2023学年高三下学期一模英语质量检测）We’ve heard for years that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. But, it actually might be even more important than previously thought, according to a study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which examined the effects of skipping meals and meal frequency as related to mortality (死亡率) and heart health.
The study, which was published in August of last year, sought to find out if eating behaviors like meal frequency, meal skipping, and time between meals were associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
The study consisted of 24,011 adults 40 years or older who participated from 1999 to 2014. Researchers looked at various eating behaviors of participants who self-reported their eating habits every 24 hours. Causes of death were tracked via death records through December 31, 2015.
After examining participants throughout the years, researchers found that certain eating behaviors were in fact linked to higher rates of premature death. Eating only one meal per day was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality while skipping breakfast was linked to an increased risk of CVD mortality, and skipping lunch or dinner was linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Lastly, the study found that having meals too closely together (less than four and half hours apart) was also linked to all-cause premature death.
So, what does this mean for the average person? “At the end of the day what matters is that an individual can meet their nutritional needs for optimal (最佳) health,” explains Keri Gans, author of The Small Change Diet, “and breakfast typically is a good vehicle for nutrients associated with a decrease in cardiovascular risk, such as fiber and vitamins”. “If by eliminating meals they are missing out on important nutrients their body needs, then long term that can be harmful to their health,” leads to a “higher risk for certain cancers and heart disease,” she says.
While this study was large and comprehensive in many ways, there are also many limitations. It was mostly based on a 24-hour, self-reported dietary recall, “which may not always be the best method for dietary assessment,” explains Gans. “The participants may not accurately recall what they ate or honestly report it leading to the potential of misinformation.” Researchers noted that it was impossible to consider the role of sleep in the relationship between food and mortality, as well as a host of other unmeasured factors.
The bottom line is that while these findings about the relationships between meal skipping and mortality are important, there are a lot more factors that go into premature death.
109．What are mainly discussed in Paragraphs 3 and 4?
A．Research process and findings B．The cause and findings
C．Research subjects and purpose D．The topic and significance
110．What does the underlined word “eliminating” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean?
A．Reducing. B．Overeating. C．Skipping. D．Consuming.
111．What can we infer from the study?
A．Its limitations are fully taken into account in the study.
B．Consuming adequate nutrients is the key to maintain overall health.
C．The risk of all-cause premature death is unrelated to skipping dinner.
D．Researchers learned about eating behaviors by observing the participants.
112．What is the author’s attitude towards skipping breakfast?
A．Favorable. B．Unconcerned. C．Skeptical. D．Disapproving.

（2023届北京市石景山区高三统一练习英语试卷）There’s no place like home—a place to put your feet up, relax and be yourself. But a brand new full-service private rental property named Homestead is redefining(重新定义) modern living, making you feel at home.
Freed from the small stuff
Right from moving in, convenience is built into the process, with fully-furnished, high-quality apartments available for residents and access to all facilities of Homestead and Wi-Fi included in monthly rental cost.
Feel at home
Not only are Homestead’s apartments beautifully designed and furnished to create a sense of relaxation and luxury, but the shared spaces for residents to use and socialise in—from the inviting reception area to the landscaped roof garden and stylish private dining rooms—all reflect a contemporary, high-quality reimagining of what renting ought to be.
Make hybrid work really work
As hybrid work, which focuses on the flexibility of working, is part of our lives now, the opportunity to shift between workspaces with ease is critical. Start the day catching up on emails in a stylishly-designed co-working space steps away from your front door, before taking calls on the outside platform or travel into your employer’s office when you need to.
Be a people person
Living at Homestead means joining a community of like-minded people. Whether you meet neighbours on the roof garden or in the cinema room, or choose to network in the co-working space, making friends couldn’t be more straightforward.
Tap here for helpful services
They say there’s an app for everything—and in this case, there is an app with everything. The Homestead App gives you quick access to a range of bookable services, from ordering takeaway to dog walking to cleaning services—all right on your doorstep, meaning more time to actually enjoy the rest of your day.
Visit Homestead and discover how full-service rental lets you make the most of homelike living.
113．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To inform us of rental services. B．To advertise a rental property.
C．To report on a different lifestyle. D．To sell multi-functional apartments.
114．How does Homestead make hybrid work easier for its residents?
A．By offering shared working spaces.
B．By giving access to bookable services.
C．By supplying a full set of office equipment.
D．By providing training to improve efficiency.
115．What can we know from the passage?
A．Residents can live an old-fashioned life.
B．Homestead saves residents from buying furniture.
C．Residents are required to join a social community.
D．Homestead charges residents extra fee for using Wi-Fi.

（2023届北京市石景山区高三统一练习英语试卷）I recently attended a wedding in a rural area in north Italy, and guests were provided with a car and driver for the 90-minute journey into the hills. That was exciting: A private car! I could pretend I was rich! Since I’m not, though, I had no idea how much this trip actually cost. As a result, after our driver picked us back up at midnight, I secretly worried all the way home about tipping him.
I fished around nervously in my purse and realized that all I had was a $100 note, which I was keeping for an emergency. I had nothing smaller. And I had nothing else to offer but two chocolates from the wedding. So, I could tip the driver that $100 note or two chocolates. In the end, I chose the money.
The whole matter of tipping has long been a source of awkward interactions — and, for some travellers, mild anxiety — throughout the world. Tipping customs vary wildly from country to country. A friend in Rome tells me that Italians get hurt by big tips. “Leaving a big tip is considered impolite,” she adds, “I’ve had Italian friends make me take money back.”
It reminded me of my 100-dollar tip. What if I had annoyed the driver? So I decided to call the car company and ask them to pass on a message to the driver apologizing for the improper tip and explaining the situation.
To my surprise, the car company responded that the driver had actually called to express his gratitude for the unexpected big tip. He had apparently been having a tough week and the money had come at just the right time.
I was astonished. All my worry had been for nothing. What started out as a source of anxiety ended up being a heartwarming experience. I learned that sometimes it’s better to go with your feelings and be generous, even if it means taking a risk.
116．What did the author realize when she dug around in her purse?
A．She had spent 100 dollars on emergency.
B．She had to ask the driver for smaller changes.
C．She had nothing but two chocolates to offer the driver.
D．She had no smaller notes and might tip too high or too low.
117．Why did the author mention the tipping in Italy?
A．To compare different tipping customs.
B．To share a personal story of her friend.
C．To show the possibility of upsetting the driver.
D．To demonstrate her rich knowledge on tipping.
118．What was the driver’s response to the tipping?
A．He was annoyed by the large tip. B．He appreciated the author’s generosity.
C．He was grateful and refused the money. D．He was upset by the awkward interaction.
119．What can we conclude from the passage?
A．Good things are possible when you follow your heart.
B．You’d better think carefully before taking action.
C．When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
D．A penny saved is a penny earned.

（2023届北京市石景山区高三统一练习英语试卷）Recently, a new discovery has been made in the field of biology that challenges our previous understanding of the origins of life on Earth. For decades, scientists believed that life emerged in a warm, shallow pond, where a series of chemical reactions led to the creation of the first living cells. However, a team of researchers has now uncovered evidence that suggests life may have actually begun in a quite different environment.
The discovery was made in a remote part of the ocean, where a team of scientists was exploring a hydrothermal vent (深海热泉) system located deep beneath the surface. Hydrothermal vents release superheated water and gases from the Earth’s mantle (地幔). They create an extreme environment that is unfavourable to most forms of life, but home to a variety of unique organisms.
As the scientists collected samples of the vent’s mineral-rich liquid, they noticed something strange. They discovered that it contained a complex network of organic molecules (分子), including amino acids (氨基酸) and other building blocks of life. This was surprising, as hydrothermal vents were previously thought to be empty of life-supporting chemicals. However, the most striking discovery was yet to come. Analysis of the organic molecules revealed that they were not simply the product of chemical reactions in the vent, but rather had been produced by living organisms. This served as evidence of a lively ecosystem that was completely independent of sunlight and the surface world.
This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of the origins of life on Earth. The warm pond hypothesis (假说), which has long been the dominant theory, suggests that life emerged in a relatively warm and damp environment. However, the new evidence from the hydrothermal vent system suggests that life may have actually begun in an extreme environment, where survival was only possible through the development of original biochemical pathways. The discovery also raises new questions about the potential for life to exist on other celestial bodies (天体). Hydrothermal vents have been identified on Saturn’s moon Enceladus and Jupiter’s moon Europa. The presence of organic molecules at these sites suggests that unique forms of life may exist.
While this discovery is still in its early stages, it is already beginning to reshape our understanding of the origins of life and the potential for life on other planets. It is a testament to the power of scientific exploration and the incredible complexity of life on Earth. As we continue to explore the depths of the ocean and the vast expanse of space, who knows what other surprises and discoveries lie in store.
120．What did the scientists newly discover in the vent’s liquid?
A．Superheated gases. B．A variety of minerals.
C．Life-supporting chemicals. D．Complex forms of life.
121．What can we learn from the passage?
A．The warm pond hypothesis proves to be right.
B．Organic molecules lead to chemical reactions.
C．Forms of life were identified in the vents on other planets.
D．Original biochemical pathways can occur in severe conditions.
122．What is conveyed in the last paragraph?
A．Researches help us push the boundaries of technology.
B．Scientists have addressed the limitations of the research.
C．New discoveries inspire us to further explore the unknown.
D．Researchers have confirmed the origins and complexity of life.

（2023届北京市石景山区高三统一练习英语试卷）Many of us may experience dinner-table debates. One common scene plays out as follows. You want to convince a friend or a family member of something you know they may disagree, and you share information and walk through your reasoning with them. Still, they reject your case. How do you react when your powers of persuasion fail? You might dismiss the person who doesn’t agree with your arguments as narrow-minded, foolish or otherwise out of touch with reality. The whole experience may feel like trying to guide someone on a journey when they refuse to follow. Psychologists have created a term, persuasion fatigue, to describe this form of frustration (懊恼).
Persuasion fatigue may make it harder to successfully keep challenging conversations. Past research demonstrates that feeling frustrated can make you more resistant to changing your mind. It also shows that frustration may reduce your ability to recognize why your arguments don’t succeed. Persuasion fatigue also explains why, when debates break down, people tend to blame their conversational opponent. As Mark Twain once wrote, “In all matters of opinion, our opponents are insane (愚蠢的).” In past findings, people generally reported three times as many reasons why others’ faults led to failed debates rather than their own shortcomings. It is true that others are not always open to your ideas. Ending the discussion can therefore be the right thing to do. But in an overheated debate, your fatigue may lead you to misinterpret the situation and believe that your opponent is too stupid to see the truth. Fortunately, psychologists suggest some sound approaches to managing these situations and protecting your relationships.
To reach your audience, it may be essential to express your message in terms of their values, not yours. Psychologists call this “moral reframing.” In fact, researches suggest that the simple act of acknowledging values of the people you’re talking to — telling them you understand where they’re coming from, even if you don’t agree—may lead them to lower their defenses and open up a little to new arguments.
Your fatigue may be even worse by thinking or assuming that debate is a zero-sum struggle — that you win if, and only if, your opponent loses. But sometimes you’re better off seeing an argument as a cooperative effort to find the truth — less like angry neighbours fighting over their property line. The neighbours map land together by viewing it from multiple angles. Similarly, debates can help you triangulate a view between your opinion and the other person’s.
The tendency to blame others for exhausting debates has real consequences. In our exhaustion, we may fail to see when our frustrations stem from a deep desire for connection. Recognizing persuasion fatigue—and how we contribute to it—may help us pass through heated debates without leaving those we love behind.
123．People may experience persuasion fatigue when they _________.
A．try in vain to convince others B．misinterpret others’ reasoning
C．adopt others’ views unwillingly D．try to persuade narrow-minded people
124．Which is the possible consequence of persuasion fatigue?
A．One can’t stick to his point of view.
B．One admits his limits and weaknesses.
C．One can’t get to the root of failed debates.
D．One feels incompetent for further arguments.
125．Why does the author quote Mark Twain in the passage?
A．To stress the effect of changing others’ mind.
B．To confirm the difficulty of winning an argument.
C．To explain the reason for one’s ending an argument.
D．To support the idea of one’s tendency to blame others.
126．Which is the recommended solution to managing persuasion fatigue?
A．Seeing a debate as a zero-sum game.
B．Making an effort for common ground.
C．Shifting the topic to lower others’ defenses.
D．Reframing points based on one’s own values.


参考答案：
1．B 2．A 3．A

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了旅游的几种创造性形式，如导游徒步旅行、自助徒步旅行、海岸漫步和丛林漫步。
1．细节理解题。根据“Guided Walking Tours”部分的“Guided walking tours are an informative and fun way to deeply understand the area about a city’s history and the people there(导游徒步旅行是一种信息丰富、有趣的方式，可以深入了解该地区的城市历史和那里的人们)”可知，导游徒步旅行可以让你深入了解这一区域，故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据“Bush Walking Tours”部分的“At the very least you should let your family or friends know where you are going.This is useful if you get lost(至少你应该让你的家人或朋友知道你要去哪里。如果你迷路了，这很有用)”可知，Bush walking tours需要提前告知家人，故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据“Guided Walking Tours”部分的“You can take this kind of tour anytime and anywhere(你可以随时随地参加这种旅行).”、“Self-Guided Walking Tours”部分的“You can take them in any season you like(你可以在任何你喜欢的季节参加)”、“Coastal Walking Tours”部分的“Coastal walks are for all year round.( 海岸步道全年开放)”以及“Bush Walking Tours”部分的“Bush walks can be a family activity with your dog throughout the year(布什散步可以是一年中与你的狗一起进行的家庭活动)”可知，这些旅游的共同之处是你可以在一年中随时参与，故选A项。
4．D 5．D 6．C

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了Santellano开车带着两个孩子时，突然遭遇车祸，幸亏得到了好心人的救助才得以获救。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Suddenly, a red pickup truck cut them off. Santellano turned the wheel hard to the right, sending the car running off the road and down an embankment(路堤)that ended in a drop-off after about 50 feet. (突然，一辆红色皮卡挡住了他们的去路。Santellano使劲向右转方向盘，导致汽车冲出公路，冲下了路堤，在行驶了大约50英尺后停了下来。)”可知，Santellano在避让红色皮卡车的时候，使汽车冲出了公路，滑下了路堤。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“With the car secured the group carefully opened the back doors and helped the children out.(固定好车后，这群人小心翼翼地打开后门，把孩子们救了出来。)”以及第四段“But their departure shifted the car’s weight, causing it to lean forward.(但他们的离开改变了汽车的重量，导致汽车前倾。)”可知，汽车之所以前倾是因为两个孩子离开了车，使汽车失去了平衡。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Jacob Rodriguez, a veteran, watched the scene unfold from the company where he works. Then, he and four other men ran to the car. They leaped onto the trunk to balance the weight as the terrified kids in the back seat watched.(Jacob Rodriguez是一名退伍军人，他在自己工作的公司目睹了这一幕。然后，他和另外四个人跑向汽车。他们跳上后备箱平衡重量，后座上吓坏了的孩子们看着他们。)”可知，Jacob目睹事故之后，就赶紧前去帮忙，说明他们乐于助人；再根据第三段“Julio jumped out of the car to help while Marco went to the shop, grabbed a heavy-duty strap and returned to the dangling car. He tied the car to and F-350 truck that had been driven over by one of the other rescuers.( Julio跳下车来帮忙，而Marco去了商店，抓起一根结实的皮带，回到了摇摇晃晃的车上。他把车绑在一辆F-350卡车上，这辆卡车是被另一名救援人员开来的。)”可判断，他们对于这种情况的处理是非常专业的。故选C。
7．C 8．C 9．D 10．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了国家电力系统启用了氢动力无人机，应用于电网检查。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段“There exists a certain threat to inspection safety if the drone falls out of control due to its use of large-capacity lithium battery pack, which easily leads to burn and explode.( 如果无人机由于使用大容量锂电池组而失控，很容易导致燃烧和爆炸，则对检查安全构成一定威胁)”可知，传统的无人机如果失控会导致燃烧，故选C项。
8．主旨大意题。根据第五段“It is learned that it offers power autonomy of 2 hours, about four times that of the lithium battery drone. The life of hydrogen fuel cell is more than 2000 hours,about 20 times that of the lithium battery.( 据悉，它提供2小时的电力自主性，大约是锂电池无人机的四倍。氢燃料电池的寿命超过2000小时，大约是锂电池的20倍)”可知第五段主要讲的是“蜻蜓”无人机比锂电池无人机的优势，故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据第五段“It is tested that the “Qingting”drone fails to burn or explode when it falls out of control,which performs better in safety.( 经测试，“蜻蜓”无人机在失控时不会燃烧或爆炸，安全性能更好)”可知文章说的是“蜻蜓”无人机在失控状态下不会爆炸，并未提及这种无人机能防止氢电池爆炸，故选D项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Next, the company will expand the multi-directional application of hydrogen drones in inspection for power grid by carrying different functional equipment to make breakthroughs in the technical barriers. Moreover, under the national policy of actively promoting the application of clean energy, accelerating the development of hydrogen fuel cells in the field of unmanned aviation vehicles(UAVs)is of significance(下一步，该公司将通过携带不同的功能设备，扩大氢能无人机在电网检测中的多向应用，以突破技术壁垒。此外，在积极推动清洁能源应用的国家政策下，加快氢燃料电池在无人驾驶航空飞行器领域的发展具有重要意义)”可推理出，氢燃料在许多领域都有着光明的前景，故选B项。
11．A 12．A 13．D 14．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述许多行业正面临劳动力短缺的问题，同时因机器人的大量出现，很多人担心失去工作岗位，而多项研究发现事实并非如此，拥有更多的机器人来提高生产力将是一件好事。作者认为没有证据表明机器人会导致大面积失业。
11．词义猜测题。根据第一段划线词上文“Warehousing has grown rapidly.( 仓储业发展迅速)”以及下文“picking items off shelves and helping people pack an exponentially rising numbers of boxes.( 它可以从货架上挑选物品，并帮助人们打包数量呈指数级增长的盒子)”可推理出划线词的含义为“必不可少”，与A项表达的含义一致，故选A项。
12．推理判断题。根据第四段“For all that, the march of the robots will bring big changes to workplaces. The skills and firms that are rewarded will shift,too.But that need not be the disaster many fear. One supposed example of “bad automation” is self-service checkouts in supermarkets because they displace human workers.( 尽管如此，机器人的发展将给工作场所带来巨大的变化。技能和得到回报的公司也将发生变化。但这未必是许多人担心的灾难。一个被认为是“糟糕的自动化”的例子是超市的自助结账，因为它们取代了人工。)”可知提到“糟糕的自动化”是要证明机器人并不意味着灾难，故选A项。
13．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“As jobs change, workers should be helped to acquire new skills, including how to work with and manage the robots that will increasingly be their colleagues(随着工作的变化，应该帮助工人获得新的技能，包括如何与机器人合作和管理机器人，这些机器人将越来越多地成为他们的同事)”可知，作者认为机器人和人可能成为同事，故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The potential gains from the robot revolution have just started. It won’t be the plot in some films where the robots fight against their human masters and cause mass unemployment(机器人革命的潜在收益才刚刚开始。这不会是一些电影中机器人与人类主人战斗并导致大规模失业的情节)”可推理出，作者认为没有证据表明机器人会造成人类大面积失业，故选B项。
15．A 16．C 17．B

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章对默特尔海滩的迪诺公园进行了介绍。
15．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Along the way, you will be able to learn about some awesome dino facts and get your fill of prehistoric fun!(在此过程中，您将能够了解一些令人敬畏的恐龙事实，并获得史前乐趣！)”可知，在Dino公园，游客可以感受到史前时代的欢乐。故选A。
16．细节理解题。根据第六段Ride a Tyrannosaurus最后一句“Climb aboard for an action-packed ride that you won’t soon forget.(登上这趟惊险刺激的旅程，你不会很快忘记。)”可知，“骑暴龙”会让孩子们记忆犹新。故选C。
17．推理判断题。根据第一段“Enjoy the family-friendly adventure at Dino Park in Myrtle Beach! This exciting museum gives guests the chance to come face-to-face with life-sized dinos! These beasts have a vast history that will spark imagination and allow visitors of all ages to enjoy educational fun.(在默特尔海滩的迪诺公园享受适合家庭的冒险吧！这个令人兴奋的博物馆让游客有机会与真人大小的恐龙面对面！这些动物有着丰富的历史，将激发想象力，让所有年龄段的游客都能享受教育的乐趣。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是推荐一个具有教育意义的博物馆。故选B。
18．B 19．C 20．D 21．C

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了加拿大的一位女性消防员Andrea Speranza，由于自己所在的领域女性很少，她创办了“勇气营”，帮助很多女性成为消防和急救人员。
18．细节理解题。根据第一段中“After one childhood adventure at a construction site ended with an iron nail embedded (嵌入) in her leg and an emergency call to the fire department, she found herself in awe. “As they gave me the medical treatment, I thought, they could help everybody and do anything,” says the now 52-year-old. (童年时，她在建筑工地经历了一次冒险，结果腿上嵌了一颗铁钉，她给消防部门打了紧急电话，这让她感到敬畏。“当他们给我治疗时，我想，他们可以帮助所有人，做任何事情，”现年52岁的她说)”可知，童年的一次意外经历使她想成为一名消防员。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Speranza decided to help young women see that they, too, could have a career like hers. (Speranza决定帮助年轻女性认识到，她们也可以拥有像她一样的事业)”以及第三段中“The result is Camp Courage, an immersive(沉浸式的) program for girls aged 15 to 19 who want to learn more about firefighting, paramedicine and police work. (其结果就是“勇气营”，这是一个面向15至19岁的女孩的沉浸式项目，她们想要了解更多关于消防、医疗护理和警察工作的知识)”可知，Speranza创办“勇气营”是帮助更多的女性从事像她这样的工作。故选C。
20．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Campers must submit an essay describing how they plan to help their community, or a specific individual in need. And they have to deliver on the plan—from building a bench for a senior at a bus stop to launching a local chapter of the Kids Help Phone. (营员必须提交一篇短文，描述他们计划如何帮助他们的社区，或有需要的特定个人。他们必须实现这个计划——从在公交车站为一位老人建一张长椅，到在当地成立一个儿童帮助电话分会)”可知，营员们需要提交一份计划，然后付诸行动才能通过勇气营。故选D。
21．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Andrea Speranza wanted to be a firefighter long before she had the right word for her wish. (早在找到合适的词来表达她的愿望之前，安德里亚·斯佩兰萨就想成为一名消防员)”以及第二段中“In 2000, Speranza fulfilled her dream of becoming a firefighter. (2000年，Speranza实现了成为一名消防员的梦想)”及全文可知，Speranza不但通过努力实现了自己的梦想，并且她创办了“勇气营”，帮助很多女性成为消防和急救人员。所以我们从文章中学到的是“心之所愿，无事不成。”故选C。
22．A 23．B 24．C 25．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种利用光学来加快计算速度从而减少延迟的新技术。
22．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句“This latency(延时) occurs as connected devices don’t have enough memory or power to store and run the enormous machine-learning models needed for the device to understand what a user is asking of it. The model is stored in a data center that may be hundreds of miles away, where the answer is computed and sent to the device.(这种延迟发生的原因是，连接的设备没有足够的内存或能力来存储和运行庞大的机器学习模型，而设备需要这些模型来理解用户的要求。该模型存储在可能数百英里外的数据中心，在那里计算答案并发送到设备。)”可知，第一段主要是讲延迟的原因。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“The waves are sent to a connected device using fiber optics(纤维光学), which enables tons of data to be sent lightning-fast through a network. The receiver then employs a simple optical device that rapidly performs computations using the parts of a model carried by those light waves.(这些电波通过光纤传输到连接的设备上，这使得大量数据能够以闪电般的速度通过网络传输。然后，接收器采用一个简单的光学装置，利用这些光波携带的模型部分快速执行计算。)”可知，这种新方法利用光学来加快计算速度，从而减少了延迟。故选B。
24．推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“This technique leads to more than a hundredfold improvement in energy efficiency when compared to other methods. It could also improve security, since a user’s data do not need to be transferred to a central location for computation.(与其他方法相比，这项技术使能源效率提高了一百倍以上。它还可以提高安全性，因为用户的数据不需要传输到中心位置进行计算。)”可知，作者提到了一辆自动驾驶汽车以展示该技术的节能和安全性。故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Moving forward, the researchers want to update the smart transceiver chip to achieve even better performance.(展望未来，研究人员希望更新智能收发器芯片以获得更好的性能。)”可知，这项新技术将得到进一步改进。故选A。
26．D 27．D 28．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。冠状病毒大流行为研究社会联系创造了环境。过去几年，我们对数字通信（远离面对面交流）如何影响整体社会联系进行了研究，研究表明，技术会使人际关系更加生疏。
26．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Researchers studied nearly 3,000 adults during the pandemic’s early months and found that email, social media, online gaming, and texting were not fungible for in-person interactions. Voice and video calls, were somewhat better.(研究人员在疫情初期对近3000名成年人进行了研究，发现电子邮件、社交媒体、在线游戏和短信无法fungible面对面的互动。语音和视频通话稍微好一些。)”可知，研究表明面对面的互动（如语音和视频通话）要更好一些，说明电子邮件、社交媒体、在线游戏和短信无法替代面对面的互动，由此可推知，划线单词fungible与D项“Replaceable.(可替代的)”意思一样，故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Quitting the virtual communications from our life is clearly not the answer. Since we’re not going back to life before this kind of technology, we can and should use it mindfully in service of love.(从我们的生活中退出虚拟交流显然不是解决问题的办法。由于我们不会回到这种技术出现之前的生活，我们可以而且应该谨慎地使用它来服务于爱情。)”可知，虚拟交流虽有缺点，但是从我们的生活中退出虚拟交流显然不是解决问题的办法，我们应该谨慎对待，由此可推知，作者对于虚拟交流是持谨慎的态度，故选D。
28．主旨大意题。第一段中“One of the most common areas of inquiry over the past couple of years was how our sudden mass shift to digital communication — away from face-to-face — affected overall social connectedness. (过去几年最常见的研究领域之一是，我们突然大规模转向数字通信（远离面对面交流）如何影响整体社会联系。)”指出我们对数字通信（远离面对面交流）如何影响整体社会联系进行研究；根据第二段“Social connectedness is a key to happiness. Lower it, and you will be worse off — and so will your loved ones, especially your kids. One 2014 survey revealed that 62 percent of U.S. children thought their parents were too distracted to listen to them. The No. 1 reason was parents’ phone use.(社会联系是幸福的关键。降低它，你会变得更糟——你所爱的人，尤其是你的孩子也会变得更糟。2014年的一项调查显示，62%的美国儿童认为他们的父母过于心烦意乱，不愿意听他们说话。第一个原因是父母使用电话。)”和第三段中“It is clear that scrolling or surfing will reduce social connection: You do them instead of interacting. (很明显，滑动手机或者网上冲浪会减少社交联系：你做这些而不是互动。)”指出研究结果：技术会使人际关系更加生疏；文章最后提出解决办法，即根据最后一段中“Quitting the virtual communications from our life is clearly not the answer. Since we’re not going back to life before this kind of technology, we can and should use it mindfully in service of love.(从我们的生活中退出虚拟交流显然不是解决问题的办法。由于我们不会回到这种技术出现之前的生活，我们可以而且应该谨慎地使用它来服务于爱情。)”可知，我们对数字通信（远离面对面交流）如何影响整体社会联系进行研究，研究表明，技术会使人际关系更加生疏，B项“科技可以让你的人际关系更浅薄”适合做文章标题，故选B。
29．D 30．D 31．B

【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立的‘帮助伙伴项目’的好处以及其成员的责任。
29．细节理解题。根据What’s in it for you?部分中“It will also help you make contacts that may be valuable in your future academic and professional lives.(它还会帮助你建立对你未来的学术和职业生涯有价值的联系)”可知，成为伙伴帮助者可能对你未来的学习和职业有帮助。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据Responsibilities of buddies部分第二点中“Meet the student and show him/her around the campus and the local area.(与学生见面，并带他/她参观校园和当地地区)”可知，作为一名伙伴帮助者，你需要帮助新生熟悉环境。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“To help new students, the International Business Institute (IBI) plans to set up a buddy (伙伴) peer support project.(为了帮助新生，国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立‘帮助伙伴项目’)”可知，文章主要介绍了国际商业学院（IBI）计划设立的‘帮助伙伴项目’的好处以及其成员的责任，目的是吸引潜在的志愿者成为伙伴帮助者。故选B。
32．B 33．C 34．C 35．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Li天生听力严重受损，但她通过绘画找到了与世界交流的方式，她希望她的故事能鼓励那些与她一样听力受损的人建立自己的事业，实现自己的梦想。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But a painting class in primary school opened for her a door to creativity and a way of expression.(但小学的绘画课为她打开了一扇通往创造力和表达方式的大门。)”可知，小学的绘画课为她打开了创造力与表达自己的大门。故选B项。
33．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的“Now in many parks and scenic spots, the couple have created large-scale murals and interactive pavement painting that make onlookers a part of the drawings.(现在，在很多公园和景区，这对夫妇创作了大型壁画和互动路面绘画，让旁观者成为绘画的一部分。)”可知，在许多公园和景点都能见到Li与她丈夫的作品，由此可知，她与她丈夫创作了许多美好的绘画。故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Li hopes that their stories can encourage more hearing-impaired people to build their own careers and achieve their goals, regardless of how tough it may be.(Li希望他们的故事可以鼓励更多的听障人士建立自己的事业并实现自己的目标，无论多么艰难。)”可知，Li希望用自己的故事激励那些跟她一样听力受损的人无论有多难，要建立自己的事业，实现自己的梦想。故选C项。
35．主旨大意题。根据首段“Born with severe hearing loss, Li has found her way to communicate with the world—through painting.(天生患有严重的听力损失，李找到了与世界交流的方式——通过绘画。)”可知，Li虽听力受损，但她仍找到了与世界沟通的方式——绘画，根据第四段中的“To pursue her passion for art, Li went to study advertising design at a vocational and technical school.(为了追求自己对艺术的热情，李去一所职业技术学校学习广告设计。)”可知，她为追求自己对艺术热爱，她上大学学习广告设计，并顺利毕业，找到一份工作，但她不满意自己的工作状况，又辞职与她丈夫从事3D墙面和地面绘画，并在各公园和旅游景点创作许多的艺术作品，由此可知，本文主要告诉我们的是，只要肯努力，没有什么不可能。故选D项。
36．C 37．A 38．A 39．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，海草草甸还可以缓解由温室气体排放导致的海水持续酸化。
36．细节理解题。根据第一段中“They protect the shoreline from erosion, clear pollutants from the water and provide habitats for all kinds of marine animals.(它们保护海岸线免受侵蚀，清除水中的污染物，为各种海洋动物提供栖息地)”可知，海草草甸可以帮助去除海水中的污染物。故选C。
37．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The study published in the journal Global Change Biology finds that sea grass forests can raise pH levels in coastal waters. As they perform photosynthesis (光合作用), they remove carbon dioxide from the water, counteracting the acidifying effect of the gas.(这项发表在《全球变化生物学》杂志上的研究发现，海草林可以提高沿海水域的pH值。当它们进行光合作用时，它们会从水中去除二氧化碳，抵消气体的酸化作用)”可知，海草能去除水中的二氧化碳，从而抵消气体的酸化作用，由此可推知，画线词所在句意为“新的研究表明，海草草地还可以缓解温室气体排放的严重后果：海水的持续酸化”，mitigate意为“缓解”。故选A。
38．段落大意题。根据第七段内容，结合本段首句“According to the study, sea grass ecosystems can raise pH levels by more than 0.1 unit, equivalent to about a 30% decrease in acidity.(根据这项研究，海草生态系统可以将pH值提高0.1个单位以上，相当于酸度降低30%左右)”以及末句“The study also shows that pH is higher in sea grass ecosystems, compared to nearby areas with no sea grass, about 65% of the time.(研究还表明，与附近没有海草的地区相比，海草生态系统的pH值在65%的时间里更高)”可知，本段主要告诉我们这项研究的结果。故选A。
39．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“New research suggests sea grass meadows may also mitigate a serious consequence of greenhouse gas emissions: the steady acidification of ocean waters.(新的研究表明，海草草地还可以缓解温室气体排放的严重后果：海水的持续酸化)”及第五段最后一句“The study presents a natural way to address the problem.(这项研究提出了一种解决这一问题的自然方法)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，海草草甸可以缓解由温室气体排放导致的海水持续酸化，故本文目的是介绍一种解决海洋酸化问题的自然方法。故选D。
40．A 41．B 42．C

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了研究发现，在重大节日时，给孩子时间和感情的礼物，会给孩子们带来更好、更持久的礼物。
40．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Dr. Oravecz said, “Our research found that micro-moments of positivity, like a kind word, a hug with a child or a sympathetic expression, make people feel most loved.”(Oravecz博士说道：“我们的研究发现，小的积极时刻，比如说一句友善的话语、与孩子的拥抱或者同情的表情，会最让人感到被爱”。)”可知，听到友善的话语会最让人感觉到被爱，故选A。
41．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The SEEKING system is exercised each time you go exploring together: the beach, a cave, a hidden village...” She continued, “So when you take your child on a vacation, you are supporting their explorative urge (SEEKING system)—a vital resource for living life well, and their capacity to play (PLAY system). In adulthood, this translates into the ability to play with ideas—essential, for example, to the successful entrepreneur(企业家).” (每次那么一起探索时，都会使用到寻找系统：沙滩、洞穴、隐藏的村庄……她继续说道：“所以，当你带孩子度假时，你是在支持他们的探索冲动（也就是寻找系统）——这是过好生活的重要资源，也是他们玩耍的能力（玩耍系统）”。成年后，这将转化为对成功企业家至关重要的想法的能力。)”可推知，你在带孩子探索时，是在支持他们的探索系统，故当在野外探索时，探索系统会得到一定的发展，故选B。
42．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So for the next round of gift-giving with the children, consider an experiential gift instead. The return is definitely priceless. (因此，在下一轮给孩子送礼物时，可以考虑体验式礼物。其带来的回报是无价的。)”可推知，作者在最后建议家长下次给孩子送礼物的时候，送体验式礼物，故作者同意，比起物质礼物，与家人一起的旅行更能促进家人之间的情感交流，故选C。
43．C 44．B 45．A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍自然的未来奖 (FFN) 的目的，益处，资格和申请候选人等相关信息。
43．细节理解题。根据小标题The Future For Nature aims to:中的“·Reward and fund individuals for their outstanding efforts in the protection of species of wild animals and plants. (奖励和资助在保护野生动植物物种方面做出突出努力的个人)”和“·Stimulate award winners to sustain their dedicated work. (激励获奖者保持他们的敬业精神)”可知，FFN的目标之一是激励保护工作，故选C。
44．细节理解题。根据小标题The Future For Nature aims to:中的“·FFN is building a growing family of winners, dedicated people who form a community of people with the same interest. FFN offers them the opportunity to meet each other and continue to learn with each other in order to continue their fight for nature as efficiently and effectively as possible.(FFN正在建立一个不断壮大的赢家家庭，由具有相同兴趣的人组成一个社区。FFN为他们提供了彼此见面的机会，并继续相互学习，以便尽可能高效和有效地继续为自然而战)”可知，获胜者将有机会认识志同道合的人。故选B。
45．细节理解题。根据小标题Qualifications中的“The candidate: ·Must be born on or after the 31st May 1988 and before the 31st May 2005. (候选人：1988年5月31日或之后，2005年5月31日之前出生)”可知，要申请2023年自然未来奖，候选人必须符合年龄要求。故选A。
46．A 47．B 48．D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述非常喜欢阅读的Sherene加入图书馆举行的“大声朗读计划”，她的朗读十分生动且引人入胜的故事。
46．细节理解题。根据第六段中“Later, when she grew up and became a teacher, she read aloud to her students many times throughout the day. Since her retirement, she read aloud only to herself and Boots, her cat.(后来，当她长大成为一名教师时，她整天大声朗读给她的学生听。退休后，她只对自己和她的猫博姿大声朗读)”可知，Sherene过去是一名老师。故选A。
47．细节理解题。根据第五段“Once home, she sat down to read the brochure, which said, ‘Project Read Aloud seeks to provide the opportunity of hearing stories read aloud in a comfortable setting.’ That is a fine goal, she thought.(回到家后，她坐下来阅读小册子，上面写着：‘大声朗读计划旨在提供机会，让人们在舒适的环境中听到大声朗读的故事。’这是一个很好的目标，她想)”及第六段中“Sherene filled out the form. She loved reading aloud.(Sherene填好了表格。她喜欢大声朗读)”可知，“大声朗读计划”旨在提供机会，让人们在舒适的环境中听到大声朗读的故事，而Sherene喜欢大声朗读，因此这个计划符合她的兴趣，所以她报名加入。故选B。
48．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“She wove the tale masterfully creating voices for the characters, pausing for emphasis, and taking the listeners into another world.(她巧妙地编织了这个故事，为人物创造了声音，为强调而停顿，并将听众带入另一个世界)”及最后一段中“When Sherene read the last words of the story, there was a momentary silence as it all sank into the listeners and then a burst of enthusiastic applause.(当Sherene读到故事的最后几个字时，听众陷入了短暂的沉默，然后爆发出热烈的掌声)”可知，Sherene的朗读非常生动且引人入胜。故选D。
49．D 50．C 51．C 52．D

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。一个新的研究发现：与面对面交流相比，虚拟会议不利于创新想法的产生，文章分析了原因，并给出了建议。
49．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Among the groups, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, suggesting that something about face-to-face interaction generates more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers’ resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office. (在这些小组中，虚拟配对提出的想法要少得多，这表明面对面交流能产生更多创造性的想法。这些发现可能会stiffen雇主敦促或要求员工回到办公室的决心。)”可知，面对面的交流有利于创造性想法的产生，虚拟会议不如面对面交流，所以对于雇主来讲，要求员工回到办公室才会有更多的创造性想法，stiffen意为“加强”，此处为“加强了雇主的决心”，划线词与Strengthen意思相近，故选D项。
50．推理判断题。根据第三段“‘We ran this experiment based on feedback from companies that it was harder to innovate with remote workers,’ said lead researcher Melanie Brucks. ‘Unlike other forms of virtual communication, like phone calls or e-mail, videoconferencing copies the in-person experience quite well, so I was surprised when we found meaningful differences between in-person and video interaction for idea generation.’  (首席研究员梅勒妮·布鲁克斯说：‘我们进行这项实验的依据是，一些公司反馈说，让远程员工更难创新。与电话或电子邮件等其他形式的虚拟交流不同，视频会议很好地复制了面对面的体验，所以当我们发现面对面互动和视频互动在产生想法方面的显著差异时，我很惊讶。’)”可知，因为有公司反映：远程员工难创新，所以首席研究员梅兰妮·布鲁克斯组织了实验，来验证公司所反映的情况，在发现面对面交流与视频互动交流所带来的创新想法的差异与公司反映的一样时，他很是惊讶，说明他原来认为公司的反馈值得怀疑，故选C项。
51．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Like most educators, Brucks has primarily taught virtually in the past three years, and she did notice some benefits of the approach as well. Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often, rid of the anxiety that comes from addressing a large classroom. (像大多数教育工作者一样，布鲁克斯在过去三年主要是虚拟教学，她也注意到这种方法的一些好处。她的学生更有可能轮流发言，她那些比较害羞的学生也更经常发言，消除了在大教室讲话时的焦虑。)”可知，布鲁克斯的虚拟课堂上，学生可能轮流发言，连害羞的学生也能经常发言，故可推知，他的学生能充分利用虚拟学习。故选C项。
52．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Many people have participated into lots of virtual meetings these years. Some research shows this adjustment might not impact workplace productivity to any great degree. A new study, though, suggests otherwise. (这些年来，许多人参加了许多虚拟会议。一些研究表明，这种调整可能不会在很大程度上影响工作场所的生产力。然而，一项新的研究表明情况并非如此。)”，以及第二段“Among the groups, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, suggesting that something about face-to-face interaction generates more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers’ resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office. (在这些小组中，虚拟配对提出的想法要少得多，这表明面对面交流能产生更多创造性的想法。这些发现可能会坚定雇主敦促或要求员工回到办公室的决心。)”可知，虚拟会议对工作场所的生产力有不利影响，“Brainstorming Online Limits Creativity (网上头脑风暴限制创造力)”作标题比较贴切。故选D项。
53．D 54．C 55．A 56．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述生命科学像宇宙一样复杂，随着生命科学工具的迅速改进，科学家们就能够更深入地研究生命的组成部分并且取得很大的成就，并且作者认为应优先发展生命科学。
53．推理判断题。根据第二段“Decades ago, astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said, “The universe is also within is. We’re made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself. ” He was commenting then on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space. (几十年前，天体物理学家卡尔·萨根说过一句名言：“宇宙也在身体之内。”我们是由恒星组成的。我们是宇宙认识自己的一种方式。他当时的评论是，我们的内部宇宙和外太空一样复杂、一样奇妙。)”可知他提出我们的身体像宇宙一样复杂和奇妙，这是一个想法，故选D。
54．细节理解题。根据第三段“Like the technological developments that took us from Galileo’s telescope to the Hubble to the JWST, life science tools have also improved rapidly. From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones, these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biology’s infinitesimal (无限小的) landscape. (就像从伽利略望远镜到哈勃望远镜再到JWST的技术发展一样，生命科学工具也在迅速改进。从早期的光学显微镜到现代的超分辨率显微镜，这些发展使研究人员能够深入观察生物学的微小景观。)”可知就像对宇宙的研究一样，生命科学的研究设施也在不断发展，故选C。
55．推理判断题。根据第四段“Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges. Being able to image a virus or bacterium is nice at the level of basic science. But knowing how viruses gain entry into cells and spread, infect, and disable can literally save lives. Through time, biology has risen to this mechanistic challenge. Not only can life science tools produce images of cell components, even more importantly, they can help predict the effects of drugs on receptors, of immune cells on foreign invaders (入侵者), and of genetic perturbations (基因干扰) on development and aging. (生物学家还必须描述所有这些部分在不同环境和面临各种挑战时是如何相互作用和变化的。能够对病毒或细菌进行成像在基础科学层面上是很好的。但了解病毒如何进入细胞并传播、感染和致残确实可以挽救生命。随着时间的推移，生物学已经上升到这个机械的挑战。生命科学工具不仅可以生成细胞成分的图像，更重要的是，它们可以帮助预测药物对受体的影响，免疫细胞对外来入侵者的影响，以及基因扰动对发育和衰老的影响。)”可推测生物学家的工作是很实用的，故选A。
56．推理判断题。根据最后一段“My aim is to celebrate these accomplishments while at the same time recognizing that science’s inward search for detail and insight is equally impressive and, in my view, more urgent. (我的目的是庆祝这些成就，同时认识到科学对细节和洞察力的内在探索同样令人印象深刻，在我看来，更加紧迫。)”可知作者认为生命科学要优先发展，故选B。
57．A 58．C 59．D

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。一门名为FutureSmart的免费在线金融教育课程被介绍给了中学生，该课程专门针对这一群体，旨在教年轻人如何建立坚实的财务基础。
57．细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Fast forward to today, FutureSmart, available in English and Spanish, has reached over 13,000 schools across all 50 states. (快进到今天，FutureSmart有英语和西班牙语版本，已经覆盖了美国50个州的13000多所学校。)”可知，FutureSmart课程以两种不同的语言提供。故选A。
58．细节理解题。根据第六段首句“From weighing opportunity costs to delaying instant satisfaction for long-term financial gain, FutureSmart educates our youth using hands-on simulations (模拟) to introduce concepts like daily financial decisions and the rewards of long-term planning. (从权衡机会成本到为了长期财务收益而推迟即时满足，FutureSmart通过实际模拟教育我们的年轻人，介绍日常财务决策和长期规划奖励等概念。)”可知，FutureSmart通过模拟现实情况引入金融概念。故选C。
59．推理判断题。根据第六段末句“Teaching young learners how to build solid financial foundations is an important step in building financially healthy communities. (教年轻人如何建立坚实的财务基础是建立财务健康社区的重要一步。)”以及第七段“Although our work is far from complete, we know that FutureSmart works. And it works exceptionally well. (虽然我们的工作还远未完成，但我们知道FutureSmart是可行的。而且效果非常好。)”可知，FutureSmart课程是为了教年轻人如何建立坚实的财务基础，且效果非常好。所以，学习完课程后，学生应该能够为未来建立一个稳定的财务基础。故选D。
60．B 61．D 62．C 63．D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者天生脑损伤，但仍然梦想成为一名科学家。经历了重重困难，最终作者实现了自己的梦想。
60．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I was hoping to pursue a career in science, but I started to wonder whether that would be possible. I thought my dreams had crashed to the ground.(我希望从事科学方面的职业，但我开始怀疑这是否可能。我以为我的梦想已经破灭了)”可知，作者的梦想是成为科学家。故选B。
61．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Shortly after my first birthday, I started walking and it became clear my intelligence function was unaffected. So, in some sense, I was lucky.(在我第一个生日后不久，我开始走路，很明显我的智力功能没有受到影响。所以，在某种意义上，我是幸运的)”可知，作者说他在第二段是幸运的，因为他的脑损伤没有影响他的智力。故选D。
62．细节理解题。根据第三段中“As a teenager, I faced a lot of bullying at school. Feeling alone, I joined a study group called “The natural world”. I thought that getting into the world of animals would keep me away from people. That’s how I came into the field of biology.(十几岁的时候，我在学校遭遇了很多欺凌。感到孤独，我加入了一个名为“自然世界”的学习小组。我以为进入动物的世界会让我远离人类。这就是我进入生物学领域的原因)”可知，从文章中可以看出，作者的孤独使他走向了生物学的世界。故选C。
63．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’ve come to realize that my hands aren’t the barrier I thought they were. By making use of my abilities and working as part of a team, I’ve been able to follow my passions. I’ve also realized that there’s much more to being a scientist than performing the physical labor. I may not collect all the data in my papers, but I’m fully capable of designing experiments and interpreting results, which, to me, is the most exciting part of science.(我开始意识到我的手并不是我想象中的障碍。通过发挥我的能力和团队合作，我能够追随我的热情。我也意识到，作为一名科学家，除了从事体力劳动，还有更多的事情要做。我可能无法在论文中收集所有的数据，但我完全有能力设计实验并解释结果，对我来说，这是科学中最令人兴奋的部分)”结合文章讲述了作者天生脑损伤，但仍然梦想成为一名科学家。经历了重重困难，最终作者实现了自己的梦想。可推知，作者想要表达的是：阳光总会穿过暴风雨。故选D。
64．B 65．D 66．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了液体活检检测肿瘤的研究以及目前存在的一些不足之处。
64．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Liquid biopsies could, in theory, detect a tumor (肿瘤) well before it could be found by touch, symptoms or imaging. (理论上，液体活检可以在通过触摸、症状或成像能发现之前检测出肿瘤)”可知，液体活检，如血样能够检测出肿瘤。故选B项。
65．推理判断题。根据第四段后二句“To solve that problem, some newer liquid biopsies look for changes in gene expression. Such changes, Maitra notes, are “more organ-specific”. (为了解决这个问题，一些新的液体活检寻找基因表达的变化。Maitra指出，这种变化“更具器官特异性”)”可推测出，器官特异性的肿瘤将能通过基因表达上的变化被识别出。故选D项。
66．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句““These companies have to prove that they can detect early cancer and, more important, that the early detection can have an impact on cancer survival,” Maitra observes. (“这些公司必须证明他们能够检测到早期癌症，更重要的是，早期检测可以对癌症生存率产生影响。”Maitra说道。)”推知，作者关心的是液体活检是否有助于挽救癌症患者的生命。故选C项。
67．A 68．B 69．C 70．A

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者对于慢阅读的看法，指出了慢阅读的重要性和好处，并指出科技不能改变人们对这种深度阅读的需求。
67．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Nor is there anything new in these fears about declining attention spans. So far, the anxieties have proved to be false alarms. “Quite a few critics have been worried about attention span lately and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline,” the American author Selvin Brown wrote. “No one ever said that poems were evidence of short attention spans.”(对注意力持续时间下降的担忧也不是什么新鲜事。到目前为止，焦虑被证明是虚惊一场。美国作家Selvin Brown写道：“相当多的评论家最近开始担心注意力持续时间，他们认为非常短的故事是文化衰落的标志。从来没有人说过诗歌是注意力持续时间短的证据。”)”可推知，作者对Selvin Brown的观点持赞成态度。故选A。
68．细节理解题。根据第三段“And digital writing is meant for rapid release and response. An online article starts forming a comment string underneath as soon as it is published. This mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun. But often it treats other people’s words as something to be quickly harvested as fodder to say something else. Everyone talks over the top of everyone else, desperate to be heard.(数字写作意味着快速释放和反应。一篇在线文章一经发表，就开始在下面形成一个评论字符串。这种写作和阅读的模式可以是互动的和有趣的。但它经常把别人的话当作可以迅速收获的素材，用来说别的东西。每个人都说得比别人多，渴望被别人听到)”可知，作者认同数字写作导致过多的表达，而缺乏足够的思考。故选B。
69．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The human need for this kind of deep reading is too”以及后文“for any new technology to destroy”可知，too…to…表示“太……以至于不能……”，即人类对这种深度阅读的需求是如此坚定，任何新技术都无法摧毁。故画线词意思是“坚定的”。故选C。
70．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle has not killed off the printed book any more than the car killed off the bicycle. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.(实际上，旧技术可以与新技术共存。Kindle并没有消灭纸质书，就像汽车没有消灭自行车一样。我们仍然想要享受缓慢形成的思想和精心选择的词语。即使在一个快速发展的时代，也有时间进行慢速阅读)”可知，文章主要论述了作者对于慢阅读的看法，指出了慢阅读的重要性和好处，并指出科技不能改变人们对这种深度阅读的需求。因此A选项“慢阅读将会持续下去”最符合文章标题。故选A。
71．A 72．C 73．A

【导语】本文是篇应用文。文章主要介绍了即将举办的2023年ECOSOC青年论坛的相关信息和内容。
71．细节理解题。根据第三段“The 2023 Forum will address the theme on speeding up the recovery from the COVID-19 and the full implementation (实施) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.”（2023年论坛的主题是加快从2019冠状病毒中复苏和全面落实2030年可持续发展议程）可知，2023年ECOSOC青年论坛将会讨论全球从新冠病毒中复苏的问题。故选A。
72．细节理解题。根据第六段“The event will be held in a mixed way allowing for opportunities for in-person and virtual participation. Participants will also be able to ask questions via social media.”（该活动将以一种混合的方式举行，允许面对面和虚拟参与的机会，参与者还可以通过社交媒体提问）可知，参加者可以在线上和线下参加这次活动。故选C。
73．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I also strongly advise them to be open to hearing everyone’s different opinions from an objective point of view.”（我还强烈建议他们从客观的角度听取每个人的不同意见）可知，2022年的参加者还建议该活动愿意听取各种不同的声音，考虑各方面不同的意见。故选A。
74．C 75．B 76．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者小时候撇石头的经历帮助作者获得了很多锦标赛大奖。
74．细节理解题。根据第一段“It was satisfying making them dance on the surface. That perfect skim, where the stone glided (滑行)，brought me fantastic feelings-and still does.（让他们在水面上跳舞是一种满足。石头滑过的那一段完美的飞掠，给我带来了奇妙的感觉——现在仍然如此。）可知，作者小时候喜欢撇石头是因为石头滑过带来的满足感。故选C项。
75．细节理解题。根据第三段“I returned to the 2018 championship, hoping for a champion.”（我重返2018年的锦标赛，希望能获得冠军）和倒数第二段“the feeling of winning made a decision for me.”（胜利的感觉让我做了一个决定）可知，对胜利的渴望帮助作者赢得了每一个冠军。故选B项。
76．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’m a big believer in giving things a go. I’m 42, and to become a world champion at this stage is pretty left-field. It showed me it was worth jumping in the car that day-and proof that a childhood spent throwing muddy stones from beaches wasn’t wasted.”（我坚信凡事都要试一试。我已经42岁了，在这个阶段成为世界冠军是相当不可能的。它告诉我，那天跳进车里是值得的，也证明了从海滩上扔泥石的童年没有浪费。）可知，短文叙述了作者小时候撇石头的经历帮助作者获得了很多锦标赛大奖。所以能推理出更大的舞台已经为那些敢于尝试的人准备好了。故选C项。
77．A 78．B 79．D 80．B

【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章通过科研团队对小丑鱼和小热带鱼的实验和研究，说明了海洋酸化正在搅乱海洋生物的思维，对它们产生了较大的影响。
77．词义猜测题。根据第一段“After hatching, they swim out to the open sea to finish developing. After maturing, the young fish swim back, during which they have to avoid a “wall of mouths” by sensing the unfriendly smells. ”（孵化后，它们游到大海中完成发育。成年后，幼鱼会游回来，在此期间，它们必须通过感知不友好的气味来避开“口墙”。）可知，小丑鱼出生后要独自去大海中生活，成年后才能回来，这期间随时都有被其他生物吃掉的可能，有着较大的风险，可谓是一场有风险的旅程。故划线词“treacherous”表示“有风险的”。故选A。
78．细节理解题。根据第二段“When we introduced friendly and unfriendly smells at the same time, the fish seemed unable to make up their minds, spending equal time swimming toward one smell and the other. They could sense chemical signals but couldn’t recognize the meaning of them.”（当我们同时引入友好和不友好的气味时，鱼似乎无法下定决心，花同样的时间游向一种气味和另一种气味。他们可以感知化学信号，但不能识别它们的意义。）可知，鱼在酸性水中，不太能识别不友好的具有威胁性的气味。故选B。
79．推理判断题。根据第三段“But maintaining normal functions such as avoiding danger is a different challenge.”（但维持正常功能，如避免危险则是另一种挑战。）和最后一段“Although the science is still new, the results appear to be lining up: ocean acidification is messing with fish’s minds.”（虽然这门科学还是新兴的，但结果似乎是一致的：海洋酸化正在扰乱鱼类的思维。）可知，海洋酸化正在扰乱鱼的思维，使鱼很难避免危险，所以恢复鱼的思维的可能性还有待观察。故选D。
80．主旨大意题。根据第一段“With ocean acidification, a trend that is occurring worldwide, scientists began to wonder what might happen to fish’s sense of smell.”（随着全球范围内海洋酸化的趋势，科学家们开始想知道鱼类的嗅觉会发生什么。）和最后一段“Although the science is still new, the results appear to be lining up: ocean acidification is messing with fish’s minds.”（虽然这门科学还是新兴的，但结果似乎是一致的：海洋酸化正在扰乱鱼类的思维。）及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了海洋酸化对海洋生物产生的影响。故选B。
81．C 82．D 83．A 84．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在X背景下发明和创新会带来令人鼓舞的前景。
81．推理判断题。根据第一段“A snake-robot designer, a technologist, an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room. The journalist turns to the crowd and asks: Should we build houses on the ocean? Like a think-tank panel, members of the team dream up far-out answers to the crucial problem, such as self-driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center.(一个蛇机器人设计师，一个技术专家，一个超维物理学家和一个记者走进一个房间。记者转向人群问道：我们应该在海洋上盖房子吗？就像一个智库小组一样，该团队的成员为这个关键问题想出了超乎想象的答案，比如可以在沿海城市中心一个接一个停放的自动驾驶住宅单元)”以及第二段“The setting is X, the enterprise which considers more than 100 ideas each year, in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence. Although only a tiny percentage become “projects” with far-reaching creativity, these projects exist, ultimately, to change the world, like Waymo, the biggest self-driving-car company.(背景是X，这家企业每年会考虑100多个创意，涉及的领域从清洁能源到人工智能。虽然只有一小部分成为具有深远创造力的“项目”，但这些项目的存在最终将改变世界，就像最大的自动驾驶汽车公司Waymo一样)”可知，前两段的主要目的是揭示疯狂想法的重要性。故选C项。
82．推理判断题。根据第四段“Today, we fail to give attention to planting the seeds of this kind of ambitious research, while complaining about the harvest.(今天，我们在抱怨收获的同时，没有注意播下这种雄心勃勃的研究的种子)”和“But the breakthroughs come from patient and curious scientists, not the rush to market(但这些突破来自耐心和好奇的科学家，而不是急于上市)可知”，创新的收获在于一些雄心勃勃的研究。故选A项。
83．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As for me, both of them are essential for technology, although they are relatively independent. I don’t think X is a planter or a harvester, actually. It is like building taller ladders. Nobody knows for sure what, if anything, the employees at such enterprises are going to find up on those ladders. But they’re reaching. At least someone is.(对我来说，这两者对于技术来说都是必不可少的，尽管它们相对独立。事实上，我不认为 X 是种植者或者收割者。这就像建造更高的梯子。没有人确切地知道，如果有的话，这些企业的员工会在这些梯子上发现什么。但是他们在努力。至少有人是)”可推知，关于约翰 · 费尔纳德对技术的看法，作者是支持的。故选A项。
84．推理判断题。根据第二段“The setting is X, the enterprise which considers more than 100 ideas each year, in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence. Although only a tiny percentage become “projects” with far-reaching creativity, these projects exist, ultimately, to change the world, like Waymo, the biggest self-driving-car company.( 背景是X，这家企业每年会考虑100多个创意，涉及的领域从清洁能源到人工智能。虽然只有一小部分成为具有深远创造力的“项目”，但这些项目的存在最终将改变世界，就像最大的自动驾驶汽车公司Waymo一样)”可知，X可能会带来令人鼓舞的前景。故选D项。
85．C 86．C 87．A 88．D

【导语】本文为一篇应用文。介绍了COA建立的一个“阳光电话项目”的活动，结构的志愿者与60岁以上的老年人电话连线，为他们减轻孤独感，并宣传招募志愿者。
85．推理判断题。根据表格中第三段““At the beginning, I had no expectation of how the phone calls would go, but it’s wonderful that it’s led to a genuine friendship. Rianne helps me a lot …” (起初，我没预料到电话会打得怎么样，但它却给我带来了一段真正的友谊。Rianne帮助了我很多。)”可知，文章提到Sheila的经历是为了说明COA的志愿者帮助了她很多，故其目的在于强调COA的价值，故选C。
86．细节理解题。根据文章Are you ready to add a little sunshine to a senior’s life?部分“Without having to leave the house, you will help the seniors meet and make new friends. They will then exchange phone numbers to chat on their own and reduce their isolation.(不用离开家，你就可以帮助老年人们见面，帮助他们交朋友。他们然后可以交换电话号码，自己聊天，减轻孤独感。)”可知，志愿者的职责之一就是给老年人介绍新的朋友，从而减轻他们的孤独感，故选C。
87．细节理解题。根据文章What are the volunteer qualifications?部分中“Volunteers must have access to the Internet and be willing to be trained on the use of a chat app. (志愿者必须可以使用网络，并且愿意接受关于聊天软件使用的培训。)”可知，如果你想要当志愿者，你需要学会聊天软件的使用，故选A。
88．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If you wish to volunteer with our Sunshine Call program, never hesitate! Just CLICK HERE to fill out the application form. (如果你想要在我们的阳光电话项目中当志愿者，那就不要犹豫！点击此处，填写申请表。)”可推知，本篇文章的目的在于为招募志愿者做广告，故选D。
89．B 90．A 91．D

【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的姑姑与父亲因为分歧，多年未见面。父亲收到了姑姑的来信，父亲很悔恨，并打算将作者送到姑姑那里去接受好的教育。
89．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“This was the first communication that had come from her aunt in Jessie’s lifetime. (这是Jessie生命中第一次与姑姑的联系。)”以及文章第六段““More than forty,” her father said. “We disagreed. We invariably disagreed. (父亲说道：“四十多年了。我们有分歧，我们总是有分歧”。)”可知，作者的父亲和姑姑已经四十多年没见面了，故他们的关系在年轻的时候就破裂了，故选B。
90．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第五段“She was excited at the thought of meeting this mythical aunt whom she had so often heard about. (一想到能见到这个她经常听说的神奇的姑姑，她就激动不已。)”可知，Jessie很渴望见到姑姑，故选A。
91．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“He sighed again, and Jessie knew that for the hundredth time he was regretting his own past weakness... (父亲再次叹气，d Jessie知道，父亲已经为自己过去的软弱后悔了几百次了……)”可知，作者的父亲为之前的软弱感到悔恨，因此父亲是为之前的所做的事情感动后悔，故选D。
92．A 93．B 94．A

【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章主要围绕“动物是否也像人类一样是有文化的生物”而展开论述。
92．推理判断题。第二段中“In a famous study, scientists learned that chimpanzee (黑猩猩) behaviors were socially passed on as they were present at some sites but not at others, despite having same ecological settings.(在一项著名的研究中，科学家们发现，黑猩猩的行为在某些地方会被社会传递，而在其他地方则不会，尽管它们的生态环境相同)”提到，黑猩猩的行为在某些地方会被社会传递，接着下文“For example, chimpanzees in Tai National Park in Ivory Coast are well-known for their nut-cracking skills. Chimpanzees in Gombe national part in Tanzania, on the other hand, do not crack nuts, although nuts exist in their environment too.(例如，象牙海岸泰国家公园的黑猩猩以其破解坚果的技能而闻名。另一方面，坦桑尼亚贡贝国家地区的黑猩猩不咬坚果，尽管坚果在他们的环境中也存在)”通过举例证实上述观点，即动物中也存在文化，故选A。
93．词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“This would mean that one chimpanzee subspecies uses a new technique not out of cultural tradition, but because the behavior is fixed to specific genes.(这意味着一个黑猩猩亚种使用一种新技术不是出于文化传统，而是因为这种行为固定于特定的基因)”可知，黑猩猩的行为可能是由于其特定的基因，即是因为先天因素，故画线词所在句意为“所以很有可能这些行为也有先天因素”，innate意为“先天的”，故选B。
94．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“There is a fundamental difference between human and animal culture. Only humans can build culturally on what generations before us have learned. This is called ‘cumulative culture’.(人类文化和动物文化之间有根本的区别。只有人类才能在前人的基础上建立文化。这就是所谓的‘累积文化’)”可知，累积文化将人类与动物区分开来。故选A。
95．C 96．D 97．D 98．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在这个数据时代，人们总是对算法存有恐惧，但是科学家们却持有不同的观点。
95．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Ms Lobel’s call to use more, not less, personal information challenges data-privacy orthodoxy(正统观念). But she insists that “tracking differences is key to detecting unfairness.” She advocates g loosening of privacy rules to provide more transparency(透明)over algorithmic decisions.( Lobel女士呼吁更多而不是更少地使用个人信息，这挑战了数据隐私的正统观念。但她坚持认为，“追踪差异是发现不公平的关键。”她主张放松隐私规则，为算法决策提供更多的透明度。)”可知，她想表达的是鼓励更多地使用个人信息。故选C。
96．细节理解题。根据文章第七段“Ms Thompson focuses on a challenge she calls the Hawkmoth Effect. In the better known Butterfly Effect, a serviceable model, Vin the prediction of climate change, becomes less reliable over time because of the complexity of what it is simulating(模拟), or because of inaccuracies in the original data. In the Hawkmoth Effect, by contrast, the model itself is flawed; it might fail to take full account of the interplay between humidity, wind and temperature.(汤普森女士专注于一个她称之为“霍克蛾效应”的挑战。在更广为人知的蝴蝶效应中，一个可用的气候变化预测模型随着时间的推移变得不那么可靠，因为它所模拟的内容很复杂，或者因为原始数据不准确。相比之下，在“霍克蛾效应”中，模型本身就有缺陷；它可能没有充分考虑到湿度、风和温度之间的相互作用。)”可知，文中提到“霍克蛾效应”是为了表明模型本身是有缺陷的。故选D。
97．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Both these books exhibit a healthy realism about data, algorithms and their limitations. Both recognize that making progress involves accepting limitations, whether in law or coding.(这两本书都展示了关于数据、算法及其局限性的健康现实主义。双方都认识到，取得进步需要接受限制，无论是在法律上还是在编码上。)”可知，两人都赞同想要改进算法就得接受其不完美的方面。故选D。
98．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Books that criticize the dark side of data are plentiful. They generally suggest there is much more to fear than fete in the algorithmic(算法的)age. (批评数据阴暗面的书籍比比皆是。他们普遍认为，在算法时代，恐惧远比狂欢更可怕。)”可知，人们对于算法还是带有恐惧心理；而根据第三段“But the intellectual tide may be turning. One of the most persuasive supporters of a more balanced view is Elinor Lobel’s mother, Orly, a law professor. In The Equality Machine she acknowledges AI’s capacity to produce harmful results. But she shows how, in the right hands, it can also be used to fight inequality and discrimination.(但思想潮流可能正在转变。更平衡的观点最有说服力的支持者之一是埃莉诺·洛贝尔的母亲Orly，她是一名法学教授。在《平等机器》一书中，她承认人工智能有能力产生有害的结果。但她展示了它在正确的人手中如何用来对抗不平等和歧视。)”可知，文章主要介绍的是算法给人类带来的好的一面。所以“The Algorithm’s Mercy(算法的仁慈)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
99．D 100．A 101．C

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本教孩子们气候变化的好书。
99．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“To make the list, we considered how age-appropriate the material was, and whether the tone and story line left the reader feeling engaged and empowered rather than anxious or confused.(为了制作这个列表，我们考虑了材料是否适合年龄，以及语调和故事情节是否让读者感到投入和赋权，而不是焦虑或困惑)”可知，为儿童制定书单时，应首先考虑适合儿童年龄的内容。故选D。
100．细节理解题。根据WE ARE WATER PROTECTORS部分中的“Kids will see the value of community action, while adults will recognize the story of the native tribes Standing Rock Sioux’s fight against the Dakota Access Pipeline.(孩子们将看到社区行动的价值，而成年人将认识到当地部落Standing Rock Sioux对抗达科他管道的故事)”可知，孩子们能从《我们是水的保护者》这本书中学到社区行动的价值。故选A。
101．细节理解题。根据POLAR BEAR, WHY IS YOUR WORLD MELTING?部分中的“This book introduces the greenhouse effect with illustrations showing how sunlight gets trapped.(这本书通过插图介绍了温室效应，展示了阳光是如何被捕获的)”可知，POLAR BEAR, WHY IS YOUR WORLD MELTING?解释了温室效应是如何产生的。故选C。
102．B 103．A 104．D 105．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是患有脑瘫的David想要放弃越野跑比赛，但是通过作者的鼓励，David还是坚持参加了比赛，在他冲线的时候，全部人都为他感到高兴。
102．细节理解题。根据第二段的“David’s cerebral palsy (脑瘫) prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his peers thought of him as a regular kid.”(大卫的脑瘫使他不能像其他孩子一样走路或跑步，但在学校，他的同学们都认为他是一个普通的孩子。)可知，大卫患有脑瘫，因此可知，他的身体状况不允许他像其他孩子一样走路和跑步。故选B。
103．推理判断题。根据第三段的“I quietly said, “David, if you don’t want to run today, no one is going to make you. But if you’re not running because you’re afraid someone is going to laugh, that’s not a good enough reason. There will always be someone who will laugh and say mean things. Are you going to let them get in your way? If you really want to run, David, then you run!” I held my breath as David took this in. Then he looked at the field and said, “I’m gonna run.”
”(我平静地说:“大卫，如果你今天不想参加跑步，没有人会强迫你的。但如果你不是因为害怕别人会笑话而跑步，那就不是一个足够好的理由。总会有人嘲笑你，说些刻薄的话。你要让他们挡你的路吗?如果你真的想跑，大卫，那就跑吧!”当大卫理解这些时，我屏住了呼吸。然后他看着球场说:“我要跑。”)可推断，在作者的鼓励下，大卫决定跑。故选A。
104．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The starter’s gun sounded. But he had only gone a few metres before he tripped and fell flat on the ground. My heart sank. As I started to shout encouragement, David picked himself up and started again. All the other runners had disappeared over the hill. But it didn’t matter. He had worked for it, and he wouldn’t give up!(枪响了。但他只走了几米就绊倒了，倒在地上。我的心沉了下来。当我开始大声鼓励时，大卫站了起来，又开始了。所有其他的跑步者都消失在山上去了。但这并不重要。他为此努力了，他不会放弃！)”可推断，大卫摔倒后继续站起来跑步，说明他是意志坚强的，再根据倒数第一段的“Finally, a small figure emerged from the forest. David raised his arms in triumph as he crossed the finish line to wild cheers and applause. He caught my eye, flashed me a toothy grin and said, “That was easy!”(最后，一个小人影从森林里冒了出来。在疯狂的欢呼和掌声中，大卫冲过终点线，胜利地举起了双臂。他吸引了我的目光，向我咧嘴一笑，说：“这很容易！”)”可推断，大卫是乐观积极的。故选D。
105．推理判断题。根据倒数第一段的“Finally, a small figure emerged from the forest. David raised his arms in triumph as he crossed the finish line to wild cheers and applause. He caught my eye, flashed me a toothy grin and said, “That was easy!”(最后，一个小人影从森林里冒了出来。在疯狂的欢呼和掌声中，大卫冲过终点线，胜利地举起了双臂。他吸引了我的目光，向我咧嘴一笑，说：“这很容易！”)”可知，大卫最终冲过了重点线，完成了跑步比赛，朝作者咧嘴笑，并说跑步是容易的，说明大卫完成了跑步是高兴的，说跑步是容易的，说明大卫对生活积极乐观，因此推断作者通过说大卫“咧嘴笑”，是为了告诉我们大卫对生活的积极的态度。故选B。
106．A 107．B 108．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过研究讲述了传播种子的动物是必不可少的，对生态系统有益，但是这些动物目前处于危险中。
106．推理判断题。根据第一段的“The African savanna elephant can carry seeds up to a record-breaking distance of 65 kilometres. This ability to shift geographical ranges will be crucial to plants when it comes to surviving climate change. However, just like all gibbon species, the African savanna elephant is endangered, its population down by 60 percent over the past 50 years.(非洲热带草原大象可以携带种子长到65公里。这种改变地理范围的能力对植物对气候变化的生存至关重要。然而，就像所有的长臂猿物种一样，非洲热带稀树草原象也濒临灭绝，它的数量在过去的50年里减少了60%)”和第二段内容“Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢复力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. According to their research, this loss has already reduced the ability of plants to move in pace with climate change by 60 percent, and in some areas by as much as 95 percent.(丹麦和美国的研究人员发表了一项新的研究，研究了种子传播动物的丢失如何影响森林和其他自然生态系统的恢复力。根据他们的研究，这种损失已经使植物适应气候变化的能力下降了60%，在一些地区降低了95%)”可知，非洲热带稀树草原象可以长距离携带植物种子，改变地理范围，但是目前濒临灭绝，第二段讲述了研究表明种子传播动物的丢失影响森林和其他自然生态系统的恢复力，使得植物适应气候变化的能力下降。由此推知，提到非洲热带草原象是为了强调问题。故选A。
107．细节理解题。根据最后一段的““Independent of climate change, rewilding has the potential to benefit our ecosystems, but in a changing climate, it has the added benefit of increasing the climate resilience of those ecosystems,” he says.(“不受气候变化的影响，野生化有可能有利于我们的生态系统，但在气候变化中，它的好处是提高这些生态系统的气候恢复力，”他说)”可知，Fricke从研究中得出野生化可以促进我们的生态系统的气候恢复力。故选B。
108．主旨大意题。第二段内容“Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢复力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. According to their research, this loss has already reduced the ability of plants to move in pace with climate change by 60 percent, and in some areas by as much as 95 percent.(丹麦和美国的研究人员发表了一项新的研究，研究了种子传播动物的丢失如何影响森林和其他自然生态系统的恢复力。根据他们的研究，这种损失已经使植物适应气候变化的能力下降了60%，在一些地区降低了95%)”和第四段的“Nevertheless, the poor conservation status of many seed-dispersing tropical animals puts plants in regions such as Southeast Asia and Madagascar most at risk today. Without the preservation of such animals, global seed dispersal could decline by a further 15 percent.(然而，如今许多散布种子的热带动物的保护状况不佳，使东南亚和马达加斯加等地区的植物处于危险中。如果不保护这类动物，全球的种子传播可能会进一步下降15%)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述传播种子的动物是必不可少的，对生态系统有益，但是这些动物目前处于危险中。由此可知，C项“传播种子的动物是必不可少的——受到威胁”为最佳标题。故选C。
109．A 110．C 111．B 112．D

【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述我们一直听说早餐是一天中最重要的一餐。根据发表在《营养与饮食学会杂志》上的一项研究，它实际上可能比之前想象的更重要。
109．推理判断题。根据第三段内容“The study consisted of 24,011 adults 40 years or older who participated from 1999 to 2014. Researchers looked at various eating behaviors of participants who self-reported their eating habits every 24 hours. Causes of death were tracked via death records through December 31, 2015.( 这项研究包括24011名40岁以上的成年人，他们在1999年至2014年期间参与了这项研究。研究人员观察了参与者的各种饮食行为，这些参与者每24小时自我报告一次他们的饮食习惯。通过截至2015年12月31日的死亡记录追踪死亡原因)”可知，本段讲述研究过程，和第四段内容“After examining participants throughout the years, researchers found that certain eating behaviors were in fact linked to higher rates of premature death. Eating only one meal per day was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality while skipping breakfast was linked to an increased risk of CVD mortality, and skipping lunch or dinner was linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Lastly, the study found that having meals too closely together (less than four and half hours apart) was also linked to all-cause premature death.(在对参与者进行了多年的研究后，研究人员发现，某些饮食行为实际上与更高的过早死亡率有关。每天只吃一顿饭与全因和心血管疾病死亡风险增加有关，而不吃早餐与心血管疾病死亡风险增加有关，不吃午餐或晚餐与全因死亡风险增加有关。最后，研究发现，进餐时间过近(间隔不到四个半小时)也与全因过早死亡有关)”可知，本段讲述研究发现，因此可知，三、四两段讲述研究过程和发现。故选A。
110．词义猜测题。根据前文“breakfast typically is a good vehicle for nutrients associated with a decrease in cardiovascular risk, such as fiber and vitamins(早餐通常是降低心血管疾病风险的营养物质的良好载体，比如纤维和维生素)”和下文“they are missing out on important nutrients their body needs, then long term that can be harmful to their health,” leads to a “higher risk for certain cancers and heart disease(他们失去了身体所需的重要营养物质，长此以往会对健康有害，“导致”患某些癌症和心脏病的风险更高)”可推断，早餐提供纤维和维生素，降低患心血管疾病的风险，下文说到错过了身体所需的重要物质，会导致患癌症和心脏病的奉献增高，因此推断划线部分表示：如果不吃早餐，划线词与C项“不做（应做的事等）”意思相近。故选C。
111．推理判断题。根据第五段的““At the end of the day what matters is that an individual can meet their nutritional needs for optimal (最佳) health,” explains Keri Gans(“在一天结束的时候，重要的是一个人能够满足他们对最佳健康的营养需求，”Keri Gans解释说)”可推断，摄入足够的营养是保持整体健康的关键。故选B。
112．推理判断题。根据第一段的“We’ve heard for years that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. But, it actually might be even more important than previously thought, according to a study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which examined the effects of skipping meals and meal frequency as related to mortality (死亡率) and heart health.( 多年来，我们一直听说早餐是一天中最重要的一餐。但是，根据发表在《营养与饮食学会杂志》上的一项研究，它实际上可能比我们之前想象的更重要，该研究调查了不吃饭和吃饭频率与死亡率和心脏健康的关系)”可知，作者认为早餐比我们想象中更重要，因此推断作者对于不吃早餐是反对的，故选D。
113．B 114．A 115．B

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要是私人租赁物业Homestead的广告
113．推理判断题。根据第一段“But a brand new full-service private rental property named Homestead is redefining(重新定义) modern living, making you feel at home. (但一个全新的全方位服务的私人租赁物业Homestead正在重新定义现代生活，让你有宾至如归的感觉。)”和最后一段“Visit Homestead and discover how full-service rental lets you make the most of homelike living.(访问Homestead，了解全方位服务租赁如何让您充分利用家般的生活。)可知，文章主要是私人租赁物业Homestead的广告，即文章的目的是为出租物业做广告。故选B。
114．细节理解题。根据Make hybrid work really work中的“As hybrid work, which focuses on the flexibility of working, is part of our lives now, the opportunity to shift between workspaces with ease is critical. (随着注重工作灵活性的混合工作成为我们生活的一部分，在不同工作空间之间轻松转换的机会至关重要。)”可知，Homestead通过提供共享工作空间让居民的混合工作更容易。故选A。
115．细节理解题。根据Feel at home中的“Not only are Homestead’s apartments beautifully designed and furnished to create a sense of relaxation and luxury, but the shared spaces for residents to use and socialise in—from the inviting reception area to the landscaped roof garden and stylish private dining rooms—all reflect a contemporary, high-quality reimagining of what renting ought to be. (Homestead的公寓不仅设计精美，家具齐全，营造出一种放松和奢华的感觉，而且居民使用和社交的共享空间——从诱人的接待区到景观化的屋顶花园和时尚的私人餐厅——都反映了对租房应有的当代高质量的重新想象。)”可知，Homestead使居民不用购买家具。故选B。
116．D 117．C 118．B 119．A

【导语】这是一篇记叙文，作者主要讲述了自己给巨额小费的经历和感悟。
116．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I had nothing smaller. And I had nothing else to offer but two chocolates from the wedding. So, I could tip the driver that $100 note or two chocolates. (我没有更小的了。除了婚礼上的两块巧克力，我没有别的礼物。所以，我可以给司机100美元或者两块巧克力)”可知，作者翻钱包时发现没有比100美元更小面额的钱，小费只能给100美元或者两块巧克力，而100美元作为小费太多，两块巧克力作为小费又太少。故选D。
117．推理判断题。前两段描述了作者在意大利给司机100美元小费的经历，结合第四段前两句“It reminded me of my 100-dollar tip. What if I had annoyed the driver? (这让我想起了我的100美元小费。如果我惹恼了司机怎么办？)”可知，作者提到在意大利给小费的事是为了说明这一举动有可能惹恼了司机。故选C。
118．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“To my surprise, the car company responded that the driver had actually called to express his gratitude for the unexpected big tip. (令我惊讶的是，汽车公司回应说，司机实际上是打电话来对意外的巨额小费表示感谢的)”可知，司机感谢作者的慷慨。故选B。
119．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What started out as a source of anxiety ended up being a heartwarming experience. I learned that sometimes it’s better to go with your feelings and be generous, even if it means taking a risk. (一开始是焦虑的来源，最后变成了一次温暖人心的经历。我明白了，有时候跟随自己的感觉、慷慨大方是更好的选择，即使这意味着要承担风险)”可推知，当你跟随自己的内心，好事就有可能发生，故选A。
120．C 121．D 122．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述生物学领域的一项新发现挑战了我们以前对地球上生命起源的认识，它表明生命实际上可能是在极端环境中开始的。
120．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They discovered that it contained a complex network of organic molecules (分子), including amino acids (氨基酸) and other building blocks of life.(他们发现它含有一个复杂的有机分子网络，包括氨基酸和其他生命的组成部分)”可知，科学家在热泉的液体中发现了能够维持生命的物质。故选C。
121．细节理解题。根据第四段中“However, the new evidence from the hydrothermal vent system suggests that life may have actually begun in an extreme environment, where survival was only possible through the development of original biochemical pathways.(然而，来自深海热泉系统的新证据表明，生命实际上可能是在极端环境中开始的，在那里，生存只能通过原始生化途径的发展变得可能)”可知，新的发现表明，原始的生化途径可以在恶劣的条件下发生，故选D。
122．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It is a testament to the power of scientific exploration and the incredible complexity of life on Earth. As we continue to explore the depths of the ocean and the vast expanse of space, who knows what other surprises and discoveries lie in store.(它证明了科学探索的力量和地球上生命的不可思议的复杂性。随着我们继续探索海洋深处和广阔的太空，谁知道还有什么惊喜和发现在等待着我们)”可知，这些新发现激励我们进一步探索未知。故选C。
123．A 124．C 125．D 126．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种现象——说服疲劳，分析了其产生的原因，并介绍了解决的方法。
123．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“You want to convince a friend or a family member of something you know they may disagree, and you share information and walk through your reasoning with them. Still, they reject your case. How do you react when your powers of persuasion fail? You might dismiss the person who doesn’t agree with your arguments as narrow-minded, foolish or otherwise out of touch with reality. The whole experience may feel like trying to guide someone on a journey when they refuse to follow. Psychologists have created a term, persuasion fatigue, to describe this form of frustration(懊恼).(你想说服你的朋友或家人，你知道他们可能不同意，你分享信息，并与他们解释你的理由。尽管如此，他们还是拒绝了你的申请。当你的说服力失效时，你会作何反应？你可能会认为不同意你观点的人心胸狭窄、愚蠢或与现实脱节。整个经历可能就像在别人拒绝跟随的时候试图引导他们旅行。心理学家创造了一个术语，说服疲劳，来描述这种形式的懊恼。)”可知，说服疲劳指的是当你尽力说服对方，却发现一切努力都是徒劳的时候所产生的懊恼感。故选A。
124．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Past research demonstrates that feeling frustrated can make you more resistant to changing your mind. It also shows that frustration may reduce your ability to recognize why your arguments don’t succeed.(过去的研究表明，感到沮丧会让你更不愿意改变主意。它还表明，沮丧可能会降低你认识到为什么你的论点不成功的能力。)”可知，这种沮丧感会让你不愿意改变主意，也会让你无法认清自己的说服不成功的真实的原因。故选C。
125．推理判断题。根据文中所引用的马克·吐温所说的话的前一句“Persuasion fatigue also explains why, when debates break down, people tend to blame their conversational opponent.(说服疲劳也解释了为什么当辩论破裂时，人们倾向于指责他们的对话对手。)”以及马克·吐温所说的话“In all matters of opinion, our opponents are insane(愚蠢的).(在所有的观点问题上，我们的对手都是愚蠢的)”可知，作者引用马克·吐温所说的话是为了论证自己的观点，也就是当辩论不成功时，人们倾向于指责自己的谈话对方。故选D。
126．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But sometimes you’re better off seeing an argument as a cooperative effort to find the truth—less like angry neighbours fighting over their property line.  (但有时，你最好把争论看作是一种寻找真相的合作努力，而不是像愤怒的邻居为他们的财产线而争吵一样。)”可知，在处理说服疲劳时，我们可以把争论视作寻找共同点。故选B。