2023年上海市建平中学高三下学期高考三模考试英语试卷含答案解析

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2023学年第二学期建平中学5月英语模拟考
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

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1. A. $30. B. $27. C. $20. D. $10.
2. A. He may feel better soon. B. He doesn’t like to take pills.
C. He may not be able to wake up on time. D. He may want to take the pills without food.
3. A. Post her the paper after the deadline.
B. Hand in a handwritten draft of the paper.
C. Attend a conference with her two weeks later.
D. Complete the course without handing in the paper.
4. A. Lose some weight. B. Shop for new clothes.
C. Have his jeans altered. D. Wear clothes that fit better.
5. A. Sharpen the man’s pencil. B. Ask the model to move his arm.
C. Give the man a new sheet of paper. D. Show the man a drawing technique.
6. A. Disappointed. B. Curious. C. Satisfied. D. Casual.
7. A. He’d like some help at the baggage counter.
B. He doesn’t know the woman ahead of him.
C. He was permitted to carry one extra bag.
D. He is carrying someone else’s suitcase.
8. A. Some of her colleagues may not take part in the program.
B. A few of them are allowed to participate in the training.
C. All her colleagues have agreed to go for the program.
D. Employees are all required to receive the training.
9. A. She would rather take a direct train.
B. It doesn’t take long to get to Chongqing.
C. She doesn’t care how long the trip takes.
D. Taking an airplane might be more practical.
10. A. If he has more than a dollar.
B. If he makes a phone call first.
C. If he finds the change machine.
D. If he buys something from her.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。11.
A. The origin of shopping malls. B. The location of shopping malls.
C. The inventor of shopping malls. D. The prospect of shopping malls.
12.
A. They were roofless buildings.
B. They mainly housed specialty shops.
C. They had a certain kind of landscape.
D. They provided indoor parking service.
13.
A. People loved wandering from shop to shop.
B. The shops didn’t need to keep out bad weather.
C. Shoppers were more comfortable in such shops.
D. Malls could contain much more than just shops.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。14
A. How the London Underground system developed.
B. What the London Underground Drawing office did.
C. What the London Underground platforms were like.
D. How the London Underground map came into being.
15.
A. Accurate information about distance. B. Time of the first and the last trains.
C. The number of station entrances. D. Locations of the stations.
16.
A. Original and clear. B. Simple but advanced.
C. Attractive but misleading. D. Old-fashioned and complex.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。17.
A. To fight against violent action.
B. To explore new ways of studying animals.
C. To stop animal being used for medical research.
D. To highlight the protection of endangered animals.
18.
A. It might be the most efficient way to free animals
B. The damage done in this case might not be so terrible.
C. It might not be such a serious crime in the eyes of the law
D. The cost of setting up the lab might discourage the firm from doing so.
19.
A. Evidence was found that no actual animal cruelty did happen
B. Evidence was found that the scientists didn’t obey certain rules.
C. The scientists couldn’t afford to find animals again for the research
D. The scientists were believed to have been involved in illegal action.
20.
A. It is not their original intention.
B. It does bring them much trouble.
C. It has made their life difficult.
D. It is what they apologise for.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Frugality (节俭) Is Back in Fashion
“If you buy things you do not need, soon you will have to sell things you need.” This is a piece of sage advice from Warren Buffet, arguably ____21____ of the greatest financial minds of the 21st century. Many young people today appear to be taking these words very much to heart, especially in the present economic climate.
While the idea of being frugal has long been a part of Eastern culture, the relatively recent growth of wealth in China as well as the ease of purchasing ____22____ (lead) to increased consumerism for many across the country. Not only are businesses today offering a more diverse range of products, but internet algorithms are also matching our shopping patterns to big data sets—both of ____23____ are meant to tempt people into buying more stuff than they need. Yet this increased consumption of goods has been pushing up the prices of certain bare essentials such as housing, transportation and food, ____24____(force) people to reevaluate their priorities while spending money. It is no wonder that being thrifty is once again becoming a dominant trend ____25____ young people.
Despite the annoyances ____26____ (cause) by algorithms, the internet is flooded with advice on where one ____27____ save money as well as good opinions about how they should spend their money. It makes sense to prioritize goods and services that directly affect your health and well-being, while limiting those that are fancy but not entirely necessary.
Hopefully, we all fully understand at this point ____28____ the resources on this planet are indeed limited. A continuous growth model is by no means sustainable. As a matter of fact, we already use about 1.8 Earth’s worth of renewable resources every year. ____29____ every one of us decided to consume as much as the average American does, we would be using more than four Earth’s worth of renewable resources annually. As a result, the choice (forced or not) to be frugal is not only good for one’s wallet, but also beneficial to the planet in the long run.
If you have ever chosen to starve yourself _____30_____ (get) a pair of limited-edition sneakers, it is high time that you started making changes for the sake of yourself and for all humanity.
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. steadily B. predicts C. biology D. temporary E. dramatic F. recovers
G. permanent H. grounded I. expansion J. formed K. kindly
Teens Are Still Developing Empathy Skills
The teen years are often full of door-slamming, eye-rolling and seeming insensitivity, even by kids who behaved ____31____ before. Some parents worry that they are doing something wrong or that their children will never think of anyone but themselves. A six-year study published in Developmental Psychology shows that ____32____ is partly to blame.
In adolescence, critical social skills that are needed for one to feel concern for other people and to understand how they think are undergoing major changes. Adolescence has long been known as prime time for developing cognitive skills for self-regulation and executive function.
“Cognitive empathy,” or the mental ability to take others’ perspective, begins to rise ____33____ in girls at the age of 13, according to the study co-authored by Jolien van der Graaff at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. By comparison, boys do not begin until the age of 15 to show increases in perspective-taking, which helps in problem-solving and avoiding conflict.
Adolescent boys actually show a ____34____ decline, between the ages of 13 and 16, in a related skill—“affective empathy,” or the ability to recognize and respond to others’ feelings. This may be the result, at least in part, of a ____35____ rise in the primary male sex hormone, during adolescence, which sparks a desire for dominance and power. Fortunately, the boys’ sensitivity ____36____ in their late teens. Girls’ affective empathy remains relatively high and stable throughout adolescence.
This doesn’t mean, however, that we can do nothing but just wait for teenagers to develop a feeling of empathy. In fact, parents can help instill(灌输) affective empathy into their children. Affective empathy is ____37____ in marginal region of the brain, which regulates emotions. This capacity begins to develop in infancy. Children learn to practice empathy by watching their parents and by experiencing it themselves—being well treated by adults who sensitively respond to their emotions. While cognitive empathy arises from a different part of the brain, the two abilities are linked. Children’s affective empathy ____38____ their level of cognitive empathy as teens.
The findings reflect a major ____39____ in researchers’ understanding of cognitive growth during adolescence. They used to believe that both forms of empathy were fully _____40_____ in childhood. Now, it is clear that “the brain regions that support social cognition, which helps us successfully understand and interact with others, continue to change dramatically” in our teens, says Jennifer Pfeifer at the University of Oregon. Research in her lab also suggests that cognitive empathy rises in teens. The discoveries serve as a new lens for exploring such teen behavior as bullying and drug abuse.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

For years, psychologists have known how to measure the intelligence of individuals, but only recently have they begun to investigate the issue of group intelligence. This notion stems from the observation that some groups seem to work ____41____ across tasks, even tasks that are not very similar. Early investigations suggest that group intelligence is not the ____42____ of the intelligence of the individuals in it. So what is the secret to their success?
Researchers at Google have tackled this question and they believe they finally ____43____ what makes some teams successful. In the Google study researchers collected thousands of data points on hundreds of groups and combed through them trying to find ____44____. Are the members of effective groups friends outside of work? Do groups whose members have similar personalities or backgrounds work together ____45____? Does gender make a difference? They put forward many theories but found no patterns to support them. In fact, who was in the group apparently did not seem to make a difference; ____46____, the difference between more and less effective groups seemed to lie in the ____47____ among the members.
Among the findings, the most significant is that, in effective groups, members spoke for a roughly equal amount of time — not at every meeting or interaction, but across the course of a ____48____. A second finding was that members displayed empathy, an understanding of how it might feel to walk in someone else’s shoes.
There were additional findings that support these general ones. ____49____, in effective groups, members face one another directly when they speak, and they use energetic and enthusiastic gestures. They also communicate _____50_____ with one another, not just through the leader or manager of the group. In fact, the study found that side conversations between individual members during meetings, far from being a _____51_____, actually increased the group’s productivity. All the findings _____52_____ the importance of having face-to-face meetings instead of phone calls, teleconferences, or email communications. The positive behaviors uncovered in the study occur primarily or exclusively in face-to-face interaction.
One might _____53_____ that most of these findings are extremely obvious, and needless to say, good managers have probably always understood these principles. Our social and professional lives, however, are not always structured in ways that facilitate the kind of interaction that apparently _____54_____ effective group performance. Understanding group _____55_____ can help businesses and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance.
41. A. poorly B. intensively C. fantastically D. dominantly
42. A. quality B. sum C. role D. trace
43. A. marvel at B. look into C. figure out D. delight in
44. A. behaviors B. fulfillment C. diagnosis D. patterns
45. A. best B. on average C. below average D. worst
46. A. furthermore B. instead C. consequently D. obviously
47. A. persuasion B. imitation C. interaction D. moderation
48. A. regulation B. project C. scale D. transition
49. A. For example B. On the contrary C. In other words D. In theory
50. A. roughly B. steadily C. neutrally D. directly
51. A. distraction B. isolation C. supervision D. exhaustion
52. A. overlook B. highlight C. dedicate D. categorize
53. A. advocate B. argue C. command D. regret
54. A. reverses B. stocks C. underlines D. captures
55. A. perspective B. performance C. persistence D. intelligence
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. Every questions are provided with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Mime (哑剧) opens up a new world to the beholder, but it does so insidiously (隐匿地), not by purposely injecting points of interest in the manner of a tour guide. Audiences are not unlike visitors to a foreign land who discover that the modes, manners, and thoughts of its inhabitants are not meaningless oddities, but are sensible in context.
I remember once when an audience seemed puzzled at what I was doing. At first, I tried to gain a more immediate response by using slight exaggerations. I soon realized that these actions had nothing to do with the audience’s understanding of the character. What I had believed to be a failure of the audience to respond in the manner I expected was, in fact, only their concentration on what I was doing; they were enjoying a gradual awakening — a slow transition of their understanding from their own time and place to one that appeared so unexpectedly before their eyes. This was evidenced by their growing response to succeeding numbers.
Mime is an elusive art, as its expression is entirely dependent on the ability of the performer to imagine a character and to re-create that character for each performance. As a mime, I am a physical medium, the instrument upon which the figures of my imagination play their dance of life. The individuals in my audience also have responsibilities—they must be alert collaborators. They cannot sit back, mindlessly self-content, and wait to have their emotions aroused by fantastic musical sounds or visual rhythms or acrobatic feats, or by words that tell them what to think. Mime is an art that, paradoxically, appeals both to those who respond instinctively to entertainment and to those whose appreciation is more analytical and complex.
Between these extremes lie those audiences conditioned to resist any collaboration with what is played before them, and these the mime must charm despite themselves. There is only one way to attack those reluctant minds—take them unaware! They will be delighted at an unexpected pleasure.
56. The author compares mime artist with tour guide because both ________.
A. bring others to strange places B. explore new means of self-expression
C. employ artistic methods to communicate D. shape the way others perceive a new situation
57. The author most likely includes the incident described in paragraph 2 in order to ________.
A. show how challenging the career of a mime can be
B. eliminate some misconceptions about what a mime is like
C. portray the intensity required to see the audience’s point of view
D. indicate the adjustments an audience must make in watching mime
58. The underlined word “elusive” in paragraph 3 most probably means ________.
A. easy to summarize B. difficult to define
C. hard to comment D. natural to imitate
59. According to the passage, which of the following is important to the artistic success of mime?
A. Effective combination of various dramatic elements. B. Incorporation of realistic details.
C. Audience involvement. D. Large audiences.
(B)
Many questions can be expected in advance and it’s wise to have some well-constructed answers that you can tailor more closely on the day. It’s sensible to have a number of key phrases to use. Remember to always try and make your answers positive.
Q1: Tell me about yourself. (The interviewer is really saying “I want to hear you talk.”)
A1: This is just to get things started, but it is a very common question. Write a script, and practice it so that it sounds natural. Spend a maximum of four minutes describing your qualifications, career history and your range of skills. Emphasize those skills that are relevant to the job on offer.
Q2: What have been your achievements to date? (The interviewer is saying “Are you an achiever?”)
A2: Again, this is a common question, so be prepared. Select an achievement that is experience-related and fairly recent. Identify skills you used in this achievement and say what the results were.
Q3: What do you like about your present job? (The interviewer is really trying to find out whether you will enjoy the things the new job has to offer.)
A3: This is a straightforward question. All you have to make sure is that your ‘likes’ correspond to the skills etc. required for the job on offer. Be positive, describe your job as interesting and diverse, but do not overdo it. After all, you are leaving?
Q4: What are your strengths? (The interviewer simply wants a straightforward answer as to what you are good at.)
A4: This is the one question that you are definitely going to get, so there is no excuse for being unprepared. Concentrate on discussing your main strengths. List three or four explanations of how they could benefit the employer. Strengths to consider include technical proficiency; ability to learn quickly; determination to succeed; positive attitude; your ability to relate to people and achieve a common goal. You may be asked to give examples of the above, so be prepared.
Q5: Tell me about the most difficult situation you’ve had to face and how you handled it.
(The interview is really trying to find out your definition of “difficult” and whether you can show a logical approach to problem solving using your initiative.)
A5: This can be a trap! To avoid it, select a difficult work situation that was not caused by you and which can be quickly explained in a few sentences. Explain how you defined the problem, what the options were, why you selected the one you did and what the outcome was. Always end on a positive note.
60 The passage is mainly intended to ________.
A. highlight the importance of looking positive in an interview
B. give suggestions on how to answer interview questions
C. provide some sample answers to interview questions
D. illustrate how to look confident in an interview
61. When asked about what you think of your present job, you’d better ________.
A. talk about what you dislike about it
B comment positively on your colleagues
C. relates it to the job you are applying for
D. describe how interesting it is as far as possible
62. If an interviewer wants to know whether you can solve a problem properly, what will he ask?
A. Tell me about yourself?
B. Tell me about your strengths?
C. What have been your achievements to date?
D. How did you handle the most difficult situation?
(C)
The latest bad but unsurprising news on education is that reading and writing scores on the SAT have once again declined. The language competence of our high schoolers fell steeply in the 1970s and has never recovered. This is very worrisome, because the best single measure of the overall quality of our primary and secondary schools is the average verbal(语言的) score of 17-year-olds. This score correlates with the ability to learn new things readily, to communicate with others and to secure a job. It also predicts future income.
The most credible analyses have shown that the chief causes are vast curricular changes, especially in the critical early grades. In the decades before the Great Verbal Decline, a content-rich elementary school experience evolved into a content-light, skills-based, test-centered approach. Cognitive psychologists agree that early childhood language learning (ages 2 to 10) is critical to later verbal competence, not just because of the remarkable linguistic plasticity of young minds, but also because of the so-called Matthew Effect.
The name comes from a passage in the Bible: “For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath.” Those who are language-poor in early childhood get relatively poorer, and fall further behind, while the verbally rich get richer.
The origin of this cruel truth lies in the nature of word learning. The more words you already know, the faster you acquire new words. This sounds like an invitation to vocabulary study for babies, but that’s been tried and it’s not effective. Most of the word meanings we know are acquired indirectly, by intuitively(凭直觉的) guessing new meanings as we understand the main idea of what we are hearing or reading. The Matthew Effect in language can be restated this way: “To those who understand the main idea shall be given new word meanings, but to those who do not there shall follow boredom and frustration.”
Clearly the key is to make sure that from kindergarten on, every student, from the start, understands the main idea of what is heard or read. If preschoolers and kindergartners are offered substantial and coherent lessons concerning the human and natural worlds, then the results show up five years or so later in significantly improved verbal scores. By staying on a subject long enough to make all young children familiar with it (say, two weeks or so), the main idea becomes understood by all and word learning speeds up. This is especially important for low-income children, who come to school with smaller vocabularies and rely on school to pass on the knowledge base children from rich families take for granted.
Current reform strategies focus on testing, improving teacher quality, and other changes. Attention to these structural issues has led to improvements in the best public schools. But it is not enough.
63. The drop in verbal scores on the SAT is worrisome because ________.
A. it will lead to a short supply of talents in the labor market
B. it reveals young people’s negative attitude towards verbal study
C. it shows the schools’ inability to meet the national requirements
D. students’ reading and writing ability affects their future development
64. Which of the following is the reason for the falling verbal competence?
A. Children’s lack of language learning ability.
B. Fewer courses on reading and writing in school.
C. The shift of curricular focus from content to skills.
D. Heavy pressure that numerous tests have resulted in.
65. The implication of Mathew Effect in language is that ________.
A. children should be trained to understand the content
B. teachers should focus on one topic in language teaching
C. children’s family background determines their verbal ability
D. teachers should make everything understandable for students
66. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Mathew Effect in Language Learning
B. How to Stop the Drop in Verbal Scores
C. Try to Understand the Main Idea
D. Don’t Overestimate Your Verbal Scores
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Is Fairtrade fair?
Fairtrade Foundation, an international foundation committed to fair trade, does what it says on the bottle: it is about better prices for farmers and workers in developing countries. Fairtrade addresses the injustices of conventional trade, which too often leaves the poorest, weakest producers earning less than it costs them to grow their crops. It’s a bit like a national minimum wage for global trade. ____67____
Free-market economists complain that Fairtrade benefits only a small number of farmers, disadvantaging those outside. This is plain wrong. ____68____ Research in Bolivia, for example, found that coffee producers outside Fairtrade were able to negotiate higher prices: Fairtrade had become a price setter. Fairtrade farmers also share their knowledge in trading. For those inside the system, our research shows that through the minimum price guarantee, farmers have more secure and stable incomes.
Other critics ask why we are working with retailers or big brands like Starbucks. ____69____So we are unapologetic in our commitment to scale up. By doing so, moreover, we begin to affect all business behaviour.
____70____We recognise that many farmers in the UK face similar issues to farmers elsewhere, but Fairtrade was established specifically to support the most disadvantaged producers in the world—like the tea-growers of Malawi, who don’t even have drinking water in their villages. I always buy my cheese, pears and carrots from my local farmers’ market—and enjoy Fairtrade bananas, tea and coffee. It’s two sides of the same movement to put people back at the heart of trade. Surely, you cannot say fairer than that.
A. In fact, the evidence suggests the opposite is true.
B. It is not entirely perfect, but a step in the right direction.
C. A favourite question is why we don’t work with UK farmers.
D. Fairtrade is the way forward, one keeping poor producers like myself earning a living.
E. Our answer is that only by mainstreaming Fairtrade will we be able to reach more producers.
F. Fairtrade may do some good in some circumstances, but it does not deserve the unique status it claims for itself.
IV. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 
Multi-tasking
Are you a multitasker? Do you watch TV and cook dinner at the same time? Do you often interrupt your work to check your email? Do you talk on your phone while you’re driving? If you do these or similar things, then you are one of many multitaskers. According to a survey by the magazine Scientific American MIND, 90 percent of American adults multitask regularly.
Most people say they multitask because they are too busy and multitasking saves time. Popular electronic devices like tablets and smart phones make it convenient to do several tasks at once, so people feel like they are getting more done. Melissa Brown of Evanston, Illinois, says she has no trouble listening to music, surfing the Internet, and sending text messages to friends while she does her homework.
Recent studies, however, show that Melissa and others like her are perhaps getting less done than they think they are. That’s because with multitasking, there are actually many “microinterruptions” in which people stop one task, start another, and eventually return to the first one. These stops and starts make it difficult to concentrate, and so multitaskers actually waste time, according to a study at Microsoft Corporation. In the study, workers who interrupted their work to answer an email or text message took an average of 15 minutes to return to the work they were doing before the interruption.
Some psychologists say that the human brain just isn’t good at concentrating on two things at the same time. This doesn’t matter if you’re only preparing a salad and listening to the radio, they say. But if you’re doing a difficult task that requires thinking, like writing a report, then multitasking can slow you down and cause mistakes. It can even be dangerous, as in the case of people who talk on the phone, eat, or even apply makeup while driving.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V．Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 春日阳光和煦，人们不禁想要出去走走(so…that ) （汉译英）
73. 最近这位学者声名大噪，不断有国际会议邀请他去发表演讲。(deliver) （汉译英）
74. 这款应用软件无需消费者下载音乐便可享受音乐，自发布以来已经占据了市场的半壁江山。(without) （汉译英）
75. 这座公园设施陈旧，疏于管理，荒草丛生，经改造后，却让人眼前一亮。(absence) （汉译英）
VI. Guided Writing
76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
最近明启中学对教师是否会被人工智能取代这一话题开展了调查，调查结果如下图。假如你是该校高三学生李华，请就此话题谈谈你的看法，写一篇150-180的作文，文章内容需涵盖：

1.简要描述图表；
2.你认为教师是否会被人工智能取代；
3.你的理由。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2023学年第二学期建平中学5月英语模拟考
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. $30. B. $27. C. $20. D. $10.
【答案】B
【原文】M: How much are the roses?
W: Thirty dollars a dozen, but I can give you a ten-percent discount. They are on sale today.
Q: How much should the man pay for a dozen roses?
2. A. He may feel better soon. B. He doesn’t like to take pills.
C. He may not be able to wake up on time. D. He may want to take the pills without food.
【答案】D
【原文】W: Take two pills three times a day. And you shouldn’t take them on an empty stomach.
M: What if I don’t have an appetite.
Q: What does the man imply?
3. A. Post her the paper after the deadline.
B. Hand in a handwritten draft of the paper.
C. Attend a conference with her two weeks later.
D. Complete the course without handing in the paper.
【答案】A
【原文】M: Professor Jones, last night when I was putting the finishing touches on my paper, there was suddenly a power failure. Do you think I can have another day to retype it?
W: I am sorry, Steven. I am leaving for a conference tomorrow, and I will be away for two weeks. I suppose you could mail it to me there.
Q: What will the professor probably allow the student to do?
4. A. Lose some weight. B. Shop for new clothes.
C. Have his jeans altered. D. Wear clothes that fit better.
【答案】A
【原文】M: I am having trouble fitting into my jeans. Looks like I have to get some new ones.
W: But you wouldn’t have to do that if you just cut down on what you eat.
Q: What does the woman imply the man should do?
5. A. Sharpen the man’s pencil. B. Ask the model to move his arm.
C. Give the man a new sheet of paper. D. Show the man a drawing technique.
【答案】D
【原文】M: I am having trouble draw the model’s right arm.
W: To get the perspective you want, you need to use what we call foreshortening. Here, give me your pencil.
Q: What will the woman most probably do next?
6. A. Disappointed. B. Curious. C. Satisfied. D. Casual.
【答案】C
【原文】M: How are you getting on with your experiment?
W: In spite of my continuous failure, I have already made some progress.
Q: How does the woman feel about her experiment?
7. A. He’d like some help at the baggage counter.
B He doesn’t know the woman ahead of him.
C. He was permitted to carry one extra bag.
D. He is carrying someone else’s suitcase.
【答案】D
【原文】W: I am sorry, Sir. But you are allowed only one piece of luggage on the plane. You have to check in one of your suitcases at the baggage counter.
M: Actually, one of these belongs to the woman up ahead. I am just giving her a hand.
Q: What does the man mean?
8. A. Some of her colleagues may not take part in the program.
B. A few of them are allowed to participate in the training.
C. All her colleagues have agreed to go for the program.
D. Employees are all required to receive the training.
【答案】A
【原文】M: I guess all our colleagues are participating this training program.
W: I am not quite sure. Not everyone has given a definite reply in their emails to me.
Q: What does the women mean?
9. A. She would rather take a direct train.
B. It doesn’t take long to get to Chongqing.
C. She doesn’t care how long the trip takes.
D. Taking an airplane might be more practical.
【答案】D
【原文】M: We’ve got to be in Chongqing by Saturday. We could take the train, but we’ll have to change a few times.
W: A direct flight would be a lot less complicated. And maybe even cheaper.
Q: What does the woman mean?
10. A. If he has more than a dollar.
B. If he makes a phone call first.
C. If he finds the change machine.
D. If he buys something from her.
【答案】D
【原文】M: Miss, can you give me change for a dollar so that I can make a phone call at the callbox.
W: Sorry, sir. I am not allowed to give change without a purchase. But you’ll find a change machine in front of the jewelry store.
Q: In which situation can the woman give the man some change?
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。11.
A. The origin of shopping malls. B. The location of shopping malls.
C. The inventor of shopping malls. D. The prospect of shopping malls.
12.
A. They were roofless buildings.
B. They mainly housed specialty shops.
C. They had a certain kind of landscape.
D. They provided indoor parking service.
13.
A. People loved wandering from shop to shop.
B. The shops didn’t need to keep out bad weather.
C. Shoppers were more comfortable in such shops.
D. Malls could contain much more than just shops.
【答案】11. A 12. C 13. B
【原文】Victor Green, an American architect, revolutionized shopping in the 1950s by creating the type of shopping center that we now call a shopping mall. Green’s aim was to provide a pleasant, quiet and spacious shopping environment with large car parks, which usually meant building in suburbs. He also wanted people to be able to shop in all kinds of weather. He insisted on using building designs that he knew people would feel comfortable with, but please them in landscaped streets that were entirely enclosed and often covered with a curved glass roof. This was done to imitate some of the older shopping areas of city centers. But while these housed only small specialty shops, Green’s shopping malls were on a much grander scale. Access to the whole shopping mass was gained by using the main doors, which separated the shopping streets from the parking areas outside. As there was no need to keep out bad weather, shops no longer needed windows and doors and people could wander freely from shop to shop. In many cities shopping malls now contain much more than just shops. Cinemas, restaurants and other forms of entertainment are also growing in popularity.
1. What is the passage mainly about?
2. Which of the following is true according to Victor Green’s idea of shopping malls?
3. Why did shops in malls no longer need windows and doors?
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。14.
A. How the London Underground system developed.
B. What the London Underground Drawing office did.
C. What the London Underground platforms were like.
D. How the London Underground map came into being.
15.
A. Accurate information about distance. B. Time of the first and the last trains.
C. The number of station entrances. D. Locations of the stations.
16.
A. Original and clear. B. Simple but advanced.
C. Attractive but misleading. D. Old-fashioned and complex.
【答案】14. D 15. A 16. A
【原文】 Many people would agree that the London Underground map is extremely well-designed. It is not only simple and easy to understand but also quite attractive. And most importantly, it performs its primary task of guiding both Londoners and tourists round the underground system in the city very well. The man behind this great achievement was called Henry Beck. He was an employee of the London underground drawing office, and first came up with his design for the map in 1931. The map which had been in use before 1931 was messy and unclear. Beck decided that a traditional map which gave accurate information about distance was not necessary for the underground, and instead produced a diagram which showed only the stations on the underground system. This new map was an enormous success with the public. When in 1933, it made its first appearance on the underground platforms and at the station entrances. The design of the map showed great originality because it provided a very clear representation of a highly complex network of communication. Beck’s approach was later adopted by most of the world underground system.
1. What is the passage mainly about?
2. Which element of the old map didn’t appear on Henry Beck’s map?
3. What does the speaker think of the design of the map?
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。17.
A. To fight against violent action.
B. To explore new ways of studying animals.
C. To stop animal being used for medical research.
D. To highlight the protection of endangered animals.
18.
A. It might be the most efficient way to free animals
B. The damage done in this case might not be so terrible.
C. It might not be such a serious crime in the eyes of the law
D. The cost of setting up the lab might discourage the firm from doing so.
19.
A. Evidence was found that no actual animal cruelty did happen
B Evidence was found that the scientists didn’t obey certain rules.
C. The scientists couldn’t afford to find animals again for the research
D. The scientists were believed to have been involved in illegal action.
20.
A. It is not their original intention.
B. It does bring them much trouble.
C. It has made their life difficult.
D. It is what they apologise for.
【答案】17. C 18. D 19. B 20. A
【原文】W: Two members of the animal defence group, the ADG, are suspected of being involved in an attack on a medical research laboratory last night. Today I am joined in the studio by Nick Davidson, who is also a member of the ADG, and their spokesperson. Good morning!
M: Good morning!
W: How can you possibly justify the actions of your colleagues, who broke into the lab last night and caused such criminal damage?
M: Well, you say it’s criminal damage, but using animals in experiments is a crime.
W: You mean destroying the equipment used to help find cures for diseases isn’t a crime?
M: Yes, it is a crime in the eyes of law, but the reason we do that is to make it really expensive for the firms to use animals in experiments. They might think it is too expensive to set up the experiment all over again.
W: I see, so you completely support this kind of direct action.
M: Absolutely. Direct action is one of the many things you can do to highlight the cause of animal suffering. However, there are also completely peaceful ways of protesting. For example, I am a vegetarian, and I don’t buy anything that has been tested on animals.
W: And have you yourself been involved in any type of illegal action?
M: Yes. I poured red paint over fur coats in a clothes shop and I have been involved in an attack on a laboratory.
W: What happened at the laboratory?
M: We broke in and looked for evidence of the animal cruelty involved. The evidence we found actually put a stop to the research in that particular laboratory, because it wasn’t being conducted in an acceptable way. There are rules to be obeyed, even for animal testing. And we found that scientists were not following these rules.
W: But this sort of violence just gives the animal rights movement a bad name, doesn’t it？
M: We don’t agree with violence. Yes, we make life as difficult as possible for the scientists, but we don’t aim to hurt them. Where people have been accidentally injured, we have apologized as harming people is not our intention.
W: I’ll have to stop you there, Mr. Davidson. Thank you for coming in.
1. What is the ADG intended to do?
2. According to the man, why did the ADG members destroy the lab equipment?
3. Why did the scientists stop the research after the man and his colleague broke into their lab?
4. What does the man say about the bad name the ADG action has given to the animal rights movement?
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Frugality (节俭) Is Back in Fashion
“If you buy things you do not need, soon you will have to sell things you need.” This is a piece of sage advice from Warren Buffet, arguably ____21____ of the greatest financial minds of the 21st century. Many young people today appear to be taking these words very much to heart, especially in the present economic climate.
While the idea of being frugal has long been a part of Eastern culture, the relatively recent growth of wealth in China as well as the ease of purchasing ____22____ (lead) to increased consumerism for many across the country. Not only are businesses today offering a more diverse range of products, but internet algorithms are also matching our shopping patterns to big data sets—both of ____23____ are meant to tempt people into buying more stuff than they need. Yet this increased consumption of goods has been pushing up the prices of certain bare essentials such as housing, transportation and food, ____24____(force) people to reevaluate their priorities while spending money. It is no wonder that being thrifty is once again becoming a dominant trend ____25____ young people.
Despite the annoyances ____26____ (cause) by algorithms, the internet is flooded with advice on where one ____27____ save money as well as good opinions about how they should spend their money. It makes sense to prioritize goods and services that directly affect your health and well-being, while limiting those that are fancy but not entirely necessary.
Hopefully, we all fully understand at this point ____28____ the resources on this planet are indeed limited. A continuous growth model is by no means sustainable. As a matter of fact, we already use about 1.8 Earth’s worth of renewable resources every year. ____29____ every one of us decided to consume as much as the average American does, we would be using more than four Earth’s worth of renewable resources annually. As a result, the choice (forced or not) to be frugal is not only good for one’s wallet, but also beneficial to the planet in the long run.
If you have ever chosen to starve yourself _____30_____ (get) a pair of limited-edition sneakers, it is high time that you started making changes for the sake of yourself and for all humanity.
【答案】21. one
22. has led
23. which 24. forcing
25. among##for
26. caused 27. can##should
28. that 29. If
30. to get
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是在当前的经济形势下，节俭的生活方式开始流行。
【21题详解】
考查代词。句意：这是沃伦·巴菲特(Warren Buffet)睿智的建议，他可以说是21世纪最伟大的金融头脑之一。分析句子结构可知，此处为Warren Buffet的同位语，结合句意可知，此处指的是“Warren Buffet是最伟大的金融头脑之一”，所以使用代词one。故填one。
【22题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：虽然节俭的观念长期以来一直是东方文化的一部分，但中国财富的相对近期增长以及购物的便利性导致全国许多人的消费主义增加。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据句意和时间状语for many across the country可知，此处应表示对现在造成的影响，所以使用现在完成时，与句子主语“the relatively recent growth of wealth in China as well as the ease of purchasing”之间为主动关系，且as well as连接主语时，谓语动词形式取决于前者，所以主语核心部分为名词单数。故填has led。
【23题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：如今，不仅企业提供了更多样化的产品，而且互联网算法也将我们的购物模式与大数据集相匹配——这两种方式都是为了诱使人们购买比他们需要的更多的东西。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少介词宾语，所以使用关系代词，先行词指事物。故填which。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，商品消费的增加推高了住房、交通和食品等某些基本必需品的价格，迫使人们在花钱时重新评估自己的优先事项。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，force与其逻辑主语this increased consumption of goods之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式。故填forcing。
【25题详解】
考查介词。句意：毫无疑问，节俭再次成为年轻人中的主流趋势。分析句子结构可知，此处为介词与空后内容构成介宾短语，结合句意可知，此处表示“在……之间”或“对……来说”均可，所以使用介词among或for。故填among/for。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管算法让人烦恼，但互联网上到处都是关于如何省钱的建议，以及如何花钱的好主意。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，cause与其所修饰词之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填caused。
【27题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：尽管算法让人烦恼，但互联网上到处都是关于如何省钱的建议，以及如何花钱的好主意。分析句子结构可知，空后为动词原形且无提示词，应为情态动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“能够”应为can或表“应该”为should。故填can/should。
【28题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：希望在这一点上，我们都充分理解这个星球上的资源确实是有限的。分析句子结构可知，此处为宾语从句作understand的宾语，从句中不缺主语和宾语，且句意完整。故填that。
【29题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：如果我们每个人都决定像普通美国人那样消费，我们每年将使用超过四个地球价值的可再生资源。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意可知，此处表“如果”为条件状语从句，所以使用if，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填If。
【30题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你曾经为了买一双限量版运动鞋而忍饥挨饿，那么现在是时候开始为自己和全人类做出改变了。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意可知。此处表示“为了”作目的状语，所以使用不定式形式，且与逻辑主语you之间表主动关系。故填to get。
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. steadily B. predicts C. biology D. temporary E. dramatic F. recovers
G. permanent H. grounded I. expansion J. formed K. kindly
Teens Are Still Developing Empathy Skills
The teen years are often full of door-slamming, eye-rolling and seeming insensitivity, even by kids who behaved ____31____ before. Some parents worry that they are doing something wrong or that their children will never think of anyone but themselves. A six-year study published in Developmental Psychology shows that ____32____ is partly to blame.
In adolescence, critical social skills that are needed for one to feel concern for other people and to understand how they think are undergoing major changes. Adolescence has long been known as prime time for developing cognitive skills for self-regulation and executive function.
“Cognitive empathy,” or the mental ability to take others’ perspective, begins to rise ____33____ in girls at the age of 13, according to the study co-authored by Jolien van der Graaff at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. By comparison, boys do not begin until the age of 15 to show increases in perspective-taking, which helps in problem-solving and avoiding conflict.
Adolescent boys actually show a ____34____ decline, between the ages of 13 and 16, in a related skill—“affective empathy,” or the ability to recognize and respond to others’ feelings. This may be the result, at least in part, of a ____35____ rise in the primary male sex hormone, during adolescence, which sparks a desire for dominance and power. Fortunately, the boys’ sensitivity ____36____ in their late teens. Girls’ affective empathy remains relatively high and stable throughout adolescence.
This doesn’t mean, however, that we can do nothing but just wait for teenagers to develop a feeling of empathy. In fact, parents can help instill(灌输) affective empathy into their children. Affective empathy is ____37____ in marginal region of the brain, which regulates emotions. This capacity begins to develop in infancy. Children learn to practice empathy by watching their parents and by experiencing it themselves—being well treated by adults who sensitively respond to their emotions. While cognitive empathy arises from a different part of the brain, the two abilities are linked. Children’s affective empathy ____38____ their level of cognitive empathy as teens.
The findings reflect a major ____39____ in researchers’ understanding of cognitive growth during adolescence. They used to believe that both forms of empathy were fully _____40_____ in childhood. Now, it is clear that “the brain regions that support social cognition, which helps us successfully understand and interact with others, continue to change dramatically” in our teens, says Jennifer Pfeifer at the University of Oregon. Research in her lab also suggests that cognitive empathy rises in teens. The discoveries serve as a new lens for exploring such teen behavior as bullying and drug abuse.
【答案】31. K 32. C
33. A 34. D
35. E 36. F
37. H 38. B
39. I 40. J
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是青少年之所以发脾气，与其生理因素有一定的关系，他们仍在发展同理心技能。
【31题详解】
考查副词。句意：十几岁的孩子经常会摔门，翻白眼，看起来麻木不仁，即使以前表现得很友好的孩子也是如此。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词behaved，结合句意可知，此处表示“友好地”应为kindly。故选K项。
【32题详解】
考查名词。句意：发表在《发展心理学》上的一项为期六年的研究表明，生理因素是部分原因。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作主语，结合下文中的“in the primary male sex hormone, during adolescence,”可知，此处应指“生理因素”为biology符合句意。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查副词。句意：荷兰乌得勒支大学(Utrecht University)的乔利恩·范德格拉夫(joolien van der Graaff)与人合著的这项研究表明，女孩的“认知同理心”，即站在他人角度思考的心理能力，在13岁时开始稳步上升。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词rise。，结合句意可知，此处表示“稳定地”为steadily。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词。句意：青春期男孩在13岁到16岁之间，在一项相关技能——“情感同理心”，或识别并回应他人感受的能力上，实际上会出现暂时的衰退。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰decline，结合句意可知，此处表示“暂时的”应为temporary。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这可能是男性主要性激素在青春期急剧上升的结果，至少在一定程度上是如此，这激发了男性对统治和权力的渴望。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰名词rise，结合句意可知，此处表示“巨大的”应为dramatic。故选E项。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：幸运的是，男孩们的敏感性在他们十几岁的时候恢复了。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词。结合句意可知，此处表示“恢复”应为recover，根据下句中的谓语动词remains可知，此处为一般现在时，且与主语表示主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数。故填recovers。故选F项。
【37题详解】
考查动词。句意：情感同理心根植于大脑的边缘区域，该区域负责调节情绪。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词与空前be动词构成句子谓语，结合句意可知提处表示“以……为根基”应为be grounded in，所以此处为grounded。故选H项。
【38题详解】
考查动词。句意：儿童情感共情预测青少年认知共情水平。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，结合句意可知此处表示“预测”为predict，根句上句中的谓语动词are linked可知，此处使用一般现在时态，且与句子主语“Children’s affective empathy”之间为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，所以使用predicts。故选B项。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些发现反映了研究人员对青少年认知发展的理解有了重大的扩展。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“扩展”应为expansion，且空前有不定冠词a，所以使用名词单数。故选I项。
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们曾经认为，这两种形式的同理心都是在童年时期完全形成的。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词与were构成句子谓语，结合句意可知，此处表示“形成”应为form，且与句子主语“both forms of empathy”为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故选G项。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

For years psychologists have known how to measure the intelligence of individuals, but only recently have they begun to investigate the issue of group intelligence. This notion stems from the observation that some groups seem to work ____41____ across tasks, even tasks that are not very similar. Early investigations suggest that group intelligence is not the ____42____ of the intelligence of the individuals in it. So what is the secret to their success?
Researchers at Google have tackled this question and they believe they finally ____43____ what makes some teams successful. In the Google study researchers collected thousands of data points on hundreds of groups and combed through them trying to find ____44____. Are the members of effective groups friends outside of work? Do groups whose members have similar personalities or backgrounds work together ____45____? Does gender make a difference? They put forward many theories but found no patterns to support them. In fact, who was in the group apparently did not seem to make a difference; ____46____, the difference between more and less effective groups seemed to lie in the ____47____ among the members.
Among the findings, the most significant is that, in effective groups, members spoke for a roughly equal amount of time — not at every meeting or interaction, but across the course of a ____48____. A second finding was that members displayed empathy, an understanding of how it might feel to walk in someone else’s shoes.
There were additional findings that support these general ones. ____49____, in effective groups, members face one another directly when they speak, and they use energetic and enthusiastic gestures. They also communicate _____50_____ with one another, not just through the leader or manager of the group. In fact, the study found that side conversations between individual members during meetings, far from being a _____51_____, actually increased the group’s productivity. All the findings _____52_____ the importance of having face-to-face meetings instead of phone calls, teleconferences, or email communications. The positive behaviors uncovered in the study occur primarily or exclusively in face-to-face interaction.
One might _____53_____ that most of these findings are extremely obvious, and needless to say, good managers have probably always understood these principles. Our social and professional lives, however, are not always structured in ways that facilitate the kind of interaction that apparently _____54_____ effective group performance. Understanding group _____55_____ can help businesses and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance.
41. A. poorly B. intensively C. fantastically D. dominantly
42. A. quality B. sum C. role D. trace
43. A. marvel at B. look into C. figure out D. delight in
44. A. behaviors B. fulfillment C. diagnosis D. patterns
45. A. best B. on average C. below average D. worst
46. A. furthermore B. instead C. consequently D. obviously
47. A. persuasion B. imitation C. interaction D. moderation
48. A. regulation B. project C. scale D. transition
49. A. For example B. On the contrary C. In other words D. In theory
50. A. roughly B. steadily C. neutrally D. directly
51. A. distraction B. isolation C. supervision D. exhaustion
52. A. overlook B. highlight C. dedicate D. categorize
53. A. advocate B. argue C. command D. regret
54. A. reverses B. stocks C. underlines D. captures
55. A. perspective B. performance C. persistence D. intelligence
【答案】41. C 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. A 52. B 53. B 54. C 55. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了心理学家对群体智力的研究与发现。
【41题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个概念源于这样一种观察，即一些团队似乎可以难以置信地跨任务工作，甚至是不太相似的任务。A. poorly差地；B. intensively密集地；C. fantastically难以置信地；D. dominantly占主导地位地。根据下文“even tasks that are not very similar”及“So what is the secret to their success?”可知，此处指一些团队似乎可以难以置信地跨任务工作。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：早期的研究表明，群体智力并不是群体中个体智力的总和。A. quality质量；B. sum总和；C. role角色；D. trace痕迹。根据空后“the intelligence of the individuals in it”可知，此处指群体中个体智力的总和。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：谷歌的研究人员已经解决了这个问题，他们相信他们最终找到了一些团队成功的原因。A. marvel at惊叹；B. look into调查；C. figure out弄清楚；D. delight in喜欢。根据上文“So what is the secret to their success?”及“Researchers at Google have tackled this question”可知，此处指谷歌的研究人员相信他们最终弄清楚了一些团队成功的原因。故选C。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在谷歌的研究中，研究人员收集了数百个群体的数千个数据点，并对它们进行了梳理，试图找到模式。A. behaviors行为；B. fulfillment履行；C. diagnosis诊断；D. patterns模式。根据下文“They put forward many theories but found no patterns to support them.”可知，此处指研究人员试图找到模式。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：具有相似性格或背景的团队成员合作得最好吗？A. best最好地；B. on average平均；C. below average低于平均水平；D. worst最差地。根据上文“groups whose members have similar personalities or backgrounds”及常识可知，此处指具有相似性格或背景的团队成员合作得会最好。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，谁在小组里似乎并没有什么不同；相反，效率较高和较低的群体之间的差异似乎在于成员之间的互动。A. furthermore此外；B. instead相反；C. consequently因此；D. obviously显然。前后句意存在相反关系，应用转折副词instead。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，谁在小组里似乎并没有什么不同；相反，效率较高和较低的群体之间的差异似乎在于成员之间的互动。A. persuasion说服；B. imitation模仿；C. interaction互动；D. moderation适度。根据下文“Among the findings, the most significant is that, in effective groups, members spoke for a roughly equal amount of time — not at every meeting or interaction, but across the course of a ____8____.”可知，此处指效率较高和较低的群体之间的差异似乎在于成员之间的互动。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这些发现中，最重要的是，在有效的团队中，成员的发言时间大致相等——不是在每次会议或互动中，而是在整个项目过程中。A. regulation监管；B. project项目；C. scale规模；D. transition过渡。根据上文“not at every meeting or interaction, but across the course”可知，此处指整个项目过程。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在有效的群体中，成员说话时直接面对彼此，他们使用充满活力和热情的手势。A. For example例如；B. On the contrary恰恰相反；C. In other words换句话说；D. In theory理论上。根据上文“There were additional findings that support these general ones.”及空后“in effective groups, members face one another directly when they speak, and they use energetic and enthusiastic gestures.”可知，此处指在举例说明。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们也直接彼此沟通，而不仅仅是通过团队的领导或经理。A. roughly大致地；B. steadily稳定地；C. neutrally中性地；D. directly直接地。根据下文“not just through the leader or manager of the group.”可知，此处指团队成员直接彼此沟通。故选D。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，研究发现，在会议期间，个别成员之间的谈话非但不会分散注意力，反而会提高团队的效率。A. distraction分心；B. isolation隔离；C. supervision监督；D. exhaustion精疲力竭。根据上文“side conversations between individual members during meetings”及常识可知，在会议期间，个别成员之间的谈话会被认为是分心的事情。故选A。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有的研究结果都强调了面对面交流的重要性，而不是打电话、电话会议或电子邮件交流。A. overlook俯瞰；B. highlight强调；C. dedicate奉献；D. categorize分类。根据下文“The positive behaviors uncovered in the study occur primarily or exclusively in face-to-face interaction. ”可知，此处指所有的研究结果都强调了面对面交流的重要性。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有人可能会提出质疑，这些发现大多是非常明显的，不用说，优秀的管理者可能一直都明白这些原则。A. advocate辩护；B. argue提出质疑；C. command命令；D. regret后悔。根据下文“that most of these findings are extremely obvious, and needless to say, good managers have probably always understood these principles.”可知，此处指有人可能会对研究发现提出质疑。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们的社会和职业生活并不总是以促进那种明显强调有效群体表现的互动的方式构建的。A. reverses颠倒；B. stocks贮备；C. underlines强调；D. captures捕获。根据上文“Our social and professional lives, however, are not always structured in ways that facilitate the kind of interaction”及语境可知，此处指强调有效群体表现的互动的方式构建。故选C。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：了解群体智力可以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本性改变，以提高群体绩效。A. perspective视角；B. performance性能；C. persistence持久性；D. intelligence智力。根据语境可知，全文一直在讲述对群体智力的研究及发现。由此可知，此处指了解群体智力可以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本性改变，以提高群体绩效。故选D。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. Every questions are provided with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Mime (哑剧) opens up a new world to the beholder, but it does so insidiously (隐匿地), not by purposely injecting points of interest in the manner of a tour guide. Audiences are not unlike visitors to a foreign land who discover that the modes, manners, and thoughts of its inhabitants are not meaningless oddities, but are sensible in context.
I remember once when an audience seemed puzzled at what I was doing. At first, I tried to gain a more immediate response by using slight exaggerations. I soon realized that these actions had nothing to do with the audience’s understanding of the character. What I had believed to be a failure of the audience to respond in the manner I expected was, in fact, only their concentration on what I was doing; they were enjoying a gradual awakening — a slow transition of their understanding from their own time and place to one that appeared so unexpectedly before their eyes. This was evidenced by their growing response to succeeding numbers.
Mime is an elusive art, as its expression is entirely dependent on the ability of the performer to imagine a character and to re-create that character for each performance. As a mime, I am a physical medium, the instrument upon which the figures of my imagination play their dance of life. The individuals in my audience also have responsibilities—they must be alert collaborators. They cannot sit back, mindlessly self-content, and wait to have their emotions aroused by fantastic musical sounds or visual rhythms or acrobatic feats, or by words that tell them what to think. Mime is an art that, paradoxically, appeals both to those who respond instinctively to entertainment and to those whose appreciation is more analytical and complex.
Between these extremes lie those audiences conditioned to resist any collaboration with what is played before them, and these the mime must charm despite themselves. There is only one way to attack those reluctant minds—take them unaware! They will be delighted at an unexpected pleasure.
56. The author compares mime artist with tour guide because both ________.
A. bring others to strange places B. explore new means of self-expression
C. employ artistic methods to communicate D. shape the way others perceive a new situation
57. The author most likely includes the incident described in paragraph 2 in order to ________.
A. show how challenging the career of a mime can be
B. eliminate some misconceptions about what a mime is like
C. portray the intensity required to see the audience’s point of view
D. indicate the adjustments an audience must make in watching mime
58. The underlined word “elusive” in paragraph 3 most probably means ________.
A. easy to summarize B. difficult to define
C. hard to comment D. natural to imitate
59. According to the passage, which of the following is important to the artistic success of mime?
A. Effective combination of various dramatic elements. B. Incorporation of realistic details.
C. Audience involvement. D. Large audiences.
【答案】56. D 57. D 58. B 59. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哑剧这种艺术形式的特点以及与观众的关系。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Mime (哑剧) opens up a new world to the beholder, but it does so insidiously (隐匿地), not by purposely injecting points of interest in the manner of a tour guide. Audiences are not unlike visitors to a foreign land who discover that the modes, manners, and thoughts of its inhabitants are not meaningless oddities, but are sensible in context.(哑剧为观众打开了一个新的世界，但它是不自觉地这样做的，而不是像导游那样故意注入兴趣点。观众就像来到异国他乡的游客一样，发现当地居民的模式、举止和思想并不是毫无意义的怪人，而是在语境中合情合理的)”可知，作者将哑剧艺术家与导游进行比较，因为两者都会影响其他人对新情况的看法。故选D。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“What I had believed to be a failure of the audience to respond in the manner I expected was, in fact, only their concentration on what I was doing; they were enjoying a gradual awakening — a slow transition of their understanding from their own time and place to one that appeared so unexpectedly before their eyes. This was evidenced by their growing response to succeeding numbers.(我曾以为听众没有以我所期望的方式做出回应，但事实上，他们只是专注于我正在做的事情；他们正享受着一种逐渐觉醒的过程——他们的理解从自己的时间和地点缓慢地过渡到一个如此出乎意料地出现在他们眼前的地方。他们对后续数字的反应越来越强烈，证明了这一点)”可推知，作者将第2段中描述的事件包括在内很可能是为了表明观众在观看哑剧时必须做出的调整。故选D。
【58题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“as its expression is entirely dependent on the ability of the performer to imagine a character and to re-create that character for each performance”可知，哑剧的表达完全依赖于表演者想象一个角色的能力，并在每次表演中重新创造这个角色，故哑剧是一门难以定义的艺术，故画线词意思是“难以定义”。故选B。
【59题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The individuals in my audience also have responsibilities—they must be alert collaborators. They cannot sit back, mindlessly self-content, and wait to have their emotions aroused by fantastic musical sounds or visual rhythms or acrobatic feats, or by words that tell them what to think. Mime is an art that, paradoxically, appeals both to those who respond instinctively to entertainment and to those whose appreciation is more analytical and complex.(我的听众中的个人也有责任——他们必须是警惕的合作者。他们不能坐等美妙的音乐声音、视觉节奏、杂技表演或告诉他们该思考什么的话语来激发他们的情感，盲目地自我满足。哑剧是一种艺术，矛盾的是，它既吸引那些本能地对娱乐做出反应的人，也吸引那些鉴赏力更强、更复杂的人)”可知，观众参与对哑剧的艺术成功是重要的。故选C。
(B)
Many questions can be expected in advance and it’s wise to have some well-constructed answers that you can tailor more closely on the day. It’s sensible to have a number of key phrases to use. Remember to always try and make your answers positive.
Q1: Tell me about yourself. (The interviewer is really saying “I want to hear you talk.”)
A1: This is just to get things started, but it is a very common question. Write a script, and practice it so that it sounds natural. Spend a maximum of four minutes describing your qualifications, career history and your range of skills. Emphasize those skills that are relevant to the job on offer.
Q2: What have been your achievements to date? (The interviewer is saying “Are you an achiever?”)
A2: Again this is a common question, so be prepared. Select an achievement that is experience-related and fairly recent. Identify skills you used in this achievement and say what the results were.
Q3: What do you like about your present job? (The interviewer is really trying to find out whether you will enjoy the things the new job has to offer.)
A3: This is a straightforward question. All you have to make sure is that your ‘likes’ correspond to the skills etc. required for the job on offer. Be positive, describe your job as interesting and diverse, but do not overdo it. After all, you are leaving?
Q4: What are your strengths? (The interviewer simply wants a straightforward answer as to what you are good at.)
A4: This is the one question that you are definitely going to get, so there is no excuse for being unprepared. Concentrate on discussing your main strengths. List three or four explanations of how they could benefit the employer. Strengths to consider include technical proficiency; ability to learn quickly; determination to succeed; positive attitude; your ability to relate to people and achieve a common goal. You may be asked to give examples of the above, so be prepared.
Q5: Tell me about the most difficult situation you’ve had to face and how you handled it.
(The interview is really trying to find out your definition of “difficult” and whether you can show a logical approach to problem solving using your initiative.)
A5: This can be a trap! To avoid it, select a difficult work situation that was not caused by you and which can be quickly explained in a few sentences. Explain how you defined the problem, what the options were, why you selected the one you did and what the outcome was. Always end on a positive note.
60. The passage is mainly intended to ________.
A. highlight the importance of looking positive in an interview
B. give suggestions on how to answer interview questions
C. provide some sample answers to interview questions
D. illustrate how to look confident in an interview
61. When asked about what you think of your present job, you’d better ________.
A. talk about what you dislike about it
B. comment positively on your colleagues
C. relates it to the job you are applying for
D. describe how interesting it is as far as possible
62. If an interviewer wants to know whether you can solve a problem properly, what will he ask?
A. Tell me about yourself?
B. Tell me about your strengths?
C. What have been your achievements to date?
D. How did you handle the most difficult situation?
【答案】60. B 61. C 62. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了求职者可以提前准备好的一些可能会被问到的问题。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段前两句“Many questions can be expected in advance and it’s wise to have some well-constructed answers that you can tailor more closely on the day. (许多问题都可以提前提出，明智的做法是有一些精心构建的答案，你可以在当天更仔细地定制)”可知，本文旨在提出一些可以提前准备答案的问题。根据第一个问题“Q1: Tell me about yourself. (The interviewer is really saying “I want to hear you talk.”(问题1：告诉我你自己的情况。（面试官实际上是在说“我想听你说话。”）)”可知，这些问题用于面试。故选B项。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据A3针对第三个问题的回答第二句“All you have to make sure is that your ‘likes’ correspond to the skills etc. required for the job on offer. (你所要确保的是，你的“喜欢”与所提供的工作所需的技能等相对应)”可知，当被问到现在从事的工作时，如果回答是喜欢，这份喜欢需要和现在求职的工作相对应，即要把现在从事的工作和现在求职的工作关联上。故选C项。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据Q5部分的问题和针对问题的解释“Q5: Tell me about the most difficult situation you’ve had to face and how you handled it. (The interview is really trying to find out your definition of “difficult” and whether you can show a logical approach to problem solving using your initiative.) (问题5：告诉我你不得不面对的最困难的情况以及你是如何处理的。（面试实际上是想弄清楚你对“困难”的定义，以及你是否能用你的主动性展示出一种合乎逻辑的解决问题的方法。）)”可知，为了弄清楚求职者能如何恰当的处理问题，面试官可能会问求职者会如何处理不得不面对的困难问题。故选D项。
(C)
The latest bad but unsurprising news on education is that reading and writing scores on the SAT have once again declined. The language competence of our high schoolers fell steeply in the 1970s and has never recovered. This is very worrisome, because the best single measure of the overall quality of our primary and secondary schools is the average verbal(语言的) score of 17-year-olds. This score correlates with the ability to learn new things readily, to communicate with others and to secure a job. It also predicts future income.
The most credible analyses have shown that the chief causes are vast curricular changes, especially in the critical early grades. In the decades before the Great Verbal Decline, a content-rich elementary school experience evolved into a content-light, skills-based, test-centered approach. Cognitive psychologists agree that early childhood language learning (ages 2 to 10) is critical to later verbal competence, not just because of the remarkable linguistic plasticity of young minds, but also because of the so-called Matthew Effect.
The name comes from a passage in the Bible: “For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath.” Those who are language-poor in early childhood get relatively poorer, and fall further behind, while the verbally rich get richer.
The origin of this cruel truth lies in the nature of word learning. The more words you already know, the faster you acquire new words. This sounds like an invitation to vocabulary study for babies, but that’s been tried and it’s not effective. Most of the word meanings we know are acquired indirectly, by intuitively(凭直觉的) guessing new meanings as we understand the main idea of what we are hearing or reading. The Matthew Effect in language can be restated this way: “To those who understand the main idea shall be given new word meanings, but to those who do not there shall follow boredom and frustration.”
Clearly the key is to make sure that from kindergarten on, every student, from the start, understands the main idea of what is heard or read. If preschoolers and kindergartners are offered substantial and coherent lessons concerning the human and natural worlds, then the results show up five years or so later in significantly improved verbal scores. By staying on a subject long enough to make all young children familiar with it (say, two weeks or so), the main idea becomes understood by all and word learning speeds up. This is especially important for low-income children, who come to school with smaller vocabularies and rely on school to pass on the knowledge base children from rich families take for granted.
Current reform strategies focus on testing, improving teacher quality, and other changes. Attention to these structural issues has led to improvements in the best public schools. But it is not enough.
63. The drop in verbal scores on the SAT is worrisome because ________.
A. it will lead to a short supply of talents in the labor market
B. it reveals young people’s negative attitude towards verbal study
C. it shows the schools’ inability to meet the national requirements
D. students’ reading and writing ability affects their future development
64. Which of the following is the reason for the falling verbal competence?
A. Children’s lack of language learning ability.
B. Fewer courses on reading and writing in school.
C. The shift of curricular focus from content to skills.
D. Heavy pressure that numerous tests have resulted in.
65. The implication of Mathew Effect in language is that ________.
A. children should be trained to understand the content
B. teachers should focus on one topic in language teaching
C. children’s family background determines their verbal ability
D. teachers should make everything understandable for students
66. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Mathew Effect in Language Learning
B. How to Stop the Drop in Verbal Scores
C. Try to Understand the Main Idea
D. Don’t Overestimate Your Verbal Scores
【答案】63. D 64. C 65. A 66. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是高中生语言能力急剧下降的原因以及应对的措施。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据首段中的“This is very worrisome, because the best single measure of the overall quality of our primary and secondary schools is the average verbal(语言的) score of 17-year-olds. This score correlates with the ability to learn new things readily, to communicate with others and to secure a job.(这是非常令人担忧的，因为衡量我们中小学整体质量的最佳单一指标是17岁学生的平均语言成绩。这个分数与学习新事物的能力、与他人沟通的能力以及获得工作的能力有关。)”可知，这一分数是衡量中小学整体质量的单一指标，而这一分数与学生的学习能力，沟通能力以及获取工作的能力相关，由此可知，之所以担忧是因为学生的阅读能力直接影响了学生未来的发展。故选D项。
【64题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The most credible analyses have shown that the chief causes are vast curricular changes, especially in the critical early grades. In the decades before the Great Verbal Decline, a content-rich elementary school experience evolved into a content-light, skills-based, test-centered approach.(最可信的分析表明，主要原因是课程的巨大变化，特别是在关键的早期年级。在“语言大衰退”之前的几十年里，内容丰富的小学经历演变成了内容少、以技能为基础、以考试为中心的方法。)”可知，语言能力下降的原因是在关键的早起年级课程发生巨大变化，课程内容减少，转变为以技能为基础，以考试为中心。故选C项。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The Matthew Effect in language can be restated this way: “To those who understand the main idea shall be given new word meanings, but to those who do not there shall follow boredom and frustration.”(语言中的马太效应可以这样重述:“对于那些理解主旨的人，应该给予新的单词含义，但对于那些不理解的人，则会感到无聊和沮丧。”。)”可知，马太效应讲述的是理解主要思想的人被赋予新的单词含义，对于不理解的人来说，会感到无聊和沮丧，由此可推断，需要对儿童内容的理解。故选A项。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。根据首段中“The latest bad but unsurprising news on education is that reading and writing scores on the SAT have once again declined. The language competence of our high schoolers fell steeply in the 1970s and has never recovered. (关于教育的最新坏消息是，SAT的阅读和写作分数再次下降，但这并不令人意外。我们高中生的语言能力在20世纪70年代急剧下降，并且从未恢复。)”可知，高中生的语言能力自20世纪70年代急剧下滑且从未恢复，进而在下文中分析了产生这一结果的原因，结合尾段中“Current reform strategies focus on testing, improving teacher quality, and other changes. Attention to these structural issues has led to improvements in the best public schools. But it is not enough.(目前的改革策略集中在考试、提高教师素质等方面。对这些结构性问题的关注导致了最好的公立学校的改进。但这还不够。)”可知，就此现象，已经有了一些教育改革策略并得到了一定的改善，但仍是远远不够的，由此可知，本文主要讲述的是语言能力下滑以及采取的相应的策略，所以题目为“如何止住语言分数下降”与本文内容吻合，且概括全文的主题。故选B项。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Is Fairtrade fair?
Fairtrade Foundation, an international foundation committed to fair trade, does what it says on the bottle: it is about better prices for farmers and workers in developing countries. Fairtrade addresses the injustices of conventional trade, which too often leaves the poorest, weakest producers earning less than it costs them to grow their crops. It’s a bit like a national minimum wage for global trade. ____67____
Free-market economists complain that Fairtrade benefits only a small number of farmers, disadvantaging those outside. This is plain wrong. ____68____ Research in Bolivia, for example, found that coffee producers outside Fairtrade were able to negotiate higher prices: Fairtrade had become a price setter. Fairtrade farmers also share their knowledge in trading. For those inside the system, our research shows that through the minimum price guarantee, farmers have more secure and stable incomes.
Other critics ask why we are working with retailers or big brands like Starbucks. ____69____So we are unapologetic in our commitment to scale up. By doing so, moreover, we begin to affect all business behaviour.
____70____We recognise that many farmers in the UK face similar issues to farmers elsewhere, but Fairtrade was established specifically to support the most disadvantaged producers in the world—like the tea-growers of Malawi, who don’t even have drinking water in their villages. I always buy my cheese, pears and carrots from my local farmers’ market—and enjoy Fairtrade bananas, tea and coffee. It’s two sides of the same movement to put people back at the heart of trade. Surely, you cannot say fairer than that.
A. In fact, the evidence suggests the opposite is true.
B. It is not entirely perfect, but a step in the right direction.
C. A favourite question is why we don’t work with UK farmers.
D. Fairtrade is the way forward, one keeping poor producers like myself earning a living.
E. Our answer is that only by mainstreaming Fairtrade will we be able to reach more producers.
F. Fairtrade may do some good in some circumstances, but it does not deserve the unique status it claims for itself.
【答案】67. B 68. A 69. E 70. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要从不同的方面介绍公平贸易真的公平吗？
【67题详解】
分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的总结，根据空前的“Fairtrade addresses the injustices of conventional trade, which too often leaves the poorest, weakest producers earning less than it costs them to grow their crops. It’s a bit like a national minimum wage for global trade.(公平贸易解决了传统贸易的不公正问题，传统贸易往往使最贫穷、最弱小的生产者的收入低于他们种植作物的成本。这有点像全球贸易的国家最低工资。)”可知，此处讲述的是公平贸易解决了很多传统贸易中的问题，B选项“It is not entirely perfect, but a step in the right direction.(它并非完全完美，但却是朝着正确方向迈出的一步。)”中的it指的是公平贸易，同时对此所取得的成就的认可，符合题意。故选B项。
【68题详解】
根据空前的“Free-market economists complain that Fairtrade benefits only a small number of farmers, disadvantaging those outside. This is plain wrong.(自由市场经济学家抱怨公平贸易只对一小部分农民有利，而对农民以外的人不利。这是完全错误的。)”可知，自由市场的经济学专家认为公平贸易只是对少数农民受益，这种观点被认为是错误的，根据空后的“Research in Bolivia, for example, found that coffee producers outside Fairtrade were able to negotiate higher prices: Fairtrade had become a price setter.(例如，在玻利维亚的研究发现，不参与公平贸易的咖啡生产商能够谈判出更高的价格:公平贸易已经成为价格制定者。)”通过举例说明，公平贸易之外的生产商能够谈判更高的价格，以此来说明某些经济学家的说法是错误的，由此可推断，此处应为过渡句，A选项“In fact, the evidence suggests the opposite is true.(事实上，有证据表明情况正好相反。)”的内容起到了承上启下的作用，其中的in fact承接了空前的“这种观点是错误的”，同时指出事实，并在下文进行举例证实。故选A项。
【69题详解】
根据空前的“Other critics ask why we are working with retailers or big brands like Starbucks.(其他批评人士问，我们为什么要和星巴克这样的零售商或大品牌合作。)”可知，此处提出问题，此空处应对此问题解答，E选项“Our answer is that only by mainstreaming Fairtrade will we be able to reach more producers.(我们的答案是，只有将公平贸易主流化，我们才能接触到更多的生产者。)”中的our answer是解题的关键，同时与空后“So we are unapologetic in our commitment to scale up.(因此，我们对扩大规模的承诺毫无歉意。)”中的内容构成因果关系，承上启下，逻辑合理。故选E项。
【70题详解】
根据空后的“We recognise that many farmers in the UK face similar issues to farmers elsewhere, but Fairtrade was established specifically to support the most disadvantaged producers in the world—like the tea-growers of Malawi, who don’t even have drinking water in their villages.(我们认识到，英国的许多农民与其他地方的农民面临着类似的问题，但公平贸易的建立是专门为了支持世界上最弱势的生产者——比如马拉维的茶农，他们的村庄甚至没有饮用水。)”可知，此处首次提到了英国的农民问题，由此推断，空前内容应涉及到英国农民问题，C选项“A favourite question is why we don’t work with UK farmers.(一个最受欢迎的问题是，为什么我们不与英国农民合作。)”与上一段中的“其他批判者的问题”相呼应，同时提到了英国的农民，内容吻合。故选C项。
IV. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 
Multi-tasking
Are you a multitasker? Do you watch TV and cook dinner at the same time? Do you often interrupt your work to check your email? Do you talk on your phone while you’re driving? If you do these or similar things, then you are one of many multitaskers. According to a survey by the magazine Scientific American MIND, 90 percent of American adults multitask regularly.
Most people say they multitask because they are too busy, and multitasking saves time. Popular electronic devices like tablets and smart phones make it convenient to do several tasks at once, so people feel like they are getting more done. Melissa Brown of Evanston, Illinois, says she has no trouble listening to music, surfing the Internet, and sending text messages to friends while she does her homework.
Recent studies, however, show that Melissa and others like her are perhaps getting less done than they think they are. That’s because with multitasking, there are actually many “microinterruptions” in which people stop one task, start another, and eventually return to the first one. These stops and starts make it difficult to concentrate, and so multitaskers actually waste time, according to a study at Microsoft Corporation. In the study, workers who interrupted their work to answer an email or text message took an average of 15 minutes to return to the work they were doing before the interruption.
Some psychologists say that the human brain just isn’t good at concentrating on two things at the same time. This doesn’t matter if you’re only preparing a salad and listening to the radio, they say. But if you’re doing a difficult task that requires thinking, like writing a report, then multitasking can slow you down and cause mistakes. It can even be dangerous, as in the case of people who talk on the phone, eat, or even apply makeup while driving.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Multitasking has become a popular habit mainly because they feel too busy and multitasking helps save time. However, studies show multitasking leads to “microinterruptions,” making it difficult to concentrate and waste time, causing low productivity. Moreover, as humans are not good at concentrating on two things simultaneously, multitasking can make people slow at work and cause mistakes and dangers.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，多任务处理已经成为一种流行的习惯，主要是因为他们觉得太忙了，而多任务处理有助于节省时间。然而，研究表明，多任务处理会导致“微干扰”，使人难以集中注意力，浪费时间，导致效率低下。此外，由于人类不擅长同时专注于两件事，多任务处理会使人们工作速度变慢，并导致错误和危险。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①According to a survey by the magazine Scientific American MIND, 90 percent of American adults multitask regularly. Most people say they multitask because they are too busy, and multitasking saves time.
②These stops and starts make it difficult to concentrate, and so multitaskers actually waste time, according to a study at Microsoft Corporation. In the study, workers who interrupted their work to answer an email or text message took an average of 15 minutes to return to the work they were doing before the interruption.
③Some psychologists say that the human brain just isn’t good at concentrating on two things at the same time. This doesn’t matter if you’re only preparing a salad and listening to the radio, they say. But if you’re doing a difficult task that requires thinking, like writing a report, then multitasking can slow you down and cause mistakes.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Multitasking has become a popular habit mainly since they feel too occupied and multitasking helps save time.
But studies show multitasking contributes to “microinterruptions,” making it hard to concentrate and waste time, causing low productivity.
Besides, as humans are not expert at focusing on two things simultaneously, multitasking can make people slow at work and cause mistakes and dangers.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Multitasking has become a popular habit mainly because they feel too busy and multitasking helps save time.运用because引导原因状语从句原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] But studies show multitasking contributes to “microinterruptions,” making it hard to concentrate and waste time, causing low productivity.用现在分词作状语对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
V．Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 春日阳光和煦，人们不禁想要出去走走。(so…that ) （汉译英）
【答案】The sunshine in spring is so warm /mild that people are tempted to go out for a walk /can’t help going out for a walk/having a walk outside.
【详解】考查动词时态、状语从句和非谓语动词。“春日阳光”是the sunshine in spring，描述事实用一般现在时。“和煦”是warm或mild，用so...that引导状语从句。从句主语是people，谓语是“不禁想要做”是be tempted to do，动词不定式作宾语，或can’t help doing动名词作宾语，“出去走走”是go out for a walk outside。故翻译为The sunshine in spring is so warm /mild that people are tempted to go out for a walk /can’t help going out for a walk/having a walk outside.
73. 最近这位学者声名大噪，不断有国际会议邀请他去发表演讲。(deliver) （汉译英）
【答案】These days the scholar is gaining/ enjoying a rising fame and constantly invited to deliver
speeches at international conferences.
【详解】考查动词和名词。根据句意，该句描述的是现在的情况，所以应使用现在时态，表示“最近”为these days作时间状语，位于句首时，首字母需大写；表示“这位学者”为the scholar作主语；表示“声名大噪”也就是“赢得很大的名声”应为gain/enjoy a rising fame，根据时间状语“these days”以及句意可知，此处使用现在进行时，所以前半句翻译为These days the scholar is gaining/ enjoying a rising fame；根据句意，后半句主语和前半句主语是同一个，且表示并列关系，所以主语省略，表示“不断地”为constantly作状语修饰动词，表示“邀请”为visit与主语之间为被动关系，所以使用被动语态，且与前半句中的主语和is重复可以省略，所以表示“不断被邀请去做演讲”应为constantly visited to deliver speeches；表示“在国际会议上”应为at international conferences作状语置于句尾，所以后半句翻译为constantly invited to deliver speeches at international conferences，因前后两句之间为并列关系，所以使用and连接。故翻译为These days the scholar is gaining/ enjoying a rising fame and constantly invited to deliver speeches at international conferences.。
74. 这款应用软件无需消费者下载音乐便可享受音乐，自发布以来已经占据了市场的半壁江山。(without) （汉译英）
【答案】The App/application, which makes it possible for consumers to enjoy music without downloading it, has taken /made up half of the market share since it was released.
The App/application enables consumers to enjoy music without downloading it, and it has accounted for half of the market share since its release.
【详解】考查动词、介词以及并列句。根据句意，根据描述的为当前的客观情况，所以主时态应为现在时态，表示“这款应用软件”为the App或者application作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“使消费者可以享受音乐”应为enable consumers to enjoy music，句子主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词应使用单数，表示“无需下载”应为without downloading it，所以前半句译为The App/application enables consumers to enjoy music without downloading it；根据句意，后半句的主语与前半句一致，所以使用it代替作主语；表示“自发布以来”应为since its release作时间状语置于句尾；后半句的谓语动词表示“占据了”应为account for，根据时间状语since its release可知，应使用现在完成时，且句子主语是第三人称单数，故谓语应为has accounted for；表示“市场的半壁江山”应为half of the market share作宾语；所以后半句应译为it has accounted for half of the market share since its release.；根据句意可知，前后两个半句之间为并列关系，所以使用and连接。故翻译为The App/application enables consumers to enjoy music without downloading it, and it has accounted for half of the market share since its release.
75. 这座公园设施陈旧，疏于管理，荒草丛生，经改造后，却让人眼前一亮。(absence) （汉译英）
【答案】Though the park with outdated facilities/, whose facilities were outdated, was overgrown with weed in the absence of proper management, it amazed people / made an impression on people/ gave people a surprise after being rebuilt/transformed.
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用though；表示“这座公园设施陈旧”翻译为the park with outdated facilities或翻译为whose引导的定语从句，whose facilities were outdated；表示“疏于管理，荒草丛生”翻译为be overgrown with weed in the absence of proper management；表示“让人眼前一亮”可用it作形式，动词amaze或短语make an impression on或give people a surprise作谓语；表示“经改造后”翻译为after being rebuilt/transformed。为一般过去时。故翻译为Though the park with outdated facilities/, whose facilities were outdated, was overgrown with weed in the absence of proper management, it amazed people / made an impression on people/ gave people a surprise after being rebuilt/transformed.
VI. Guided Writing
76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
最近明启中学对教师是否会被人工智能取代这一话题开展了调查，调查结果如下图。假如你是该校高三学生李华，请就此话题谈谈你的看法，写一篇150-180的作文，文章内容需涵盖：

1.简要描述图表；
2.你认为教师是否会被人工智能取代；
3.你的理由。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Recently, our school conducted a survey on the topic of whether teachers will be replaced by artificial intelligence. 10% of respondents were unsure. 34% said they thought teachers would be replaced by artificial intelligence, while 56% said no.
Personally speaking, teachers won’t be replaced by artificial intelligence. Because in addition to teaching students knowledge, teachers have a more important mission, which is to educate people. In terms of educating people, teachers possess qualities that cannot be replaced by artificial intelligence. Teachers are rich in feelings and wisdom, knowing how to imperceptibly into the excellent quality of education.
Besides, artificial intelligence is only a partial replacement of teachers’ labor, and cannot replace the role of teachers. This is because although robots have communication functions such as dialogue and movement, they are far from the rich and delicate feelings of human beings.
That is to say, the possibility of teachers being replaced is very small, and teachers become one of the jobs that artificial intelligence is difficult to replace.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于图表作文，最近明启中学对教师是否会被人工智能取代这一话题开展了调查，调查结果如下图。假如你是该校高三学生李华，请就此话题谈谈你的看法，写一篇150-180的作文，文章内容需涵盖：1.简要描述图表；2.你认为教师是否会被人工智能取代； 3.你的理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
取代：replace→supersede
拥有：possess→take possession of
重要的：important→significant
也就是说：that is to say=in other words
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Teachers are rich in feelings and wisdom, knowing how to imperceptibly into the excellent quality of education.
拓展句：Teachers are rich in feelings and wisdom, who know how to imperceptibly into the excellent quality of education.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Because in addition to teaching students knowledge, teachers have a more important mission, which is to educate people. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Teachers are rich in feelings and wisdom, knowing how to imperceptibly into the excellent quality of education. (运用了现在分词作状语)