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英语（广东B卷）-学易金卷：2023年高考第一模拟考试卷
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这是一份英语（广东B卷）-学易金卷：2023年高考第一模拟考试卷，文件包含英语广东卷B卷全解全析docx、英语广东卷B卷考试版docx、英语广东卷B卷参考答案docx、英语广东卷B卷答题卡docx等4份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共36页， 欢迎下载使用。
2023年高考第一模拟考试卷英语（广东B卷）
全解全析
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：120分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Some libraries use unique architecture to encourage visitors to explore the racks and settle down with a new book, or use flowing libraries to bring books to hard-to-reach populations.
Kansas City Library (Kansas City, Missouri)
Along the south wall of this parking garage’s exterior, visitors are treated to what looks like a huge shelf of books. The building originally served as a bank, which is readily apparent when the library has screenings in its Vault Theater, inside an actual 1925 bank vault.
Stuttgart City Library (Stuttgart, Germany)
Opened in 2011, this nine-story public library designed by Eun Young Yi is characterized by its impressive white-on-white color scheme, its bold cubic shape and its cavernous interior. This cultural center for the city, designed to feel open and full of light, can be entered from any of its four sides, and readers can borrow artwork as well as books.
The Camel Library Service (North Eastern Province, Kenya)
To fight with low literacy rates in the desert of Kenya, the government created a roaming library composed of nine camels to bring books to villages. The library travels four days a week serving the region’s migratory people. Currently the service focuses on children, but with more funding they plan to increase their reach both in distance and the titles they carry.
Macquarie University Library (Sydney, Australia)
A stunning combination of cutting edge and sustainable, this building was made from recycled materials, features a green roof, and was designed to imitate the look of a eucalyptus tree. It is also state of the art, using robot cranes to bring requested books to the front desk.
1．What is the feature of Kansas City Library?
A．It used to be a bank. B．It has only a book shelf.
C．It served as a park lot. D．It makes use of robot cranes.
2．Which of the following provides books for migratory people?
A．Kansas City Library. B．Stuttgart City Library.
C．The Camel Library Service. D．Macquarie University Library.
3．What’s the purpose of the libraries?
A．To sell the artwork in libraries. B．To urge people to read books.
C．To show the art of architecture. D．To keep people staying in the libraries.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个图书馆的情况。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The building originally served as a bank, which is readily apparent when the library has screenings in its Vault Theater, inside an actual 1925 bank vault.(这座建筑最初是一家银行，当图书馆在1925年的银行保险库里放映电影时，很容易看出这一点)”可知，堪萨斯城图书馆的特色是它以前是一家银行。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The library travels four days a week serving the region’s migratory people.(该图书馆每周旅行四天，为该地区的流动人口服务)”可知，The Camel Library Service为流动人口提供书籍。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第一段“Some libraries use unique architecture to encourage visitors to explore the racks and settle down with a new book, or use flowing libraries to bring books to hard-to-reach populations.(一些图书馆使用独特的建筑来鼓励游客探索书架，并放上一本新书，或者使用流动的图书馆把书带给难以接触到的人群)”可知，图书馆的目的是鼓励人们读书。故选B。
B
In Yarmouth I was put on the long-distance coach to London, and travelled all through the night. At the coach station in London I was collected by a teacher, Mr. Mell, and taken to Salem House, the school which Mr. Murdstone had chosen for me.
The school was a large old building with a dusty playground, surrounded by a high brick wall. It looked strangely deserted. I was very surprised to find that none of the boys were there, and was told that they were all on holiday and that I had been sent there during the holidays as a punishment for my wickedness. The headmaster and teachers were on holiday too, all except for Mr. Mell, who had to look after me.
I spent a whole month in that miserable place, doing my lessons in the dirty, empty classroom, which smelt of old food and unwashed boys. Every evening I had to eat my supper with Mr. Mell, and then go straight to bed. The worst thing was the sign I had to wear round my neck. It said: BE CAREFUL! HE BITES. I was only allowed to take it off when I went to bed.
Although I was extremely lonely and unhappy at this time, I was not looking forward to meeting all the other boys. I felt sure they would laugh at me and especially at the sign I was forced to wear. But one day Mr. Mell told me that the headmaster, Mr. Creakle, had returned, and wanted to see me. So I went, trembling to his part of the house.
I realized at once that Mr. Creakle lived much more comfortably than the boys or the teachers. He was a small, fat man with a purple nose, who was sitting in an armchair with a bottle and a glass in front of him.
4．Which of the following best describes the school?
A．Strange and crowded. B．Old and abandoned.
C．Comfortable and empty. D．Filthy and smelly.
5．Which can be the possible reason for the author’s being sent to the school?
A．He needed a better environment for education.
B．He bit someone and got punished.
C．He was a wicked boy and was supposed to turn better.
D．He was unhappy and lonely so he intended to meet other boys.
6．How did the author feel when he was to meet the headmaster?
A．Overjoyed. B．Terrified. C．Eager. D．Surprised.
7．What would the author write about in the paragraphs that follow?
A．How he missed his parents.
B．How Mr. Mell taught him lessons.
C．How he communicated with Mr. Creakle.
D．How Mr. Creakle comforted him and had a big dinner with him.
【答案】4．D 5．B 6．B 7．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为咬人而被送到一所又旧又荒凉的学校去接受惩罚。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段中“I spent a whole month in that miserable place, doing my lessons in the dirty, empty classroom, which smelt of old food and unwashed boys. ”（我在那个糟糕的地方呆了整整一个月，在又脏又空的教室里上课，教室里弥漫着老食物和没洗澡的男孩的味道。）可知，作者来的这所学校又脏又臭，故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ I had been sent there during the holidays as a punishment for my wickedness. ”（我在假期被送到那里，作为对我恶行的惩罚。）可知，作者被送到这所学校是作为对他所犯的恶行的惩罚，根据倒数第三段中“The worst thing was the sign I had to wear round my neck. It said: BE CAREFUL! HE BITES.”（最糟糕的是我不得不挂在脖子上的牌子，上面写着：小心! 他咬人。）可知，作者因为咬人的恶行而被送到了这个学校。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“So I went, trembling to his part of the house. ”（于是我颤抖着走到他的房子那一部分。）可知，作者在去见校长的时候，他是害怕的。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句“So I went, trembling to his part of the house. ”（于是我颤抖着走到他的房子那一部分。）可知，作者去见校长使作者时害怕的。最后一段“He was a small, fat man with a purple nose, who was sitting in an armchair with a bottle and a glass in front of him.”（他是一个又矮又胖的紫鼻子男人，坐在扶手椅上，面前放着一个瓶子和一个玻璃杯。）提到了作者对校长的第一印象，可推知，接下来的内容可以描述校长和作者之间的谈话。故选C。
C
In the autumn of 1853 Thomas Butler Gunn got lost — temporarily rather than physically. On a visit to Mammoth Cave in Kentucky, and isolated from the outside world, his diary quickly divorced the time order of reality. Wednesdays are repeated and days go mislabelled. It took around a fortnight, and renewed contact with civilization, for Gunn to restore his weekly bearings.
The episode (经历), says David Henkin, suggests how fragile a sense of time can be — especially when it comes to weeks. Unlike months or years, these seven-day groupings have no real basis in astronomy. People from Nigeria to China have lived well without them.
And yet the week has become the measure not only of routine, but even of wisdom. “Weekly rhythms have become so thoroughly absorbed into ordinary human experience,” Mr Henkin writes, “that forgetting what day it is constitutes a singular symptom and feeling of disorientation (迷失方向).” His new book shows how the week came to rule the world.
But when newspapers, factory schedules and weekly paydays were all rarer, the weekly structure was less important. People got confused. As late as 1866, the Louisville Courier mentioned a man getting drunk on Friday because he thought it was Saturday.
As towns grew and society became more complicated, citizens “became differently and more intensely week-oriented, in ways we can now recognize as modern”. When his local charity met on Wednesdays in 1859, and choral concerts were scheduled for Fridays, James Fiske of Massachusetts couldn’t afford to mix up his days. Japan formally adopted the seven-day system only in 1873; all the same, a character in a novel by Haruki Murakami is as sure of something “as I am sure that today is Wednesday”.
8．What is the function of Paragraph 1?
A．To introduce the topic. B．To clarify a concept.
C．To record some experience. D．To make a prediction.
9．Why can a sense of week be so fragile?
A．Because it does rule the world. B．Because it is tightly related to reality.
C．Because it is not used very often. D．Because it is not based on astronomy.
10．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．The influence of abusing the week.
B．The change of weekly rhythms.
C．The disadvantage of using the week less.
D．The importance of changing the weekly structure.
11．What is the author’s attitude towards the use of the week?
A．Positive. B．Intolerant. C．Negative. D．Unclear.
【答案】8．A 9．D 10．C 11．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲了周概念的普及其带来的优势，以及周概念的淡化引起的误解，并在字里行间表达了作者的观点。
8．推理判断题。根据下文内容，尤其第二段的“The episode (经历), says David Henkin, suggests how fragile a sense of time can be — especially when it comes to weeks. Unlike months or years, these seven-day groupings have no real basis in astronomy. (大卫·亨金说，这一事件表明，时间观念是多么脆弱——尤其是当涉及到几周的时候。不像月或年，这些7天的分组在天文学上没有真正的基础)”和第三段的“And yet the week has become the measure not only of routine, but even of wisdom. (然而，这周不仅成为衡量日常生活的标准，甚至成为衡量智慧的标准)”可知，下文陈述了与“周”这个概念有关的内容。由此推知，第一段通过讲述一个故事导入本文的主题——周概念。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The episode (经历), says David Henkin, suggests how fragile a sense of time can be — especially when it comes to weeks. Unlike months or years, these seven-day groupings have no real basis in astronomy. (大卫·亨金说，这一事件表明，时间观念是多么脆弱——尤其是当涉及到几周的时候。不像月或年，这些7天的分组在天文学上没有真正的基础)”可知，周的感觉很脆弱是因为这七天分组在天文学上没有真正的基础。故选D。
10．主旨大意题。根据第四段“But when newspapers, factory schedules and weekly paydays were all rarer, the weekly structure was less important. People got confused. As late as 1866, the Louisville Courier mentioned a man getting drunk on Friday because he thought it was Saturday. (但当报纸、工厂时间表和每周发薪日都比较少时，每周结构就不那么重要了。人们感到困惑。直到1866年，《路易斯维尔信使报》还提到一名男子星期五喝醉了，因为他以为那是星期六)”可知，本段主要讲述了“周”的使用变少导致人们困惑，即少使用“周”造成的不便。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段的“And yet the week has become the measure not only of routine, but even of wisdom. (然而，这周不仅成为衡量日常生活的标准，甚至成为衡量智慧的标准)”，和第四段陈述少使用“周”造成的不便，以及最后一段的“As towns grew and society became more complicated, citizens “became differently and more intensely week-oriented, in ways we can now recognize as modern”. (随着城镇的发展和社会变得更加复杂，公民‘变得不同，更加注重周，以我们现在可以认识到的现代方式’)”推知，作者对“周”的使用持积极态度。故选A。
D
A child’s early years of language development are important for the basics of school readiness, such as literacy(读写) skills and social and emotional growth. In a recent study, University of Miami Assistant Professor of Psychology Lynn Perry and a team of fellow researchers who examined child speech communications over the course of a year found that children benefit from conversations with their peers(同龄人) and their teachers. The study examined how language use and development in 2- and 3-year-old children was influenced by what they heard from their teachers and their peers.
“Previous research on language development looked mostly at the role of parent-child communication within a home setting or a lab environment, which means we’re missing a big part of a child’s everyday life — the classroom, “said Perry.” We know that parent language is important for children’s development and their academic achievement, but we don’t have much research on what happens in the kindergarten or preschool setting.”
Using a device (设备) called a Language Environment Analysis (LENA) recorder, Perry collected hundreds of hours of audio recordings. Children wore the LENA recorder once a week. LENA software then assessed whether the recorded audio was speech or not, and whether the speech came from the child wearing the recorder or from an adult or another child talking to them.
After studying the audio data, Perry found that the speech children heard from other children was positively related to their own language use, meaning children who heard the most from their peers learn more new words and vocalize more during the course of the year. Additionally, there was a positive association between a teacher talking and children’s language use and development — but only when that teacher talked to the child in a back-and-forth conversation, rather than just talking to the child with no opportunity for the child to respond.
“One important aspect of the study that stands out to me is how important it was to see those conversational turns with teachers, and that back-and-forth conversation with the child is very beneficial. We talked to the teachers about the results, and they are very excited about this finding and currently brainstorming additional opportunities to have conversations with children,” adds Perry.
12．What does the new study focus on?
A．The basics of school readiness for preschool children.
B．The parent-child communication at home or in the lab.
C．The influence of conversations in the kindergarten on children.
D．The ways to improve preschool children’s healthy growth.
13．How did the researchers perform their new study?
A．By observing the children in class.
B．By conducting a survey of teachers.
C．By communicating with the children.
D．By recording the children’s speech in class.
14．What does the underlined word “vocalize” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Listen. B．Speak. C．Read. D．Write.
15．What should teachers do to develop children’s speech ability according to the text?
A．Repeatedly inspire children to speak more.
B．Encourage children to listen to their own speech.
C．Teach children to write more new words.
D．Teach children to read more books.
【答案】12．C 13．D 14．B 15．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出儿童早起的语言发展对他们将来的读写技能以及社会和情感发展具有重要的作用。一项研究表明，教室内的语言交流有助于学龄前儿童语言能力的发展。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The study examined how language use and development in 2- and 3-year-old children was influenced by what they heard from their teachers and their peers.(这项研究测试了2岁和3岁儿童的语言使用和发展是如何受到老师和同龄人所说的话的影响的)”和第二段的“We know that parent language is important for children’s development and their academic achievement, but we don’t have much research on what happens in the kindergarten or preschool setting(我们知道父母的语言对孩子的发展和学业成绩很重要，但我们对幼儿园或学前班的情况没有太多研究)”可知，这项研究的主要内容是集体环境下的交流对学龄前的儿童的影响。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“‘Previous research on language development looked mostly at the role of parent-child communication within a home setting or a lab environment, which means we’re missing a big part of a child’s everyday life—the classroom,’ said Perry.(‘以前关于语言发展的研究大多着眼于家庭环境或实验室环境中亲子沟通的影响，这意味研究者错过了孩子日常生活的很大一部分环境——课堂，’ Perry说)”以及第三段的“Using a device (设备) called a Language Environment Analysis (LENA) recorder, Perry collected hundreds of hours of audio recordings. (佩里使用一种叫做“语言环境分析记录器”的设备，收集了数百小时的音频录音)”内容可知，这项研究主要是通过录下孩子们在课堂上所说的话这一方式进行的。故选D项。
14．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句中的“the speech children heard from other children was positively related to their own language use(孩子们从其他孩子那里听到的语言与他们自己的语言使用呈正相关)”可知，研究了音频数据后，Perry发现孩子们从其他孩子那里听到的话语与他们自己的语言使用呈正相关，结合第一段中的“examined child speech communications(测试孩子的语言交流)”和划线词所在句中的heard可知，这项研究主要是关于孩子的语言交流能力，由此可推知，此处应指从同龄人那里听到最多话语的孩子，能学习到的新词更多，也会说得更多，故vocalize意为“说话”。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Additionally, there was a positive association between a teacher talking and children’s language use and development — but only when that teacher talked to the child in a back-and-forth conversation, rather than just talking to the child with no opportunity for the child to respond.(此外，教师的交谈与儿童的语言使用和发展之间存在着积极的联系——但只有当教师与孩子进行来回交谈时，而不是只与孩子交谈，孩子没有机会回应时才会这样)”和最后一段的“back-and-forth conversation with the child is very beneficial.We talked to the teachers about the results, and they are very excited about this finding and currently brainstorming additional opportunities to have conversations with children(与孩子的来回对话是非常有益的。我们与老师讨论了结果，他们对这一发现非常兴奋，目前正在集思广益，寻找更多与孩子对话的机会)”推知，为了发展孩子的语言能力，教师应反复鼓励孩子多说话，并与他们互动。故选A项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What do the happiest people on earth have in common? Recently, researchers have analyzed the common characteristics of the people who call themselves very, very happy with their lives, and who tend to live long. Here is part of what they have found:
Relationships
Research has found that it is strong personal and social relationships that make people happy. And this is true all throughout your life. ____16____. Socializing with friends and family, in a small and close-knit group, is the most important key to happiness and long life.
Helping others
It is not being helped or loved by others that leads to happiness and long life; it is helping others. ____17____.
Being busy doing things you love and are good at
It is true that one should not be stressed out and rushed all the time. ____18____, if you want to live a long, happy life. However, doing anything under the sun is not the secret to happiness. It is doing things that you are good at, and you are interested in, that makes you happy.
A happy, warm childhood
____19____. A study has noted that “warmth of childhood environment” is a very important predictor of contentment, happiness and even a long life.
Being grateful
In a study of gratitude, researchers at the University of Miami have found that people who consciously think of their blessings feel better about their lives. ____20____, than those who tend to take things for granted.
A．Being helped is of great importance
B．People are happiest when they have loving relationships
C．Children always happily grow up and play with themselves
D．They even exercise more, and make fewer visits to the hospital
E．The happiest people on earth have had a happy, warm, and stable childhood
F．But you have to be engaged in work that makes you busy and fully involved
G．The joy on the face of the people you help makes you contented and joyful yourself
【答案】16．B 17．G 18．F 19．E 20．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了生活得幸福的人的共同特征。
16．根据上文“Research has found that it is strong personal and social relationships that make people happy. And this is true all throughout your life.(研究发现，牢固的人际关系和社会关系使人快乐。你的一生都是如此)”以及后文“Socializing with friends and family, in a small and close-knit group, is the most important key to happiness and long life.(在一个小而紧密的群体中与朋友和家人交往是幸福和长寿的最重要的关键)”可知，后文提到了幸福和长寿的关键是与人交往，可见本句旨在说明人们在有爱的关系时是最幸福的。故B选项“人们在有爱的关系时是最幸福的”符合语境，故选B。
17．根据上文“It is not being helped or loved by others that leads to happiness and long life; it is helping others.(得到别人的帮助或爱并不能带来幸福和长寿；它是帮助别人)”可知，带来幸福和长寿是帮助别人，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明帮助别人带来的作用：使你自己感到满足和快乐。故G选项“你帮助的人脸上的喜悦使你自己感到满足和快乐”符合语境，故选G。
18．根据上文“It is true that one should not be stressed out and rushed all the time.(的确，一个人不应该一直紧张和匆忙)”以及后文“However, doing anything under the sun is not the secret to happiness. It is doing things that you are good at, and you are interested in, that makes you happy.(然而，在世界上做任何事都不是幸福的秘诀。只有做自己擅长和感兴趣的事情才会让你快乐)”可知，上文提到不应该一直紧张和匆忙，后文则提到做自己擅长和感兴趣的事情才会快乐，可知人还是要投入到工作中去，故F选项“但是你必须投入到让你忙得不可开交的工作中去”符合语境，故选F。
19．根据后文“A study has noted that “warmth of childhood environment” is a very important predictor of contentment, happiness and even a long life.(一项研究指出，“童年环境的温暖”是满足、幸福甚至长寿的一个非常重要的预测因素)”可知，后文提到了“童年环境的温暖”是满足、幸福甚至长寿的一个非常重要的预测因素，可见快乐、温暖和稳定的童年有助于人幸福。故E选项“世界上最幸福的人都有快乐、温暖和稳定的童年”符合语境，故选E。
20．根据上文“In a study of gratitude, researchers at the University of Miami have found that people who consciously think of their blessings feel better about their lives.(迈阿密大学的研究人员在一项关于感恩的研究中发现，有意识地想到自己得到的祝福的人对生活感觉更好)”以及后文“than those who tend to take things for granted.(而不是那些把事情看成理所当然的人)”可知，本句旨在说明意识地想到自己得到的祝福的人对生活感觉更好的一些具体表现：锻炼得更多，去医院的次数更少。故D选项“他们甚至锻炼得更多，去医院的次数更少”符合语境，故选D。
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The last class of my old professor’s life took place once a week in his house, ____21____a window in the study where he could watch a small plant. Its subject was The Meaning of Life and it was taught from experience. I was the only student.
____22____grades were given, but there were oral exams each week. You were expected to respond to questions and____23____questions of your own. You were also required to perform physical____24____now and then, such as lifting the professor’s head to a(n) comfortable____25____on the pillow or placing his glasses on the bridge of his nose. No books were required, yet many topics were____26____, including love, work, community, family, aging, forgiveness, and, ____27____death. A funeral was held at his request____28____graduation ceremony. Although no final exam was given, you were ____29____to produce one long paper on what was learned. So a graduation paper titled “Tuesdays with Morrie” is _____30_____here.
Have you ever really had a teacher, one who saw you as a raw but _____31_____thing, a jewel that, with wisdom, could be_____32_____to a proud shine? I am lucky enough to_____33_____my way to such a teacher, Morrie Schwartz, my favorite professor at college. I can still remember he hugged me after the graduation ceremony, “Mitch, you’re one of the good ones. Stay in touch .”I promised I would without hesitation. But I lost touch with him until 15 years later, when he_____34_____ALS (渐冻症) and gave me 14 lessons every_____35_____in his last days.
21．A．through B．on C．outside D．by
22．A．Varied B．Good C．Poor D．No
23．A．answer B．raise C．review D．arouse
24．A．tricks B．experiments C．tasks D．operations
25．A．gesture B．height C．spot D．mode
26．A．covered B．concerned C．engaged D．dealt
27．A．specifically B．eventually C．gradually D．consequently
28．A．in place of B．in celebration of C．in memory of D．in consideration of
29．A．condemned B．opposed C．expected D．equipped
30．A．introduced B．stressed C．presented D．revealed
31．A．expensive B．precious C．rough D．ripe
32．A．polished B．exposed C．shaped D．brightened
33．A．get B．make C．struggle D．find
34．A．formed B．diagnosed C．suffered D．developed
35．A．Saturday B．weekend C．Tuesday D．morning
【答案】
21．D 22．D 23．B 24．C 25．C 26．A 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．C 31．B 32．A 33．D 34．D 35．C
【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者与身患渐冻症的恩师临终前进行的周二探讨人生的谈话，与恩师的“相约星期二”是作者经历的人生必修课，对作者来说很有意义。
21．考查介词词义辨析。句意：我的老教授生命中的最后一门课每周在他家里上一次。那是在书房的窗边，在那里他可以看到一株小植物。A. through通过；B. on在…上；C. outside在外面；D. by在…旁边。结合常识和下文“he could watch a small plant”可推知，在书房的窗边可以看到一株小植物，故选D。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不打分数，每周都有口试。A. Varied各种各样的；B. Good好的；C. Poor差的；D. No没有。根据下文“but there were oral exams each week.”中but可知，上下文有转折关系，没分数，但有口试，故选D。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你需要回答问题，并且提出自己的问题。A. answer回答；B. raise提出；C. review复习；D. arouse唤起。根据上文“respond to questions”和下文“questions of your own”可知，既要回答问题，也要提出自己的问题，故填B。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你也需要不时地干一些体力活，比如将教授的头在枕头上挪到舒适的地方，或者是把眼镜架到他的鼻梁上。A. tricks诡计；B. experiments实验；C. tasks任务；D. operations手术。根据后文“such as lifting the professor’s head to a(n) comfortable 5 on the pillow or placing his glasses on the bridge of his nose.”可知，此处表示一些体力任务，故选C。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你也需要不时地干一些体力活，比如将教授的头在枕头上挪到舒适的地方，或者是把眼镜架到他的鼻梁上。A. gesture姿势；B. height高度；C. spot地方，地点；D. mode模式。根据空后“on the pillow”可知，此处表示将教授的头挪到枕头上舒适的地方，故选C。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：课堂上不需要书本，但涉及的话题很多，包括爱情，工作，社会，年龄，原谅，以及最后死亡。A. covered涉及，涵盖；B. concerned有关，相关；C. engaged参与；D. dealt处理，解决。根据后文“including love, work, community, family, aging, forgiveness, and, 7 death.”可知，此处表示涉及到的话题很多，故选A。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：课堂上不需要书本，但涉及的话题很多，包括爱情，工作，社会，年龄，原谅，以及最后死亡。A. specifically特定地；B. eventually最终，最后；C. gradually渐渐地；D. consequently结果。根据空前 “including love, work, community, family, aging, forgiveness, and,”可知，死亡是最后提到的话题，故选B。
28．考查短语词义辨析。句意：应他的要求，毕业典礼由葬礼替代了。A. in place of代替，替代；B. in celebration of为了庆祝；C. in memory of为了纪念；D. in consideration of考虑。根据空前“A funeral was held at his request”可知，此处表示葬礼替代了毕业典礼，故选A。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然没有期末考试，但你需要写一篇关于所学内容的长篇大论。A. condemned谴责，判处；B. opposed反对；C. expected期望；D. equipped配备。根据上文“Although no final exam was given,”中连词Although可知，上下文有转折关系，结合下文“So a graduation paper titled ‘Tuesdays with Morrie’ is 10 here.”可知，尽管没有期末考试，但仍需要写一篇论文，be expected to do...“被期望做……”，故选C。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，这里有一篇题为《与莫瑞共度星期二》的毕业论文。A. introduced介绍；B. stressed强调；C. presented呈现，上交；D. revealed揭露。根据“a graduation paper titled ‘Tuesdays with Morrie’”可知，论文被提交，故选C。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你是否遇到过这么一位老师？他将你看作是一块天然而珍贵的珍宝，运用一定的智慧，便能经过打磨发出耀眼的光芒。A. expensive昂贵的；B. precious珍贵的；C. rough粗糙的；D. ripe成熟的。根据后文的“a jewel”可知，此处表示珍贵的珍宝，故选B。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你是否遇到过这么一位老师？他将你看作是一块天然而珍贵的珍宝，运用一定的智慧，便能经过打磨发出耀眼的光芒。A. polished打磨，润色；B. exposed暴露；C. shaped塑形；D. brightened使发光。根据后文“to a proud shine”可知，此处表示经过打磨而发出耀眼的光芒，故选A。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很幸运，找到这么一位老师，Morrie Schwartz我大学最喜欢的教授。A. get得到；B. make制作；C. struggle努力，挣扎；D. find找到。根据空后“my way to such a teacher”可知，此处表示找到这么一位老师，故选D。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我和他失去了联系。直到15年后，当时他得了渐冻症，在他最后的时间了每周二给我总共上了14节课。A. formed形成；B. diagnosed诊断；C. suffered遭受；D. developed患(病)。根据空后的“ALS (渐冻症) and gave me 14 lessons every 15 in his last days.”可知，此处表示他患了渐冻症，故选D。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是我和他失去了联系。直到15年后，当时他得了渐冻症，在他最后的时间了每周二给我总共上了14节课。A. Saturday星期六；B. weekend周末；C. Tuesday星期二；D. morning早上。根据前文“So a graduation paper titled ‘Tuesdays with Morrie’ is 10 here.”的提示可知，此处表示每周二上的课，故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。
Have you ever paid attention to your school’s security guards? Would you say “good morning” to the cleaners? For Ding Jiacheng, a boy from Hangzhou Entel Foreign Language School, ___36___ is a problem that many students ignore the important jobs done by these non-teaching staff. He wanted to make ___37___ change.
Ding worked on a project called “The Invisible Are Significant”, ___38___ (hope) more students would respect the “invisible” staff. The project won a prize at China Thinks Big, a competition ___39___ (hold) by Harvard and Tsinghua University to encourage teenagers to explore important ___40___ (globe) issues and focus on solutions.
To investigate students’ attitude ___41___ this group, he designed a questionnaire. “In one question, 56 percent of the students said they would greet those non-teaching workers, ___42___ only 17 percent strongly believe that every student should do so,” said Ding.
The main reason, according to Ding, is that students know little about the work done by them and have few ___43___ (chance) to communicate with them. Therefore, Ding’s team ___44___ (shoot) videos to show staff working on campus. They also held a basketball match between students and non-teaching staff to increase their interaction.
“Explore and understand society in practice, and influence the people around us. That’s ____45____ the meaning of the project lies,” said Ding.
【答案】
36．it 37．a 38．hoping 39．held 40．global 41．to##toward##towards 42．while##but 43．chances 44．shot 45．where
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了杭州英特外国语学校的一位学生开展“隐形的是重要的”的项目，希望更多的学生尊重“隐形的”员工。
36．考查形式主语。句意：对于来自杭州英特外国语学校的男孩丁嘉诚来说，许多学生忽视了这些非教学人员所做的重要工作，这是一个问题。it做主句形式主语，that主语从句是主句真正主语。故填it。
37．考查冠词。句意：他想做出改变。change以辅音音素开头，泛指“改变”，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
38．考查现在分词。句意：丁嘉诚从事了一个名为“隐形的是重要的”的项目，希望更多的学生尊重“隐形的”员工。本句已有谓语worked on且无连词，动词hope用非谓语形式，逻辑主语Ding与动词hope是主谓关系，hope用现在分词（doing）表主动，作伴随状语。故填hoping。
39．考查过去分词。句意：该项目在哈佛大学和清华大学举办的“中国思考大”竞赛中获奖，该竞赛旨在鼓励青少年探索重要的全球问题并专注于解决方案。本句已有谓语won且无连词，动词hold用非谓语形式，逻辑主语a competition与动词hold是被动关系，hold用过去分词作后置定语。故填held。
40．考查形容词。句意：该项目在哈佛大学和清华大学举办的“中国思考大”竞赛中获奖，该竞赛旨在鼓励青少年探索重要的全球问题并专注于解决方案。形容词global作定语，修饰名词issues。故填global。
41．考查介词。句意：为了调查学生对这个群体的态度，他设计了一份问卷。attitude to/toward/towards (对……的态度)。故填to/toward/towards。
42．考查连词。句意：“在一个问题中，56%的学生说他们会问候那些非教职员工，而或但是只有17%的学生坚信每个学生都应该这样做，”丁嘉诚说。用连词while (然而)表对比，或用连词but (但是)表转折。故填while/but。
43．考查名词复数。句意：丁嘉诚说，主要原因是学生对他们所做的工作知之甚少，很少有机会与他们交流。由few修饰，用可数名词chance的复数形式。故填chances。
44．考查时态。句意：因此，丁嘉诚的团队拍摄了员工在校园工作的视频。结合全文可知，时态以一般过去时为主，事情已发生，谓语动词shoot用一般过去时。故填shot。
45．考查表语从句。句意：“在实践中探索和理解社会，影响我们周围的人。这就是项目的意义所在，”丁嘉诚说。该空后接表语从句，且连接词在从句中作地点状语，用连接副词where。故填where。
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．假定你是李华，你校开设了丰富的劳动课程（Labor Skill Course），请你给英国朋友Peter写一封邮件。内容包括：
1.课程内容；
2.你的感受；
3.询问Peter劳动课情况。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.请按格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
How are you recently? I’m writing to tell you about our school’s Labor Skill Course.
To form the students’ correct view of labor, colorful labor programs are open every week. We can help plant vegetables or feed chickens in the school-run farm. Besides, students are also encouraged to participate in community service and voluntary work.
Most of us are fascinated by the course because it offers an alternative to our busy school life. Not only are we relaxed but also we have gained a higher moral value on life.
What is the Labor Skill Course like in your school?
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Peter写一封邮件，告知他你校的劳动课程的相关信息，内容包括：1.课程内容；2.你的感受；3.询问Peter劳动课情况。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
最近：recently→lately
观点：view→opinion
另外：besides→moreover
参加：participate in→take part in
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：To form the students’ correct view of labor, colorful labor programs are open every week.
拓展句：Colorful labor programs are open every week, the purpose of which is to form the students’ correct view of labor.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Most of us are fascinated by the course because it offers an alternative to our busy school life. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句)
[高分句型2] Not only are we relaxed but also we have gained a higher moral value on life. (运用了部分倒装句)
第二节（满分25分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Little Tom lived with his poor grandmother Donna in a village. Every day, Tom sold potatoes grown by Donna in a market.
One day, an old foreigner aroused Tom’s curiosity. He frequently visited Tom’s stall (摊位) but didn’t buy. The next day, the man passed from one vendor (小贩) to the next, waving a bag around. But he didn’t visit Tom’s stall that day. Out of curiosity, Tom asked a vendor nearby to temporarily look after his stall. Then, he followed the foreigner.
The man went back to his broken-down house near the market and took several old medals from his bag. “Wow!” Tom said. “I won them in my own country,” the man said proudly, then asking why Tom came here. Tom explained, “I’m wondering why you didn’t visit my stall today.” “Oh, I don’t need potatoes. I need firewood, so I walked around the market looking for someone who would buy these medals and give me money in exchange,” he lied.
Tom left and brought back many potatoes from his stall, saying, “If you don’t have money, you can’t buy food. Keep my grandma’s potatoes.” But the man insisted he had enough food. Tom went back, upset; he could see the man was hungry and weak.
The third day, the man reached the market, selling medals again. He valued them, which were his honors. But after a disaster, now he had to sell them to survive. He looked weaker. Tom packed some potatoes, walking towards him again. From his conversations with vendors, Tom found him trying to sell medals for food! But no one believed his medals were true.
Disappointed, the man sat alone by the roadside. Tom approached him, saying, “I saw it! Why didn’t you let me help you?” Almost crying, he said, “I’m sorry, but I was too embarrassed to ask for your help. Now could you give me your potatoes in exchange for the medals?”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Sure,” Tom said while nodding his head.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“But Tom, the medals are valuable to the man. We should give them back,” added Donna.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
“Sure,” Tom said while nodding his head. Then he handed him a bag of potatoes. “These potatoes should last you at least a week.” Crying, the man thanked Tom and introduced himself as Conner. “Please take care of yourself. See you later,” Tom said and walked away happily. However, soon he was worried his grandmother would blame him for giving potatoes away. After reaching home, he told Donna what he had done nervously. To his surprise, Donna said, “I’m so proud of you.”
“But Tom, the medals are valuable to the man. We should give them back,” added Donna. Tom agreed right away. The next day, they visited Conner and returned the medals. So touched, Conner thanked them again and again. After that day, vendors in the market heard about Tom’s acts of kindness, and they also offered to help Conner out. Tom was happy that a small act of his own helped someone in need and inspired kindness in others.
【导语】本文以土豆为线索，讲述了Tom跟着奶奶去集市上卖土豆，看到了一个奇怪外国人，Tom在知道那个外国人没有钱买吃的后，就提了一兜土豆送给他，但是被他拒绝了。第三天，外国人拿着他珍贵的勋章想要卖了，然后换取食物，但是没人相信他的勋章是真的。于是Tom就拿了一袋土豆和他交换了勋章。回到家，奶奶不仅没有责备他，反而和他一起将勋章还给了那个人。市场上的人都知道了这件事，大家一起向那个外国人伸出了援助之手。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“‘好的！’Tom边说边点头。”可知，本段可以写Tom与外国人以一袋土豆交换了勋章，回家后忐忑不安地将事情的经过告诉了奶奶。奶奶并没有责备他，并且夸奖了他。
②由第二段首句内容“奶奶补充道：‘但是，这些勋章对他来说很重要，我们应该还给他’。”可知，本段可以描写奶奶和Tom一起将勋章还给那个外国人。集市上的人都听说了这件事，纷纷向那个人伸出了援助之手。
2.续写线索：交换勋章→告诉奶奶→奶奶夸奖他，并说要归还勋章→还勋章→大家一起帮助他。
3.词汇激活：
行为类：
责备：blame/reproach/reprove
到达：reach/get to/arrive at
感谢：thank/express gratitude to
情绪类：
惊讶：surprise/amazement/astonishment
感动的：touched/moved
高兴的：happy/cheerful/delighted
【点睛】【高分句型1】
Crying, the man thanked Tom and introduced himself as Conner.（运用了现在分词做状语。）
【高分句型2】
After reaching home, he told Donna what he had done nervously.（运用了what引导宾语从句。）
2023年高考第一模拟考试卷英语（广东B卷）
全解全析
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：120分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Some libraries use unique architecture to encourage visitors to explore the racks and settle down with a new book, or use flowing libraries to bring books to hard-to-reach populations.
Kansas City Library (Kansas City, Missouri)
Along the south wall of this parking garage’s exterior, visitors are treated to what looks like a huge shelf of books. The building originally served as a bank, which is readily apparent when the library has screenings in its Vault Theater, inside an actual 1925 bank vault.
Stuttgart City Library (Stuttgart, Germany)
Opened in 2011, this nine-story public library designed by Eun Young Yi is characterized by its impressive white-on-white color scheme, its bold cubic shape and its cavernous interior. This cultural center for the city, designed to feel open and full of light, can be entered from any of its four sides, and readers can borrow artwork as well as books.
The Camel Library Service (North Eastern Province, Kenya)
To fight with low literacy rates in the desert of Kenya, the government created a roaming library composed of nine camels to bring books to villages. The library travels four days a week serving the region’s migratory people. Currently the service focuses on children, but with more funding they plan to increase their reach both in distance and the titles they carry.
Macquarie University Library (Sydney, Australia)
A stunning combination of cutting edge and sustainable, this building was made from recycled materials, features a green roof, and was designed to imitate the look of a eucalyptus tree. It is also state of the art, using robot cranes to bring requested books to the front desk.
1．What is the feature of Kansas City Library?
A．It used to be a bank. B．It has only a book shelf.
C．It served as a park lot. D．It makes use of robot cranes.
2．Which of the following provides books for migratory people?
A．Kansas City Library. B．Stuttgart City Library.
C．The Camel Library Service. D．Macquarie University Library.
3．What’s the purpose of the libraries?
A．To sell the artwork in libraries. B．To urge people to read books.
C．To show the art of architecture. D．To keep people staying in the libraries.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个图书馆的情况。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The building originally served as a bank, which is readily apparent when the library has screenings in its Vault Theater, inside an actual 1925 bank vault.(这座建筑最初是一家银行，当图书馆在1925年的银行保险库里放映电影时，很容易看出这一点)”可知，堪萨斯城图书馆的特色是它以前是一家银行。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The library travels four days a week serving the region’s migratory people.(该图书馆每周旅行四天，为该地区的流动人口服务)”可知，The Camel Library Service为流动人口提供书籍。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第一段“Some libraries use unique architecture to encourage visitors to explore the racks and settle down with a new book, or use flowing libraries to bring books to hard-to-reach populations.(一些图书馆使用独特的建筑来鼓励游客探索书架，并放上一本新书，或者使用流动的图书馆把书带给难以接触到的人群)”可知，图书馆的目的是鼓励人们读书。故选B。
B
In Yarmouth I was put on the long-distance coach to London, and travelled all through the night. At the coach station in London I was collected by a teacher, Mr. Mell, and taken to Salem House, the school which Mr. Murdstone had chosen for me.
The school was a large old building with a dusty playground, surrounded by a high brick wall. It looked strangely deserted. I was very surprised to find that none of the boys were there, and was told that they were all on holiday and that I had been sent there during the holidays as a punishment for my wickedness. The headmaster and teachers were on holiday too, all except for Mr. Mell, who had to look after me.
I spent a whole month in that miserable place, doing my lessons in the dirty, empty classroom, which smelt of old food and unwashed boys. Every evening I had to eat my supper with Mr. Mell, and then go straight to bed. The worst thing was the sign I had to wear round my neck. It said: BE CAREFUL! HE BITES. I was only allowed to take it off when I went to bed.
Although I was extremely lonely and unhappy at this time, I was not looking forward to meeting all the other boys. I felt sure they would laugh at me and especially at the sign I was forced to wear. But one day Mr. Mell told me that the headmaster, Mr. Creakle, had returned, and wanted to see me. So I went, trembling to his part of the house.
I realized at once that Mr. Creakle lived much more comfortably than the boys or the teachers. He was a small, fat man with a purple nose, who was sitting in an armchair with a bottle and a glass in front of him.
4．Which of the following best describes the school?
A．Strange and crowded. B．Old and abandoned.
C．Comfortable and empty. D．Filthy and smelly.
5．Which can be the possible reason for the author’s being sent to the school?
A．He needed a better environment for education.
B．He bit someone and got punished.
C．He was a wicked boy and was supposed to turn better.
D．He was unhappy and lonely so he intended to meet other boys.
6．How did the author feel when he was to meet the headmaster?
A．Overjoyed. B．Terrified. C．Eager. D．Surprised.
7．What would the author write about in the paragraphs that follow?
A．How he missed his parents.
B．How Mr. Mell taught him lessons.
C．How he communicated with Mr. Creakle.
D．How Mr. Creakle comforted him and had a big dinner with him.
【答案】4．D 5．B 6．B 7．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为咬人而被送到一所又旧又荒凉的学校去接受惩罚。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段中“I spent a whole month in that miserable place, doing my lessons in the dirty, empty classroom, which smelt of old food and unwashed boys. ”（我在那个糟糕的地方呆了整整一个月，在又脏又空的教室里上课，教室里弥漫着老食物和没洗澡的男孩的味道。）可知，作者来的这所学校又脏又臭，故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ I had been sent there during the holidays as a punishment for my wickedness. ”（我在假期被送到那里，作为对我恶行的惩罚。）可知，作者被送到这所学校是作为对他所犯的恶行的惩罚，根据倒数第三段中“The worst thing was the sign I had to wear round my neck. It said: BE CAREFUL! HE BITES.”（最糟糕的是我不得不挂在脖子上的牌子，上面写着：小心! 他咬人。）可知，作者因为咬人的恶行而被送到了这个学校。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“So I went, trembling to his part of the house. ”（于是我颤抖着走到他的房子那一部分。）可知，作者在去见校长的时候，他是害怕的。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句“So I went, trembling to his part of the house. ”（于是我颤抖着走到他的房子那一部分。）可知，作者去见校长使作者时害怕的。最后一段“He was a small, fat man with a purple nose, who was sitting in an armchair with a bottle and a glass in front of him.”（他是一个又矮又胖的紫鼻子男人，坐在扶手椅上，面前放着一个瓶子和一个玻璃杯。）提到了作者对校长的第一印象，可推知，接下来的内容可以描述校长和作者之间的谈话。故选C。
C
In the autumn of 1853 Thomas Butler Gunn got lost — temporarily rather than physically. On a visit to Mammoth Cave in Kentucky, and isolated from the outside world, his diary quickly divorced the time order of reality. Wednesdays are repeated and days go mislabelled. It took around a fortnight, and renewed contact with civilization, for Gunn to restore his weekly bearings.
The episode (经历), says David Henkin, suggests how fragile a sense of time can be — especially when it comes to weeks. Unlike months or years, these seven-day groupings have no real basis in astronomy. People from Nigeria to China have lived well without them.
And yet the week has become the measure not only of routine, but even of wisdom. “Weekly rhythms have become so thoroughly absorbed into ordinary human experience,” Mr Henkin writes, “that forgetting what day it is constitutes a singular symptom and feeling of disorientation (迷失方向).” His new book shows how the week came to rule the world.
But when newspapers, factory schedules and weekly paydays were all rarer, the weekly structure was less important. People got confused. As late as 1866, the Louisville Courier mentioned a man getting drunk on Friday because he thought it was Saturday.
As towns grew and society became more complicated, citizens “became differently and more intensely week-oriented, in ways we can now recognize as modern”. When his local charity met on Wednesdays in 1859, and choral concerts were scheduled for Fridays, James Fiske of Massachusetts couldn’t afford to mix up his days. Japan formally adopted the seven-day system only in 1873; all the same, a character in a novel by Haruki Murakami is as sure of something “as I am sure that today is Wednesday”.
8．What is the function of Paragraph 1?
A．To introduce the topic. B．To clarify a concept.
C．To record some experience. D．To make a prediction.
9．Why can a sense of week be so fragile?
A．Because it does rule the world. B．Because it is tightly related to reality.
C．Because it is not used very often. D．Because it is not based on astronomy.
10．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．The influence of abusing the week.
B．The change of weekly rhythms.
C．The disadvantage of using the week less.
D．The importance of changing the weekly structure.
11．What is the author’s attitude towards the use of the week?
A．Positive. B．Intolerant. C．Negative. D．Unclear.
【答案】8．A 9．D 10．C 11．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲了周概念的普及其带来的优势，以及周概念的淡化引起的误解，并在字里行间表达了作者的观点。
8．推理判断题。根据下文内容，尤其第二段的“The episode (经历), says David Henkin, suggests how fragile a sense of time can be — especially when it comes to weeks. Unlike months or years, these seven-day groupings have no real basis in astronomy. (大卫·亨金说，这一事件表明，时间观念是多么脆弱——尤其是当涉及到几周的时候。不像月或年，这些7天的分组在天文学上没有真正的基础)”和第三段的“And yet the week has become the measure not only of routine, but even of wisdom. (然而，这周不仅成为衡量日常生活的标准，甚至成为衡量智慧的标准)”可知，下文陈述了与“周”这个概念有关的内容。由此推知，第一段通过讲述一个故事导入本文的主题——周概念。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The episode (经历), says David Henkin, suggests how fragile a sense of time can be — especially when it comes to weeks. Unlike months or years, these seven-day groupings have no real basis in astronomy. (大卫·亨金说，这一事件表明，时间观念是多么脆弱——尤其是当涉及到几周的时候。不像月或年，这些7天的分组在天文学上没有真正的基础)”可知，周的感觉很脆弱是因为这七天分组在天文学上没有真正的基础。故选D。
10．主旨大意题。根据第四段“But when newspapers, factory schedules and weekly paydays were all rarer, the weekly structure was less important. People got confused. As late as 1866, the Louisville Courier mentioned a man getting drunk on Friday because he thought it was Saturday. (但当报纸、工厂时间表和每周发薪日都比较少时，每周结构就不那么重要了。人们感到困惑。直到1866年，《路易斯维尔信使报》还提到一名男子星期五喝醉了，因为他以为那是星期六)”可知，本段主要讲述了“周”的使用变少导致人们困惑，即少使用“周”造成的不便。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段的“And yet the week has become the measure not only of routine, but even of wisdom. (然而，这周不仅成为衡量日常生活的标准，甚至成为衡量智慧的标准)”，和第四段陈述少使用“周”造成的不便，以及最后一段的“As towns grew and society became more complicated, citizens “became differently and more intensely week-oriented, in ways we can now recognize as modern”. (随着城镇的发展和社会变得更加复杂，公民‘变得不同，更加注重周，以我们现在可以认识到的现代方式’)”推知，作者对“周”的使用持积极态度。故选A。
D
A child’s early years of language development are important for the basics of school readiness, such as literacy(读写) skills and social and emotional growth. In a recent study, University of Miami Assistant Professor of Psychology Lynn Perry and a team of fellow researchers who examined child speech communications over the course of a year found that children benefit from conversations with their peers(同龄人) and their teachers. The study examined how language use and development in 2- and 3-year-old children was influenced by what they heard from their teachers and their peers.
“Previous research on language development looked mostly at the role of parent-child communication within a home setting or a lab environment, which means we’re missing a big part of a child’s everyday life — the classroom, “said Perry.” We know that parent language is important for children’s development and their academic achievement, but we don’t have much research on what happens in the kindergarten or preschool setting.”
Using a device (设备) called a Language Environment Analysis (LENA) recorder, Perry collected hundreds of hours of audio recordings. Children wore the LENA recorder once a week. LENA software then assessed whether the recorded audio was speech or not, and whether the speech came from the child wearing the recorder or from an adult or another child talking to them.
After studying the audio data, Perry found that the speech children heard from other children was positively related to their own language use, meaning children who heard the most from their peers learn more new words and vocalize more during the course of the year. Additionally, there was a positive association between a teacher talking and children’s language use and development — but only when that teacher talked to the child in a back-and-forth conversation, rather than just talking to the child with no opportunity for the child to respond.
“One important aspect of the study that stands out to me is how important it was to see those conversational turns with teachers, and that back-and-forth conversation with the child is very beneficial. We talked to the teachers about the results, and they are very excited about this finding and currently brainstorming additional opportunities to have conversations with children,” adds Perry.
12．What does the new study focus on?
A．The basics of school readiness for preschool children.
B．The parent-child communication at home or in the lab.
C．The influence of conversations in the kindergarten on children.
D．The ways to improve preschool children’s healthy growth.
13．How did the researchers perform their new study?
A．By observing the children in class.
B．By conducting a survey of teachers.
C．By communicating with the children.
D．By recording the children’s speech in class.
14．What does the underlined word “vocalize” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Listen. B．Speak. C．Read. D．Write.
15．What should teachers do to develop children’s speech ability according to the text?
A．Repeatedly inspire children to speak more.
B．Encourage children to listen to their own speech.
C．Teach children to write more new words.
D．Teach children to read more books.
【答案】12．C 13．D 14．B 15．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出儿童早起的语言发展对他们将来的读写技能以及社会和情感发展具有重要的作用。一项研究表明，教室内的语言交流有助于学龄前儿童语言能力的发展。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The study examined how language use and development in 2- and 3-year-old children was influenced by what they heard from their teachers and their peers.(这项研究测试了2岁和3岁儿童的语言使用和发展是如何受到老师和同龄人所说的话的影响的)”和第二段的“We know that parent language is important for children’s development and their academic achievement, but we don’t have much research on what happens in the kindergarten or preschool setting(我们知道父母的语言对孩子的发展和学业成绩很重要，但我们对幼儿园或学前班的情况没有太多研究)”可知，这项研究的主要内容是集体环境下的交流对学龄前的儿童的影响。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“‘Previous research on language development looked mostly at the role of parent-child communication within a home setting or a lab environment, which means we’re missing a big part of a child’s everyday life—the classroom,’ said Perry.(‘以前关于语言发展的研究大多着眼于家庭环境或实验室环境中亲子沟通的影响，这意味研究者错过了孩子日常生活的很大一部分环境——课堂，’ Perry说)”以及第三段的“Using a device (设备) called a Language Environment Analysis (LENA) recorder, Perry collected hundreds of hours of audio recordings. (佩里使用一种叫做“语言环境分析记录器”的设备，收集了数百小时的音频录音)”内容可知，这项研究主要是通过录下孩子们在课堂上所说的话这一方式进行的。故选D项。
14．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句中的“the speech children heard from other children was positively related to their own language use(孩子们从其他孩子那里听到的语言与他们自己的语言使用呈正相关)”可知，研究了音频数据后，Perry发现孩子们从其他孩子那里听到的话语与他们自己的语言使用呈正相关，结合第一段中的“examined child speech communications(测试孩子的语言交流)”和划线词所在句中的heard可知，这项研究主要是关于孩子的语言交流能力，由此可推知，此处应指从同龄人那里听到最多话语的孩子，能学习到的新词更多，也会说得更多，故vocalize意为“说话”。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Additionally, there was a positive association between a teacher talking and children’s language use and development — but only when that teacher talked to the child in a back-and-forth conversation, rather than just talking to the child with no opportunity for the child to respond.(此外，教师的交谈与儿童的语言使用和发展之间存在着积极的联系——但只有当教师与孩子进行来回交谈时，而不是只与孩子交谈，孩子没有机会回应时才会这样)”和最后一段的“back-and-forth conversation with the child is very beneficial.We talked to the teachers about the results, and they are very excited about this finding and currently brainstorming additional opportunities to have conversations with children(与孩子的来回对话是非常有益的。我们与老师讨论了结果，他们对这一发现非常兴奋，目前正在集思广益，寻找更多与孩子对话的机会)”推知，为了发展孩子的语言能力，教师应反复鼓励孩子多说话，并与他们互动。故选A项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What do the happiest people on earth have in common? Recently, researchers have analyzed the common characteristics of the people who call themselves very, very happy with their lives, and who tend to live long. Here is part of what they have found:
Relationships
Research has found that it is strong personal and social relationships that make people happy. And this is true all throughout your life. ____16____. Socializing with friends and family, in a small and close-knit group, is the most important key to happiness and long life.
Helping others
It is not being helped or loved by others that leads to happiness and long life; it is helping others. ____17____.
Being busy doing things you love and are good at
It is true that one should not be stressed out and rushed all the time. ____18____, if you want to live a long, happy life. However, doing anything under the sun is not the secret to happiness. It is doing things that you are good at, and you are interested in, that makes you happy.
A happy, warm childhood
____19____. A study has noted that “warmth of childhood environment” is a very important predictor of contentment, happiness and even a long life.
Being grateful
In a study of gratitude, researchers at the University of Miami have found that people who consciously think of their blessings feel better about their lives. ____20____, than those who tend to take things for granted.
A．Being helped is of great importance
B．People are happiest when they have loving relationships
C．Children always happily grow up and play with themselves
D．They even exercise more, and make fewer visits to the hospital
E．The happiest people on earth have had a happy, warm, and stable childhood
F．But you have to be engaged in work that makes you busy and fully involved
G．The joy on the face of the people you help makes you contented and joyful yourself
【答案】16．B 17．G 18．F 19．E 20．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了生活得幸福的人的共同特征。
16．根据上文“Research has found that it is strong personal and social relationships that make people happy. And this is true all throughout your life.(研究发现，牢固的人际关系和社会关系使人快乐。你的一生都是如此)”以及后文“Socializing with friends and family, in a small and close-knit group, is the most important key to happiness and long life.(在一个小而紧密的群体中与朋友和家人交往是幸福和长寿的最重要的关键)”可知，后文提到了幸福和长寿的关键是与人交往，可见本句旨在说明人们在有爱的关系时是最幸福的。故B选项“人们在有爱的关系时是最幸福的”符合语境，故选B。
17．根据上文“It is not being helped or loved by others that leads to happiness and long life; it is helping others.(得到别人的帮助或爱并不能带来幸福和长寿；它是帮助别人)”可知，带来幸福和长寿是帮助别人，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明帮助别人带来的作用：使你自己感到满足和快乐。故G选项“你帮助的人脸上的喜悦使你自己感到满足和快乐”符合语境，故选G。
18．根据上文“It is true that one should not be stressed out and rushed all the time.(的确，一个人不应该一直紧张和匆忙)”以及后文“However, doing anything under the sun is not the secret to happiness. It is doing things that you are good at, and you are interested in, that makes you happy.(然而，在世界上做任何事都不是幸福的秘诀。只有做自己擅长和感兴趣的事情才会让你快乐)”可知，上文提到不应该一直紧张和匆忙，后文则提到做自己擅长和感兴趣的事情才会快乐，可知人还是要投入到工作中去，故F选项“但是你必须投入到让你忙得不可开交的工作中去”符合语境，故选F。
19．根据后文“A study has noted that “warmth of childhood environment” is a very important predictor of contentment, happiness and even a long life.(一项研究指出，“童年环境的温暖”是满足、幸福甚至长寿的一个非常重要的预测因素)”可知，后文提到了“童年环境的温暖”是满足、幸福甚至长寿的一个非常重要的预测因素，可见快乐、温暖和稳定的童年有助于人幸福。故E选项“世界上最幸福的人都有快乐、温暖和稳定的童年”符合语境，故选E。
20．根据上文“In a study of gratitude, researchers at the University of Miami have found that people who consciously think of their blessings feel better about their lives.(迈阿密大学的研究人员在一项关于感恩的研究中发现，有意识地想到自己得到的祝福的人对生活感觉更好)”以及后文“than those who tend to take things for granted.(而不是那些把事情看成理所当然的人)”可知，本句旨在说明意识地想到自己得到的祝福的人对生活感觉更好的一些具体表现：锻炼得更多，去医院的次数更少。故D选项“他们甚至锻炼得更多，去医院的次数更少”符合语境，故选D。
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The last class of my old professor’s life took place once a week in his house, ____21____a window in the study where he could watch a small plant. Its subject was The Meaning of Life and it was taught from experience. I was the only student.
____22____grades were given, but there were oral exams each week. You were expected to respond to questions and____23____questions of your own. You were also required to perform physical____24____now and then, such as lifting the professor’s head to a(n) comfortable____25____on the pillow or placing his glasses on the bridge of his nose. No books were required, yet many topics were____26____, including love, work, community, family, aging, forgiveness, and, ____27____death. A funeral was held at his request____28____graduation ceremony. Although no final exam was given, you were ____29____to produce one long paper on what was learned. So a graduation paper titled “Tuesdays with Morrie” is _____30_____here.
Have you ever really had a teacher, one who saw you as a raw but _____31_____thing, a jewel that, with wisdom, could be_____32_____to a proud shine? I am lucky enough to_____33_____my way to such a teacher, Morrie Schwartz, my favorite professor at college. I can still remember he hugged me after the graduation ceremony, “Mitch, you’re one of the good ones. Stay in touch .”I promised I would without hesitation. But I lost touch with him until 15 years later, when he_____34_____ALS (渐冻症) and gave me 14 lessons every_____35_____in his last days.
21．A．through B．on C．outside D．by
22．A．Varied B．Good C．Poor D．No
23．A．answer B．raise C．review D．arouse
24．A．tricks B．experiments C．tasks D．operations
25．A．gesture B．height C．spot D．mode
26．A．covered B．concerned C．engaged D．dealt
27．A．specifically B．eventually C．gradually D．consequently
28．A．in place of B．in celebration of C．in memory of D．in consideration of
29．A．condemned B．opposed C．expected D．equipped
30．A．introduced B．stressed C．presented D．revealed
31．A．expensive B．precious C．rough D．ripe
32．A．polished B．exposed C．shaped D．brightened
33．A．get B．make C．struggle D．find
34．A．formed B．diagnosed C．suffered D．developed
35．A．Saturday B．weekend C．Tuesday D．morning
【答案】
21．D 22．D 23．B 24．C 25．C 26．A 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．C 31．B 32．A 33．D 34．D 35．C
【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者与身患渐冻症的恩师临终前进行的周二探讨人生的谈话，与恩师的“相约星期二”是作者经历的人生必修课，对作者来说很有意义。
21．考查介词词义辨析。句意：我的老教授生命中的最后一门课每周在他家里上一次。那是在书房的窗边，在那里他可以看到一株小植物。A. through通过；B. on在…上；C. outside在外面；D. by在…旁边。结合常识和下文“he could watch a small plant”可推知，在书房的窗边可以看到一株小植物，故选D。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不打分数，每周都有口试。A. Varied各种各样的；B. Good好的；C. Poor差的；D. No没有。根据下文“but there were oral exams each week.”中but可知，上下文有转折关系，没分数，但有口试，故选D。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你需要回答问题，并且提出自己的问题。A. answer回答；B. raise提出；C. review复习；D. arouse唤起。根据上文“respond to questions”和下文“questions of your own”可知，既要回答问题，也要提出自己的问题，故填B。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你也需要不时地干一些体力活，比如将教授的头在枕头上挪到舒适的地方，或者是把眼镜架到他的鼻梁上。A. tricks诡计；B. experiments实验；C. tasks任务；D. operations手术。根据后文“such as lifting the professor’s head to a(n) comfortable 5 on the pillow or placing his glasses on the bridge of his nose.”可知，此处表示一些体力任务，故选C。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你也需要不时地干一些体力活，比如将教授的头在枕头上挪到舒适的地方，或者是把眼镜架到他的鼻梁上。A. gesture姿势；B. height高度；C. spot地方，地点；D. mode模式。根据空后“on the pillow”可知，此处表示将教授的头挪到枕头上舒适的地方，故选C。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：课堂上不需要书本，但涉及的话题很多，包括爱情，工作，社会，年龄，原谅，以及最后死亡。A. covered涉及，涵盖；B. concerned有关，相关；C. engaged参与；D. dealt处理，解决。根据后文“including love, work, community, family, aging, forgiveness, and, 7 death.”可知，此处表示涉及到的话题很多，故选A。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：课堂上不需要书本，但涉及的话题很多，包括爱情，工作，社会，年龄，原谅，以及最后死亡。A. specifically特定地；B. eventually最终，最后；C. gradually渐渐地；D. consequently结果。根据空前 “including love, work, community, family, aging, forgiveness, and,”可知，死亡是最后提到的话题，故选B。
28．考查短语词义辨析。句意：应他的要求，毕业典礼由葬礼替代了。A. in place of代替，替代；B. in celebration of为了庆祝；C. in memory of为了纪念；D. in consideration of考虑。根据空前“A funeral was held at his request”可知，此处表示葬礼替代了毕业典礼，故选A。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然没有期末考试，但你需要写一篇关于所学内容的长篇大论。A. condemned谴责，判处；B. opposed反对；C. expected期望；D. equipped配备。根据上文“Although no final exam was given,”中连词Although可知，上下文有转折关系，结合下文“So a graduation paper titled ‘Tuesdays with Morrie’ is 10 here.”可知，尽管没有期末考试，但仍需要写一篇论文，be expected to do...“被期望做……”，故选C。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，这里有一篇题为《与莫瑞共度星期二》的毕业论文。A. introduced介绍；B. stressed强调；C. presented呈现，上交；D. revealed揭露。根据“a graduation paper titled ‘Tuesdays with Morrie’”可知，论文被提交，故选C。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你是否遇到过这么一位老师？他将你看作是一块天然而珍贵的珍宝，运用一定的智慧，便能经过打磨发出耀眼的光芒。A. expensive昂贵的；B. precious珍贵的；C. rough粗糙的；D. ripe成熟的。根据后文的“a jewel”可知，此处表示珍贵的珍宝，故选B。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你是否遇到过这么一位老师？他将你看作是一块天然而珍贵的珍宝，运用一定的智慧，便能经过打磨发出耀眼的光芒。A. polished打磨，润色；B. exposed暴露；C. shaped塑形；D. brightened使发光。根据后文“to a proud shine”可知，此处表示经过打磨而发出耀眼的光芒，故选A。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很幸运，找到这么一位老师，Morrie Schwartz我大学最喜欢的教授。A. get得到；B. make制作；C. struggle努力，挣扎；D. find找到。根据空后“my way to such a teacher”可知，此处表示找到这么一位老师，故选D。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我和他失去了联系。直到15年后，当时他得了渐冻症，在他最后的时间了每周二给我总共上了14节课。A. formed形成；B. diagnosed诊断；C. suffered遭受；D. developed患(病)。根据空后的“ALS (渐冻症) and gave me 14 lessons every 15 in his last days.”可知，此处表示他患了渐冻症，故选D。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是我和他失去了联系。直到15年后，当时他得了渐冻症，在他最后的时间了每周二给我总共上了14节课。A. Saturday星期六；B. weekend周末；C. Tuesday星期二；D. morning早上。根据前文“So a graduation paper titled ‘Tuesdays with Morrie’ is 10 here.”的提示可知，此处表示每周二上的课，故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。
Have you ever paid attention to your school’s security guards? Would you say “good morning” to the cleaners? For Ding Jiacheng, a boy from Hangzhou Entel Foreign Language School, ___36___ is a problem that many students ignore the important jobs done by these non-teaching staff. He wanted to make ___37___ change.
Ding worked on a project called “The Invisible Are Significant”, ___38___ (hope) more students would respect the “invisible” staff. The project won a prize at China Thinks Big, a competition ___39___ (hold) by Harvard and Tsinghua University to encourage teenagers to explore important ___40___ (globe) issues and focus on solutions.
To investigate students’ attitude ___41___ this group, he designed a questionnaire. “In one question, 56 percent of the students said they would greet those non-teaching workers, ___42___ only 17 percent strongly believe that every student should do so,” said Ding.
The main reason, according to Ding, is that students know little about the work done by them and have few ___43___ (chance) to communicate with them. Therefore, Ding’s team ___44___ (shoot) videos to show staff working on campus. They also held a basketball match between students and non-teaching staff to increase their interaction.
“Explore and understand society in practice, and influence the people around us. That’s ____45____ the meaning of the project lies,” said Ding.
【答案】
36．it 37．a 38．hoping 39．held 40．global 41．to##toward##towards 42．while##but 43．chances 44．shot 45．where
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了杭州英特外国语学校的一位学生开展“隐形的是重要的”的项目，希望更多的学生尊重“隐形的”员工。
36．考查形式主语。句意：对于来自杭州英特外国语学校的男孩丁嘉诚来说，许多学生忽视了这些非教学人员所做的重要工作，这是一个问题。it做主句形式主语，that主语从句是主句真正主语。故填it。
37．考查冠词。句意：他想做出改变。change以辅音音素开头，泛指“改变”，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
38．考查现在分词。句意：丁嘉诚从事了一个名为“隐形的是重要的”的项目，希望更多的学生尊重“隐形的”员工。本句已有谓语worked on且无连词，动词hope用非谓语形式，逻辑主语Ding与动词hope是主谓关系，hope用现在分词（doing）表主动，作伴随状语。故填hoping。
39．考查过去分词。句意：该项目在哈佛大学和清华大学举办的“中国思考大”竞赛中获奖，该竞赛旨在鼓励青少年探索重要的全球问题并专注于解决方案。本句已有谓语won且无连词，动词hold用非谓语形式，逻辑主语a competition与动词hold是被动关系，hold用过去分词作后置定语。故填held。
40．考查形容词。句意：该项目在哈佛大学和清华大学举办的“中国思考大”竞赛中获奖，该竞赛旨在鼓励青少年探索重要的全球问题并专注于解决方案。形容词global作定语，修饰名词issues。故填global。
41．考查介词。句意：为了调查学生对这个群体的态度，他设计了一份问卷。attitude to/toward/towards (对……的态度)。故填to/toward/towards。
42．考查连词。句意：“在一个问题中，56%的学生说他们会问候那些非教职员工，而或但是只有17%的学生坚信每个学生都应该这样做，”丁嘉诚说。用连词while (然而)表对比，或用连词but (但是)表转折。故填while/but。
43．考查名词复数。句意：丁嘉诚说，主要原因是学生对他们所做的工作知之甚少，很少有机会与他们交流。由few修饰，用可数名词chance的复数形式。故填chances。
44．考查时态。句意：因此，丁嘉诚的团队拍摄了员工在校园工作的视频。结合全文可知，时态以一般过去时为主，事情已发生，谓语动词shoot用一般过去时。故填shot。
45．考查表语从句。句意：“在实践中探索和理解社会，影响我们周围的人。这就是项目的意义所在，”丁嘉诚说。该空后接表语从句，且连接词在从句中作地点状语，用连接副词where。故填where。
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．假定你是李华，你校开设了丰富的劳动课程（Labor Skill Course），请你给英国朋友Peter写一封邮件。内容包括：
1.课程内容；
2.你的感受；
3.询问Peter劳动课情况。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.请按格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
How are you recently? I’m writing to tell you about our school’s Labor Skill Course.
To form the students’ correct view of labor, colorful labor programs are open every week. We can help plant vegetables or feed chickens in the school-run farm. Besides, students are also encouraged to participate in community service and voluntary work.
Most of us are fascinated by the course because it offers an alternative to our busy school life. Not only are we relaxed but also we have gained a higher moral value on life.
What is the Labor Skill Course like in your school?
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Peter写一封邮件，告知他你校的劳动课程的相关信息，内容包括：1.课程内容；2.你的感受；3.询问Peter劳动课情况。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
最近：recently→lately
观点：view→opinion
另外：besides→moreover
参加：participate in→take part in
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：To form the students’ correct view of labor, colorful labor programs are open every week.
拓展句：Colorful labor programs are open every week, the purpose of which is to form the students’ correct view of labor.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Most of us are fascinated by the course because it offers an alternative to our busy school life. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句)
[高分句型2] Not only are we relaxed but also we have gained a higher moral value on life. (运用了部分倒装句)
第二节（满分25分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Little Tom lived with his poor grandmother Donna in a village. Every day, Tom sold potatoes grown by Donna in a market.
One day, an old foreigner aroused Tom’s curiosity. He frequently visited Tom’s stall (摊位) but didn’t buy. The next day, the man passed from one vendor (小贩) to the next, waving a bag around. But he didn’t visit Tom’s stall that day. Out of curiosity, Tom asked a vendor nearby to temporarily look after his stall. Then, he followed the foreigner.
The man went back to his broken-down house near the market and took several old medals from his bag. “Wow!” Tom said. “I won them in my own country,” the man said proudly, then asking why Tom came here. Tom explained, “I’m wondering why you didn’t visit my stall today.” “Oh, I don’t need potatoes. I need firewood, so I walked around the market looking for someone who would buy these medals and give me money in exchange,” he lied.
Tom left and brought back many potatoes from his stall, saying, “If you don’t have money, you can’t buy food. Keep my grandma’s potatoes.” But the man insisted he had enough food. Tom went back, upset; he could see the man was hungry and weak.
The third day, the man reached the market, selling medals again. He valued them, which were his honors. But after a disaster, now he had to sell them to survive. He looked weaker. Tom packed some potatoes, walking towards him again. From his conversations with vendors, Tom found him trying to sell medals for food! But no one believed his medals were true.
Disappointed, the man sat alone by the roadside. Tom approached him, saying, “I saw it! Why didn’t you let me help you?” Almost crying, he said, “I’m sorry, but I was too embarrassed to ask for your help. Now could you give me your potatoes in exchange for the medals?”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Sure,” Tom said while nodding his head.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“But Tom, the medals are valuable to the man. We should give them back,” added Donna.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
“Sure,” Tom said while nodding his head. Then he handed him a bag of potatoes. “These potatoes should last you at least a week.” Crying, the man thanked Tom and introduced himself as Conner. “Please take care of yourself. See you later,” Tom said and walked away happily. However, soon he was worried his grandmother would blame him for giving potatoes away. After reaching home, he told Donna what he had done nervously. To his surprise, Donna said, “I’m so proud of you.”
“But Tom, the medals are valuable to the man. We should give them back,” added Donna. Tom agreed right away. The next day, they visited Conner and returned the medals. So touched, Conner thanked them again and again. After that day, vendors in the market heard about Tom’s acts of kindness, and they also offered to help Conner out. Tom was happy that a small act of his own helped someone in need and inspired kindness in others.
【导语】本文以土豆为线索，讲述了Tom跟着奶奶去集市上卖土豆，看到了一个奇怪外国人，Tom在知道那个外国人没有钱买吃的后，就提了一兜土豆送给他，但是被他拒绝了。第三天，外国人拿着他珍贵的勋章想要卖了，然后换取食物，但是没人相信他的勋章是真的。于是Tom就拿了一袋土豆和他交换了勋章。回到家，奶奶不仅没有责备他，反而和他一起将勋章还给了那个人。市场上的人都知道了这件事，大家一起向那个外国人伸出了援助之手。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“‘好的！’Tom边说边点头。”可知，本段可以写Tom与外国人以一袋土豆交换了勋章，回家后忐忑不安地将事情的经过告诉了奶奶。奶奶并没有责备他，并且夸奖了他。
②由第二段首句内容“奶奶补充道：‘但是，这些勋章对他来说很重要，我们应该还给他’。”可知，本段可以描写奶奶和Tom一起将勋章还给那个外国人。集市上的人都听说了这件事，纷纷向那个人伸出了援助之手。
2.续写线索：交换勋章→告诉奶奶→奶奶夸奖他，并说要归还勋章→还勋章→大家一起帮助他。
3.词汇激活：
行为类：
责备：blame/reproach/reprove
到达：reach/get to/arrive at
感谢：thank/express gratitude to
情绪类：
惊讶：surprise/amazement/astonishment
感动的：touched/moved
高兴的：happy/cheerful/delighted
【点睛】【高分句型1】
Crying, the man thanked Tom and introduced himself as Conner.（运用了现在分词做状语。）
【高分句型2】
After reaching home, he told Donna what he had done nervously.（运用了what引导宾语从句。）
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