必刷卷03——【高考三轮冲刺】2023年高考英语考前20天冲刺必刷卷（上海专用）（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份必刷卷03——【高考三轮冲刺】2023年高考英语考前20天冲刺必刷卷（上海专用）（原卷版+解析版），文件包含必刷卷03上海专用解析版docx、必刷卷03上海专用原卷版docx、听力音频03mp3等3份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共45页， 欢迎下载使用。
绝密★启用前
2023年高考英语考前信息必刷卷03
上海专用

上海高考英语试卷坚持以英语学科素养为导向，全面测量考生综合运用语言的能力，突出思辨能力和学习能力的考查。试题所选取的语料真实鲜活，话题多样，体裁丰富；试卷结构稳定，难易度适中，区分度理想，测试任务不乏新意。

2022年7 月上海高考英语试题鲜活新颖、彰显能力，以现实生活中缓解交通对环境造成的破坏为内容的阅读语篇，要求考生理解语篇内容并推断作者写作意图及概括主要观点，全面考查考生阅读能力及思辨能力；以分析飞机上的食物难吃的原因为内容的阅读语篇，要求考生具备在跨学科情景下迁移并运用新知识开展探究性学习的能力。

（考试时间：150分钟 试卷满分：140分）
注意事项：
1. 答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息
2. 请将答案正确填写在答题卡上
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A （10分）
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1． A．2 hours. B．2 hours 10 minutes.
C．2 hours 20 minutes. D．2 hours 25 minutes.
【答案】D
【原文】M: Today’s lecture will be divided into three parts. Each part will be 40 minutes long, separated by two 10-minute breaks.
W: That’s good. And in the end we can leave 5 minutes extra for the audience to fill out a questionnaire.
Q: How long will the whole lecture last?
2．A．The man was seriously injured in the car accident.
B．The man had poor imagination because of the car accident.
C．The man wasn’t wearing the seat belt when the accident happened.
D．The man’s daughter advised him to wear the seat belt before he left home.
【答案】D
【原文】W: Thanks to the seat belt, otherwise you would have been seriously injured in the car accident.
M: Yes. I can hardly imagine what would happen if I hadn’t taken my daughter’s advice before leaving home?
Q: What can be learned from the conversation?
3．A．The woman likes this apartment.
B．The couple has limited budget to buy an apartment.
C．The apartment without balcony is the best choice for the couple.
D．The apartment with a balcony facing north would be hot in the summer.
【答案】B
【原文】W: I won’t buy this apartment. You see, the balcony is facing north.
M: This is the only one that we can afford. Although it is cold in the winter, it could be cool in the summer.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
4．A．She enjoys traveling this summer vacation.
B．She had an unpleasant experience in Sydney.
C．She is considering whether to travel abroad.
D．She speaks highly of her experience last year.
【答案】B
【原文】M: I know you are keen on travelling. What do you plan to do this summer vacation?
W: Considering the experience I had in Sydney last year, I prefer to stay at home.
Q: What does the woman imply?
5．A．She will probably go to see a doctor right away.
B．She has refused to take medicine for her throat.
C．She’d better avoid speaking even in a low voice.
D．She can’t make herself understood when whispering.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Emily’s voice sounds awful. I could barely hear her.
M: Yes. She’s got a terrible sore throat. The doctor said she shouldn’t even attempt to whisper.
Q: What can we learn about Emily from the conversation?
6．A．Wait till the end of the year.
B．Walk to his workplace.
C．Take public transportation.
D．Buy the car right now.
【答案】D
【原文】W: If you waited till the end of this year, you would have the car for less.
M: I know. But my workplace is inaccessible by bus and I can’t afford to lose my new job.
Q: What will the man probably do?
7．A．The woman never spoke English when in London.
B．The woman should have moved to London earlier.
C．One can improve one’s English quickly if living among native speakers.
D．Native speakers in different areas speak English with different accents.
【答案】C
【原文】W: I learned to speak English in primary school, but I really never spoke the language
until I moved to London.
M: Communicating with native speakers makes all the difference, doesn’t it?
Q: What does the man mean?
8．A．She’s unwilling to do it
B．She is afraid of donating blood.
C．She’s ready to donate blood.
D．Donating blood is none of her business.
【答案】C
【原文】M: Are you willing to donate blood for the sick man?
W: I'm only too willing to do that.
Q: What does the woman mean?
9．A．She doesn’t like the painting. B．She hasn’t visited the man’s office.
C．She’ll hang the painting on the wall. D．She doesn’t know where to put the painting.
【答案】A
【原文】M: Isn’t this a terrific painting? It looks great on the wall in my office.
W: To be honest, I don’t know what you see in it.
Q: What does the woman mean?
10．A．She is sorry about what she did.
B．She thinks he should wash his shoes himself.
C．She thinks his son is quite lazy.
D．She wonders if he will go to school.
【答案】C
【原文】M: Mom, where are my blue shoes? I'll be late for school.
W: I washed them this morning. Last night, you told me you'd have a day off school today.
Q: What does the woman mean?
Section B （15分）
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 
11．A．13. B．31. C．113. D．131.
12．A．More women will win awards than men in the future.
B．Bettozzi is the first woman to win the Nobel Chemistry Prize.
C．Inequality in the Nobel Prize selection process is decreasing.
D．Two Danish scientists have won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
13．A．Nobel’s life story. B．Three Nobel Chemistry Prize winners.
C．The Nobel Chemistry Prize. D．The voting process for the Nobel Prize.
【答案】11．C    12．C    13．B
【原文】
Hello, this is the 10 o’clock news. The Golden Session Hall at the Royal Swedish Academy filled up early as the science world waited to hear who would be awarded the chemistry’s greatest prize and $900,000. The Nobel Prize for Chemistry has been awarded 113 times. It was not issued for eight years: 1916, 1917,1919, 1924, 1933, 1940, 1941 and 1942.
As it turned out, three would become Nobel winners: Denmark’s Morten Meldal, and America’s Carolyn Bertozzi and Barry Sharpless. They received the prize for the development of chemistry. Sharpless joins a group of five to have won two Nobel prizes, the first coming in 2001. Now it’s his discovery of a way of joining molecules together that has helped him and his fellow chemists to win the 2022 Award. Click chemistry is now being tested in targeted cancer treatment and already has a host of uses in health, agriculture and industry. Bertozzi is only the eighth female chemistry winner alongside 182 men.
The former President of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Christina Moberg believes inequality is being reduced. “There will be more winners because more women are becoming professors and making breakthroughs. What we can do is to encourage more to be nominated, because without that, you can’t win a Nobel Prize.”
Please listen again.
Questions:
11. How many times has the Nobel Prize for Chemistry been awarded?
12. What can we learn about the Chemistry Nobel Prize winners?
13. What’s the news mainly about?
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 
14．A．They feature in British rural cultural life.
B．They are responsible for the traffic around schools.
C．They help pupils cross streets in the neighbourhood.
D．They are dressed in red with large yellow sticks on head.
15．A．She was suspected of theft. B．She could not find her way home.
C．She was mentally disabled. D．She would be taken to court for trial.
16．A．Why Linda was removed from her duty.
B．How Michael helped a sick stranger.
C．What Michael needed to make public.
D．Where Linda was found in trouble.
【答案】14．C    15．D    16．A
【原文】
Have you ever heard of a lollipop man or woman? They’re a common feature of life in Britain, and they are basically men or women who help school-children cross roads near primary schools. They usually wear yellow jackets and carry large sticks with a circle at the top, which look like giant lollipops. Most lollipop men or women are responsible adults who perform a useful role in society, helping children get across the road next to schools. However, one such lollipop woman, Linda, managed to lose her job.
It all happened when Michael, a parent from the local school, noticed something very strange: “I was standing outside the school, waiting for my daughter to come out,” Michael explained, “when I saw how Linda seemed to be walking backwards and forwards across the road. Then, I saw how she held a lamp post, and at another moment how she tried to cross the road, but found herself walking sideways, just like a crab. I thought, ‘this is very strange, she seems to be drunk’. And then my suspicions were confirmed when I saw her being sick in a nearby bush.”
Michael immediately contacted the police. When they arrived, they found Linda to be under the influence of alcohol and arrested her. She was suspended from her job and waited for a court case.
Now listen again, please.
Questions
14. Which of the following about lollipop men or women is true?
15. What do we learn about Linda from the passage?
16. What is the passage mainly about?
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 
17．A．Judging direction and distance. B．Using the navigation app.
C．Working in all weathers. D．Lack of taxi driving experience.
18．A．Seeing different beautiful buildings outdoors. B．Taking long drives outside the city.
C．Being outdoors and seeing the city change. D．Driving in different weather conditions.
19．A．Driving on her own. B．Taking a train.
C．Booking airline tickets. D．Being driven by others.
20．A．She is not satisfied with her present job.
B．She has ten days of annual leaves with pay now.
C．She has been driving a taxi for 20 years.
D．She may change her job in the future.
【答案】17．B    18．C    19．A    20．D
【原文】M: Morning, Betty, I know you are one of a few women taxi drivers in our city, and you’ve been driving for a living for 12 years. Most women drivers may find it difficult to judge direction and distance. Could you tell us what you found the most difficult?
W: I can still remember when I was first learning to drive, I didn’t know how to use the navigation app. That’s very scary.
M: Then, what’s the best part of your job？
W: What I like best about the job is being outdoors, seeing how this city changes from season to season. And there are places of scenery I would probably have never seen in another job.
M: Now, what about annual leaves? Do you have them?
W: Oh, yes. When I first started, I had only 10 days. Now I have 3 weeks every year with pay.
M: Just out of curiosity. When you go on vacation to another place or city, do you drive there as well?
W: In most cases, not. I prefer to be driven by others if I go by car. I would also prefer to go by train or plane, if there is a choice.
M: Now my last question. Have you ever thought of changing your job?
W: Not yet. Maybe I will someday, but not at this moment. I do get lots of satisfaction out of it. So why should I?
M: OK. Our interview is coming to the end. Thank you very much for your time, Betty.
W: Pleasure.
Questions:
17. What was the most difficult part for Betty as a taxi driver?
18. What does Betty like best about her job?
19. What will Betty try to avoid when she goes on vacation?
20. What do we know about Betty from the conversation?
II. Grammar and vocabulary (共 20 题，每小题 1 分，满分 20 分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
“The dangerous thing about lying is people don’t understand how the act changes us,” says Dan Ariely, behavioural psychologist at Duke University. Psychologists have documented children lying as early as the age of two. Lying is even considered ____21____ developmental milestone, like crawling and walking, with sophisticated planning and attention ____22____ (require). But, for most people, lying gets increasingly limited as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate.
According to Ariely, lying takes work. In studies, he have subjects a chance to deceive for monetary gains while examining their brains in a functional MRI machine. Some people told the truth instantly. But others opted to lie, and they showed increased activity in their frontal parietal(颅腔壁的)control network, which is involved in complex thinking. It suggested that they were deciding between truth and dishonesty, and after thinking about it, ____23____ (choose) the latter. For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural(神经的)reward centers were ____24____ (active) when they won money were less likely to be among the group of liars, and the opposite was seen among those so-called habitual liars, suggesting that lying ____25____ have to do with the inability to resist temptation.
External conditions also matter in terms of when and how often we lie. We are more likely to lie, research shows, when we see others being dishonest. And we are less likely to lie when we think others are watching. “We ____26____ a society need to understand that, when we don’t punish lying, we increase the probability of ____27____ happening again, influencing all of us,” Ariely said.
In a 2016 study, Ariely and colleagues showed how dishonesty alters people’s brains, making it easier to tell lies in the future. When people told a lie, the scientists noticed a burst of activity in their amygdala, a crucial part of the brain that produces fear and guilt. But when scientists had their subjects ____28____ (play) a game in which they won money by deceiving their partner, they noticed the negative signals from the amygdala began to decrease. “Not only that,” said Ariely in an interview with National Science Channel, “ ____29____ people tended to lie more when they faced no consequences for dishonesty. This means that if you give people multiple opportunities to lie for their own benefit, they start with little lies, ____30____ get bigger over time.”
【答案】
21.a    22.required    23．chose    24.less active    25．may/might    26．as    27．it/that    28．play    29．but    30．which
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于撒谎的研究，影响撒谎的因素以及撒谎的影响。
21．考查冠词。句意：说谎甚至被认为是一个发展里程碑，比如爬行和行走，需要复杂的计划和注意力。根据句意可知，说谎被认为是一个发展里程碑，所以空处为泛指，表示“一个里程碑”，空后为辅音音素开始的单词。故填a。
22．考查非谓语动词。句意：说谎甚至被认为是一个发展里程碑，比如爬行和行走，需要复杂的计划和注意力。本题考查with的复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，在句中作状语。空处需要非谓语动词作宾语补足语，和宾语之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填required。
23．考查时态。句意：这表明他们正在决定真相和不诚实，经过思考后，选择了后者。根据and可知，空处为从句的并列谓语动词。句子为一般过去时态。故填chose。
24．考查形容词的比较级。句意：他发现，当他们赢得钱时，神经奖励中心不太活跃的人不太可能成为骗子，而那些所谓的习惯性骗子则相反，这表明说谎可能与无法抵抗诱惑有关。分析句子结构可知，that从句为主系表结构，空处为形容词作表语。根据句意可知，他发现当他们赢得钱时，神经奖励中心不太活跃的人不太可能成为骗子，所以空处表示“比较不活跃的”，less+形容词表示“比较不...”。故填less active。
25．考查情态动词。句意：他发现，当他们赢得钱时，神经奖励中心不太活跃的人不太可能成为骗子，而那些所谓的习惯性骗子则相反，这表明说谎可能与无法抵抗诱惑有关。根据句意可知，他发现说谎可能与无法抵抗诱惑有关，所以空处需要情态动词表示一种推测，may或might意为“或许，可能”，两者都可以表示推测。故填may/might。
26．考查介词。句意：作为一个社会，我们需要明白，当我们不惩罚说谎时，我们会增加说谎再次发生的可能性，影响我们所有人。根据句意可知，作为一个社会，所以用介词as，意为“作为”。故填as。
27．考查代词。句意：作为一个社会，我们需要明白，当我们不惩罚说谎时，我们会增加说谎再次发生的可能性，影响我们所有人。空处指代前文中的 lying，可以用it；也可用that，指代前文中出现的同类但不是同一个事物。故填it/that。
28．考查固定搭配。句意：但当科学家让他们的受试者玩一个游戏，通过欺骗伴侣来赢得金钱时，他们注意到来自杏仁核的负面信号开始减少。have sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”。故填play。
29．考查连词。句意：但当人们面对不诚实的后果时，他们往往会撒谎更多。根据句意可知，但当人们面对不诚实的后果是，他们更容易撒谎。前后为转折关系，所以用连词but。故填but。
30．考查定语从句。句意：这意味着，如果你给人们多次机会为自己的利益撒谎，他们会从小谎言开始，随着时间的推移，谎言会越来越大。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词little lies。先行词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。故填which。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A． implications    B．piece    C．survival    D．revolution E. varying    F. climatic    G. stretching    
H. delicately     I. migrate    J. merely    K. shifts        
Climate Change
When global warming finally came, it came aggressively. In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 40 feet, flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to _____31_____inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted greatly in North America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a new_____32_____strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease.
As environmentalists meet in Rio de Janeiro this week to think carefully about the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the middle of a(n) _____33_____in understanding how climate has changed in the past and how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to _____34_____together an inspiring picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces to change the planet’s environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period _____35_____back hundreds of millions of years.
Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the _____36_____ changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate _____37_____ played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution. Indeed, the human history has not been _____38_____ touched by global climate change. Some scientists argue it has in some instances been driven by it.
The new research has far-reaching _____39_____ for the environment summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Earth. The pleasant global environment that has existed over the past 10,000 years is a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely _____40_____climate over the ages. In feet, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earth’s climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the future even without the influence of human activity.
【答案】
31．I    32．C    33．D    34．B    35．G    36．F    37．K    38．J    39．A    40．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化给地球和人类带来的影响以及科学家们对这些问题的研究。
31．考查动词。句意： 海平面上升了近40英尺，淹没了沿海定居点，迫使人们向内陆迁移。根据句意和空格前的不定式符号to可知，空格处应该填入一个动词原形，且意义为“迁移” ，migrate（迁移）是动词，符号题意。故选I项。
32．考查名词。句意：在把周围的许多动物逼到濒临灭绝之后，人们被迫放弃了旧的生活方式，转而采用新的生存策略，这导致了广泛的饥饿和疾病。根据句意和空格前的“abandon their old way of life”以及空格后的名词strategy分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作定语，且意义为“生存”，survival（生存）是名词，符合题意。故选C项。
33．考查名词。句意：本周，环保人士齐聚里约热内卢，仔细思考未来的全球气候，而地球科学家们正在进行一场革命，了解过去气候是如何变化的，以及这些变化是如何改变人类生存的。根据句意和空格前的不定冠词a可知，空格处应该填入一个单数可数名词，且意义为“革命”，revolution（革命）是名词，符合题意。故填D项。
34．考查动词。句意：研究人员已经开始拼凑出一幅鼓舞人心的画面，显示出在数亿年的时间里，强大的地质和天文力量改变了地球的环境，从热到冷，从湿到干，然后再变回来。 根据句意和空格前的不定式符号to以及空格后的together可知，空格处应该填入一个动词原形和后面的together构成短语，piece是动词，piece together意义为“拼凑，拼合”。故选B项。
35．考查现在分词。句意：研究人员已经开始拼凑出一幅鼓舞人心的画面，显示出在数亿年的时间里，强大的地质和天文力量改变了地球的环境，从热到冷，从湿到干，然后再变回来。 根据句意和空格前的名词period分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个词作定语，修饰前面的period，和后面的back构成短语，且意义为“追溯到”，stretching是现在分词，可以作定语，stretch back意义为“追溯到”，符合题意。故选G项。
36．考查形容词。句意：最重要的是，科学家们开始意识到气候变化已经对人类物种的进化产生了重大影响。根据句意和空格后的名词changes可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词作定语，且意义为“气候的”，climatic（气候的）是形容词，符合题意。故选F项。
37．考查名词。句意：新的研究表明，气候变化在人类进化的几乎每一个重大转折点上都发挥了关键作用。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作主语，且意义为“改变”，shifts（改变）是名词，符合题意。故选K项。
38．考查副词。句意：事实上，人类历史不仅仅受到全球气候变化的影响。根据句意和空格后的touched分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个副词作状语，修饰后面的touched，且意义为“仅仅”，merely（仅仅）是副词，符合题意。故选J项。
39．考查名词。句意：这项新研究对里约热内卢的环境峰会有着深远的影响。根据句意和空格前的形容词far-reaching分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个名词，且意义为“影响”，implications（可能的影响）是名词。故选A项。
40．考查现在分词。句意：在过去的一万年里，宜人的全球环境仅仅是一个亮点，而这一更大的气候模式在各个时代都有很大的变化。 根据句意和空格前的widely以及空格后的名词climate分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个词作定语，修饰后面的climate，且意义为“变化”，varying（变化）是现在分词，可以作定语，符合题意。故选E项。
III Reading Comprehension(满分 45 分)
Section A (共 15 题，每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
If at first you don’t succeed, as the old saying goes, try, try again. Good advice, up to a point. But let me offer a ____41____: even when you do succeed, try, try again. Tempting as it is to declare victory and move on, in many endeavors there is much to be said for rethinking an apparently satisfactory formula.
Consider the advice for job interviews in Talent, a new book by economist Tyler Cowen and venture capitalist Daniel Gross. They suggest asking a(n) ____42____ question, such as “give me an example of when you resolved a difficult challenge at work.” Then ask for another example. And another. The pat answers will be ____43____ quickly, and the candidate will have to start improvising, digging deep — or perhaps admit to being stumped.
Indeed, one way to describe this tactic is that the interviewer is asking for answers in ____44____ rather than for answers in series. Instead of stringing together a logical sequence of 17 questions, the interviewer is asking for 17 different answers to the same question.
While that approach is ____45____ in job interviews, it is common practice among designers. They often produce several ____46____ attempts to meet a given brief, rather than immediately focusing on what seems to be the best idea. In doing so, the designers force themselves to ____47____ the full range of possibilities, to avoid the risk of committing too early to a concept that seems attractive but may ____48____ be a dead end.
A striking example of parallel design is the creation of the Windows 95 startup sound. Microsoft was looking for an opportunity to ____49____ the audio capabilities of the computers of the day, so it is commissioned the famed music producer Brian Eno to do so.
Eno recalls receiving a brief, asking for music that was “inspirational, sexy, driving, provocative, nostalgic... there were about 150 _____50_____. And then at the bottom it said, ‘and not more than 3.8 seconds long’”.
Eno describes himself as being “completely bereft of ideas” at the time. He found the brief both hilarious and inspiring. In the end he _____51_____ more than 80 tiny pieces of music. The final result was a musical signature that has stood the test of time and was one that helped to creatively liberate Eno. “It really _____52_____ a logjam in my own work,” he told The San Francisco Chronicle.
Bill Burnett and Dave Evans, in their delightful book Designing Your Life, suggest an exercise in which you sketch out a vision for the next five years of your life. What will you be doing? Where will you live and with whom? Are you hoping to run a marathon? Start a business? Write a novel?
This is often a straightforward act of _____53_____, but what makes the exercise excruciating is what comes next: Burnett and Evans ask you to do it again, only this time, you’re to write an entirely different projection — the idea at the heart of the plan is one that is completely forbidden: Forcing yourself to go back to the _____54_____ board, not only a second, but a third time.
I’ve tried this myself and seen others try it. People squirm. They protest. Sometimes they cry. And then, sooner or later, the ideas start pouring out.
We all contain _____55_____. But we don’t always let them see the light of day. Perhaps we should try producing answers in parallel more often. Even when you do succeed, try, try again.
41．A．suggestion B．promotion C．recommendation D．modification
42．A．routine B．academic C．personal D．controversial
43．A．presented B．exhausted C．challenged D．accepted
44．A．style B．parallel C．detail D．privacy
45．A．fundamental B．flexible C．unconventional D．practical
46．A．distinct B．determined C．deliberate D．vain
47．A．dismiss B．restrict C．explore D．overlook
48．A．inevitably B．accidentally C．theoretically D．eventually
49．A．scale up B．figure out C．experiment on D．show off
50．A．adjectives B．statements C．variables D．copyrights
51．A．purchased B．composed C．performed D．appreciated
52．A．exhibited B．created C．broke D．underestimated
53．A．aggressiveness B．imagination C．wisdom D．will
54．A．dart B．score C．drawing D．notice
55．A．emotions B．ambitions C．desires D．multitudes
【答案】
41．D    42．A    43．A    44．B    45．C    46．A    47．C    48．D    49．D    50．A    51．B    52．C    53．B    54．C    55．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了寻求并行答案这一思维策略。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但让我给你一个修正版：即使你成功了，也要一次又一次地尝试。A. suggestion建议；B. promotion促进；C. recommendation推荐；D. modification修改，改进。根据上文“Good advice, up to a point”可知，作者认为“If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.”这句谚语有不完美之处，所以他给出自己修正后的说法“even when you do succeed, try, try again.”。故选D项。
42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们建议问一个常规问题，比如“举一个你在工作中解决困难挑战的例子。”A. routine常规的，例行的；B. academic学业的，学术的；C. personal个人的，私人的；D. controversial有争议的。根据下文“give me an example of when you resolved a difficult challenge at work.”可知，这是一个面试中的常规问题。故选A项。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在提前准备的答案很快给出来后，面试者必须开始即兴发挥，深入挖掘——或者承认自己被难住了。A. presented展示，陈述；B. exhausted使精疲力尽；C. challenged挑战；D. accepted接受。上文提到问面试者一个常规问题，结合常识和句中“pat answers”可知，面试者会陈述出自己准备好的答案。故选A项。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这种策略的一种说法是，面试官是在寻求并行答案，而不是寻求系列答案。A. style方式，作风；B. parallel相似的手法；C. detail细节；D. privacy隐私。根据下文“the interviewer is asking for 17 different answers to the same question.”和最后一段中“Perhaps we should try producing answers in parallel more often.”可知，面试官是在寻求并行答案，answers in parallel是原词复现。故选B项。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然这种方法在工作面试中并不常见，但设计师却经常使用。A. fundamental根本的；B. flexible灵活的；C. unconventional非常规的；D. practical实际的。根据从属连词“While”可知，主从句有转折对比关系，主句“it is common practice among designers.”说这是设计师的普遍做法，所以从句中是：这种方法在工作面试中是非常规的，并不常见。故选C项。
46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常会针对一个特定的任务做出不同的尝试，而不是立即专注于一个似乎是最好的想法。A. distinct不同的；B. determined下定决心的；C. deliberate故意的；D. vain虚荣的。根据下文“rather than immediately focusing on what seems to be the best idea.”可推知，这种方法不是专注于一个想法，而是做出不同的尝试。故选A项。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这样做的过程中，设计师迫使自己探索各种可能性，以避免过早地专注于一个看似有吸引力但最终可能是死胡同的想法，进而避开风险。A. dismiss开除，解雇；B. restrict限制，控制；C. explore探索；D. overlook忽视，忽略。根据上文“They often produce several 　6 　 attempts to meet a given brief, rather than immediately focusing on what seems to be the best idea.”可知，这种方法不是专注于一个想法，而是做出不同的尝试，所以设计师们会探索各种可能性。故选C项。
48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在这样做的过程中，设计师迫使自己探索各种可能性，以避免过早地专注于一个看似有吸引力但最终可能是死胡同的想法，进而避开风险。A. inevitably不可避免地；B. accidentally意外地；C. theoretically理论地；D. eventually最终，结果。对应句中“too early”，过早专注于一个看似有吸引力的想法，但最后发现是死胡同。故选D项。
49．考查动词短语辨析。句意：微软正在寻找一个机会来展示当时计算机的音频功能，所以它委托了著名的音乐制作人布莱恩·伊诺来做这件事。A. scale up增加；B. figure out算出；C. experiment on对……进行实验；D. show off展示，炫耀。根据上文“the Windows 95 startup sound.”和下文“Eno recalls receiving a brief, asking for music that was “inspirational, sexy, driving, provocative, nostalgic... there were about 150 　10 　 ”可推知，微软想通过Windows 95启动的声音来展示计算机的音频功能。故选D项。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：伊诺回忆说，他收到了一份任务简介，要求音乐“鼓舞人心、性感、动人、挑衅、怀旧……大约有150个形容词。然后在底部写着，‘长度不超过3.8秒'。”。A. adjectives形容词；B. statements声明，报告；C. variables变量；D. copyrights版权。根据句中“inspirational, sexy, driving, provocative, nostalgic...”可知，任务简介中用了150个形容词来描述需要的声音。故选A项。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他创作了80多首小曲子。A. purchased购买；B. composed创作，作曲；C. performed执行，表演；D. appreciated感激。根据上文“the famed music producer Brian Eno to do so.”可知，伊诺是音乐制作人，所以他创作了80多首小曲子。故选B项。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在接受《旧金山纪事报》采访时表示：“这真的打破了我工作中的僵局。”A. exhibited展出；B. created创造；C. broke打破；D. underestimated低估。根据上文“liberate Eno”可知，一个音乐拍号解放了伊诺，这也打破了他工作中的僵局。故选C项。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这通常是一个简单的想象行为，但让任务变得痛苦的是接下来的事情：伯内特和埃文斯要求你再做一次，只是这一次你要作一个完全不同的预测。A. aggressiveness攻击性；B. imagination想像力，想像；C. wisdom智慧，才智；D. will意志，决心。根据上文“What will you be doing? Where will you live and with whom? Are you hoping to run a marathon? Start a business? Write a novel?”可知，这些问题都是对未来生活的预测，凭借的是想象力。故选B项。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：强迫自己重新开始，不只是第二次，而是第三次。A. dart飞镖；B. score得分，比分；C. drawing图画；D. notice注意。根据上文“Burnett and Evans ask you to do it again”可知，伯内特和埃文斯会要求你重新做一次，go back to the drawing board是习语，意思是“从头开始”，符合语境。故选C项。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都有很多追求的目标。A. emotions情绪；B. ambitions追求的目标，雄心；C. desires欲望；D. multitudes民众。根据倒数第四段中“Bill Burnett and Dave Evans, in their delightful book Designing Your Life, suggest an exercise in which you sketch out a vision for the next five years of your life.”和倒数第三段“Burnett and Evans ask you to do it again,”可知，伯内特和埃文斯要人们反复寻找的答案是：自己未来五年的生活愿景，结合倒数第二段中“And then, sooner or later, the ideas start pouring out”可知，到最后，各种想法都会涌现出来，说明每个人都有很多追求的目标，只是不愿意表露出来。故选B项。
Section B (共 11 题，每小题 2 分，满分 22 分)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Gifts in Wills could be the key to protecting the future of human health
Our experience of COVID-19 shows how suddenly a global health challenge can appear. As someone interested in science, you will understand that while nobody can predict what we will face next, we can be certain that the future will bring many more threats to human health.
As Chair of the Medical Research Foundation-the charitable arm of the Medical Research Council-I have seen the incredible impact that individuals who remember the Foundation in their Wills can have on the future of our health and wellbeing here in the UK.
These gifts fund research and researchers which can have far-reaching implications for human health.
With a gift in your Will you can play a key role in providing the science that will protect the health of future generations.
Right now, the Foundation is funding research to tackle antimicrobial resistance, and investing in researchers like Dr Myrsini Kaforou—who will make the fight against antimicrobial resistance her life’s work.
Without support at the crucial early stages, researchers like Dr Kaforou can be forced to abandon their passion and leave science altogether, with an immeasurable loss to future human health.
Gifts in Wills provide the long term funding and security that allows the Foundation to invest in projects like Dr Kaforou’s and lay the foundations for quality research in years to come.
Your Will can fund the rational response to health challenges that medical science provides.
“As scientists, our duty is to secure the future of research for the generations that follow.”
Professor Fiona Watt, President of the Medical Research Foundation and Executive Chair of the Medical Research Council.
While we don’t know what the future holds for human health in the UK, we do know that research, and the brilliant scientists driving that research forward, are the key to meeting those challenges for years to come. But many of these scientists rely on the generosity and foresight of fellow members of the public-people like you, who understand the
power of science and are willing to leave a gift to medical research in their Wills. At the Medical Research Foundation, over 90% of our voluntary income comes from individuals who choose to include a gift in their Will-they are crucial in the Foundation’s ability to fund research that will enable the next generation of scientists to make real world discoveries in the future. A gift in your Will to the Medical Research Foundation is an excellent investment and will have a lasting impact on science and on the future of human health in the UK.

The request your free guide to gifts in Wills fill in this form and return to Freepost, MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION. You don’t need a stamp OR visit medicalesearchfoundation.org.uk/support-us/wills
Name
Address
postcode
Email address
We would like to contact you from time to time with our latest news. Please tick here if you are happy for us to contact you via email. The Medical Research Foundation does not share your personal information. You can unsubscribe at any time.

Medical Research Foundation is a charity registered in England and Wales (Reg. Charity No.1138223).

56．What can be learned about the Medical Research Foundation?
A．It is a UK-based medical center for rare diseases.
B．It is breaking ground in tackling antimicrobial resistance.
C．It is famous for training next generations of scientists.
D．It is a section of the Medical Research Council.
57．If Jenny would like to be kept informed of the work of the Medical Research Foundation via email, she should .
A．fill in the form at the bottom B．scan the QR code on the right
C．click the provided website link D．send an email to the foundation
58．The whole page is devoted to .
A．advocating one charitable agency B．introducing some brilliant scientists
C．launching an appeal for donations D．raising awareness of global health challenges
【答案】56．D    57．A    58．C
【导语】本文是应用文。文章呼吁为慈善机构捐款，支持研究和研究人员。
56．细节理解题。根据“As Chair of the Medical Research Foundation-the charitable arm of the Medical Research Council-I have seen the incredible impact that individuals who remember the Foundation in their Wills can have on the future of our health and wellbeing here in the UK.( 作为医学研究基金会(医学研究委员会的慈善分支)的主席，我看到了在他们的遗嘱中纪念基金会的个人对英国未来健康和幸福的不可思议的影响。)”可知，医学研究基金会是医学研究委员会的分支机构。，是它的一部分。故选D。
57．细节理解题。根据“The request your free guide to gifts in Wills fill in this form and return to Freepost, MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION.(要求你的在遗嘱中免费赠礼指导，填写这个表格，并将其寄回医学研究基金会。)”以及下文的表格可知，如果珍妮想通过电子邮件被告知医学研究基金会的工作,她应该填写底部的表格。故选A。
58．推理判断题。根据“Gifts in Wills could be the key to protecting the future of human health(遗嘱中的馈赠可能是保护人类健康未来的关键)”和“These gifts fund research and researchers which can have far-reaching implications for human health.(这些捐赠资助的研究和研究人员可能对人类健康产生深远影响。)”以及全文内容可知，整个网页致力于呼吁为慈善机构捐赠。故选C。
B
Every year millions of breeding monarch butterflies in the U.S. and southern Canada search for milkweed plants on which to lay their eggs. Concern over shrinking habitat （居住地）has urged conservationists to create monarch-friendly spaces along roadsides, which are more than enough within the butterflies range and usually publicly owned. But traffic noise stresses monarch caterpillars out, a new study finds. They eventually do become desensitized to it—but that might cause trouble to them later on, too.
Noise pollution is known to affect the lives of birds, whales and other creatures. But until recently, scientists had never tested whether it leads to a stress response in insects. When Andy Davis, a conservation physiologist at the University of Georgia, noticed online videos of roadside monarch caterpillars apparently trembling as cars came by, he wondered how the constant noise might affect them. Davis built a custom caterpillar heart monitor, fitting a small sensor into a microscope to precisely measure monarch caterpillars’ heart rates as they listened to recordings of traffic sounds in the laboratory.
The hearts of caterpillars exposed to highway noise for two hours beat 17 percent faster than those of caterpillars in a silent room. But the heart rates of the noise-exposed group returned to baseline levels after hearing the traffic sounds nonstop for their entire 12-day development period, Davis and his colleagues reported in May in Biology Letters.
This desensitization could be problematic when the caterpillars become adults, Davis says. A rapid stress response is vital for monarch butterflies on their two-month journey to spend winters in Mexico, as they narrowly escape predators（捕食者）and fight wind currents.
Whether a noisy developmental period reduces monarchs’ survival rates remains unknown, notes Ryan Norris, an ecologist at the University of Guelph in Ontario, who was not involved in the study. But in any case, he believes roadside habitat almost certainly drive up the butterflies’ death rates as a result of crashes with cars. ”There is so much potential road habitat for monarchs and other insects一it would be such a nice thing to capitalize on,” Norris says. ‌“But you just can’t get around the traffic.” Davis adds: ”I think roads and monarchs just don’t mix.”
59．By ‌“They eventually do become desensitized to it”, the writer means that.
A．monarch caterpillars react less strongly to noise
B．monarch caterpillars are stressed out by road noise
C．conservationists are worried about butterflies habitat
D．conservationists no longer create monarch-friendly spaces
60．What inspired Andy Davis to explore the effect of noise on monarch caterpillars?
A．There had been little research on monarch caterpillars.
B．Videos showed cars crashed into monarch caterpillars.
C．There was no such record of monarch caterpillars’ heart rates.
D．He found that monarch caterpillars shook with cars moving by.
61．According to Andy Davis, how will exposure to noise influence monarch butterflies?
A．They are likely to need more time to develop.
B．They are likely to lose their way on their journey.
C．They are more likely to be killed in their migration.
D．They are more likely to die before they become adults.
62．What is Ryan Norris most likely to agree with?
A．Monarchs5 survival rates are decreasing each year.
B．It is not recommended that roadside habitat be built for insects.
C．More capital is needed to study monarchs? developmental period.
D．Butterflies’ rising death rates have nothing to do with moving cars.
【答案】59．A    60．D    61．C    62．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了高速公路的噪音对黑脉金斑蝶的影响。
59．推理判断题。根据根据第一段中“But traffic noise stresses monarch caterpillars out, a new study finds.  They eventually do become desensitized to it—but that might cause trouble to them later on, too.(但一项新的研究发现，交通噪音会让帝王蝶毛虫感到压力。他们最终会对它脱敏，但这也可能会在以后给他们带来麻烦)”第三段中“The hearts of caterpillars exposed to highway noise for two hours beat 17 percent faster than those of caterpillars in a silent room.  But the heart rates of the noise-exposed group returned to baseline levels after hearing the traffic sounds nonstop for their entire 12-day development period, Davis and his colleagues reported in May in Biology Letters.(在高速公路噪音中暴露两个小时的毛毛虫的心脏跳动速度比在安静房间中的毛毛虫快17%。但是，戴维斯和他的同事在5月份的《生物学快报》上报告说，在整个12天的发育期内，一直听到交通声音的噪音组的心率恢复到了基线水平)”可推知，作者说“They eventually do become desensitized to it”的意思是黑脉金斑蝶幼虫对噪音的反应较弱。故选A项。
60．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When Andy Davis, a conservation physiologist at the University of Georgia, noticed online videos of roadside monarch caterpillars apparently trembling as cars came by, he wondered how the constant noise might affect them.  Davis built a custom caterpillar heart monitor, fitting a small sensor into a microscope to precisely measure monarch caterpillars’ heart rates as they listened to recordings of traffic sounds in the laboratory.(当乔治亚大学的保护生理学家安迪·戴维斯(Andy Davis)在网上看到路边黑脉金斑毛虫在汽车经过时明显颤抖的视频时，他想知道持续的噪音会如何影响它们。戴维斯制作了一个定制的毛虫心脏监测器，在显微镜上安装了一个小传感器，当它们在实验室里听交通声音录音时，可以精确测量帝王蝶的心率)”可知，安迪·戴维斯发现黑脉金斑蝶毛虫会随着汽车的移动而晃动，启发他去探索噪音对帝王蝶毛虫的影响。故选D项。
61．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“This desensitization could be problematic when the caterpillars become adults, Davis says.  A rapid stress response is vital for monarch butterflies on their two-month journey to spend winters in Mexico, as they narrowly escape predators and fight wind currents.(戴维斯说，当毛虫成年后，这种脱敏可能会产生问题。在两个月的墨西哥过冬之旅中，快速的压力反应对帝王蝶来说至关重要，因为它们可以侥幸逃脱捕食者并与气流作斗争)”可知，露在噪音中会使他们更有可能在迁徙过程中被杀害。故选C项。
62．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whether a noisy developmental period reduces monarchs’ survival rates remains unknown, notes Ryan Norris, an ecologist at the University of Guelph in Ontario, who was not involved in the study.  But in any case, he believes roadside habitat almost certainly drive up the butterflies’ death rates as a result of crashes with cars. ” There is so much potential road habitat for monarchs and other insects一it would be such a nice thing to capitalize on,” Norris says.  ‌“But you just can’t get around the traffic.”  Davis adds: ”I think roads and monarchs just don’t mix.”(安大略圭尔夫大学(University of Guelph)的生态学家瑞安·诺里斯(Ryan Norris)没有参与这项研究，他指出，吵闹的发育时期是否会降低帝王蝶的存活率尚不清楚。但无论如何，他认为路边栖息地几乎肯定会导致蝴蝶因车祸而死亡。“对于帝王蝶和其他昆虫来说，有这么多潜在的道路栖息地一这将是一件很好的事情，”诺里斯说。“但是你就是无法避开交通堵塞。”戴维斯补充说:“我认为道路和帝王蝶不能混在一起。”)”可知，瑞安·诺里斯最有可能同意不建议在路边建造昆虫栖息地，因为他认为道路和帝王蝶不能混在一起。故选B项。
C
Building good transportation is a good idea. To have environmental value, new transportation has to sufficiently replace or eliminate driving to cut energy consumption overall. That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use. Traffic lanes should be eliminated or converted into bike or bus lanes. Ideally, these should be combined with higher fuel taxes, and parking fees. Needless to say, I have to struggle to make myself extensively understood. But they’re necessary, because you can’t make people drive less, in the long run, by taking steps that make driving more pleasant, economical, and productive.
Lengthy commuting (通勤) time is a forceful factor which can slow the growth of suburbs. The farther people live away from cities, the longer commuting time they need, which means more pollution their cars produce. If, in a misguided effort to do something of environmental value, governments take steps that make long-distance car commuting faster or more convenient—by adding lanes, building bypass, employing traffic-control measures that make it possible for existing roads to accommodate more cars with fewer delays—we are actually encouraging people to live still farther from their jobs, stores, and schools. As a result, governments are forced to further extend road networks, water lines, and other facilities. If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time won’t change.
Traffic congestion (拥堵) isn’t an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving. Widening roads makes traffic move faster in the short term, but the improved conditions eventually attract additional drivers, and congestion reappears. With more car on the roads, people think about widening roads again. Moving drivers out of cars and into other forms of transportation can have the same effect, if existing traffic lanes are kept in service: road space stimulates road use.
One of the arguments that cities inevitably make in promoting transportation plans is that the new system, by relieving automobile congestion, will improve the lives of those who continue to drive. No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenient—even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal.
63．In the first paragraph, the author gives us the hint that his recommendations are ______.
A．not widely supported B．costly to carry out
C．generally recognized D．temporarily beneficial
64．According to the passage, what will happen if commuting time for drivers is reduced?
A．Drivers will become more productive employees.
B．Mass transportation will be extended farther into suburban areas.
C．Drivers will be more willing to live farther from their working place.
D．Mass transportation will carry fewer passengers and receive less government funding.
65．Which of the following can be inferred about the author’s attitude towards the measures to improve traffic?
A．They are environmentally beneficial and should be carried out immediately.
B．They are well intentioned but ultimately lead to environmental harm.
C．They will definitely arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection.
D．They will only work if they can make driving more economical and productive.
66．The author wrote this massage mainly to ______.
A．support the claim that efforts to reduce traffic actually increase traffic.
B．oppose the belief that improving mass transportation systems is good for the environment.
C．provide a balance between suburban expansion and traffic congestion.
D．indicate that making driving less agreeable is a way to reduce negative effects of traffic.
【答案】63．A    64．C    65．B    66．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者提出了为缓解交通对环境造成的破坏，需要减少汽车使用，把汽车出行变得不方便。这一观点并不为大众所接受。他通过指出减少通勤时间的好处和现行的一些缓解措施的不足分析支持自己的观点。
63．推理判断题。根据第一段第五句“Needless to say, I have to struggle to make myself extensively understood.(更不用说，我必须努力让自己被广泛地理解)”可知，作者的想法目前并没有被广泛接受，即没有被大众广泛支持。故选A项。
64．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time won’t change.(如果你将通勤时间减少10%，那么现在每天单程开车50英里上班的人就有理由再往外走5英里，因为他们的行程时间不会改变)”可知，如果通勤时间减少，人们会愿意住得离上班的地方更远些。故选C项。
65．推理判断题。根据第三段第一二句“Traffic congestion (拥堵) isn’t an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving.（交通拥堵不是环境问题；交通本身就是。不采取任何措施减少汽车总量来缓解拥堵只会使真正的问题变得更糟。公路工程师们早就知道，修建新的车道只是暂时减少拥堵，因为新车道增加了额外的驾驶。）”可知，作者认为现有的比如增加车道目的在不缓解拥堵，但实际上增加了驾驶，从长远看反而对环境有害。故可推测出作者认为这些措施是出自好心，但对环境有害。故选B项。
66．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第三句“That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use.(这意味着新的交通系统必须通过减少汽车使用来支持)”和最后一句“No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenient—even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal.(从来没有人通过争论某个交通系统会使旅行变得不那么方便来推广这个交通系统，尽管从环境角度来看，不方便的旅行是一个值得追求的目标)”可知，在作者眼里，为了缓解环境压力，把开车出行变得不那么方便，不那么让人开心是一个好方法在，这也是他在本文中推崇的。故选D项。
Section C(共 4 题，每小题 2 分，满分 8 分)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Why Does Food Taste Bad on Airplanes?
How many times have you complained about airline food being bland (淡而无味) and tasteless? How many times have you stopped from ordering any food at all during a flight because we find it unappetizing? Sadly, we might have just been proven to simply be too critical. According to popularly accepted studies, the reason for the ‘bad food’ might just be a change in our ability to perceive taste.
The Fraunhofer Institute, a research organization based in Germany, conducted a study on why a dish that would be perfectly acceptable in a fine dining restaurant would seem bland while in the air. ___67___What is happening, then?
To maintain the pressure inside the cabin, airlines must closely regulate the air inside. This involves changing the composition of air that we breathe. The air inside airplane cabins is 15 percent drier than the air we breathe when we’re on the ground. ___68___ Scent actually starts to deteriorate the moment you step on a plane. The situation worsens once the airplane begins to climb, which makes passengers more dehydrated (脱水)and dry-mouthed. No one can deny that a glass of lemonade goes great with a meal on a sunny day, but it feels more acidic when you take a sip ten kilometers above the ground.
Although the cabin is pressurized to mimic the air pressure you would feel on the ground, it’s still less than the pressure we would normally experience at sea level. In this situation, our bodily fluids (体液) will move upwards and the nasal cavities (鼻腔) swell. The swelling messes with our taste buds, making the food taste unappealing. ___69___ Research has also shown that the lower temperature and air pressure on an airplane both make it harder to detect odorants, which are airborne molecules that stimulate the nose’s sensory cells and play an important role in the tasting process.
___70___ These collectively produce a rather constant ‘noise’ that can be as loud as 85 decibels (分贝), which is equivalent to city traffic. It might seem like a weird reason for food to taste bland, but researchers have found that loud noises inhibit our ability to appreciate sweet flavors.
A．Essentially, it’s harder to smell on an airplane, so it’s also harder to taste.
B．You might know how dining in such conditions feel, since we’ve all fought colds or flu in the past.
C．In an environment like this, your powers of taste and smell begin to drift away.
D．Since sweet and salty foods suffer the most, airlines have begun to add more salt and spice to give their food some added vigor.
E．In a mock aircraft cabin, researchers tried out ingredients at both sea level and in a pressurized condition and the differences in taste were startling.
F．Flight noises include vibrations from the air striking the hull (机身), as well as the roaring of the engines and winds.
【答案】67．E    68．C    69．B    70．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍飞机上的食物难吃的主要原因是我们感知味觉的能力发生了变化。
67．根据前句“The Fraunhofer Institute, a research organization based in Germany, conducted a study on why a dish that would be perfectly acceptable in a fine dining restaurant would seem bland while in the air. (总部位于德国的研究机构弗劳恩霍夫研究所进行了一项研究，研究为什么在高级餐厅完全可以接受的菜肴在空中会显得平淡无奇)”和后句“What is happening, then?(那么，到底发生了什么?)”可知，研究发现不同的环境导致食物的味道产生差异。所以选择项E“In a mock aircraft cabin, researchers tried out ingredients at both sea level and in a pressurized condition and the differences in taste were startling.(在一个模拟的机舱里，研究人员在海平面和加压条件下分别品尝了食材，味道的差异令人吃惊)”符合上下文语境。故选E。
68．根据前句“The air inside airplane cabins is 15 percent drier than the air we breathe when we’re on the ground.(机舱内的空气比我们在地面上呼吸的空气干燥15%)”和后句“Scent actually starts to deteriorate the moment you step on a plane.(事实上，在你踏上飞机的那一刻，气味就开始变差了)”可知，机舱内的环境让我们的味觉和嗅觉发生变化。所以选择项C“In an environment like this, your powers of taste and smell begin to drift away.(在这样的环境中，你的味觉和嗅觉开始逐渐消失)”符合上下文语境，“这样的环境”指上文提到的“空气干燥的机舱内部”。故选C。
69．根据前句“The swelling messes with our taste buds, making the food taste unappealing.(肿胀会扰乱我们的味蕾，让食物尝起来不那么诱人)”可知，下文应陈述在这种情况下吃东西的感觉。所以选择项B“You might know how dining in such conditions feel, since we’ve all fought colds or flu in the past.(你可能知道在这样的情况下吃饭是什么感觉，因为我们过去都曾与感冒或流感作过斗争)”符合上下文语境，“这样的情况”指上文提到的“体液上流和鼻腔肿胀”。故选B。
70．根据后文“These collectively produce a rather constant ‘noise’ that can be as loud as 85 decibels (分贝), which is equivalent to city traffic. It might seem like a weird reason for food to taste bland, but researchers have found that loud noises inhibit our ability to appreciate sweet flavors.(它们共同产生了一种相当持续的“噪音”，最高可达85分贝，相当于城市交通的噪音。这似乎是食物尝起来平淡的一个奇怪的原因，但研究人员发现，巨大的噪音会抑制我们欣赏甜味的能力)”可知，本段主要介绍飞机噪音对味觉的影响。所以选择项F“Flight noises include vibrations from the air striking the hull(机身), as well as the roaring of the engines and winds. (飞行噪音包括空气撞击船体时产生的振动，以及发动机和风的轰鸣)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
IV Summary Writing(满分 10 分)
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Cities in the Sea
They may be small, but they build big things! Coral polyps (珊瑚虫), which live in the warm, shallow parts of the Earth’s oceans, are probably the biggest builders on the planet. Coral polyps turn calcium from seawater into a hard material called limestone. Slowly, they build up a hard skeleton (骨架) around their bodies. When polyps die, their skeletons remain. Young polyps attach themselves to the old skeletons and make new skeletons. Over time, weird and wonderful shapes are slowly built up into amazing coral reefs (珊瑚礁).
Scientists sometimes think of coral reefs as underwater cities. A quarter of all known marine species live in reef habitats―there are nearly a thousand coral species. Reefs are also home to millions of sea creatures, like fish, crabs, turtles, and sharks.
Humans don’t live in coral reef cities, but we benefit from them. Reefs create jobs for people in the fishing industry and other related businesses. Coral reefs are also popular for divers一many countries benefit from the tourists that they attract. Lastly, chemicals from reef creatures help scientists create new medicines, which help doctors treat different illnesses.
Coral reefs are very important, yet we don’t take good care of them. Environmental problems have already killed about twenty percent of the world’s reefs. About half of the remaining reefs are dying, and experts believe all of Earth’s coral reefs will be in danger by 2050.
Why are the reefs in such trouble? For one thing, people catch too many reef fish and often damage the reefs—divers sometimes break off pieces of coral.
Polluted water also causes problems because reef-destroying algae grows in dirty water. Even air pollution hurts coral reefs. Global warming causes warmer ocean water, which can cause polyps to lose helpful algae. Without that algae, coral turns white. This is called "bleaching”，and if it continues, the coral dies.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Coral reefs, built of skeletons of coral polyps, are called underwater cities, where live many marine species and sea creatures. They provide humans with jobs, scenery and medicines. However, reefs aren’t well protected. One fifth of them have disappeared due to environmental problems. Fishing and diving do harm to them; water pollution and air pollution are to blame too.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了珊瑚礁的成因及对人类的益处以及珊瑚礁受到威胁的各种各样的原因。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Young polyps attach themselves to the old skeletons and make new skeletons. Over time, weird and wonderful shapes are slowly built up into amazing coral reefs
②Scientists sometimes think of coral reefs as underwater cities. A quarter of all known marine species live in reef habitats.
③Humans don’t live in coral reef cities, but we benefit from them.
④Coral reefs are very important, yet we don’t take good care of them. Environmental problems have already killed about twenty percent of the world’s reefs.
⑤people catch too many reef fish and often damage the reefs—divers sometimes break off pieces of coral.
⑥Polluted water also causes problems because reef-destroying algae grows in dirty water.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第4、5、6三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Coral reefs consists of skeletons of coral polyps, being home to marine species and sea creatures.
We benefit a lot from them.
However, we don’t take care of them because they are threatened by environmental problems, fishing, diving and pollution.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Coral reefs, built of skeletons of coral polyps, are called underwater cities, where live many marine species and sea creatures.( 运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中where引导的非限制性定语从句，built过去分词作的后置定语等表达高级)
[高分句型2]
One fifth of them have disappeared due to environmental problems. (运用了现在完成时表示已经造成的结果，对第四段进行了概括，due to表示原因，表达恰当)
V Translation (共 4 题，共15分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 体育的价值不仅仅是强身健体，还在于培养锻炼青少年的责任感和意志力。(lie)

【答案】The value of sports lies not only in building up their bodies but also cultivating and training teenagers’ sense of responsibility and willpower.
73. 在中国传统文化中，红灯笼象征生活美满和生意兴隆，通常在春节等节日悬挂。(symbolize)

【答案】In traditional Chinese culture, red lanterns which symbolize a happy life and good business, usually are hung during festivals like the Spring Festival.或In traditional Chinese culture, red lanterns which symbolize a happy life and flourishing business, usually hang during festivals like the Spring Festival.
74. 与同类产品相比，这款产品实现了体积更小、重量更轻、功能更全、精度更高的目标。(achieve)

【答案】Compared with similar products, this one has achieved the goals of smaller volume, lighter weight, more complete functions and higher precision.
75. 那篇小学生作文之所以得到人们的共鸣，就是因为它指出了我们对日常生活的漫不经心。 (The reason)

【答案】The reason why people identify with this primary school student’s composition is that it points out our casual attitude towards daily life.
VI Guided Writing(满分25分)
76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是浦润中学高三学生李青，你校校刊上的“展望未来”栏目正在征文，请以“50年后的学校”为题写一篇文章投稿。你的稿件必须包括：
描述50年后的学校里的一个场景；谈谈现在的你置身其中的感受。
(注：文中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称。)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】 Schools in 50 years
50 years later, the school uses robots to teach students, and students sit in a transparent classroom on all sides to learn. Besides, students’ performance in class and learning feedback are all conducted by AI equipment. The construction of the school is no longer what it is now. The school 50 years later is very intelligent, and students’ needs can be met in an instant. The school has only a few technicians and teachers who manage machinery and equipment, so it is so convenient.
Imagine traveling through time and space to the future school 50 years later. It will be a fast and convenient school linked by the Internet. I will be shocked by all modern devices and intelligent functions. It’s great to feel the learning efficiency brought by the infinite power of modern science and technology, feel the friendship between classmates, and carefully taste the magic of knowledge.