专题08 情态动词与虚拟语气 2010-2019年近10年高考英语真题分项版汇编（含详解）

这是一份专题08 情态动词与虚拟语气 2010-2019年近10年高考英语真题分项版汇编（含详解），共32页。


专题08 情态动词与虚拟语气
(2010﹒安徽﹒T32)Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong– willed man
A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been
【答案】D
【解析】句意为 “杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人, 他的父亲多年前肯定很勇敢。”用must have been表示对过去事情的肯定推测。
(2010﹒安徽﹒T26)Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_______
A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy
【答案】A
【解析】前句表示对过去的虚拟, 而but之后表示过去的客观事实, 故用一般过去时态。
(2010﹒湖南﹒T23)You buy a gift, but you can if you want to.
A. must B. mustn’t C. have to D. don’t have to
【答案】D
【解析】don’t have to 意为 “没有必要”, 符合语境, 句意为：“你没有必要买礼物, 但如果你想买的话, 你也可以买。”
(2010﹒湖南﹒T29)If he my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.
A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow
【答案】C
【解析】根据 “wouldn’t have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟, 故选C项。
(2010﹒江西﹒T23)I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it?
A Must B Can C May D Will
【答案】A
【解析】must 必须, 一定 can 可以, 能够 may 也许 will 意愿, 倾向性动作, 前半句说我告诉你事实了, 这里用的是现在完成时, 表示过去的动作对现在造成了影响, 既然我已经说了, 我还必须重复一遍吗？
(2010﹒山东﹒T25)I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
【答案】A
【解析】句意应为 “我本来不应该看那部电影的----它会使我做噩梦的。”表示 “本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldn’t have done, 所以A项正确。
(2010﹒天津﹒T9)Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】句意：迈克本来不必要那么忙的。这么高速驾驶之后, 他早半个小时到达了。根据后面的语境, 提前半个小时到达, 说明Mark本来不必那么匆忙, 所以用needn’t have done 结构, 表示 “本来不必要做某事的而实际上做了”。
(2010﹒天津﹒T15)John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.
A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told
【答案】D
【解析】句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话, 我会跟他一起去的。前一句是陈述语气, 说明动发生在过去, 而且后一句的主句已经是would have gone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构, 应该用had +过去分词。
(2010﹒四川﹒T3)— I take the book out?
—I’m afraid not.
A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need
【答案】B
【解析】表请求可用情态动词can, may, could, might ,表允许用can, may.句意为： “我可以将这本书带出去吗？” “恐怕不行”。故应选表情请求的情态动词may。正确答案为B。
(2010﹒全国卷I﹒T29)Just be patient .You ______ expect the world to change so soon .
A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. whether
【答案】A
【解析】句意：耐心一点儿, 你不能期望世界变化如此快。通过选项此题考查情态动词, can’t在否定句中可以表示推测, 译为不可能,可以表示能力, 译为不能够, 也可以表示命令, 不允许, 但是语气比mustn’t弱, 具有劝慰的意思, 根据句意此题中选择A, can’t表示劝慰。
(2010﹒江苏﹒T25)—I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday.
A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_
【答案】B
【解析】shall在第二人称中表示允诺, 还可以表示强制, 命令, 威胁, 警告。还有在法律条文中的要求或规定。
(2010﹒江苏﹒T34)George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
【答案】B
【解析】would rather后应用虚拟语气, 表示与现在时间相反, 用动词的过去式
(2010﹒陕西﹒T23)May I take this book out of the reading room?
No, you . You read it in here.
A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
【答案】D
【解析】英语中用could, might表示询问或征求意见的问句中, 肯定性应答要用can或may来代替could或might, 而may或might征求意见的问句否定应答时要用mustn’t, 故本题选D。
(2010﹒陕西﹒T15)If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken
【答案】B
【解析】所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语, 根据主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反, 故所填部分用had+过去分词形式, 选B。
(2010﹒全国卷II﹒T17)I’m afraid Mr. Harding _________see you now. He’s busy.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D .needn’t
【答案】A
【解析】结合语境, 根据情态动词用于疑问或否定推测时, 要用can’t。
(2010﹒湖北﹒T79)It’s said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they ________（不可能做到）because the ocean in between is too wide. (do)
【答案】can’t/ couldn’t have done it
【解析】当要对过去进行肯定的推测时, 要用 “can’t/couldn’t+have+done”的结构
(2010﹒湖北﹒T76)Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention ________ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss)
【答案】(should) be discussed　　
【解析】“insist”引导的宾语从句要用虚拟, 从句结构是“should”（可省略）加动词原形, 主语“problem” 是要 “被讨论”。
(2010﹒辽宁﹒T26)Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise.
A. can B. will C. must D. may
【答案】C
【解析】句意：医生说锻炼对身体重要, 但是必须是有规律的锻炼。Can一般表示 “可能, 或能力”；will表示 “意志”；may表示 “许可, 可能”；must表示 “必须”。
(2010﹒北京﹒T23)---Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. --Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters.
A. might B. must C. would D. can
【答案】B
【解析】第一个说话人说和史密斯小姐有约, 那下面的人就回应说, "那您一定就是Mrs. Peters了"因此排除A, C, D
(2010﹒北京﹒T34)--The weather has been very hot and dry.
--Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables .
A. wouldn't die B. didn't die C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died 【答案】D
【解析】第二个说话人的If条件句是我们选择正确答案的关键。要是当时下雨了, 现在的情况就好的多了！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。过去没有下雨, 所以我的蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。而将句子还原则为If it had rained even a drop, my vegetables wouldn't have died. If+ had done, 主句为couldn’t/ shouldn't/ wouldn't have done.
(2010﹒浙江﹒T10)Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .
A．would have been saved B．had been saved
C．will be saved D．was saved
【答案】A
【解析】根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气, 原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .故选择A。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序, 就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。
(2010﹒浙江﹒T17) “You ____ have a wrong number,” she said. “There’s no one of that name here.”
A. need B. can C. must D. would
【答案】C
【解析】肯定的猜测, 用must
(2010﹒上海﹒T29)---Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.
---Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.
A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't
【答案】C
【解析】此处表示和过去事实相反的情况, 应该用should + have + 过去分词。本来应该做, 而未做
(2010﹒重庆﹒T21)You park here! It’s an emergency exit.
A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
【答案】D
【解析】由后面的 “这是一个紧急出口”可知, 这儿是禁止某人停车, 所以用mustn’t表示禁止某人做某事。符合语境。
(2011﹒全国卷﹒T32)They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A.will B.can C.must D.should
【答案】D
【解析】句意为“他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。”will have done将来可以完成；can have done可能做过……吗？表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句；must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选D。
(2011﹒全国卷II﹒T8)If you smoke, please go outside.
A. can B. should C. must D. may
【答案】C
【解析】句意为“如果你非得要抽烟，请到外面去抽。”must (表示主张)一定要，坚持要。根据后一句please go outside的要求，选C。
(2011﹒北京﹒T24)——I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?
——Don’t worry. He come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.
A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not
【答案】D
【解析】句意为“——我真不喜欢James。你为何请了他？——别担心。他可能来不了。他说他的计划还没安排好。”题干中的he wasn’t certain说明他可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否定might not。选D。
(2011﹒北京﹒T28)——Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
——I wish they always late.
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been
【答案】A
【解析】句意为“——孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。——我但愿他们不要老是迟到。”wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always，从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。
(2011﹒北京﹒T30)Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
【答案】C
【解析】句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮助。”then表示过去的时间，if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选C。
(2011﹒天津﹒T15)I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come
【答案】D
【解析】句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didn’t know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。
(2011﹒上海春招﹒T27) Some young people these days just ______ go out of their homes to contact the real world.
A. mustn’t B. won’t C. mightn’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意为“现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真正的世界。”mustn’t禁止，不允许；won’t不愿意，就是不，偏不，具有主观性；mightn’t可能不；shouldn’t不应该。根据句意选B。
(2011﹒江苏﹒T34)——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
——How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.
A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen
【答案】B
【解析】句意为“——我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运的是，有人拾到交给了铁路部门。——失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。”will have done将来可以完成，must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，都与题意不符。should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做，这就意味着希望有人偷包。might have stolen 过去可能做过，语气比较婉转或不肯定，根据句意选B。
(2011﹒福建﹒T25)——Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
——I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the meeting .
A.will B.must C.may D.can
【答案】B
【解析】句意为“——需要我现在就通知他计划有变吗？——恐怕你得这样做，以防他开会迟到。”must (表示必要、命令或强制)必须,得。根据后半句，选B。
(2011﹒福建﹒T34)——Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
——I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A.attended B.had attended C.would attend D.would have attended
【答案】D
【解析】句意为“——真可惜你错过了那场有关核污染的讲座。——我本可以去听的，但我当时忙于工作面试。”对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。
(2011﹒安徽﹒T26)——What do you think of store shopping in the future?
——Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _____.
A. will never replace B. would never replace
C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced
【答案】C
【解析】句意为“——你对将来的商店购物怎么看？——我个人认为会与在家购物并存，但商店购物不会被取代。”根据I think it will exist along with home shopping，排除虚拟的选项D，这是表示将来的时间，考虑到被动语态，选C。
(2011﹒浙江﹒T11)——How’s your new babysitter?
——We ________ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.
A. should B. might C. mustn‘t D. couldn’t
【答案】D
【解析】句意为“——你的新保姆怎么样？——找不到更好的了。我们的孩子们很喜欢她。”should应该；might可能，可以；mustn‘t禁止；couldn’t不可能。根据句意选D。
(2011﹒四川﹒T20)The police still haven’t found the lost child, but they’re doing all they .
A.can B.may C.must D.should
【答案】A
【解析】句意为“警方依然没有找到失踪的孩子，但他们现在正在做他们所能做的一切。”can可以，能够；may可能，许可；must必须；should应该。根据句意，选A。
(2011﹒重庆﹒T25)——Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night?
—— I wanted to ,but my mom simply _________ not let me out so late at night.
A. could B. might C. would D. should
【答案】C
【解析】句意为“——昨晚你为什么没来参加Simon的聚会？——我想来的，但我妈妈就是不愿我这么晚出来。”could可以，能够，表示可能性或用于婉转语气；might可能，表示不确定；would愿意，偏要，表示意志；should应该，表示建议、命令、决定等。根据题意选C。
(2011﹒陕西﹒T22)I __________through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone
【答案】A
【解析】句意为“没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。”that bitter period表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选A。
(2011﹒陕西﹒T24)——Will you read me a story ,Mummy?
——OK. You ________have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
A. might B. must C. could D. shall
【答案】D
【解析】句意为“——妈妈，可以读一个故事给我听吗？——好的，如果你马上上床睡觉的话。”shall 用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称时,表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等，题中是母亲对儿子的承诺，故选D。
(2011﹒湖南﹒T28)No one ________ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
A. can B. need C. must D. might
【答案】A
【解析】句意为“在打篮球方面没人能比得上姚明。”can可以，能够；need需要；must必须；might可能。故根据题意，选A。
(2011﹒辽宁﹒T21)If you go, at least wait until the storm is over.
A. can B. may C. must D. will
【答案】C
【解析】句意为“如果你非得走话，至少也要等到这暴风雨过去后。”
can可以，能够；may 可能，许可；must(表示主张)一定要，坚持要；will将要，愿意。根据后句的劝告，选C。
(2011﹒江西﹒T23)It _______ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.
A. mustn’t B.can’t C.won’t D.needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意为“不可能是邮递员在门口，才六点钟呢。”mustn’t 禁止，不允许；can’t 不可能；won’t 不愿意，就是不，偏不；needn’t 不需要。根据后一句中“现在仅仅是六点”，only一词肯定语气强烈，前一句为门外的绝不可能是邮递员。故选B。
(2011﹒江西﹒T28)We _____John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
A.will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put
【答案】B
【解析】句意为“要不是因为他最近受伤，我们本应该把John的名字加进昨天的比赛名单中。”but for 是虚拟语气的提示，yesterday表示过去的时间。对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选B。
(2011﹒江西﹒T22)We have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.
A．may not B．needn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t
【答案】B
【解析】may not不可以，needn’t不需要，can't不可能， mustn't绝不可能　
本句句意为：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭，所以我们就不需要买这么多食物。

(2012﹒湖南﹒T29)Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A. have had B. had had C. have D. had
【答案】D
【解析】从句中用一般过去时表现在的假设。动词的时态 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 一般过去式表对现在的假设
(2012﹒重庆﹒T25)-____you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?
-Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.
A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would
【答案】 C
【解析】句意：“——你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你不能看到我在打电话吗？——对不起，先生，事情很急。”根据语境结合选项的词义，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。
(2012﹒辽宁﹒T24)One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school.
A. might B. could C. shall D. will
【答案】C
【解析】Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。这儿是说根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。
(2012﹒四川﹒T9)I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I ____ do in China.
A. must B. might C. can D. should
【答案】 B
【解析】句意为：我靠他们足够的近以听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。might表示“可能”。故选B。
(2012﹒陕西﹒T17)If may car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be
【答案】B
【解析】根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用had done，选B。
(2012﹒陕西﹒T23)I______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
A. won’t B. can’t C. can D. will
【答案】B
【解析】所填情态动词与too 构成固定句型can’t/couldn’t …too…，意思是：再……都不为过，选B。
(2012﹒北京﹒T33)We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?
A. should face B. might face
C. could have faced D. must have faced
【答案】C
【解析】虚拟语气考点，对过去的虚拟，本能……。
(2012﹒北京﹒T35)Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.
A. is B. were C. has been D. had been
【答案】B
【解析】虚拟语气考点，对现在的虚拟用were。
(2012﹒全国卷II﹒T17)I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _______ find the money.
A. can B. might C. would D. need
【答案】A
【解析】此处考查了can的本意“能”，表示“能力”。句意：我要和John一起去欧洲度假，如果我能找到钱。
(2012﹒全国新课程﹒T30)I use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.
A. couldn't B. mustn't
C. shouldn't D. needn't
【答案】D
【解析】此处考查情态动词，needn’t+动词原形表示：没有必要做某事。句意：我没有必要用闹钟唤醒我，因为每天早上6点火车都经过我的房子。
(2012﹒山东﹒T30)If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.
A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make
C. didn’t make D. hadn’t made
【答案】D
【解析】在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done的形式。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会这样成功。
(2012﹒福建﹒T31)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we________ more places of interest yesterday.
A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited
【答案】D
【解析】本题关键是从时间状语yesterday知道是对过去的虚拟，前半句是个过去的客观事实“我们在那个小山村迷路”，otherwise否则后半句是用对过去的虚拟would have done，答案为D项。对虚拟语气的做法主要是看时间状语或是看里面的关键词是对什么时间的虚拟，这就很容易了。
(2012﹒江苏﹒T35)— Happy birthday!
—Thank you! It’s the best present I for.
A. should have wished B. must have wished
C. may have wished D. could have wished
【答案】D
【解析】A项意为“本应该期望而实际上并非如此”；B项意为“一定希望”；C项意为“也许希望”；D项意为“可能希望”。句意为：——生日快乐！——谢谢你！这是我所能期望的最好的礼物了。根据句意可知，应选D项。
(2012﹒江苏﹒T28)Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but say where he was.
A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. wouldn't D. mightn't
【答案】C
【解析】mustn’t意为“禁止”；shouldn’t意为“不应该”；wouldn’t意为“不愿意”；mightn’t意为“或许不”。句意为：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切很好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。根据句意可知，应选C项。
(2012﹒安徽﹒T31)Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. Were to live
【答案】D
【解析】在表示将来的情况下，主句中第一人称可用should，其他人称用would；从句中任何人称都用should,不可用would.
(2013﹒安徽﹒T28)I ______ to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available
A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。本题的解题关键是逗号之后的句子“but I was not available”，由此可以看出，昨晚的聚会我没有参加，所以空处是与过去事实相反的动作，故正确答案是would have gone。
(2013﹒北京﹒T34)If we ______ a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.
A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked
【答案】D。
【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。本句是一个包含了一个条件状语从句的复合句，从主句的谓语动词would be standing 可以推出，用的是虚拟语气，这样，if就是一个虚拟条件句，“订餐”是发生在过去，故是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，句中谓语动词应该用had done的形式，因此锁定答案。
(2013﹒福建﹒T30)—Do you think George has passed the driving test?
—No. If so, he _____his car to our college yesterday.
A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven
【答案】C。
【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。根据句中的yesterday可以判断出是与过去的事实相反，所以主句用would have done 结构。
(2013﹒江苏﹒T30)I should not have laughed if I ______ you were serious.
A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought
【答案】C。
【解析】本题考查非真实条件句的虚拟语气。根据主句中should not have laughed可知，本句所讲与过去事实相反。If引导非真实条件句表示与过去事实相反时，从句结构为had done.。所以选A。
(2013﹒陕西﹒T12)My mom suggests that we ______ eat out for a change this weekend.
A. should B. might C. could D. would
【答案】A。
【解析】本题考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气。本句是一个复合句，主句谓语动词suggests,后跟宾语从句，谓语动词要用（should）do sth，故答案是A。
(2013﹒天津﹒T14)If he had spent more time practicing English before, he ______ able to speak it much better now
A. will be B. would be C has been D. would have been
【答案】B。
【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。本句是一个错综时间虚拟句。从句是对过去事实的虚拟，谓语用had done，而主句则是对现在（now）事实的一种假设，所以用would do，所以B项符合句意。
(2013﹒浙江﹒T8)Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam _____ at the age of six months old.
A. was B. be C. were D. is
【答案】B。
【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句中谓语动词 recommend 判断出后面的宾语从句应该用(should) do sth。
(2013﹒重庆﹒T29)— It rained cats and dogs this morning. I'm glad we took an umbrella.
— Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ______.
A. hadn't B. haven't C. didn't D. don't
【答案】A。
【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。事实是带了伞，那么假设没带伞，就是与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句部分要用had/hadn’t done sth的形式。
(2013﹒陕西﹒T21)The children ______ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get
【答案】A。
【解析】本题考查情态动词表示对过去情况的推测。从句子的后半部分看，谓语动词用了would have been，说明是与过去事实相反的，故前半句应该是对过去事实的推测，应该用情态动词+ 完成式，排除选项B，D；选项C虽然是对过去情况的猜测，但意思是“本应迷路，但没迷路”，与句意不符，排除。
(2013﹒新课标卷II﹒T6)Since nobody gave him any help, he ______ have done the research on his own.
A. can B. must C. would D. need
【答案】B。
【解析】本题考查情态动词表示对过去情况的推测。由“没有人帮过”可以推断出“一定是他自己做的”，而must have done的意思就是“一定做过某事”，表示对过去发生的事情的推测。
(2013﹒江西﹒T29)When I was a child, I ______ watch TV whenever I wanted to.
A. should B. could C. must D. need
【答案】B。
【解析】考查情态动词。本题的解题关键在于从句when I was a child；确定了整个句子的时态为过去时；need的过去式是needed，因此选项D为错误；A选项should与第一人称连用，表达有义务或有责任做某事，意为“应该，应当”；B选项could用在过去时中表示“可能性”或“能力”；C选项must很少用于过去式，一般在过去时态中经常用had to来代替。
(2013﹒辽宁﹒T31)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ______ too much at the party last night.
A. could drink B. should drink C. would have D. must have drunk
【答案】D。
【解析】本题考查情态动词表示过去情况的推测。根据时间状语last night可知，本句讲的是过去的事情，故先排除选项A，B。would have done是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句结构，must have done表示对过去情况猜测，“肯定做过……”。由句意理解，这里是表示猜测。故选D。
(2013﹒四川﹒T5)—Why are your eyes so red? You _______ have slept well last night.
—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t
【答案】A。
【解析】本题考查情态动词表猜测。根据眼睛红推测没睡好觉，can’t/couldn’t have done 的意思是“过去不可能做过”， 正合题意，为正确答案；mustn’t have done 不存在，；needn’t have done 意思是“本没要做但做了”；won’t have done 意思是“将不能完成”，均与句意不符，排除。
(2013﹒天津﹒T9)No one ______ be more generous; he has a heart of gold.
A. could B. must C. dare D. need
【答案】A。
【解析】本题考查情态动词。A项could表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中，而且本句中还包含了否定词+比较级表达最高级的一种用法，表示他是最慷慨大方的；B项must表示必须、必要或说话人的主观看法；C项dare用于否定句中表示敢于。D项need用于疑问句、否定句中表示有必要，需要。
(2013﹒安徽﹒T34)It ______ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
A. may B. couldn’t C. should D. needn’t
【答案】B。
【解析】本题考查情态动词的推测意义。从后面的原因看，你的词汇量多，推断：导致出现问题的原因不可能是词汇问题。can’t /couldn’t be 的意思是“不可能是”，故为正确答案。
(2013﹒北京﹒T35)--- You needn’t take an umbrella. It isn’t going to rain.
--- Well, I don’t know. It ______ do.
A. might B. need C. would D. should
【答案】A。
【解析】本题考查情态动词的推测意义。本题的关键是“I don’t know”，既然是不清楚，那就是有可能，因此用might；
(2013﹒湖南﹒T32)He ________ sleep, although he tried to when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.
A．wouldn't B．shouldn't C．couldn't D．mustn't
【答案】C。
【解析】考查情态动词。从although he tried to可判断出，他试图想睡，但又睡不着，wouldn’t 不愿意，shouldn’t 不该，mustn’t含有禁止的意思，couldn’t不能，故选择C。
(2013﹒新课标卷I﹒T29)The door ________ open, no matter how hard she pushed.
A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t
【答案】C。
【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。题干是《朗文当代英文词典》当中的一个例句，用来说明would not的用法：即使某人努力让某事发生，某事就是不发生，翻译成汉语有“偏不”的意思。这种用法是would not所独有的，故最佳答案是C。
(2013﹒浙江﹒T3)I ______ myself more ---- it was a perfect day.
A. shouldn’t have enjoyed B. needn’t have enjoyed
C. wouldn’t have enjoyed D. couldn’t have enjoyed
【答案】D。
【解析】考查情态动词。must have done表示对过去的推测，只用于肯定句，故排除B；wouldn’t have done表示虚拟或原不想做的事情却做了，needn’t have done表示本不必做却做了某事，can’ t / couldn’t …more表示“再什么不过了，再也没有比这更… 的”，从下文it was a perfect day可知“我玩得再开心不过了”， 故选择D。
(2013﹒重庆﹒T26)— What are you doing this Saturday?
— I'm not sure, but I ______ go to the Rolling Stones concert
A. must B. would C. should D. might
【答案】D。
【解析】本题考查情态动词。本题的关键词是I’m not sure，既然不确定，那就是不能说必须，将，应该，排除选项A，B，C。
(2014﹒安徽﹒T30)People are recycling many things which they ________ away in the past!
A．had thrown B．will be throwing
C．were throwing D．would have thrown
【答案】D
【解析】根据in the past可知，说的是过去情况，对过去情况的推测或评说，应使用“情态动词＋完成式”结构。句意：现在人们回收利用很多东西，而过去他们会将这些扔掉。 故选D。
(2014﹒北京﹒T27)________I have a word with you? It won't take long.
A．Can B．Must
C．Shall D．Should
【答案】A
【解析】根据上下文可知，说话人在请求听话人允许短时间内的一个交谈。can表示“能不能”，故选A。
(2014﹒北京﹒T34)We ________back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.
A．are B．were
C．will be D．would be
【答案】D
【解析】根据条件状语从句中if we didn't lose the map可知，主从句都是对现在情况的假设，所以选D。
(2014﹒全国大纲卷﹒T30)Although you ________ find bargains in London, it's not generally a cheap place to shop.
A. should B. need
C. must D. can
【答案】D
【解析】句意：尽管你能在伦敦找到便宜货，但是它一般不是购物便宜的地方。此处can意为“能”。根据句意选D。
(2014﹒福建﹒T32)________no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A．Were there B．Had there been
C．If there are D．If there have been
【答案】A　
【解析】句意：要是没有现代化的通讯，我们将不得不等待若干个星期才能获得来自世界各地的消息。“要是没有现代化的通讯”是对现在情况的一种假设，故从句中使用一般过去时态，省略if后把were提到从句主语之前。故选择A项。
(2014﹒湖南﹒T22)If Mr Dewey ________ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
A. were　　　　　　　B. had been
C. should be D. was
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果Dewey先生当时在场的话，他就会尽一切可能帮助那里的人们。根据主句中的would have offered可知，这是对过去的虚拟，故条件句用had done形式。
(2014﹒湖南﹒T25)—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we ________ bring anything with us?
A. can't B. mustn't
C. shan't D. needn't
【答案】D
【解析】句意：“我已经为这次野炊准备了各种各样的食物。”“你的意思是说我们不需要携带任何东西了？”此处needn't表示“没有必要”。
(2014﹒江苏﹒T31)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food.
A．might B．would
C．should D．could
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他们这么穷竟然还带食物给我，这使我很难过。should表示“竟然”，符合语境，故C项正确。might可能；would愿意；could能够。
(2014﹒江西﹒T30)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest ________ become the richest.
A. shall B. must C.need D. might
【答案】D
【解析】句意：生活是不可预料的，甚至最穷的人可能变成最富有的人。根据unpredictable可知表示可能性，本题应该选择might。
(2014﹒陕西﹒T23)We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
A. would stay B. has stayed
C. stayed D. stay
【答案】C
【解析】would rather后跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用过去式表示动作发生在现在或将来，用“had＋过去分词”表示动作发生在过去。根据后一句中的is可知此处动词用过去式，故选C。
(2014﹒四川﹒T6)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
A. might B. must
C. would D. should
【答案】C
【解析】此处would表示过去习惯性的动作，意为“过去常常”。句意：我仍旧记得我快乐的童年，那时我的母亲常在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。
(2014﹒天津﹒T15)________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
A. Did he catch B. Should he catch
C. Has he caught D. Had he caught
【答案】D　
【解析】句意：如果他赶上了早晨的火车，他开会就不会迟到了。根据题干中的后半句“…he would not have been late for the meeting.”可知，这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，因此前面的从句中需用过去完成时had done。在if引导的虚拟语气中，当句中有were, should, had时，可将if省去，并把were, should, had提到主语的前面构成部分倒装，故D项正确。
(2014﹒浙江﹒T16)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ________ to our help.
A．would have come B．could come
C．have come D．had come
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当我们在做调查的那几个月里，他们一直在国外，否则的话他们早就来帮我们了。从句中的关键题眼or可以知道，此处是虚拟语气，同时根据前面的they were abroad可以知道，此处是对过去状况的虚拟，根据语法规则知，句中谓语动词用“should/would/could/might ＋have done”结构，所以选A项。
(2014﹒重庆﹒T3)I've ordered some pizza, so we ________ worry about cooking when we get home tired.
A. can't B. dare not
C. needn't D. may not
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我已经订了比萨，因此当我们很累地回到家时没有必要担心做饭的事情。need表示必要性；can多表能力或推测；dare表示胆量；may则表示准许或可能。
(2014﹒重庆﹒T13)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ________ it?
A. had done B. have done
C. did D. am doing
【答案】A　
【解析】as if后的句子若表示与事实相反，须用虚拟语气。根据前一句中谓语动词用一般过去时可知，as if后的句子表示的是与过去事实相反的假设，用过去完成时。故选A。

(2015﹒北京﹒T29)—Can’t you stay a little longer?
—It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.
A .may B .can C . must D .dare
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选C。
(2015﹒北京﹒T34) If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.
A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。根据后半句wouldn’t have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式。故选D。
(2015﹒重庆﹒T7)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written
C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done，因此选D项。
(2015﹒重庆﹒T12)You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
A. must B. can C. will D. shall
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。 must表示对现在的肯定推测。 故选A。
(2015﹒浙江﹒T4)It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D needn’t
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析:句意:太吵了,以致我们不能够听到我们在说什么? A的意思是不能，B的意思是不应该，C的意思是禁止，D的意思是不需要。该题用到了一个so+形容词+that的句式，做题时应该正确理解句意及这句式的用法。正确理解这是表达不能还是表达其他的东西。must只能用于肯定句，用于否定句表示禁止，这一点尤其要注意因为往往会出错。如果表示一种可能往往是can的形式(过去时态使用could)
(2015﹒天津﹒T7)I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn’t have done本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据句意可知选C。
(2015﹒天津﹒T13)I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
A. will be B. would be
C. have been D. had been
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用had + 过去分词。根据句意可知选D。
(2015﹒四川﹒T2)You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!
A .must B. may C. can D. will
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机很昂贵，故选择A，意为：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。
(2015﹒陕西﹒T21) You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.
A. should B. need C. shall D. may
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我有100%的把握你以后会感激它的。should应该；need需要；shall将会；may（不确定）可能。所以选D。
(2015﹒陕西﹒T23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.
A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：Ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，所以选C。
(2015﹒福建﹒T27)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You have made full preparations.
A. must B. can C. would D. Should
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析:考查情态动词+have done结构。A must必须B.can可以; C.would 将会: D.should 应该。这里是情态+have done 的结构的虚拟语气，can+have+done'表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过 .. 吗?";could+have+done , 表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做; must+have+done"表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一 -定做过某事i ，该结构只用于肯定句; should+have+done"意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。该对话意思为: -对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败---噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。故选D
(2015﹒江苏﹒T28)It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.
A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外，当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将 had, should 或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。
(2015﹒安徽﹒T32)It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now.
A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：我们很幸运地订到了房间，否则的话，我们现在就会无处可去了。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or后面是主句，相当于if we hadn’t booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would+动词原形，故选C。
(2016﹒江苏﹒T27)If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A. had not been B. should not be C.were not to be D.should not have been
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查虚拟语气。本句属于错综条件句的虚拟语气。if从句表示与过去事实相反，所以使用过去完成时，主句表示与现在事实相反，所以使用“情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。故A正确。
(2016﹒天津﹒T5)It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：这真是令人生气的；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldn’t不愿意；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必。故选B。
(2016﹒浙江﹒T17) George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm .
A. must have gone B. might have gone C. can't have gone D. needn't have gone
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can’t have done是对过去的否定推测；must have done过去一定做了某事；might have done过去可能做了某事；needn’t have done过去本不必做某事。故选C。

(2017﹒北京﹒T21)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A. must B. should C. can D. need
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：Samuel，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。表示能力，用can。
(2017﹒北京﹒T34)If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put
【答案】A


(2017﹒江苏﹒T22) _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B

(2017﹒天津﹒T2)My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A. 不敢；B. 不应该；C. 不需要；D. 禁止。根据句意，故选C。
(2017﹒天津﹒T15)—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。此处otherwise(否则)相当于一个条件状语从句，由yesterday可知本句对过去进行虚拟，由此可以判断出主句用wouldn’t have done，故选B。
(2018﹒江苏﹒T24)It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
【答案】B


(2018﹒江苏﹒T27)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.
A. had B. will have
C. would have had D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
(2018﹒天津﹒T10)I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
【答案】D

(2018﹒天津﹒T15)If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。
(2018﹒北京﹒T12) In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
A. need B. should C. can D. must
【答案】C

(2018﹒北京﹒T13)They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。
(2019﹒江苏﹒T31)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。
(2019﹒天津﹒T14)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。