【期末备考】2023年上海市高一下期末复习英语试卷-B卷（原题版）

这是一份【期末备考】2023年上海市高一下期末复习英语试卷-B卷（原题版），共11页。
【期末备考】2023年上海市高一下期末复习英语试卷 -B卷（原题版） Grammar and Vocabulary   （每题1分；共20分）Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the （2022秋·高一上海市南洋模范中学校考期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. What makes us afraid?What are the things that scare you: snakes, spiders or creepy crawlies? Or maybe you have a fear of heights or ___1___ (visit) the dentist. Although some of us just get scared or a bit nervous about these things, for others it can cause an irrational (不理智的) reaction that can’t be controlled—something we call a phobia. It occurs ___2___ someone develops an exaggerated or unrealistic sense of danger about a situation or object. Sometimes it’s good to be aware of the possible dangers from things. Our brain alerts us to the risks that ___3___ lie ahead, but then we often rationalise (合理地解释) the risks and overcome them. Clinical psychologist Warren Mansell told the BBC: “Our fears are hard-wired into our brains—we don’t need to learn to be afraid of animals like snakes or spiders.” But phobias are stronger than just fears. Warren says: “An area called the amygdala in the brain is recognising a threat and preparing your body ___4___ fight or flight.” With a phobia, your breathing gets quicker, your pulse speeds up, you sweat, there’s more glucose in your blood, increasing your energy, and your brain is unable to control these reactions. But where does a phobia come from? Speaking to the BBC, Lauren Rosenberg, a fear and phobia expert, says: “Phobias usually are a copy behaviour from a ___5___ (high) authority, like a parent or teacher, or something you ___6___ (learn) from your own experience.” Or a trauma (心理创伤) from a past event ___7___ comes back to haunt you. There are many different complex phobias some people suffer from, such as agoraphobia—___8___ (trigger) by being away from home, social anxiety disorder—feeling anxious in social situations, and iatrophobia—fear of doctors. But how can they be overcome? Cognitive behavioural therapy is one choice, where you gradually get used to ___9___ it is you fear. Lauren Rosenburg says she likes to work with people to clear their subconscious memory and help them breathe. But if you do have a phobia, continually trying ____10____ (avoid) what you’re afraid of is likely to make the situation worse, so it’s a good idea to find help to overcome it. Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.  Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.（2022秋·高一上海市进才中学校考期末）A．universally  B．arouse   C． fix   D．eventually E. tempered   F. healing G. overeat     H. tempted   I. freezing  J. activated    K. rushWarning! This article could be bad for your health! As many of us endure the long, cold winter, we are  ____11____ to eat some filling and fattening foods. This is sometimes because it helps us to keep warm and to give us energy, but often it’s because we need something to cheer us up. And, for a short while at least, it  ____12____ makes us feel better – which is why we call it “comfort food”.The type of food that makes us feel good varies from person to person – it depends on your palate and the association you have with particular tastes, textures and smells. But probably the most  ____13____ popular comforter is the biscuit. It’s thought this go-to snack often brings back happy memories of childhood and family, as well as giving us that all-important sugary pick-me-up. According to psychologist called Shira Gabriel, we get a  ____14____ of positive feelings when these memories are activated by eating comfort food. And it’s not just memories that are  ____15____, but also the emotions we feel as well. If we felt happy the first time we ate the food, then hopefully we’ll feel happy when we eat it again.Moving on from the sweet and sugary snacks, famous chef and food writer Mary Berry knows about the kind of meals that warm us up and give us comfort in the winter. She told BBC Food magazine: “I think it becomes natural to think about comfort food as soon as the weather becomes  ____16____ and the nights become darker.” She suggests soup and warming foods as feel-good winter treats.The other thing about comforting dishes like mac and cheese, noodles or pizza is they don’t require culinary skills in the kitchen; they are easy to make so you can get your  ____17____ of feel-good food quickly. However, we often feel so good that we eat too much, and even though we know the ingredients are high in carbohydrates, sugar or salt, we continue to  ____18____. Psychologist Shira Gabriel told the BBC: “We feel guilty because we don’t realize that what’s happening is our minds are finding a way to  ____19____ a really positive emotion and they’re making us eat that food to do so.”Maybe we should take comfort from the fact that eating certain food can be  _____20_____. But, for some people, eating any kind of food brings joy, warmth, happiness and comfort. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context（2022秋·高一上海市延安中学校考期末）Goodish News of Climate ChangeEmissions of carbon dioxide (related to energy production) have stabilized, for now.Is it a peak, a stutter or just a brief pause? Time will tell. But whatever it is, on February 11th the International Energy Agency (IEA), an intergovernmental ____21____ which collects such data, announced that emissions of carbon dioxide in 2019 which were ____22____ to energy had remained the same (33.3bn tonnes) as the previous year’s.Energy-related emissions, which include those (produced by electricity generation), heating and transport, ____23____ more than 70% of the world’s industrial CO₂ pollution. The reason why the emissions remained the same was that there was a(n) ____24____ in coal use, particularly in rich countries, combined with an increase in the use of renewable power.As a result of this the CO₂-intensity of electricity generation—a(n) ____25____ of how much of the gas is emitted per kilowatt hour of petrol produced—fell by nearly 6.5%, to 340 grams of CO₂ per kilowatt hour. It had already been ____26____, but this is three times the average for the past decade. Such declines more than offset (抵消) the ____27____ of increased electricity production. The average emission-intensity of power generation in 2019 was “lower than all but the most efficient gas-power plants”, according to the IEA．This is not the first time energy related emissions have plateaued (保持稳定). Between 2013 and 2016 they hovered around 32.2bn tonnes a year, before rising again in 2017 as the use of coal to ____28____ developing economies increased. This ____29____ plateau was accompanied by excited declarations that such emissions had peaked. Similar ____30____ have been made this week, perhaps also prematurely. Besides changes in coal use, a ____31____ economy may have played a part and the data show that milder than usual weather caused a perceptible drop in emissions from several countries with large, carbon-hungry economies.____32____, the latest data from the Amazon rainforest also make us feel relieved. This, one of the world’s largest woodlands, has acted ____33____ as an absorbing sponge (海绵) for CO₂ by removing it from the atmosphere through photo-synthesis. Researchers at Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research have shown that a vast part of the south-east of the Amazon, about one fifth of its area, has lost its ____34____ to absorb the gas and is now a net source of emissions into the atmosphere instead. This land has been widely deforested, so the result is little ____35____. But it is disappointing.21．A．circumstance B．environment C．contribution D．organization22．A．available B．similar C．related D．referred23．A．call for B．account for C．stand for D．allow for24．A．decline B．increase C．promotion D．recovery25．A．product B．idea C．measure D．result26．A．floating B．falling C．disappearing D．remaining27．A．outcome B．change C．effect D．achievement28．A．fuel B．regulate C．handle D．expand29．A．frequent B．previous C．natural D．disastrous30．A．tips B．plans C．warnings D．comments31．A．booming B．dynamic C．strong D．depressed32．A．In addition B．By contrast C．In consequence D．In fact33．A．accidentally B．absolutely C．historically D．correctly34．A．prospect B．ability C．need D．decision35．A．anger B．hope C．devotion D．surprise Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A)（2022高一上海市复兴高级中学校考期末）Alex Elman runs a big business --- something hard to imagine after she lost her sight in her twenties. But Elman says that losing her sight helped her focus on finding success.Elman’s father planted a hillside vineyard Massachusetts in 1981. It’s where Elman fled during the darkest period of her life. When she was 27 years old, she went blind due to complications from Juvenile diabetes (青少年糖尿病) 17 years ago. She recalled, “I hid in my home. I hid in the place, to me, that was the safest place in the world.”Elman is now the founder of Alex Elman Wines, a growing collection of organic wines from all around the world: Chianti from Italy, Torrontes from Argentina. Elman doesn’t work alone. Her assistant, a guide dog named Hanley, is something of a wine taster, and quite a beggar. Hanley travels to all the wineries that Elman does, from South America to Europe.At first, Elman resisted the idea of a seeing-eye dog. Now it’s hard to imagine her life, or her business, without him. She said, “When someone tells me something is organic and I don’t really believe it because I taste something funny on it, I’ll put it in front of his face and if he likes the wine, he’ll actually go in and sniff it. If it’s not right, he’ll turn his head away … He gets in the dirt with me. He scratches around. He makes sure that we see earthworms and butterflies. That’s how we know that the soil is actually organic, that there are no chemicals.”Elman told CBS News she believes the loss of her vision was a gift. She said, “It allowed me to pay attention to what I thought was important and also to be able to teach people that the broken hang nail is not a big deal, you know what I mean? Don’t sweat the small stuff. Don’t sweat the big stuff either.”36．From Para. 2, we know that Elman ________.A．got through her hard days in the vineyardB．liked playing hide-and-seek during her childhoodC．suffered from Juvenile diabetes from 27 years oldD．lost her sight while helping with farm work in 198137．Whenever Elman couldn’t judge the wine exactly, she would ________.A．make Hanley drink it B．turn to Hanley for adviceC．order Hanley to head away D．have another taste herself38．The underlined phrase “the broken hang nail (para. 5) probably refers to ________.A．a nail which is of no use B．a disadvantage you have in your lifeC．a person who is hard to deal with D．a take that is not easy to accomplish39．This passage mainly tells us that ________.A．there is no royal road to successB．a single tree does not make a forestC．the eye is blind if the mind is absentD．when life gives you lemons, make lemonade  (B)（2022秋·上海·高一上海市七宝中学校考期末）Vanuatu is an island nation in the South Pacific. It is also one of the smallest countries in the world. But for those interested in adventure and sport, there is a lot to do. Some of the best snorkeling (浮潜) can be found here. Vanuatu’s islands also offer visitors two of the most exciting and dangerous activities in the world: volcano surfing and land diving.Volcano SurfingOn Tanna Island, Mount Yasur rises 300 meters (1,000 feet) into the sky. It is known as the Lighthouse of the Pacific because of its regular eruptions for hundreds of years. For centuries, both island locals and visitors have climbed this mountain to visit the top. Some visitors find Yasur terrifying; others captivating. Photographers are beside themselves at the opportunity to make stunning artwork from such a special point. Recently, people have also started climbing Yasur to surf the volcano.In some ways, volcano surfing, also commonly known as ash boarding, is like surfing in the sea, but in other ways it’s very different. It was invented by an adventurer journalist named Zoltan Istvan, while on a trip to Vanuatu Islands in 2002. Volcano surfing is considered as an extreme sport and there are not many practicing it. A volcano surfer’s goal is to escape the erupting volcano — without getting hit by flying rocks! Riders hike up the volcano and slide down, sitting or standing, on a thin plywood or metal board. It’s fast, fun, and dangerous — the perfect extreme sport.Land DivingMost people are familiar with bungee jumping, but did you know bungee jumping started on Pentecost Island in Vanuatu and is almost fifteen centuries old? The original activity, called land diving, is part of a religious ceremony. A man ties tree vines (藤) to his legs. He then jumps head-first from a high tower. It originated as a rite (仪式) of passage for young men trying to prove their manhood. The idea is to jump from as high as possible, and to land as close to the ground as possible. It is also a harvest ritual. The islanders believe the higher the jumpers dive, the higher the crops will grow. Every spring, island natives (men only) still perform this amazing test of strength.40．Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A．Mount Yasur is a light tower on the Pacific Ocean.B．The history of volcano surfing dates back centuries.C．Bungee jumping grew out of land diving.D．Land diving came to Vanuatu from another country.41．The underlined word captivating is closest in meaning to ________.A．distressing B．charming C．disappointing D．relieving42．Which of the following could be the best title of this passage?A．Untouched Beauty: VANUATU B．Volcano Adventure: VANUATUC．Extreme Destination: VANUATU D．Preserved Culture: VANUATU                                          (C)（2022秋·上海·高一上海市建平中学校考期末）When was the last time you did something that gave you a genuine sense of achievement?For me it was last week, when I hung a picture on the wall. I know, it sounds a little crazy. But it was an easy project that I’d put off for too long.As accomplishments go, this wasn’t up there with achieving world peace, curing the incurable or running a marathon. Yet that feeling of genuine accomplishment is something that I fear we’re beginning to lose today. Now more than ever, we live in a world of instant gratitude, aided by ever-present digital devices that only feed the desire. News headlines, sports scores and the latest gossip are all a finger-swipe away on our smartphones. In this digital parallel universe, our sense of achievement has become defined by the number of positive reactions we get from posting a cool picture or making a brief comment.Just to be clear, I don’t have a problem with digital devices, apps or social media; I use them every day. Together they’ve helped us connect with others, solve problems and get things done in ways almost no one could have ever imagined. But the problem is: they aren’t very personally fulfilling.So how do we arrive at that genuine sense of achievement, whether it’s at work or our personal life? Daniel Pink, a noted author on work, management and behavioral science, has an interesting theory. When it comes to anything but the most basic tasks, we aren’t very motivated by the “traditional” motivators of fear, money or rewards. Instead, the factors include autonomy, mastery, and purpose. Autonomy represents our desire to be self-directed –to do what we want to do, when and how we want to do it; mastery refers to an essential urge to better our skills and derive satisfaction from doing so; and purpose is our desire to do something that is important and has true meaning, either to ourselves or to others.By tapping into these internal motivators, even unconsciously, we can accomplish great things, like exploring new hobbies or dreams; becoming passionate about our work; and deriving satisfaction from what we do and wanting to do more.We don’t need to achieve world peace or run a marathon to feel a sense of personal achievement. Anything will do—even hanging a few pictures on the wall. But it needs to start by putting our devices aside, at least for a little while.43．According to the passage, the reason why we are beginning to lose the sense of accomplishment is that _________.A．it’s easy for the masses to make a quick and positive commentB．most people fear they can hardly make any accomplishmentC．people tend to express their instant and artificial gratitude through the InternetD．the digital age has influenced our definition of the sense of achievement44．What can be inferred from the passage?A．The author is used to putting off a project for too long.B．Though not personally satisfactory, digital devices are somewhat helpful.C．The author objected to addressing issues with digital devices, apps or social media.D．Achieving world peace or curing the incurable goes beyond what we call achievement.45．The “internal motivators” in paragraph 6 refer to _________.A．fear, money and rewards B．hobbies, dreams and passionC．autonomy, mastery and purpose D．work, management and behavioral science46．What’s the author’s opinion on the sense of personal achievement?A．With digital devices, it is easy to obtain the sense of personal achievementB．Without social media, it is impossible to obtain the sense of personal achievement.C．With Internet, personal achievement can only be obtained through great success.D．Without digital devices, the sense of personal achievement can be obtained in daily tasks. Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.（2022秋·上海·高一上海市进才中学校考期末）What’s the relation between snore (打鼾) and obesity?Many people like to snore while they are sleeping, not only men, but also women, and they are getting younger. So why do people snore when they sleep?When people breathe, gas enters the body and passes through the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx, all the way to the trachea and lungs. Snoring is the sound of a gas passing through a narrow passage, resulting in strong airflow changes and vibrations.____47____ Snoring is not terrible, terrible is to play a few times after the sudden silence, not breathing the most terrible. If the air doesn’t get into the lungs, there’s a condition called sleep apnea, or sleep apnea. If the gas stays in your mouth or nose for more than 10 seconds, you’re basically suffering from sleep apnea. However, don’t worry too much.So, how can you prevent snoring? There are many popular remedies for snoring, such as drinking pepper water and using mouthwash before going to bed. ____48____ A large number of cases show that obesity is an important factor in the snoring phenomenon, and weight gain is an important cause of snoring and even breath-holding. When a lot of young people are not fat, they do not snore. But after weight gain, this phenomenon might occur. ____49____What’s more, people should give up bad habits in their daily life. For example, heavy drinking can make snoring worse. ____50____ Many cases show that patients do have a lot of benefits after cleaning the nasal cavity (鼻腔): many patients with mild allergic rhinitis or sinusitis through rinsing the nasal cavity, the condition has been significantly improved.A．So you should exercise more and control your weight.B．Well, that is not actually the case.C．However, these methods have little effect.D．In addition, also pay attention to nasal cleaning.E．In fact, if any place in this passage is narrow, there will be snoring.F．Sleeping on your back can also make you snore. IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.（2022秋·上海·高一华师大二附中校考期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.As parents, we need to help children build toward future success by developing persistence. Persistence is what drives actions such as finishing a task, pushing through frustration, putting in time and effort, or finding creative approaches to a challenging problem. The ability to keep trying early in life is linked to all sorts of favorable outcomes years later.There are three main strategies for encouraging persistence in your child.The first is modeling what persistence looks like. Good modeling is more effective when planned and carried out with a specific goal (such as developing honesty, or, yes, persistence) in mind. Parents who noticeably struggle with something that are slightly difficult at home, but continue to pursue the activity anyway, and repeat that pattern over time, may naturally foster persistence in a child. It helps more if they sometimes comment: “Hmm, that did not work. Let me try another way.”When you see your child doing this themselves and devoting special effort to a task, praise them right then and there. Praise even the smallest signs of effort. Quickly, clearly doing this will increase the child’s effort, which can, in turn, extend to other activities and situations they encounter in the future. In general, if you spot the child trying hard or harder than she usually does and working through tasks, praise them for what they are doing.And if you do not see this happening, and your child is not doing something a bit difficult, you do not need to wait. You can provide opportunities for persistence. That is, try to combine modeling and praise: Do anything that involves some time and effort together. Then, set small and eventually larger goals. Depending on how it is going, have the child do more and more of the task while you keep him or her company. However, your chosen activity should be fun or, at least, a time free of reprimands or harsh corrections.Some people are more naturally persistent than others. Repeated practice can teach children that the process is important—sometimes just as important as the goal.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets52．（2022春·上海·高一复旦附中校考期末）人难免有时会茫然无措，但在任何情况下都不要“摆烂”。(loss，倒装) 53．（2022春·上海·高一复旦附中校考期末）直到贵宾们都已入座主办方才解决了获奖者未能亲自到场的棘手问题。(present，强调句) 54．（2022春·上海·高一复旦附中校考期末）前锋因伤退赛后他意识到，这场半决赛的胜负取决于一点，那就是自己能否扑出所有点球。(dawn, down) 55．（2022春·上海·高一复旦附中校考期末）因其自身才华和艺术成就，一向致力于为受歧视群体发声的Taylor Swift被授予了荣誉学位，可谓实至名归。(couple, commit) VI.Guided Writing  (共25分)Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese（2022秋·上海静安·高一统考期末）Directions: Write an English composition in 80-100 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你叫李华，你所在年级的英语老师们在各班建立了英语学习微信群 (WeChat Group),师生在群中交流英语学习经验、布置英语学习任务、共享英语学习资料等，现已将近一个学期。你的英文老师Mary想得到学生们对这个英语学习群的反馈信息，请给她写一封电子邮件，内容要点如下：1. 是否有必要建立英语学习群？2. 这个英语学习群在哪些方面对学生是有帮助的？3. 你对此群有哪些方面的改进建议？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________