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2023届河南省郑州市高三下学期三模英语试题（含答案）
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这是一份2023届河南省郑州市高三下学期三模英语试题（含答案），共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，短文改错，告知信/通知等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023届河南省郑州市高三下学期三模英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Have you ever been to China’s waterfalls? In China, there are a large number of amazing waterfalls, which not only provide a very impressive sight but also play a vital role in the natural ecosystem. Here we will introduce you to China’s four most beautiful waterfalls that have been compared to heaven on earth.
First on the list is Huangguoshu Waterfall, Anshun City, southwest China’s Guizhou Province. It is one of Asia’s largest waterfalls, measuring 77. 8 meters in height and 101 meters in width. The thunderous sound of the water as it drops into the natural pool below serves as a real feast for your eyes and ears.
Second on the list is Detian Waterfall, lying on the border between China and Vietnam. Separated into three falls by rocks and trees, it ranks as the largest transnational (跨国的) waterfall in Asia. Its natural beauty, coupled with the surrounding karst landscape, is like a scene from a fairy tale.
Hukou Waterfall is lying in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, which sits at the intersection of two easily confused provinces — Shanxi and Shaanxi. It is the largest yellow waterfall in the world. Its width changes with the season. However, on average, it measures 30 meters in width by 20 meters in height. The roaring sound of the water as it falls into the deep gorge is awesome, and the mist that rises from below adds to the area’s beauty.
Last but not least are the Jiuzhaigou Waterfalls, lying in Sichuan’s Jiuzhaigou Valley. These include three main falls, namely the Pearl Shoal Waterfall, Nuorilang Waterfall and Shuzheng Waterfall, as well as some smaller waterfalls. Jiuzhaigou Valley is a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its beautiful waterfalls, colorful lakes, and snow-capped peaks.
One of the most famous sights in the valley is the Pearl Shoal Waterfall. The water pouring down over a wide rock shelf seems to resemble a white curtain. Meanwhile, the surrounding area is decorated with rich vegetation, making it a green paradise.
Every year, these wonders of nature attract hundreds of thousands of visitors from China and the world.
1．What is special about Detian Waterfall?
A．It is a yellow waterfall. B．It includes three main falls.
C．It is a transnational waterfall. D．It changes its width with the season.
2．Which is a UNESCO World Heritage site?
A．Detian Waterfall. B．Hukou Waterfall.
C．Jiuzhaigou Valley. D．Huangguoshu Waterfall.
3．What is the main purpose of the author in writing this text?
A．To call on people to protect nature.
B．To attract visitors to China’s waterfalls.
C．To describe the beauty of China’s waterfalls.
D．To show the importance of water conservation.
In the August sun, it’s unbearably hot in my car. I’m in Vancouver, approaching the Knight Street Bridge as I try to get home after work. It’s 5:15 p. m. Traffic is already slowing down and then it comes to a full stop. I’m stuck even before getting on the bridge.
This has become my normal work commute routine. Ahead of me is a heavily jammed on-ramp (驶进匝道). I stare at the endless rows of vehicles, and my heart sinks.
My initial reaction is always refusal. This is not how it looks. The traffic will soon start moving. Seconds pass. Minutes pass. Looking at the rows of cars and trucks glittering in the sun, I start counting — 299, 300, 301 — and I give up. Suddenly, I remember I’m one of the 300 helpless drivers, but I stay awake. When the cars do move, I move carefully, making sure not to bump into other vehicles. Finally, I make it onto the bridge. The traffic is still crawling at a snail’s pace. Tired and hungry, I become very anxious.
Just then, I hear a weak sound in the distance. The sound gradually becomes louder, until I can identify it as an emergency vehicle approaching from behind. What can we do? The bridge is packed, and there’s no room for us to move.
But I’m wrong. Every single car quickly, yet carefully, moves to the side. Without thinking, I follow suit. The lane remains open for a few seconds during which the ambulance flashes through. Afterward, every car moves back into formation. We close up the emergency lane, ready to continue our patient wait. Back in my spot, I’m feeling awesome. I forget my tiredness and hunger. My anxiety is gone. I start reflecting upon what 300 fellow drivers and I just did.
How did we do that? Regardless of our tiredness, we collectively decided to help the stranger who needed the time more desperately than we did. We drew on our sympathy and intelligence, requiring no instructions.
Although I may seem alone stuck on the bridge, I’m connected to all the other drivers. Together, we could make the impossible possible.
4．How does the author feel when seeing endless rows of vehicles on the on-ramp?
A．Angry.
B．Confident.
C．Discouraged.
D．Amazed.
5．What does the author think when an ambulance is approaching?
A．A policeman should direct the traffic.
B．All drivers will move their cars aside.
C．Everyone should help strangers in need.
D．It will be impossible for it to pass through.
6．What does the author think made the wonder happen?
A．People’s kindness.
B．Drivers’ positive attitudes.
C．Instructions from a stranger.
D．Drivers’ good driving skills.
7．What can be the best title for this passage?
A．Letting help through
B．Passing on kindness
C．Challenging the impossible
D．Staying calm in heavy traffic
Several years ago, I read about William Helmreich walking every street in New York City. I told my husband, “I can do that for Montreal.” With little hesitation, I devoted the next five years to the project.
I’m a walk-lover, but I did little preparation for this undertaking. All I did was to buy a map. It didn’t even show all of Montreal. So, when I say I walked every street in Montreal, I actually walked the full length of every street on my map.
From one end of my map to the other, all houses were well looked after. People made great efforts to decorate their homes, and with this came one of the greatest pleasures of my walks: the different measures they took to decorate their frontages.
I discovered that pigs are a popular decorative element throughout the city. The type that is dressed up as humans, I mean. I saw pigs wearing dresses, shirts and even swimming suits. They weren’t the only animals around either. One garden’s giant deer was particularly eye-catching.
Every outing has its wonders. Never assume a neighborhood has little of interest to offer. You must be trained to seek out strange things. Otherwise, you might never spot the clothes on the sidewalks. If I stopped to collect everything I saw lying around abandoned, I could equip a small country. Where did they come from? How did people lose their shoes while out walking? A puzzle.
There was enough fun on my walks that I’d have a few laughs and come home lighter-hearted than when I left.
As my project progressed, I felt like I owned the city. I could get off at any metro stop and my feet remembered the route to the best shops. They also conveniently recalled the place of the closest washrooms.
Anyone can get in on this walking game. I admit with some shame, I used to feel completely satisfied staying in my part of town, but after I joined in the game, I found walking its streets had truly opened my eyes to Montreal’s full menu. So just head to a neighborhood to nose around. I can assure you that you’ll feel like a pioneer with the discoveries you bring back.
8．What inspired the author to walk the streets of Montreal?
A．Doing some research.
B．Her husband’s advice.
C．Getting some exercise.
D．Someone’s walking experience.
9．What can be known about her discovery in Montreal?
A．Many houses are abandoned.
B．Clothes are deserted everywhere.
C．People enjoy decorating their houses.
D．Pigs are the only popular animals there.
10．The underlined part “get in on” in the last paragraph means .
A．take part in
B．make use of
C．benefit from
D．get addicted to
11．How did the author feel on her walks?
A．Curious and grateful.
B．Cheerful and satisfied.
C．Puzzled and frightened.
D．Confused and disappointed.
Technology usually draws us away from nature. “But now technology is offering us a chance to listen to non-humans in powerful ways, restarting our connection to the natural world,” wrote Professor Karen Bakker in her new book, The Sounds of Life: How Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants.
All around the animal kingdom, there are sounds that we struggle to pick up and interpret. Elephants, for example, communicate with each other using infrasound, a sound frequency far below our human hearing range. Corals (珊瑚虫) in the ocean also communicate with each other through sound waves, with one purpose being to attract baby corals to areas where they can successfully grow. This is a shocking fact as corals don’t have any ears! Scientists have placed listening devices (装置) in these environments to pick up sounds humans are normally unable to detect.
After the sounds are recorded, AI is then able to determine their meanings, according to the news website Vox. There are now whole databases of whale songs and honeybee dances. Bakker wrote that one day this information could be turned into “a zoological version of Google Translate”.
One animal language Bakker wrote about is that of the elephant. She explained how elephants “have a different signal for honeybees, which is a threat, and a different signal for humans” in an interview with Vox. “Moreover, they distinguish between threatening humans and non-threatening humans,” she said.
This technology can not only understand the animals, but also communicate back to them. For example, bees use dances to communicate to their fellows where to go in search of nectar (花蜜). A research team in Germany, therefore, plugged the bee language AI database system into a robot bee, allowing the robot to create a dance routine that can tell the bees which direction to move, Vox reported. In the past language creation was limited to mainly apes (类人猿), with there being many examples of chimpanzees having been taught sign language to communicate with humans, but this new technology now allows humans to socialize with different animals throughout the animal kingdom.
12．Why is Karen Bakker’s new book mentioned?
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To promote her new book.
C．To ask readers to get close to nature.
D．To show the convenience of technology.
13．What can be known about corals?
A．They have no ears and cannot pick up sound waves.
B．They talk through whistling sounds with baby corals.
C．They communicate through sound waves like elephants.
D．They use sound waves to help baby corals build their homes.
14．What was the robot bee used for?
A．Helping bees search for nectar.
B．Directing bees’ move through dance.
C．Learning about the sign language of bees.
D．Collecting more information about bee dances.
15．What can be inferred from the text?
A．Learning animals’ sign language becomes easier.
B．It’s possible for humans to talk to animals via AI.
C．We can communicate with animals in the usual way.
D．It’s quite necessary for humans to socialize with animals.
二、七选五
We all know about the health benefits of swimming. It offers a great exercise for the body — it builds patience, muscle strength and cardiovascular (心血管的) fitness. If you don’t mind getting wet, it can be fun too. ____16____ Well, many people are taking the jump, based on evidence that it can actually be good for us.
Cold-water swimming is sometimes called “wild swimming”, namely swimming in natural areas including ponds, rivers and the sea. Jumping in gives a short sharp shock to the body, but many participants say that they have got used to it. A cold dip might wake you up, but research has found that it can have much bigger benefits than that for your body and mind. ____17____
____18____ One man who suffered constant pain after surgery claimed that he was cured by taking a swim in cold open water. And another swimmer, Sandria Simons, told the BBC, “The immersion (浸没) of your body in cold, salt water, just feeling like you’re at one with nature if you like, just feels amazing.”
But what is it that people are gaining from this cold and uncomfortable experience? Doctors say that getting into cold water causes a stress response, but the more you do it, the less stress you will have. It’s also thought to have a strong anti-anger effect. ____19____ Some experts believe that cold-water swimming helps “cross-adaptation”, where one form of stress prepares the body for another. For example, it also helps to reduce the stress of exercising at high altitude.
____20____ You should approach it with caution, swim with a friend, and maybe start in the summer, when the water temperatures are higher.
A．It can also improve your health and happiness.
B．People of all ages join the activity, even little kids.
C．Cold-water swimmers should make full preparations.
D．So, if you’re convinced that this is for you, take advice.
E．But who would enjoy swimming in water that is ice cold?
F．But there are bigger benefits to this stress-reducing exercise.
G．Cold-water swimming has reportedly cured certain health conditions.
三、完形填空
Standing on the shore of a lake, I can’t help but feel surprised at the thousands of small rocks that surround my boots. They were all created from ____21____ surfaces, their edges softening over time. I wonder, “Can we learn from a pile of rocks?”
Even the tallest mountains have ____22____; none are as tall as they were 1,000 years ago. And much like a rock, I’ve found my ____23____ has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun.
____24____, I was also a sharp rock covered in pointy edges. Today, after decades of the waters of life coursing over me, my edges are softer and I’m more ____25____. I’m less likely to judge and more interested in learning how we can ____26____ together.
But I’m not a ____27____. I’m a human filled with all the drama built into my DNA．
Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant owner ask several young men to ____28____ for not wearing masks. Not ____29____ and not rude. On the door read a sign, “Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant. We don’t like it either, but let’s all do what we can to _____30_____ this together.”
The group of young men wanted to _____31_____ about the note. I sat at the restaurant watching, understanding both sides. I’ve been one of them before, using my youthful edges to chip away at (削弱) the world. What I lost, _____32_____, was the ability to grow from _____33_____ by looking through the eyes of others. In learning to be more _____34_____, I’ve also found more happiness and success.
You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to _____35_____ and make room for others, while the latter never give an _____36_____ to accommodate others.
_____37_____, like the waters rolling against once sharp stones, changes us by washing away our resistance to _____38_____ the world from someone else’s point of view.
I placed a _____39_____ stone into my jacket pocket. Mother Nature is holding a _____40_____ again.
21．A．fragile B．shiny C．smooth D．hard
22．A．piled up B．worn down C．risen up D．broken down
23．A．will B．voice C．attitude D．heart
24．A．Still B．Often C．Here D．Once
25．A．understanding B．confident C．patient D．competitive
26．A．contribute B．exist C．work D．develop
27．A．fool B．soul C．rock D．judge
28．A．explain B．leave C．apologize D．pay
29．A．contradictory B．confusing C．forceful D．discouraging
30．A．get through B．stick to C．deal with D．fight against
31．A．think B．care C．talk D．argue
32．A．even B．however C．anyway D．also
33．A．hardships B．struggle C．experiences D．failure
34．A．open B．cautious C．ambitious D．independent
35．A．ignore B．accept C．adjust D．change
36．A．excuse B．agreement C．entrance D．inch
37．A．Nature B．Tolerance C．Tide D．Time
38．A．reforming B．seeing C．exploring D．travelling
39．A．sharp B．rounded C．valuable D．rolling
40．A．class B．belief C．meeting D．discussion
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s first large home-made cruise ship (游轮), roughly the height of a 25-story building, is ____41____(schedule) to be delivered to its user around the end of this year. Construction of the ship, which has yet to be named, started in October, 2019.
“So far, we have completed 90 percent of the cruise ship’s construction. Engineers have begun to install inner ____42____(equip). We plan to move it out of the dry dock in June ____43____(continue) the fitting process,” said Chen Gang, chief designer of the large cruise ship. After the construction finishes, there will be at least two sea trials in the summer to test the ship, and also to check ____44____ the rooms and entertainment facilities (设施) are comfortable. There will be 16 stories of living, shopping and entertainment space, which will offer a variety of musical ____45____(performance), art shows and food options.
“Upon its completion, there will be about 25 million components on the ship, 5 times that of China’s home-designed C919 plane and 13 times that on the Fuxing- series bullet train. The ____46____(combine) length of the electric cables on the ship is more than 4, 200 kilometers,” Chen said, ____47____(note) that his shipyard has used a lot of advanced techniques and machinery to build the ship.
The project marks the first time China has built a large advanced cruise ship ____48____ its own. It is a new milestone for the country’s shipbuilding industry because it marks an end to the time ____49____ China couldn’t design and construct large cruise ships _____50_____(independent).
五、短文改错
51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起)）不计分。
Last Sunday I participated in the exciting outdoor activity with my friends. We go hiking in the mountains nearby, and it was a pleasant experience. We got up early than usual to pack our backpacks with water, food and other necessary thing. When we got there, we started with our hike. The path was challenging, but the scenery was amazed. As we hiked, we chatted, laughed, and encouraging each other. We also had breaks and took photos. When they finally completed the hike, we were tired out but happy. I was extreme delighted to spend time with my friends in nature and enjoy the fresh air and sunshine. It was an unforgettable walk indeed, I can’t wait to have another chance to hike with them.
六、告知信/通知
52．假定你校留学生中心将举办书画作品展，拟向留学生征集作品，请用英语写一则通知。内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．作品内容；
3．参赛要求；
4．截稿日期。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．通知的格式已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：书法 calligraphy
Notice
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
International Student Centre
May 10
参考答案：
1．C 2．C 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了中国最美丽的四大瀑布：黄果树瀑布、德天瀑布、壶口瀑布和九寨沟瀑布。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Second on the list is Detian Waterfall, lying on the border between China and Vietnam. Separated into three falls by rocks and trees, it ranks as the largest transnational (跨国的) waterfall in Asia.”（排名第二的是德天瀑布，位于中越边境。它被岩石和树木分成三个瀑布，是亚洲最大的跨国瀑布。）可知，德天瀑布的特别之处在于它是一个位于边境的跨国瀑布。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Jiuzhaigou Valley is a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its beautiful waterfalls, colorful lakes, and snow-capped peaks.”（九寨沟被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产，以其美丽的瀑布、多彩的湖泊和白雪皑皑的山峰而闻名。）可知，九寨沟是联合国教科文组织世界遗产。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Here we will introduce you to China’s four most beautiful waterfalls that have been compared to heaven on earth.”（在这里，我们将向你介绍中国最美丽的四大瀑布，它们被比作人间天堂。），以及文章具体介绍了中国的四大瀑布可推知，作者的写作的目的是为了吸引游客来参观中国的这些美丽的瀑布。故选B项。
4．C 5．D 6．A 7．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者下班途中堵塞严重，因为又累又饿，所以心情沮丧。但是在一辆救护车驶来的时候，严重堵塞的车流自觉有序地让出一条通道。作者由此感悟是大家的善意、人与人之间的联系令不可能的事情变为可能。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ahead of me is a heavily jammed on-ramp (驶进匝道). I stare at the endless rows of vehicles, and my heart sinks.”（我前面是一个严重堵塞的驶进匝道。我凝视着无尽的车辆，心一沉。）可知，作者看到驶进匝道的时候心情沉重，是沮丧的，C项“Discouraged”（心灰意冷的）符合题意。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The sound gradually becomes louder, until I can identify it as an emergency vehicle approaching from behind. What can we do? The bridge is packed, and there’s no room for us to move.”（声音越来越大，直到我认出那是一辆从后面驶来的急救车。我们能做什么？桥上拥堵了，没有地方让我们移动。）可知，因为桥上拥堵，作者认为车辆无法移动为救护车让出空间。由此推知，作者认为救护车很难通过。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Regardless of our tiredness, we collectively decided to help the stranger who needed the time more desperately than we did. We drew on our sympathy and intelligence, requiring no instructions.”（尽管我们很累，但我们共同决定帮助那个比我们更需要时间的陌生人。我们利用了我们的同情心和智慧，不需要任何指示。）可知，作者认为因为大家有同情心和智慧，所以帮助了救护车上的陌生人，是人们的善意令这个奇迹发生。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者下班途中堵塞严重，因为又累又饿，所以心情沮丧。但是在一辆救护车驶来的时候，严重堵塞的车流自觉有序地让出一条通道，让救护车成功通过。故事发生在拥堵的车流中，大家让救护车通过，A项“让救助通过”既概括了文章大意，又描述了车流让救护车通过这一核心事件，简洁有力，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者漫步蒙特利尔城市街道的经历，她在散步的过程中发现很多乐趣，感到非常愉悦。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Several years ago, I read about William Helmreich walking every street in New York City. I told my husband, “I can do that for Montreal.”（ 几年前，我读到William Helmreich走遍纽约每条街道的故事。我告诉我丈夫：“为了蒙特利尔，我可以这么做。”）”可知，William Helmreich走遍纽约街道的经历启发了作者走遍蒙特利尔的街道。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“People made great efforts to decorate their homes, and with this came one of the greatest pleasures of my walks: the different measures they took to decorate their frontages.（人们花了很大的力气来装饰他们的家，这给我带来了散步时最大的乐趣之一：他们用不同的方法来装饰他们的房子。）”可知，作者漫步蒙特利尔街道的时候发现人们用心地装饰他们的房子。故选C项。
10．词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句后面“I admit with some shame, I used to feel completely satisfied staying in my part of town, but after I joined in the game, I found walking its streets had truly opened my eyes to Montreal’s full menu.（我很惭愧地承认，我曾经对自己住的地方感到非常满意，但在我参与这个游戏后，我发现走在街上真的让我大开眼界，看到了蒙特利尔的全套菜单。）”可知，作者自己参与走遍城市街道的游戏后受益匪浅，所以认为任何人都可以参与这样的游戏。由此推知，get in on意为“参与”，和take part in意思相近。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Every outing has its wonders.（每一次远足都有它的奇迹。）”和第六段中“There was enough fun on my walks that I’d have a few laughs and come home lighter-hearted than when I left.（散步有足够的乐趣，我会收获很多大笑，回家时比我离开时更轻松。）”可知，作者在漫步蒙特利尔街道的过程中发现了很多有意思的事物，收获了很多乐趣，回家时非常轻松。由此推知，作者在漫步时感到快乐和满意。故选B项。
12．A 13．C 14．B 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍科技为人类提供新的倾听自然界其他生物的机会，使人类与其他生物的社交成为可能。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Technology usually draws us away from nature. “But now technology is offering us a chance to listen to non-humans in powerful ways, restarting our connection to the natural world,” wrote Professor Karen Bakker in her new book.(科技通常会让我们远离自然。Karen Bakker教授在她的新书中写道：“但现在，科技为我们提供了一个以强大的方式倾听非人类声音的机会，重新开启了我们与自然世界的联系)”可知，文章开头提到Karen Bakker的新书是为了用她新书中的内容，说明科技提供了倾听自然中其他生物声音的机会，由此可以引出话题，展开下文。故选A项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Elephants, for example, communicate with each other using infrasound, a sound frequency far below our human hearing range. Corals (珊瑚虫) in the ocean also communicate with each other through sound waves(例如，大象通过次声交流，这种声音的频率远低于人类的听觉范围。海洋中的珊瑚虫也通过声波相互交流)”可知，珊瑚虫和大象一样通过声波交流。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“A research team in Germany, therefore, plugged the bee language AI database system into a robot bee, allowing the robot to create a dance routine that can tell the bees which direction to move(因此，德国的一个研究小组将蜜蜂语言人工智能数据库系统插入机器人蜜蜂中，使机器人能够创建一个舞蹈程序，告诉蜜蜂该朝哪个方向移动)”可知，机器人蜜蜂的作用是通过舞蹈引导蜜蜂的移动。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In the past language creation was limited to mainly apes (类人猿), with there being many examples of chimpanzees having been taught sign language to communicate with humans, but this new technology now allows humans to socialize with different animals throughout the animal kingdom.(在过去，语言的创造主要局限于类人猿，有很多黑猩猩被教授手语与人类交流的例子，但这项新技术现在允许人类与动物王国的不同动物进行社交)”可推知，新技术让人可以突破以往的局限，人类和其他动物通过人工智能交流是可能的。故选B项。
16．E 17．A 18．G 19．F 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章具体介绍了冷水游泳对人的身心的好处，并给出了如何开始冷水游泳的建议。
16．根据后文“Well, many people are taking the jump, based on evidence that it can actually be good for us.”（好吧，很多人都在尝试，因为有证据表明它实际上对我们有好处。）和下一段中“Cold-water swimming is sometimes called “wild swimming”, namely swimming in natural areas including ponds, rivers and the sea.”（冷水游泳有时被称为“野外游泳”，即在池塘、河流和海洋等自然区域游泳。）可知，文章接下来的话题是冷水游泳，后一句在说明它有好处，空处应该提到冷水游泳这一关键词。E项“但是谁会喜欢在冰冷的水里游泳呢？”符合语境，后一句是对这一问题的回答。故选E。
17．根据前文“A cold dip might wake you up, but research has found that it can have much bigger benefits than that for your body and mind.”（冷水游泳可能会让你清醒，但研究发现，它对你的身心有更大的好处。）可知，前文说明冷水游泳对身心有好处，空处应该会承接前文，延伸说明具体的好处。A项“它还可以改善你的健康和快乐。”符合语境。故选A。
18．空处位于段首，需统领本段内容。根据后文“One man who suffered constant pain after surgery claimed that he was cured by taking a swim in cold open water. And another swimmer, Sandria Simons, told the BBC, “The immersion (浸没) of your body in cold, salt water, just feeling like you’re at one with nature if you like, just feels amazing.””（一名手术后遭受持续疼痛的男子声称，他在冰冷的开放水域游泳后痊愈了。另一名游泳运动员Sandria Simons告诉BBC：“把你的身体浸入冰冷的海水中，感觉就像你与大自然融为一体，如果你喜欢的话，这种感觉太棒了。”）可知，本段用具体的事例说明冷水游泳队健康的好处，空处会概括这一内容。G项“据报道，冷水游泳可以治愈某些健康问题。”符合语境，可统领后文两个人的事例。故选G。
19．根据前文“Doctors say that getting into cold water causes a stress response, but the more you do it, the less stress you will have. It’s also thought to have a strong anti-anger effect.”（医生说，泡冷水会引起压力反应，但泡得越多，压力就越小。它也被认为有很强的抗愤怒作用。）和后文“Some experts believe that cold-water swimming helps “cross-adaptation”, where one form of stress prepares the body for another.”（一些专家认为，冷水游泳有助于“交叉适应”，即一种形式的压力为身体为另一种压力做准备。）可知，本段从科学角度解释冷水游泳对人体的好处，前文围绕缓解压力，后文围绕交叉适应，空处需起到过渡的作用，从一种好处延伸到更大的好处。F项“但这种减压运动还有更大的好处。”符合语境，其中的“stress-reducing”与前文的“the less stress”呼应。故选F。
20．空处位于段首，需统领本段内容。根据后文“You should approach it with caution, swim with a friend, and maybe start in the summer, when the water temperatures are higher.”（你应该小心地靠近它，和朋友一起游泳，也许在夏天开始，那时水温更高。）可知，本段在提供如何开始冷水游泳的建议，空处应该从前文的好处转移到建议。D项“所以，如果你确信这适合你，接受建议。”符合语境。故选D。
21．D 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．C 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．D 32．B 33．C 34．A 35．C 36．D 37．D 38．B 39．B 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在湖边观石的时候，联想到自己之前的经历，感悟人恰如岩石，被时间磨平棱角，在时间中变得更为开阔宽广。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们都是由坚硬的地表创造的，它们的边缘随着时间的推移而失去棱角。A. fragile脆弱的；B. shiny光滑发亮的；C. smooth光滑的；D. hard坚硬的。根据下文“their edges softening over time”可知，石头的边缘随时间而失去棱角，所以这里说它们本身是坚硬的地表创造的。故选D。
22．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：即使是最高的山也已磨损；没有一个像一千年前那么高。A. piled up积累；B. worn down磨损；C. risen up上升；D. broken down分解。根据下文“none are as tall as they were 1,000 years ago”可知，高山的高度因为时间而降低，所以这里说它们被磨损了。故选B。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像一块岩石一样，我发现我的态度变得柔和了，我想更好地理解他人的愿望也随着每一次环绕太阳的旅行而扩大了。A. will意志；B. voice声音；C. attitude态度；D. heart内心。根据下文“my desire to better understand others has expanded”可知，作者理解他人的愿望扩大了，所以是对世界的态度变得柔和了。故选C。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：曾经，我也是一块尖尖的岩石。A. Still仍然；B. Often经常；C. Here这里；D. Once曾经。根据上文“my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun”和空后“I was also a sharp rock covered in pointy edges”可知，现在作者发生了变化，而从前他的边缘也很锋利。故选D。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今天，经过几十年的生命之水在我身上流淌，我的棱角变得更加柔和，也更加善解人意。A. understanding善解人意的；B. confident自信的；C. patient耐心的；D. competitive好竞争的。根据上文“my desire to better understand others”可知，作者变得更善解人意。故选A。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不太可能评判别人，我更有兴趣了解我们如何共存。A. contribute做贡献；B. exist存在；C. work工作；D. develop发展。根据上文作者说自己的棱角渐渐磨平，变得善解人意，可推知作者感兴趣的是人如何共存。故选B。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我不是岩石。A. fool傻瓜；B. soul灵魂；C. rock岩石；D. judge裁判。上文作者是在用岩石作比喻，说明时间会让人逐渐磨平棱角，这里作者在强调自己作为人的戏剧的一面，表示和岩石的不同。故选C。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：两年前，在太平洋西北地区旅行时，我看到一个餐馆老板要求几个年轻人离开，因为他们没有戴口罩。A. explain解释；B. leave离开；C. apologize道歉；D. pay支付。根据下文“Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant.”可知，进餐馆需要戴口罩，这几个年轻人没有戴口罩，所以会被要求离开。故选B。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不强势也不粗鲁。A. contradictory矛盾的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. forceful强势的；D. discouraging使人沮丧的。根据空后“and not rude”可知，餐馆的老板态度并不粗鲁，所以forceful“强势的”符合语境，和rude并列。故选C。
30．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们也不喜欢这样，但让我们尽我们所能一起度过难关。A. get through度过；B. stick to坚持；C. deal with处理；D. fight against抗争。根据上文“Please wear a mask”可知，故事发生在疫情期间，所以是需要大家尽所能一起度过难关。故选A。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那群年轻人想为那张纸条争论一番。A. think思考；B. care关心；C. talk谈论；D. argue争论。根据上文这几个年轻人因为没有带口罩被要求离开餐馆可推知，他们会对餐馆纸条上的要求争论一番。故选D。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我失去的是透过他人的眼睛从经历中成长的能力。A. even甚至；B. however然而；C. anyway无论如何；D. also也。根据上文“I’ve been one of them before, using my youthful edges to chip away at (削弱) the world.”（我以前也是他们中的一员，用我年轻时的优势来削弱这个世界）可知，曾经作者很有锋芒，现在却失去了一些能力，此处语义有转折，需用however“然而”。故选B。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我失去的是透过他人的眼睛从经历中成长的能力。A. hardships困难；B. struggle奋斗；C. experiences经历；D. failure失败。根据此处“grow from ____13____ by looking through the eyes of others”可知，作者在说透过他人的眼睛从某种事物中成长，结合观察岩石、在餐馆的事情可知，experiences“经历”更符合语境，文中没有体现其他选项的含义。故选C。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在学习更开放的过程中，我也找到了更多的快乐和成功。A. open开放的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. ambitious有抱负的；D. independent独立的。根据上文“by looking through the eyes of others”可知，从他人的眼睛去看待事情是换位思考，是变得更加开放包容。故选A。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：前者总想办法调整自己，为别人腾出空间，而后者从不让步迁就别人。A. ignore忽视；B. accept接受；C. adjust调整；D. change改变。根据下文“make room for others”可知，圆的石头会给其他石头腾空间，所以是调整自己。故选C。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：前者总想办法调整自己，为别人腾出空间，而后者从不让步迁就别人。A. excuse借口；B. agreement同意；C. entrance入口；D. inch少许。根据上文“while”可知，这里强调锋利的石头和圆的石头不同，它们不会调整自己，不会让步。not give an inch是固定短语，意为“寸步不让”。故选D。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：时间，就像水流冲刷着曾经锋利的石头，冲走了我们对从别人的角度看世界的抗拒，从而改变了我们。A. Nature自然；B. Tolerance容忍；C. Tide潮汐；D. Time时间。根据上文“their edges softening over time”可知，是时间磨掉人的棱角，带走了人对换位思考的抗拒。故选D。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：时间，就像水流冲刷着曾经锋利的石头，冲走了我们对从别人的角度看世界的抗拒，从而改变了我们。A. reforming改革；B. seeing看；C. exploring探索；D. travelling旅行。根据上文“by looking through the eyes of others”可知，是从他人的角度看待世界。故选B。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我把一块圆石头放进夹克口袋里。A. sharp锋利的；B. rounded圆形的；C. valuable值钱的；D. rolling起伏的。根据上文“their edges softening over time”可知，作者把圆石头放进口袋，提醒自己要收敛锋芒，做善解人意、可以换位思考的人。故选B。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大自然母亲又在上课了。A. class课；B. belief信念；C. meeting会议；D. discussion讨论。根据上文“I wonder, “Can we learn from a pile of rocks?””可知，作者从自然中学到了重要的一课，所以这里说大自然在上课。故选A。
41．scheduled 42．equipment 43．to continue 44．whether/if 45．performances 46．combined 47．noting 48．on 49．when 50．independently
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国第一艘大型国产游轮即将建造成功，预计年底交付用给用户，这标志着我国不能独立设计和建造大型游轮的时代的结束。
41．考查语态。句意：中国第一艘大型国产游轮，大约有25层楼高，计划在今年年底交付给用户。分析句子可知，schedule和cruise ship之间是被动关系，空处需用被动语态，空前已有be动词is，空处用schedule的过去分词scheduled。be scheduled to do sth.是固定短语，意为“计划做……，预定做……”。故填scheduled。
42．考查名词。句意：工程师们已经开始安装内部设备。分析句子可知，空处被inner修饰，作install的宾语，应用equip的名词形式equipment，意为“设备”，是不可数名词。故填equipment。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们计划在6月份将它移出干船坞，继续舾装过程。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处应用非谓语动词，作目的状语，需用continue的不定式形式to continue。故填to continue。
44．考查宾语从句。句意：建造完成后，将在夏季进行至少两次海试，以测试船舶，并检查房间和娱乐设施是否舒适。分析句子可知，空处需引导名词性从句作check的宾语，且空处表达“是否”的意思，应用连接词whether或if。故填whether/if。
45．考查名词复数。句意：游轮有16层的生活、购物和娱乐空间，将提供各种音乐表演、艺术表演和食物选择。分析句子可知，空处被musical限定，空前有a variety of，表示“各种音乐表演”，可数名词performance需用复数形式performances。故填performances。
46．考查形容词。句意：船上电缆的总长度超过4200公里。分析句子可知，空处是修饰length的定语，应用combine的形容词形式combined，意为“总和的，总计的”。故填combined。
47．考查非谓语动词。句意：陈刚说……指出他的造船厂使用了许多先进的技术和机械来建造这艘船。分析句子可知，空处作状语，需用非谓语动词，且Chen和note之间是主动关系，应用note的现在分词形式noting。故填noting。
48．考查介词。句意：该项目标志着中国首次自行建造一艘大型先进游轮。根据空后“its own”可知，此处用固定短语on one’s own作状语，意为“独自地，独立地”，空处应用介词on。故填on。
49．考查定语从句。句意：这是中国造船业的一个新的里程碑，因为它标志着中国不能独立设计和建造大型游轮的时代的结束。分析句子可知，空处需引导定语从句修饰先行词time，此处time意为“一段时间”，且从句中成分完整，应用关系副词when。故填when。
50．考查副词。句意：这是中国造船业的一个新的里程碑，因为它标志着中国不能独立设计和建造大型游轮的时代的结束。分析句子可知，空处修饰谓语动词design和construct，应用independent的副词形式independently，意为“独立地”。故填independently。
51．1. exciting前面的the→an
2. go→went
3. early→earlier
4. thing→things
5. 删除started后面的with
6. amazed→amazing
7. encouraging→encouraged
8. they→we
9. extreme→extremely
10. 在I can’t前面增加and或so
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者叙述了上周日和朋友参加的令人兴奋的户外活动。
【详解】1. 考查冠词。句意：上周日我和我的朋友参加了一个令人兴奋的户外活动。此处表示泛指，意为“一个”，应用不定冠词，且exciting以元音音素开头，应用an。故将exciting前面的the改为an。
2. 考查时态。句意：我们去附近的山上远足，那是一次愉快的经历。此处在叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，和后面的was保持一致，应用went。故将go改为went。
3. 考查副词比较级。句意：我们比平时起得早，把水、食物和其他必要的东西装在背包里。根据than可知，此处需用副词比较级，表示“比平常早”，应用earlier。故将early改为earlier。
4. 考查名词复数。句意：我们比平时起得早，把水、食物和其他必要的东西装在背包里。thing是可数名词，前面有other，表示“其他的必要的东西”，是复数概念，应用things。故将thing改为things。
5. 考查动词。句意：当我们到达那里，我们开始了我们的徒步旅行。此处start是及物动词，意为“使开始发生”，不需要介词with。故删除started后面的with。
6. 考查形容词。句意：这条路很有挑战性，但风景令人惊叹。此处作表语，表示“风景令人惊叹”，形容风景的特征，应用amazing，意为“令人惊叹的”。故将amazed改为amazing。
7. 考查时态。句意：一路上，我们谈笑风生，互相鼓励。此处encourage和前面的chatted、laughed并列作谓语动词，时态是一般过去时，应用encouraged。故将encouraging改为encouraged。
8. 考查代词。句意：当我们终于完成徒步旅行时，我们很累，但很高兴。此处表达“我们”而非“他们”，应用人称代词we。故将they改为we。
9. 考查副词。句意：我非常高兴和我的朋友在大自然中享受新鲜的空气和阳光。此处作状语，修饰形容词delighted，应用副词extremely，意为“极其，非常”。故将extreme改为extremely。
10. 考查连词。句意：这确实是一次难忘的徒步旅行，所以我迫不及待地想再和他们一起徒步旅行。根据句子前后两部分的语义可知，此处需用表示结果的连词连接，应用and表示“那么，因此”，或so表示“因此，所以”。故在I can’t前面增加and或so。
52．One possible version:
Notice
To promote students’ art appreciation, we’re going to hold a painting and calligraphy exhibition. It’s open for international students and it’s also a good chance to show your talents.
Entries can be in the form of calligraphy or painting about your love for your country, your home, your school or nature. You can also express your gratitude to your family or teachers. Whatever they are about, they must hold a positive attitude to encourage people to be kind.
You’re required to hand in your works to International Student Centre before May 30. Excellent works will be selected for display at our art gallery. You’re warmly welcome to contribute to the exhibition.
International Student Centre
May 10
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求考生写一则向留学生征集书画作品的通知，需告知活动目的、作品内容、参赛要求和截稿日期。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
展示：show→showcase, display, exhibit, present
表达：express→convey, disclose, reveal
感恩：gratitude→gratefulness, thankfulness, thanks
鼓励：encourage→motivate, stir, stimulate
需要：be required to→have to, be obliged to, ought to
极好的：excellent→superb, outstanding, exceptional, wonderful
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It’s open for international students and it’s also a good chance to show your talents.
拓展句：It’s open for international students, which is also a good chance to show your talents.
【点睛】【高分句型1】To promote students’ art appreciation, we’re going to hold a painting and calligraphy exhibition.（运用了不定式短语作目的状语）
【高分句型2】Whatever they are about, they must hold a positive attitude to encourage people to be kind.（运用了whatever引导的让步状语从句）
2023届河南省郑州市高三下学期三模英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Have you ever been to China’s waterfalls? In China, there are a large number of amazing waterfalls, which not only provide a very impressive sight but also play a vital role in the natural ecosystem. Here we will introduce you to China’s four most beautiful waterfalls that have been compared to heaven on earth.
First on the list is Huangguoshu Waterfall, Anshun City, southwest China’s Guizhou Province. It is one of Asia’s largest waterfalls, measuring 77. 8 meters in height and 101 meters in width. The thunderous sound of the water as it drops into the natural pool below serves as a real feast for your eyes and ears.
Second on the list is Detian Waterfall, lying on the border between China and Vietnam. Separated into three falls by rocks and trees, it ranks as the largest transnational (跨国的) waterfall in Asia. Its natural beauty, coupled with the surrounding karst landscape, is like a scene from a fairy tale.
Hukou Waterfall is lying in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, which sits at the intersection of two easily confused provinces — Shanxi and Shaanxi. It is the largest yellow waterfall in the world. Its width changes with the season. However, on average, it measures 30 meters in width by 20 meters in height. The roaring sound of the water as it falls into the deep gorge is awesome, and the mist that rises from below adds to the area’s beauty.
Last but not least are the Jiuzhaigou Waterfalls, lying in Sichuan’s Jiuzhaigou Valley. These include three main falls, namely the Pearl Shoal Waterfall, Nuorilang Waterfall and Shuzheng Waterfall, as well as some smaller waterfalls. Jiuzhaigou Valley is a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its beautiful waterfalls, colorful lakes, and snow-capped peaks.
One of the most famous sights in the valley is the Pearl Shoal Waterfall. The water pouring down over a wide rock shelf seems to resemble a white curtain. Meanwhile, the surrounding area is decorated with rich vegetation, making it a green paradise.
Every year, these wonders of nature attract hundreds of thousands of visitors from China and the world.
1．What is special about Detian Waterfall?
A．It is a yellow waterfall. B．It includes three main falls.
C．It is a transnational waterfall. D．It changes its width with the season.
2．Which is a UNESCO World Heritage site?
A．Detian Waterfall. B．Hukou Waterfall.
C．Jiuzhaigou Valley. D．Huangguoshu Waterfall.
3．What is the main purpose of the author in writing this text?
A．To call on people to protect nature.
B．To attract visitors to China’s waterfalls.
C．To describe the beauty of China’s waterfalls.
D．To show the importance of water conservation.
In the August sun, it’s unbearably hot in my car. I’m in Vancouver, approaching the Knight Street Bridge as I try to get home after work. It’s 5:15 p. m. Traffic is already slowing down and then it comes to a full stop. I’m stuck even before getting on the bridge.
This has become my normal work commute routine. Ahead of me is a heavily jammed on-ramp (驶进匝道). I stare at the endless rows of vehicles, and my heart sinks.
My initial reaction is always refusal. This is not how it looks. The traffic will soon start moving. Seconds pass. Minutes pass. Looking at the rows of cars and trucks glittering in the sun, I start counting — 299, 300, 301 — and I give up. Suddenly, I remember I’m one of the 300 helpless drivers, but I stay awake. When the cars do move, I move carefully, making sure not to bump into other vehicles. Finally, I make it onto the bridge. The traffic is still crawling at a snail’s pace. Tired and hungry, I become very anxious.
Just then, I hear a weak sound in the distance. The sound gradually becomes louder, until I can identify it as an emergency vehicle approaching from behind. What can we do? The bridge is packed, and there’s no room for us to move.
But I’m wrong. Every single car quickly, yet carefully, moves to the side. Without thinking, I follow suit. The lane remains open for a few seconds during which the ambulance flashes through. Afterward, every car moves back into formation. We close up the emergency lane, ready to continue our patient wait. Back in my spot, I’m feeling awesome. I forget my tiredness and hunger. My anxiety is gone. I start reflecting upon what 300 fellow drivers and I just did.
How did we do that? Regardless of our tiredness, we collectively decided to help the stranger who needed the time more desperately than we did. We drew on our sympathy and intelligence, requiring no instructions.
Although I may seem alone stuck on the bridge, I’m connected to all the other drivers. Together, we could make the impossible possible.
4．How does the author feel when seeing endless rows of vehicles on the on-ramp?
A．Angry.
B．Confident.
C．Discouraged.
D．Amazed.
5．What does the author think when an ambulance is approaching?
A．A policeman should direct the traffic.
B．All drivers will move their cars aside.
C．Everyone should help strangers in need.
D．It will be impossible for it to pass through.
6．What does the author think made the wonder happen?
A．People’s kindness.
B．Drivers’ positive attitudes.
C．Instructions from a stranger.
D．Drivers’ good driving skills.
7．What can be the best title for this passage?
A．Letting help through
B．Passing on kindness
C．Challenging the impossible
D．Staying calm in heavy traffic
Several years ago, I read about William Helmreich walking every street in New York City. I told my husband, “I can do that for Montreal.” With little hesitation, I devoted the next five years to the project.
I’m a walk-lover, but I did little preparation for this undertaking. All I did was to buy a map. It didn’t even show all of Montreal. So, when I say I walked every street in Montreal, I actually walked the full length of every street on my map.
From one end of my map to the other, all houses were well looked after. People made great efforts to decorate their homes, and with this came one of the greatest pleasures of my walks: the different measures they took to decorate their frontages.
I discovered that pigs are a popular decorative element throughout the city. The type that is dressed up as humans, I mean. I saw pigs wearing dresses, shirts and even swimming suits. They weren’t the only animals around either. One garden’s giant deer was particularly eye-catching.
Every outing has its wonders. Never assume a neighborhood has little of interest to offer. You must be trained to seek out strange things. Otherwise, you might never spot the clothes on the sidewalks. If I stopped to collect everything I saw lying around abandoned, I could equip a small country. Where did they come from? How did people lose their shoes while out walking? A puzzle.
There was enough fun on my walks that I’d have a few laughs and come home lighter-hearted than when I left.
As my project progressed, I felt like I owned the city. I could get off at any metro stop and my feet remembered the route to the best shops. They also conveniently recalled the place of the closest washrooms.
Anyone can get in on this walking game. I admit with some shame, I used to feel completely satisfied staying in my part of town, but after I joined in the game, I found walking its streets had truly opened my eyes to Montreal’s full menu. So just head to a neighborhood to nose around. I can assure you that you’ll feel like a pioneer with the discoveries you bring back.
8．What inspired the author to walk the streets of Montreal?
A．Doing some research.
B．Her husband’s advice.
C．Getting some exercise.
D．Someone’s walking experience.
9．What can be known about her discovery in Montreal?
A．Many houses are abandoned.
B．Clothes are deserted everywhere.
C．People enjoy decorating their houses.
D．Pigs are the only popular animals there.
10．The underlined part “get in on” in the last paragraph means .
A．take part in
B．make use of
C．benefit from
D．get addicted to
11．How did the author feel on her walks?
A．Curious and grateful.
B．Cheerful and satisfied.
C．Puzzled and frightened.
D．Confused and disappointed.
Technology usually draws us away from nature. “But now technology is offering us a chance to listen to non-humans in powerful ways, restarting our connection to the natural world,” wrote Professor Karen Bakker in her new book, The Sounds of Life: How Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants.
All around the animal kingdom, there are sounds that we struggle to pick up and interpret. Elephants, for example, communicate with each other using infrasound, a sound frequency far below our human hearing range. Corals (珊瑚虫) in the ocean also communicate with each other through sound waves, with one purpose being to attract baby corals to areas where they can successfully grow. This is a shocking fact as corals don’t have any ears! Scientists have placed listening devices (装置) in these environments to pick up sounds humans are normally unable to detect.
After the sounds are recorded, AI is then able to determine their meanings, according to the news website Vox. There are now whole databases of whale songs and honeybee dances. Bakker wrote that one day this information could be turned into “a zoological version of Google Translate”.
One animal language Bakker wrote about is that of the elephant. She explained how elephants “have a different signal for honeybees, which is a threat, and a different signal for humans” in an interview with Vox. “Moreover, they distinguish between threatening humans and non-threatening humans,” she said.
This technology can not only understand the animals, but also communicate back to them. For example, bees use dances to communicate to their fellows where to go in search of nectar (花蜜). A research team in Germany, therefore, plugged the bee language AI database system into a robot bee, allowing the robot to create a dance routine that can tell the bees which direction to move, Vox reported. In the past language creation was limited to mainly apes (类人猿), with there being many examples of chimpanzees having been taught sign language to communicate with humans, but this new technology now allows humans to socialize with different animals throughout the animal kingdom.
12．Why is Karen Bakker’s new book mentioned?
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To promote her new book.
C．To ask readers to get close to nature.
D．To show the convenience of technology.
13．What can be known about corals?
A．They have no ears and cannot pick up sound waves.
B．They talk through whistling sounds with baby corals.
C．They communicate through sound waves like elephants.
D．They use sound waves to help baby corals build their homes.
14．What was the robot bee used for?
A．Helping bees search for nectar.
B．Directing bees’ move through dance.
C．Learning about the sign language of bees.
D．Collecting more information about bee dances.
15．What can be inferred from the text?
A．Learning animals’ sign language becomes easier.
B．It’s possible for humans to talk to animals via AI.
C．We can communicate with animals in the usual way.
D．It’s quite necessary for humans to socialize with animals.
二、七选五
We all know about the health benefits of swimming. It offers a great exercise for the body — it builds patience, muscle strength and cardiovascular (心血管的) fitness. If you don’t mind getting wet, it can be fun too. ____16____ Well, many people are taking the jump, based on evidence that it can actually be good for us.
Cold-water swimming is sometimes called “wild swimming”, namely swimming in natural areas including ponds, rivers and the sea. Jumping in gives a short sharp shock to the body, but many participants say that they have got used to it. A cold dip might wake you up, but research has found that it can have much bigger benefits than that for your body and mind. ____17____
____18____ One man who suffered constant pain after surgery claimed that he was cured by taking a swim in cold open water. And another swimmer, Sandria Simons, told the BBC, “The immersion (浸没) of your body in cold, salt water, just feeling like you’re at one with nature if you like, just feels amazing.”
But what is it that people are gaining from this cold and uncomfortable experience? Doctors say that getting into cold water causes a stress response, but the more you do it, the less stress you will have. It’s also thought to have a strong anti-anger effect. ____19____ Some experts believe that cold-water swimming helps “cross-adaptation”, where one form of stress prepares the body for another. For example, it also helps to reduce the stress of exercising at high altitude.
____20____ You should approach it with caution, swim with a friend, and maybe start in the summer, when the water temperatures are higher.
A．It can also improve your health and happiness.
B．People of all ages join the activity, even little kids.
C．Cold-water swimmers should make full preparations.
D．So, if you’re convinced that this is for you, take advice.
E．But who would enjoy swimming in water that is ice cold?
F．But there are bigger benefits to this stress-reducing exercise.
G．Cold-water swimming has reportedly cured certain health conditions.
三、完形填空
Standing on the shore of a lake, I can’t help but feel surprised at the thousands of small rocks that surround my boots. They were all created from ____21____ surfaces, their edges softening over time. I wonder, “Can we learn from a pile of rocks?”
Even the tallest mountains have ____22____; none are as tall as they were 1,000 years ago. And much like a rock, I’ve found my ____23____ has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun.
____24____, I was also a sharp rock covered in pointy edges. Today, after decades of the waters of life coursing over me, my edges are softer and I’m more ____25____. I’m less likely to judge and more interested in learning how we can ____26____ together.
But I’m not a ____27____. I’m a human filled with all the drama built into my DNA．
Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant owner ask several young men to ____28____ for not wearing masks. Not ____29____ and not rude. On the door read a sign, “Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant. We don’t like it either, but let’s all do what we can to _____30_____ this together.”
The group of young men wanted to _____31_____ about the note. I sat at the restaurant watching, understanding both sides. I’ve been one of them before, using my youthful edges to chip away at (削弱) the world. What I lost, _____32_____, was the ability to grow from _____33_____ by looking through the eyes of others. In learning to be more _____34_____, I’ve also found more happiness and success.
You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to _____35_____ and make room for others, while the latter never give an _____36_____ to accommodate others.
_____37_____, like the waters rolling against once sharp stones, changes us by washing away our resistance to _____38_____ the world from someone else’s point of view.
I placed a _____39_____ stone into my jacket pocket. Mother Nature is holding a _____40_____ again.
21．A．fragile B．shiny C．smooth D．hard
22．A．piled up B．worn down C．risen up D．broken down
23．A．will B．voice C．attitude D．heart
24．A．Still B．Often C．Here D．Once
25．A．understanding B．confident C．patient D．competitive
26．A．contribute B．exist C．work D．develop
27．A．fool B．soul C．rock D．judge
28．A．explain B．leave C．apologize D．pay
29．A．contradictory B．confusing C．forceful D．discouraging
30．A．get through B．stick to C．deal with D．fight against
31．A．think B．care C．talk D．argue
32．A．even B．however C．anyway D．also
33．A．hardships B．struggle C．experiences D．failure
34．A．open B．cautious C．ambitious D．independent
35．A．ignore B．accept C．adjust D．change
36．A．excuse B．agreement C．entrance D．inch
37．A．Nature B．Tolerance C．Tide D．Time
38．A．reforming B．seeing C．exploring D．travelling
39．A．sharp B．rounded C．valuable D．rolling
40．A．class B．belief C．meeting D．discussion
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s first large home-made cruise ship (游轮), roughly the height of a 25-story building, is ____41____(schedule) to be delivered to its user around the end of this year. Construction of the ship, which has yet to be named, started in October, 2019.
“So far, we have completed 90 percent of the cruise ship’s construction. Engineers have begun to install inner ____42____(equip). We plan to move it out of the dry dock in June ____43____(continue) the fitting process,” said Chen Gang, chief designer of the large cruise ship. After the construction finishes, there will be at least two sea trials in the summer to test the ship, and also to check ____44____ the rooms and entertainment facilities (设施) are comfortable. There will be 16 stories of living, shopping and entertainment space, which will offer a variety of musical ____45____(performance), art shows and food options.
“Upon its completion, there will be about 25 million components on the ship, 5 times that of China’s home-designed C919 plane and 13 times that on the Fuxing- series bullet train. The ____46____(combine) length of the electric cables on the ship is more than 4, 200 kilometers,” Chen said, ____47____(note) that his shipyard has used a lot of advanced techniques and machinery to build the ship.
The project marks the first time China has built a large advanced cruise ship ____48____ its own. It is a new milestone for the country’s shipbuilding industry because it marks an end to the time ____49____ China couldn’t design and construct large cruise ships _____50_____(independent).
五、短文改错
51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起)）不计分。
Last Sunday I participated in the exciting outdoor activity with my friends. We go hiking in the mountains nearby, and it was a pleasant experience. We got up early than usual to pack our backpacks with water, food and other necessary thing. When we got there, we started with our hike. The path was challenging, but the scenery was amazed. As we hiked, we chatted, laughed, and encouraging each other. We also had breaks and took photos. When they finally completed the hike, we were tired out but happy. I was extreme delighted to spend time with my friends in nature and enjoy the fresh air and sunshine. It was an unforgettable walk indeed, I can’t wait to have another chance to hike with them.
六、告知信/通知
52．假定你校留学生中心将举办书画作品展，拟向留学生征集作品，请用英语写一则通知。内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．作品内容；
3．参赛要求；
4．截稿日期。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．通知的格式已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：书法 calligraphy
Notice
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
International Student Centre
May 10
参考答案：
1．C 2．C 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了中国最美丽的四大瀑布：黄果树瀑布、德天瀑布、壶口瀑布和九寨沟瀑布。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Second on the list is Detian Waterfall, lying on the border between China and Vietnam. Separated into three falls by rocks and trees, it ranks as the largest transnational (跨国的) waterfall in Asia.”（排名第二的是德天瀑布，位于中越边境。它被岩石和树木分成三个瀑布，是亚洲最大的跨国瀑布。）可知，德天瀑布的特别之处在于它是一个位于边境的跨国瀑布。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Jiuzhaigou Valley is a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its beautiful waterfalls, colorful lakes, and snow-capped peaks.”（九寨沟被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产，以其美丽的瀑布、多彩的湖泊和白雪皑皑的山峰而闻名。）可知，九寨沟是联合国教科文组织世界遗产。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Here we will introduce you to China’s four most beautiful waterfalls that have been compared to heaven on earth.”（在这里，我们将向你介绍中国最美丽的四大瀑布，它们被比作人间天堂。），以及文章具体介绍了中国的四大瀑布可推知，作者的写作的目的是为了吸引游客来参观中国的这些美丽的瀑布。故选B项。
4．C 5．D 6．A 7．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者下班途中堵塞严重，因为又累又饿，所以心情沮丧。但是在一辆救护车驶来的时候，严重堵塞的车流自觉有序地让出一条通道。作者由此感悟是大家的善意、人与人之间的联系令不可能的事情变为可能。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ahead of me is a heavily jammed on-ramp (驶进匝道). I stare at the endless rows of vehicles, and my heart sinks.”（我前面是一个严重堵塞的驶进匝道。我凝视着无尽的车辆，心一沉。）可知，作者看到驶进匝道的时候心情沉重，是沮丧的，C项“Discouraged”（心灰意冷的）符合题意。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The sound gradually becomes louder, until I can identify it as an emergency vehicle approaching from behind. What can we do? The bridge is packed, and there’s no room for us to move.”（声音越来越大，直到我认出那是一辆从后面驶来的急救车。我们能做什么？桥上拥堵了，没有地方让我们移动。）可知，因为桥上拥堵，作者认为车辆无法移动为救护车让出空间。由此推知，作者认为救护车很难通过。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Regardless of our tiredness, we collectively decided to help the stranger who needed the time more desperately than we did. We drew on our sympathy and intelligence, requiring no instructions.”（尽管我们很累，但我们共同决定帮助那个比我们更需要时间的陌生人。我们利用了我们的同情心和智慧，不需要任何指示。）可知，作者认为因为大家有同情心和智慧，所以帮助了救护车上的陌生人，是人们的善意令这个奇迹发生。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者下班途中堵塞严重，因为又累又饿，所以心情沮丧。但是在一辆救护车驶来的时候，严重堵塞的车流自觉有序地让出一条通道，让救护车成功通过。故事发生在拥堵的车流中，大家让救护车通过，A项“让救助通过”既概括了文章大意，又描述了车流让救护车通过这一核心事件，简洁有力，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者漫步蒙特利尔城市街道的经历，她在散步的过程中发现很多乐趣，感到非常愉悦。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Several years ago, I read about William Helmreich walking every street in New York City. I told my husband, “I can do that for Montreal.”（ 几年前，我读到William Helmreich走遍纽约每条街道的故事。我告诉我丈夫：“为了蒙特利尔，我可以这么做。”）”可知，William Helmreich走遍纽约街道的经历启发了作者走遍蒙特利尔的街道。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“People made great efforts to decorate their homes, and with this came one of the greatest pleasures of my walks: the different measures they took to decorate their frontages.（人们花了很大的力气来装饰他们的家，这给我带来了散步时最大的乐趣之一：他们用不同的方法来装饰他们的房子。）”可知，作者漫步蒙特利尔街道的时候发现人们用心地装饰他们的房子。故选C项。
10．词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句后面“I admit with some shame, I used to feel completely satisfied staying in my part of town, but after I joined in the game, I found walking its streets had truly opened my eyes to Montreal’s full menu.（我很惭愧地承认，我曾经对自己住的地方感到非常满意，但在我参与这个游戏后，我发现走在街上真的让我大开眼界，看到了蒙特利尔的全套菜单。）”可知，作者自己参与走遍城市街道的游戏后受益匪浅，所以认为任何人都可以参与这样的游戏。由此推知，get in on意为“参与”，和take part in意思相近。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Every outing has its wonders.（每一次远足都有它的奇迹。）”和第六段中“There was enough fun on my walks that I’d have a few laughs and come home lighter-hearted than when I left.（散步有足够的乐趣，我会收获很多大笑，回家时比我离开时更轻松。）”可知，作者在漫步蒙特利尔街道的过程中发现了很多有意思的事物，收获了很多乐趣，回家时非常轻松。由此推知，作者在漫步时感到快乐和满意。故选B项。
12．A 13．C 14．B 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍科技为人类提供新的倾听自然界其他生物的机会，使人类与其他生物的社交成为可能。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Technology usually draws us away from nature. “But now technology is offering us a chance to listen to non-humans in powerful ways, restarting our connection to the natural world,” wrote Professor Karen Bakker in her new book.(科技通常会让我们远离自然。Karen Bakker教授在她的新书中写道：“但现在，科技为我们提供了一个以强大的方式倾听非人类声音的机会，重新开启了我们与自然世界的联系)”可知，文章开头提到Karen Bakker的新书是为了用她新书中的内容，说明科技提供了倾听自然中其他生物声音的机会，由此可以引出话题，展开下文。故选A项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Elephants, for example, communicate with each other using infrasound, a sound frequency far below our human hearing range. Corals (珊瑚虫) in the ocean also communicate with each other through sound waves(例如，大象通过次声交流，这种声音的频率远低于人类的听觉范围。海洋中的珊瑚虫也通过声波相互交流)”可知，珊瑚虫和大象一样通过声波交流。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“A research team in Germany, therefore, plugged the bee language AI database system into a robot bee, allowing the robot to create a dance routine that can tell the bees which direction to move(因此，德国的一个研究小组将蜜蜂语言人工智能数据库系统插入机器人蜜蜂中，使机器人能够创建一个舞蹈程序，告诉蜜蜂该朝哪个方向移动)”可知，机器人蜜蜂的作用是通过舞蹈引导蜜蜂的移动。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In the past language creation was limited to mainly apes (类人猿), with there being many examples of chimpanzees having been taught sign language to communicate with humans, but this new technology now allows humans to socialize with different animals throughout the animal kingdom.(在过去，语言的创造主要局限于类人猿，有很多黑猩猩被教授手语与人类交流的例子，但这项新技术现在允许人类与动物王国的不同动物进行社交)”可推知，新技术让人可以突破以往的局限，人类和其他动物通过人工智能交流是可能的。故选B项。
16．E 17．A 18．G 19．F 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章具体介绍了冷水游泳对人的身心的好处，并给出了如何开始冷水游泳的建议。
16．根据后文“Well, many people are taking the jump, based on evidence that it can actually be good for us.”（好吧，很多人都在尝试，因为有证据表明它实际上对我们有好处。）和下一段中“Cold-water swimming is sometimes called “wild swimming”, namely swimming in natural areas including ponds, rivers and the sea.”（冷水游泳有时被称为“野外游泳”，即在池塘、河流和海洋等自然区域游泳。）可知，文章接下来的话题是冷水游泳，后一句在说明它有好处，空处应该提到冷水游泳这一关键词。E项“但是谁会喜欢在冰冷的水里游泳呢？”符合语境，后一句是对这一问题的回答。故选E。
17．根据前文“A cold dip might wake you up, but research has found that it can have much bigger benefits than that for your body and mind.”（冷水游泳可能会让你清醒，但研究发现，它对你的身心有更大的好处。）可知，前文说明冷水游泳对身心有好处，空处应该会承接前文，延伸说明具体的好处。A项“它还可以改善你的健康和快乐。”符合语境。故选A。
18．空处位于段首，需统领本段内容。根据后文“One man who suffered constant pain after surgery claimed that he was cured by taking a swim in cold open water. And another swimmer, Sandria Simons, told the BBC, “The immersion (浸没) of your body in cold, salt water, just feeling like you’re at one with nature if you like, just feels amazing.””（一名手术后遭受持续疼痛的男子声称，他在冰冷的开放水域游泳后痊愈了。另一名游泳运动员Sandria Simons告诉BBC：“把你的身体浸入冰冷的海水中，感觉就像你与大自然融为一体，如果你喜欢的话，这种感觉太棒了。”）可知，本段用具体的事例说明冷水游泳队健康的好处，空处会概括这一内容。G项“据报道，冷水游泳可以治愈某些健康问题。”符合语境，可统领后文两个人的事例。故选G。
19．根据前文“Doctors say that getting into cold water causes a stress response, but the more you do it, the less stress you will have. It’s also thought to have a strong anti-anger effect.”（医生说，泡冷水会引起压力反应，但泡得越多，压力就越小。它也被认为有很强的抗愤怒作用。）和后文“Some experts believe that cold-water swimming helps “cross-adaptation”, where one form of stress prepares the body for another.”（一些专家认为，冷水游泳有助于“交叉适应”，即一种形式的压力为身体为另一种压力做准备。）可知，本段从科学角度解释冷水游泳对人体的好处，前文围绕缓解压力，后文围绕交叉适应，空处需起到过渡的作用，从一种好处延伸到更大的好处。F项“但这种减压运动还有更大的好处。”符合语境，其中的“stress-reducing”与前文的“the less stress”呼应。故选F。
20．空处位于段首，需统领本段内容。根据后文“You should approach it with caution, swim with a friend, and maybe start in the summer, when the water temperatures are higher.”（你应该小心地靠近它，和朋友一起游泳，也许在夏天开始，那时水温更高。）可知，本段在提供如何开始冷水游泳的建议，空处应该从前文的好处转移到建议。D项“所以，如果你确信这适合你，接受建议。”符合语境。故选D。
21．D 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．C 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．D 32．B 33．C 34．A 35．C 36．D 37．D 38．B 39．B 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在湖边观石的时候，联想到自己之前的经历，感悟人恰如岩石，被时间磨平棱角，在时间中变得更为开阔宽广。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们都是由坚硬的地表创造的，它们的边缘随着时间的推移而失去棱角。A. fragile脆弱的；B. shiny光滑发亮的；C. smooth光滑的；D. hard坚硬的。根据下文“their edges softening over time”可知，石头的边缘随时间而失去棱角，所以这里说它们本身是坚硬的地表创造的。故选D。
22．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：即使是最高的山也已磨损；没有一个像一千年前那么高。A. piled up积累；B. worn down磨损；C. risen up上升；D. broken down分解。根据下文“none are as tall as they were 1,000 years ago”可知，高山的高度因为时间而降低，所以这里说它们被磨损了。故选B。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像一块岩石一样，我发现我的态度变得柔和了，我想更好地理解他人的愿望也随着每一次环绕太阳的旅行而扩大了。A. will意志；B. voice声音；C. attitude态度；D. heart内心。根据下文“my desire to better understand others has expanded”可知，作者理解他人的愿望扩大了，所以是对世界的态度变得柔和了。故选C。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：曾经，我也是一块尖尖的岩石。A. Still仍然；B. Often经常；C. Here这里；D. Once曾经。根据上文“my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun”和空后“I was also a sharp rock covered in pointy edges”可知，现在作者发生了变化，而从前他的边缘也很锋利。故选D。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今天，经过几十年的生命之水在我身上流淌，我的棱角变得更加柔和，也更加善解人意。A. understanding善解人意的；B. confident自信的；C. patient耐心的；D. competitive好竞争的。根据上文“my desire to better understand others”可知，作者变得更善解人意。故选A。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不太可能评判别人，我更有兴趣了解我们如何共存。A. contribute做贡献；B. exist存在；C. work工作；D. develop发展。根据上文作者说自己的棱角渐渐磨平，变得善解人意，可推知作者感兴趣的是人如何共存。故选B。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我不是岩石。A. fool傻瓜；B. soul灵魂；C. rock岩石；D. judge裁判。上文作者是在用岩石作比喻，说明时间会让人逐渐磨平棱角，这里作者在强调自己作为人的戏剧的一面，表示和岩石的不同。故选C。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：两年前，在太平洋西北地区旅行时，我看到一个餐馆老板要求几个年轻人离开，因为他们没有戴口罩。A. explain解释；B. leave离开；C. apologize道歉；D. pay支付。根据下文“Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant.”可知，进餐馆需要戴口罩，这几个年轻人没有戴口罩，所以会被要求离开。故选B。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不强势也不粗鲁。A. contradictory矛盾的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. forceful强势的；D. discouraging使人沮丧的。根据空后“and not rude”可知，餐馆的老板态度并不粗鲁，所以forceful“强势的”符合语境，和rude并列。故选C。
30．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们也不喜欢这样，但让我们尽我们所能一起度过难关。A. get through度过；B. stick to坚持；C. deal with处理；D. fight against抗争。根据上文“Please wear a mask”可知，故事发生在疫情期间，所以是需要大家尽所能一起度过难关。故选A。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那群年轻人想为那张纸条争论一番。A. think思考；B. care关心；C. talk谈论；D. argue争论。根据上文这几个年轻人因为没有带口罩被要求离开餐馆可推知，他们会对餐馆纸条上的要求争论一番。故选D。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我失去的是透过他人的眼睛从经历中成长的能力。A. even甚至；B. however然而；C. anyway无论如何；D. also也。根据上文“I’ve been one of them before, using my youthful edges to chip away at (削弱) the world.”（我以前也是他们中的一员，用我年轻时的优势来削弱这个世界）可知，曾经作者很有锋芒，现在却失去了一些能力，此处语义有转折，需用however“然而”。故选B。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我失去的是透过他人的眼睛从经历中成长的能力。A. hardships困难；B. struggle奋斗；C. experiences经历；D. failure失败。根据此处“grow from ____13____ by looking through the eyes of others”可知，作者在说透过他人的眼睛从某种事物中成长，结合观察岩石、在餐馆的事情可知，experiences“经历”更符合语境，文中没有体现其他选项的含义。故选C。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在学习更开放的过程中，我也找到了更多的快乐和成功。A. open开放的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. ambitious有抱负的；D. independent独立的。根据上文“by looking through the eyes of others”可知，从他人的眼睛去看待事情是换位思考，是变得更加开放包容。故选A。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：前者总想办法调整自己，为别人腾出空间，而后者从不让步迁就别人。A. ignore忽视；B. accept接受；C. adjust调整；D. change改变。根据下文“make room for others”可知，圆的石头会给其他石头腾空间，所以是调整自己。故选C。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：前者总想办法调整自己，为别人腾出空间，而后者从不让步迁就别人。A. excuse借口；B. agreement同意；C. entrance入口；D. inch少许。根据上文“while”可知，这里强调锋利的石头和圆的石头不同，它们不会调整自己，不会让步。not give an inch是固定短语，意为“寸步不让”。故选D。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：时间，就像水流冲刷着曾经锋利的石头，冲走了我们对从别人的角度看世界的抗拒，从而改变了我们。A. Nature自然；B. Tolerance容忍；C. Tide潮汐；D. Time时间。根据上文“their edges softening over time”可知，是时间磨掉人的棱角，带走了人对换位思考的抗拒。故选D。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：时间，就像水流冲刷着曾经锋利的石头，冲走了我们对从别人的角度看世界的抗拒，从而改变了我们。A. reforming改革；B. seeing看；C. exploring探索；D. travelling旅行。根据上文“by looking through the eyes of others”可知，是从他人的角度看待世界。故选B。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我把一块圆石头放进夹克口袋里。A. sharp锋利的；B. rounded圆形的；C. valuable值钱的；D. rolling起伏的。根据上文“their edges softening over time”可知，作者把圆石头放进口袋，提醒自己要收敛锋芒，做善解人意、可以换位思考的人。故选B。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大自然母亲又在上课了。A. class课；B. belief信念；C. meeting会议；D. discussion讨论。根据上文“I wonder, “Can we learn from a pile of rocks?””可知，作者从自然中学到了重要的一课，所以这里说大自然在上课。故选A。
41．scheduled 42．equipment 43．to continue 44．whether/if 45．performances 46．combined 47．noting 48．on 49．when 50．independently
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国第一艘大型国产游轮即将建造成功，预计年底交付用给用户，这标志着我国不能独立设计和建造大型游轮的时代的结束。
41．考查语态。句意：中国第一艘大型国产游轮，大约有25层楼高，计划在今年年底交付给用户。分析句子可知，schedule和cruise ship之间是被动关系，空处需用被动语态，空前已有be动词is，空处用schedule的过去分词scheduled。be scheduled to do sth.是固定短语，意为“计划做……，预定做……”。故填scheduled。
42．考查名词。句意：工程师们已经开始安装内部设备。分析句子可知，空处被inner修饰，作install的宾语，应用equip的名词形式equipment，意为“设备”，是不可数名词。故填equipment。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们计划在6月份将它移出干船坞，继续舾装过程。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处应用非谓语动词，作目的状语，需用continue的不定式形式to continue。故填to continue。
44．考查宾语从句。句意：建造完成后，将在夏季进行至少两次海试，以测试船舶，并检查房间和娱乐设施是否舒适。分析句子可知，空处需引导名词性从句作check的宾语，且空处表达“是否”的意思，应用连接词whether或if。故填whether/if。
45．考查名词复数。句意：游轮有16层的生活、购物和娱乐空间，将提供各种音乐表演、艺术表演和食物选择。分析句子可知，空处被musical限定，空前有a variety of，表示“各种音乐表演”，可数名词performance需用复数形式performances。故填performances。
46．考查形容词。句意：船上电缆的总长度超过4200公里。分析句子可知，空处是修饰length的定语，应用combine的形容词形式combined，意为“总和的，总计的”。故填combined。
47．考查非谓语动词。句意：陈刚说……指出他的造船厂使用了许多先进的技术和机械来建造这艘船。分析句子可知，空处作状语，需用非谓语动词，且Chen和note之间是主动关系，应用note的现在分词形式noting。故填noting。
48．考查介词。句意：该项目标志着中国首次自行建造一艘大型先进游轮。根据空后“its own”可知，此处用固定短语on one’s own作状语，意为“独自地，独立地”，空处应用介词on。故填on。
49．考查定语从句。句意：这是中国造船业的一个新的里程碑，因为它标志着中国不能独立设计和建造大型游轮的时代的结束。分析句子可知，空处需引导定语从句修饰先行词time，此处time意为“一段时间”，且从句中成分完整，应用关系副词when。故填when。
50．考查副词。句意：这是中国造船业的一个新的里程碑，因为它标志着中国不能独立设计和建造大型游轮的时代的结束。分析句子可知，空处修饰谓语动词design和construct，应用independent的副词形式independently，意为“独立地”。故填independently。
51．1. exciting前面的the→an
2. go→went
3. early→earlier
4. thing→things
5. 删除started后面的with
6. amazed→amazing
7. encouraging→encouraged
8. they→we
9. extreme→extremely
10. 在I can’t前面增加and或so
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者叙述了上周日和朋友参加的令人兴奋的户外活动。
【详解】1. 考查冠词。句意：上周日我和我的朋友参加了一个令人兴奋的户外活动。此处表示泛指，意为“一个”，应用不定冠词，且exciting以元音音素开头，应用an。故将exciting前面的the改为an。
2. 考查时态。句意：我们去附近的山上远足，那是一次愉快的经历。此处在叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，和后面的was保持一致，应用went。故将go改为went。
3. 考查副词比较级。句意：我们比平时起得早，把水、食物和其他必要的东西装在背包里。根据than可知，此处需用副词比较级，表示“比平常早”，应用earlier。故将early改为earlier。
4. 考查名词复数。句意：我们比平时起得早，把水、食物和其他必要的东西装在背包里。thing是可数名词，前面有other，表示“其他的必要的东西”，是复数概念，应用things。故将thing改为things。
5. 考查动词。句意：当我们到达那里，我们开始了我们的徒步旅行。此处start是及物动词，意为“使开始发生”，不需要介词with。故删除started后面的with。
6. 考查形容词。句意：这条路很有挑战性，但风景令人惊叹。此处作表语，表示“风景令人惊叹”，形容风景的特征，应用amazing，意为“令人惊叹的”。故将amazed改为amazing。
7. 考查时态。句意：一路上，我们谈笑风生，互相鼓励。此处encourage和前面的chatted、laughed并列作谓语动词，时态是一般过去时，应用encouraged。故将encouraging改为encouraged。
8. 考查代词。句意：当我们终于完成徒步旅行时，我们很累，但很高兴。此处表达“我们”而非“他们”，应用人称代词we。故将they改为we。
9. 考查副词。句意：我非常高兴和我的朋友在大自然中享受新鲜的空气和阳光。此处作状语，修饰形容词delighted，应用副词extremely，意为“极其，非常”。故将extreme改为extremely。
10. 考查连词。句意：这确实是一次难忘的徒步旅行，所以我迫不及待地想再和他们一起徒步旅行。根据句子前后两部分的语义可知，此处需用表示结果的连词连接，应用and表示“那么，因此”，或so表示“因此，所以”。故在I can’t前面增加and或so。
52．One possible version:
Notice
To promote students’ art appreciation, we’re going to hold a painting and calligraphy exhibition. It’s open for international students and it’s also a good chance to show your talents.
Entries can be in the form of calligraphy or painting about your love for your country, your home, your school or nature. You can also express your gratitude to your family or teachers. Whatever they are about, they must hold a positive attitude to encourage people to be kind.
You’re required to hand in your works to International Student Centre before May 30. Excellent works will be selected for display at our art gallery. You’re warmly welcome to contribute to the exhibition.
International Student Centre
May 10
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求考生写一则向留学生征集书画作品的通知，需告知活动目的、作品内容、参赛要求和截稿日期。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
展示：show→showcase, display, exhibit, present
表达：express→convey, disclose, reveal
感恩：gratitude→gratefulness, thankfulness, thanks
鼓励：encourage→motivate, stir, stimulate
需要：be required to→have to, be obliged to, ought to
极好的：excellent→superb, outstanding, exceptional, wonderful
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It’s open for international students and it’s also a good chance to show your talents.
拓展句：It’s open for international students, which is also a good chance to show your talents.
【点睛】【高分句型1】To promote students’ art appreciation, we’re going to hold a painting and calligraphy exhibition.（运用了不定式短语作目的状语）
【高分句型2】Whatever they are about, they must hold a positive attitude to encourage people to be kind.（运用了whatever引导的让步状语从句）
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