备战2023年高考英语-考情分析原创新题预测——阅读理解（素材体现时代性）

阅读理解（素材体现时代性）一、考情分析政策文件文件1  2014年3月30日教育部 《教育部关于全面深化课程改革落实立德树人根本任务的意见》：要增强时代性，充分体现先进的教育思想和教育理念，根据社会发展新变化、科技进步新成果，及时更新教学内容。文件2  党的二十大报告指出：“深入贯彻以人民为中心的发展思想，在幼有所育、学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居、弱有所扶上持续用力，人民生活全方位改善。建成世界上规模最大的教育体系、社会保障体系、医疗卫生体系，人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感更加充实、更有保障、更可持续，共同富裕取得新成效。”文件3  2018年1月7日教育部关于印发《普通高中英语课程标准2017版2020修订》 教师应设计具有综合性、关联性和实践性特点的英语学习活动，使学生通过学习理解、 应用实践、迁移创新等一系列融语言、文化、思维为一体的活动，获取、阐释和评判语篇意义，表达个人观点、意图和情感态度，分析中外文化异同，发展多元思维和批判性思维，提高英语学习能力和运用能力。真题分析近3年全国卷及新高考卷高考真题中涉及了情境真实、新颖的具有时代印记的素材，如新科技、新方式（新生活方式、工作方式、学习方式）、环保或是教育新理念、新做法、新的研究成果、社会发展过程中衍生的新问题，以及针对一些社会现象发表的新观点等，当下的时事热点在素材中也有渗透。真题中，素材体现时代性的考查情况具体如下：类别考频总结时事热点3年9考真实情境体现时代性素材中，时事热点出现的频次最多，其次为新方式、新做法、新问题、新研究成果、新观点和新科技新方式3年7考新做法3年6考新问题3年6考新的研究成果3年5考新观点3年4考新科技3年3考3.2023备考阅读理解备考时可广泛涉猎不同题材及体裁。在素材的选取上应多关注贴近生活、联系社会实际的现实热点、科技前沿、绿色环保、社会新发展等话题，培养学生发现问题、分析问题与解决问题的关键能力。在备考练习中要培养学生的创新思维、批判性思维以及辩证思维等高阶思维能力。 二、腾远原创新题◎试题阅读理解AGermany has the world’s fourth oldest population. In Arnsberg, a medieval German town, retirees thrive. Today, the town’s population of seniors is one in five over the age of 65. In 2030 it will be one in three. In the past, people stuck themselves into nursing homes. But today, these nursing home residents are visible on the town’s streets, festivals, and parties. From wide pavements, shaded benches, and a host of activities, this city is one of the most aging-friendly places in the world. What makes Arnsberg different from the rest of Germany is the Department of Future of Ageing founded in 2004. But that came about after the town did a population survey in 1995, and the results were a real eye opener. The participants didn’t want to sit home after they retired, but wanted to participate in social activities, to continue learning, and to continue contributing to society. And most of all, they didn’t want to be alone in their senior years. This completely changed the way the town looked at aging. The department supports over 200 projects for the elderly and works as advisors for other departments in the town. Some of the projects include adding numbered benches every 200 meters along the town’s promenade(长廊). The benches provide rest and shade and people who get lost can call for help and tell rescuers exactly where they are. Volunteers are available to travel with seniors as bus companions to allow elderly people to continue to shop for themselves.There are affordable residential buildings where seniors can live independently at home longer. But the most successful project is the Dementia (痴呆) Learning lab, which helps change people’s attitudes about dementia and reduce their fear about seniors with dementia. Now people are much more empathetic. Anne-Sophie Parent, who has worked for 28 years on aging in the European Union，said that the work done in Arnsberg can be copied in other European towns and cities with similar demographics (人群) and populations. 1. What does the underlined word “thrive” in paragraph 1 mean?A. Boom.             B. Succeed.   C. Decrease.           D. Appear.2. How were seniors in Arnsberg viewed before the population survey in 1995?A. They expected to join in social activities.B. They preferred to stay at home.C. They hoped to do something for society.D. They attached great importance to learning.3. How does the author show Arnsberg is an aging-friendly town? A. By inferring.           B. By comparing. C. By listing examples. D. By giving explanations.4. How did Anne-Sophie Parent feel about the work done in Arnsberg? A. Favorable.           B. Mixed.  C. Critical.             D. Doubtful.BNemo’s Garden is an underwater farm, located under the sea just off the coast of Italy. It was created in 2012 by Sergio Gamberini, the founder of the Ocean Reef Group, a diving equipment firm. One day when he was resting between dives, he came up with the idea of growing basil(紫苏）, a plant used in cooking, under water in ideal growing conditions. It would combine his two passions: diving and gardening.Gamberini and his team started experimenting by sinking transparent biospheres (生物圈) 6 meters below the surface of the sea and filling them with water. A few days later he placed a vase with basil seeds in a biosphere and it sprouted (发芽) after only 48 hours. The result of this is Nemo’s Garden, a project that is looking to create sustainable agriculture underwater. The project was starting to produce herbs, lettuce, cucumbers, tomatoes, and other fruits and vegetables when it suffered storm damage in 2019. Then came the pandemic and due to restrictions, the habitat could not be staffed and just recently reopened. Nemo’s Gardens project manager, Gianni Fontanesi, has logged almost a thousand dives to take care of the underwater farm. He told the news organization that being in the underwater greenhouse is like being in an inside out aquarium. “You are the fish looking out into the outside world,” Fontanesi said. The biosphere system has drawn the attention of researchers and Nemo’s Garden has been rented to explore this unique plant growing method. “Every year, we are discovering new possible applications for the biospheres,” said Fontanesi. These include eco-tourism, seaweed farming, sustainable fish farming, and scientific research. 1. What is the right order of the experiment done by Gamberini’s team?a. The seeds began to grow.b. They sank biospheres underwater.c. They filled biospheres with water.d. They put a vase with basil seeds in a biosphere.A. b, d, c, a         B. d, a, c, b    C. d, c, b, a         D. b, c, d, a 2. What do we know about Nemo’s Garden?A. It was once closed.         B. It can resist the storm.C. It takes little trouble.        D. It contains an aquarium.3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Seas will become our main habitats.B. The biosphere system will be widely applied.C. People may mainly depend on underwater farms.D. People will explore more unknown farms. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Exploration of Biosphere SystemB. The Founder of Nemo’s GardenC. A Unique Underwater FarmD. The harvest of Fruits and Vegetables◎答案解析A【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上对老年人最友好的地方之一——德国阿恩斯贝格小镇,并介绍了该城镇上为老年人生活提供便利的设施和服务。1. A  本题问及第一段中的划线单词“thrive”是什么意思。根据第一段划线单词后面的话“Today，the town's population of seniors is one in five over the age of 65. In 2030 it will be one in three.”可知，如今,该镇65岁以上的老年人口占五分之一，到2030年，这一比例将达到三分之一。由此可以推断出划线词所在句的意思为:在中世纪的德国小镇阿恩斯贝格,退休人员正在快速增加。由此可推断“thrive”在这里的意思为“激增”。2.B  本题问及1995年人口调查之前人们是如何看待阿恩斯伯格的老年人的。根据文章第二段“... the results were a real eye opener. The participants didn't want to sit home after they retired, but wanted to participate in social activities, to continue learning，and to continue contributing to society. ...This completely changed the way the town looked at aging.”该镇于1995年进行了一次人口调查,参与者表示退休后不想待在家里,而是想参加社会活动,继续学习,继续为社会做出贡献,这些调查结果彻底改变了小镇对老年人的看法。由此可推断出，在1995年人口调查之前,阿恩斯贝格小镇的人们对老年人持有不同的看法。A项、C项以及D项都是1995年人口调查后的结果,只有B项是过去人们的看法。3. C  本题问及作者如何表明阿恩斯贝格是一个对老年人友好的城镇。文章第一段最后一句话点明全文主题,指出从宽阔的人行道、荫凉的长椅和众多的活动来看,阿恩斯贝格是世界上对老年人最友好的地方之一;接着在文章第三段和第四段则介绍了为老年人生活提供便利的设施及服务:沿着城镇的长廊每隔200米增加的带编号的长凳、志愿者服务、经济适用的住宅楼以及帮助人们减少对老年痴呆症患者的恐惧的项目。由此可知,作者是用实例来证明阿恩斯贝格是一个对老年人友好的城镇。4. A  本题问及Anne Sophie Parent 对阿恩斯贝格城镇所做的工作持何种态度。根据文章最后一段可知,Anne-Sophie Parent在欧盟从事老龄化(研究)工作已有28年,说其他具有类似人口特征的欧洲城镇可以效仿阿恩斯贝格城镇所做的工作。由此可以推断出,Anne-Sophie Parent认同和赞许阿恩斯贝格城镇所做的工作。B【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了潜水设备公司Ocean Reef Group的创始人Sergio Gamberini在意大利海岸附近的海底创建的一个名为尼莫花园的水下农场以及该水下农场的相关情况。1. D  本题问及Gamberini团队所做实验的正确顺序是什么。根据文章第二段的内容可知，Gamberini和他的团队开始实验:首先把透明的生物圈下沉到海平面以下6米,然后给生物圈注满水。几天后,把一个装有罗勒种子的花瓶放在一个生物圈里，仅仅48小时之后它就发芽了。由此可知，实验的正确顺序为: b，c，d，a。2. A  本题问及关于尼莫花园我们了解什么。根据文章第三段第二句“Then came the pandemic and due to restrictions, the habitat could not be staffed and just recently reopened. ”可知，瘟疫来临后由于各种限制，(水下作物的)生长环境无法配备工作人员，最近才重新开放。由此可以得知，尼莫花园在瘟疫爆发期间关闭过。3.B  本题问及从最后一段中我们能推断出什么。最后一段讲到每年都会发现这些生物圈的新的可能应用(的方向)，包括生态旅游、海藻养殖、可持续鱼类养殖和科学研究。由此可以推断出，生物圈系统可能会被应用到更多领域。4. C  本题问及这篇文章的最佳标题是什么。我们可以通过串联各段落内容得出文章主旨,继而归纳出其标题。第一段:介绍意大利海底的一个水下农场尼莫花园以及它的创办人Gamberini建立该水下农场的契机。第二段:Gamberini团队对创建该水下农场生物圈系统进行实验。第三段:管理该水下农场付出的努力。第四段:该水下农场的生物圈系统在很多领域投入应用。由此可知,文章主要介绍了一个水下农场及其发展过程。因此，C项作为本文标题最佳