备战2023年高考英语-考情分析原创新题预测——阅读理解（文化类）

阅读理解（文化类）一、考情分析◎政策文件    《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》 ：文化知识包含中外文化知识，是学生在语言学习活动中理解文化内涵，比较文化异同，汲取文化精华，坚定文化自信的基础。学习中外优秀文化，有助于学生在对不同文化的比较、鉴赏、批判和反思的过程中，拓宽国际视野，增强对中华优秀传统文化、革命文化和社会主义先进文化的认识，形成正确的价值观和道德情感，成为有文明素养和社会责任感的人。◎真题分析卷 别题 位文体主 题考查能力2022全国甲卷阅读D说明文悉尼港口的古代文明与现代化冲突1.理解主旨要义2.推断人物信息3.推断人物观点4.推断人物观点2022新高考I卷阅读D说明文现今的语音是生物变化和文化进化的相互作用的复杂产物1.理解细节信息2.推断事物发展原因3.理解主旨要义4.推断人物观点 2020全国Ⅲ卷阅读A广告信息文物质文化遗产介绍（泰山、杭州、寺庙、博物馆、古镇）1.理解并寻找事物共同点2.理解并寻找信息3.理解并寻找信息2019全国III卷阅读B说明文中国及中国文化对国际时尚潮流的影响1.识别和理解具体信息2.推断人物观点3.猜测词汇在文中的意义4.理解主旨要义并概括标题2018全国Ⅲ卷阅读C说明文中国建筑师王澍1.推断并概括信息2.理解并归纳信息3.推断成功的原因4.推断人物语言的言外之意★选材方面：近5年文化类阅读理解素材，①从题位上看，多出现在D篇；②文体上看，多为说明文，应用文为辅；③从主题上看，涉及外国文化对社会发展的影响，让学生了解人类文明历史和世界发展动态，具有国际视野；选取中国优秀传统文化在世界取得的显著成就，引导学生坚定理想信念、厚植爱国情怀、提升品德修养、培养奋斗精神。★命题方面：加大关键能力的考查，聚焦思维过程和思维品质的考查，涉及推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意、标题归纳、观点态度等各类高阶思维类试题。引导学生调动批判性能思维和辩证思维，根据语篇内容进行逻辑推理论证，通过归纳和概括等做出回答。◎2023备考★选材方面：学生要多涉猎不同中外文化语篇，特别是具有探讨性和思辨性的语篇。通过阅读提高独立思考、主动发现问题和解决问题的能力。★题目方面：学生需加强对信息加工、关键概念的理解及阅读理解能力的训练，在分析理解文章观点、作者的写作意图和情感态度的过程和积累中，要不断思考中外文化异同，促进多元思维和批判性思维习惯的养成。二、腾远原创新题◎试题呈现ATravelling in Fujian, I was deeply fascinated by the earth buildings（tulou）scattered throughout the countryside. These spaceship-like structures are so numerous that in Hekeng village alone there are 13. The buildings have high mud-brown walls, tiny windows in the top stories. They come in various shapes but are mostly square or circular. Timbered（木结构的）galleries rise as many as five stories high around a light-filled courtyard. Each floor is built of dark wood, with small rooms placed one after another, identical in size.Living space in a tulou was organized vertically（垂直地）, a necessity in a mountainous region with limited flat land. Each family, depending on its size, could own one or more bays. The first floor, open to the courtyard, was the kitchen and dining area; the second floor was a storeroom; the third floor and those above held bedrooms. The earliest record of tulou dates to 1558, says Huang Hanmin, an architect who has written extensively about tulou. “From the beginning their main function was to defend the people’s safety,” says Huang. In 2008, 46 tulou in Fujian were selected as World Heritage cultural treasures, including Hekeng’s 13 ones. However, not until the 1950s did the outside world, urban China included, even know that tulou existed. Those in southern Fujian didn’t come to light until three decades later.The remoteness of the region, its poor roads, and the emptying of its villages (the Hakka have migrated in large numbers to outside) had kept the region’s unique architecture a secret. In neighboring Guangdong Province, just outside Guangzhou, a dense megacity with some 14 million people, architects from the Urbanus firm designed a successful modern version of a tulou for 278 low-income families. “I can easily imagine this concept, with its sense of collective space, being adapted for schools, libraries,” said Meng Yan, a lead designer.Which aspect of tulou impressed the author deeply according to paragraph 1?A. Its appearance.         B. Its number. C. Its infrastructure.    D. Its position.  2. What do paragraph 2 & paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A. The living habits of the villagers.B. The building materials used in tulou. C. The interior and exterior structure of tulou.D. The suitable environment for building tulou 3.[新考法·英英释义] What do the underlined words “come to light” in paragraph 5 mean?A. Come into being.        B. Make a difference. C. Get disappeared.     D. Become known. 4.[新角度·趋势推断] What can we expect of the earth buildings in the future? A. They will be more widely used.B. They might replace modern architectures.C. They will get more attention from citizens.D. They may become the model for green buildings.BIt may be hard to imagine a world without cheap postal services, but 200 years ago sending mail was a luxury. Posting a letter from London to Edinburgh cost lots of money. In 1840, after a proposal by Rowland Hill, an inventor, Britain launched the Penny Post, the world’s first universal mail service. The state-run post office was given a mail monopoly(垄断) in return for delivering letters to any address in the country at the same rate. Cheaper postage proved wildly popular and the flows of information it enabled boosted economic growth.  At the industry’s peak, post offices worldwide delivered nearly 350bn items of mail in 2007. But over the past decade this model has come under threat from falling letter volumes and from e-commerce giants expanding into parcel delivery. Letter volumes have fallen at a rate of between 3% and 5% a year across the developed world.Most of the decline has been due to bank statements going online and personal letters and greeting cards going out of fashion. Junk mail has also begun to decrease due to the rise of digital advertising on smartphones. Online government services are likely to reduce demand for first-class letters even further.Parcels could come to the rescue. In 2014—2016 the world witnessed a surge in global package volumes, which grew by 48%. But unlike with letters, most post offices do not have a monopoly in parcels, so profits are thinner. E-commerce giants may prove a greater threat. Amazon has already hit Britain’s Royal Mail hard by starting its own door-to-door deliveries. Alibaba also expands beyond China.The answer to these challenges is not to protect postal services from competition. Royal Mail, which was privatized earlier this decade, is using temporary workers to deliver parcels and is investing in startups to improve its services. And in spite of new competitors and continued universal service obligations(义务), the large scale of post offices still gives them a big comparative advantage. Postal firms can survive and develop if they are prepared to change how they operate. 1. What can we learn about Penny Post? A. It was established by Rowland Hill.B. It contributed greatly to economy.C. It was expensive to post letters there.D. It was unavailable in London.2. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. The convenience of online services.B. The conflict between letters and technology.C. The importance of government support.D. The reasons for decreasing demand for letters. 3. What does the underlined word “surge” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Interest.  B. Shift.  C. Increase.  D. Efficiency.4. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Royal Mail? A. To provide an example for post offices’ reform.B. To prove the traditional post offices’ advantage.C. To show a tendency to go private in post offices.D. To praise the improvement of its services.◎答案解析A【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了我国被列入世界遗产名录的福建土楼独特的构造、其随着社会发展的存在情况，以及建筑师们参考其结构建造了现代版土楼等情况。文章旨在让学生了解中华优秀传统文化，培养文化意识，树立文化自信，厚置爱国情怀。B【解析】根据第一段第二句中的“These spaceship-like structures are so numerous that in Hekeng village alone there are 13.”可知，土楼的数量众多，仅在河坑村就有13座。由此可知，土楼的现存数量给作者留下了深刻的印象。故选B。C【解析】第二段讲述了土楼的高度、楼层、房间大小等情况；第三段讲述了不同规模家庭的土楼的楼层使用及设计情况，这些都属于土楼的结构。故选C。D【解析】划线词所在句为时间状语从句，主语为“those”，指代前面提到的现存的土楼。再结合划线词前的内容可知直到20世纪50年代，中国及外国才知道土楼的存在。由此可推断，划线词所在句说的是直到三十年后，闽南地区的土楼建筑才被发现。故选D。A【解析】根据最后一段中的“In neighboring Guangdong Province,... architects from the Urbanus firm designed a successful modern version of a tulou for 278 low-income families.”可知，人口密集的大城市广州附近，建筑师为278户低收入家庭成功设计了现代版土楼。再根据首席设计师孟岩的话：“我很容易想象这个概念，它具有集体空间感，很适用于学校和图书馆。”可以推断，土楼在未来很可能会被广泛运用于建造不同的场所。故选A。B【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了便士邮政的兴起以及邮局业务由盛转衰的原因，并提出了邮局改革的建议。1. B【解析】根据第一段最后一句“Cheaper postage proved wildly popular and the flows of information it enabled boosted economic growth.”可知，便士邮政促进了经济的发展，故选B项。2. D【解析】第三段提到，银行、政府等部门在网上办公，私人信件和贺卡不再流行以及智能手机的流行使得信件数量下降，由此可知，本段主要讲的是信件需求减少的原因。故选D项。3. C【解析】第四段首句提到包裹业务有所帮助，我们应从上文寻找这里指的是对什么问题会有所帮助。第三段讲到一类信件需求下降，由此可知，本段开头说的是包裹业务可以缓解一类信件减少造成的影响。再根据划线词所在句中的定语从句“which grew by 48%”可知，包裹数量增加了，所以surge应该是“增长”之意。故选C。4. A【解析】最后两段主要讲的是电子商务对英国皇家邮政造成了沉重的打击，以及英国皇家邮政面对挑战所作出的改变。再结合最后一段最后一句可知，如果邮局准备好改变经营方式，它们就能生存和发展。由此可推知，作者提及皇家邮政是为给邮局改革提供一个范例。故选A.