专题02 阅读理解 （说明文）--学易金卷：2023年高考英语二模试题分项汇编（新高考八省专用）

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 专题02  阅读理解 （说明文） 1.【2023届湖北省华中师范大学附中第二次质量检测试题】 For the first time, United Nations members have agreed on a unified treaty (协议) to protect biodiversity on the high seas, representing a turning point for vast stretches of the planet where conservation has previously been held back by a confusing patchwork (拼凑)of laws.The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea came into force in 1994, before marine biodiversity was a well-established concept. An updated framework to protect marine life in the regions outside national boundary waters, known as the high seas, had been in discussions for more than 20 years, but previous efforts to reach an agreement had repeatedly failed. The unified treaty, which applies to nearly half the planet’s surface, was reached late on Saturday.UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres welcomes the finalization of the text of the United Nations Ocean Treaty, his spokesman said on Saturday. “This breakthrough, which covers nearly two-thirds of the ocean, marks the culmination of nearly two decades of work and builds on the legacy (遗产)of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,” a statement said.Nichola Clark, an ocean expert at the Pew Charitable Trusts called the long-awaited treaty text “a once-in-a-generation opportunity to protect the oceans-a major win for biodiversity”. The treaty will create a new body to manage the conservation of ocean life and establish marine-protected are-as on the high seas. Clark said that’s critical to achieving the UN Biodiversity Conference’s recent promise to protect 30 percent of the planet’s waters, for conservation. The treaty also establishes ground rules for conducting environmental impact assessments for commercial activities in the oceans.Treaty negotiations were initially anticipated to conclude on Friday, but stretched through the night into Saturday. The making of the treaty represents “a historic and overwhelming success for international marine protection,” said Steffi Lemke, Germany’s environment minister.8．What can we learn about the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea?A．It is the basis of the UN Ocean Treaty. B．It leads to a lot of controversy.C．It has been discussed for over 20 years. D．It is a complete failure.9．Which of the following could replace the underlined word “culmination” in Paragraph 3?A．Beginning. B．Impact. C．End. D．Break.10．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?A．Commercial ocean activities will be monitored.B．Preservation of 30% of the planet will be ensured.C．Protected areas on the high seas will be expanded.D．An existing department will manage the conservation.11．Why is the making of the UN ocean treaty recognized as a historic success?A．It takes tough and long negotiations.B．The high seas are stressed for the first time.C．Unity in protecting the high seas is achieved.D．The concept of marine biodiversity is established. 2.【2023届福建省福州市高三第二次质量检测】WHEN KIM JI-UN lived in Seoul, she worried about finding a good job. Now, she is worried that drought may ruin her crop. The 23-year-old started a farm last year. Her first harvest was a success; she was surprised that her black beans did better than her strawberries.Ms Kim is part of a phenomenon called kitchen, or returning to rural life. Coined a millennium ago, the term crops up during periods of economic hardship. This time, in the wake of the pandemic, many new farmers have never lived in the countryside before. By planting young farmers in rural areas, the government hopes to enjoy big rewards in future.The plan is working. In 2021 nearly 380, 000 people moved to the countryside. Comfort with digital technology gives young farmers a leg up, says Cho Kyung-ik, the director of the Beginning Farmer’s Centre, an institution educating those who wish to kwichon at its downtown offices. They sell fresh produce on Naver, South Korea’s largest search engine.The centre teaches techniques like how to use a tractor(拖拉机) or select the best crops. It arranges a trial period during which ambitious farmers work under the guidance of an old hand, learning what it means to do back-breaking labour from dawn to dusk.The most important lesson is how to get on with the locals. The villagers are also offered tips on how to act towards the newcomers. That part is not yet a total success. Ms Kim says her neighbours have a bad temper. “The old people come in here and give me unwanted advice, or say that I will never be able to grow anything, ”she says. Her black beans beg to differ. She and the South Korean government will be hoping that her crops put the argument to rest for good.4．Why does the writer tell Ms Kim’s story?A．To start a discussion.B．To introduce a topic.C．To explain a solution.D．To make a comparison.5．What does the underlined “a leg up” in paragraph 3 mean?A．A new identity.B．A helping hand.C．A big reward.D．A different idea.6．What is the challenge for the young farmers?A．Farming techniques.B．Hard work.C．Communicative skills.D．Unwanted advice.7．What can we infer from kwichon in South Korea?A．Farming makes huge profits.B．Locals need technical training.C．It helps to revive rural areas.D．Government should help farmers. 3.【2023届福建省厦门一中高三下学期二模试题】Too much time spent on gaming, smartphones and watching television is linked to heightened levels and diagnoses (诊断) of anxiety or depression in children as young as age 2, according to a new study. Even after only one hour of screen time daily, children and teens may begin to have less curiosity, lower self-control, less emotional stability and a greater inability to finish tasks, reports San Diego State University psychologist Jean Twenge and University of Ceorgia psychology professor W. Keith Campbell. They were particularly interested in associations between screen time and diagnoses of anxiety and depression in youth, which has not yet been studied in great detail. Twenge and Campbell found adolescents who spend more than seven hours a day on screens were twice as likely as those spending one hour to have been diagnosed with anxiety or depression. Overall, links between screen time and well-being were larger among adolescents than among young children. “At first, I was surprised that the associations were larger for adolescents,” Twenge said. “However, adolescents spend more time on their phones and on social media, and these activities are more strongly linked to low well-being than watching television and videos, which is most of younger children’s screen time.” The study provides further evidence that the American Academy of Pediatrics’ (AAP) established screen time limits—one hour per day for those aged 2 to 5, with a focus on high-quality programs—are valid (有效的), Twenge said. The study also suggests that similar limits—perhaps to two hours a day-should be applied to school-aged children and adolescents, said Twenge. In terms of prevention, establishing possible causes and outcomes of low psychological well- being is especially important for child and adolescent populations. “Half of mental health problems develop by adolescence,” Twenge and Campbell wrote in their paper.8．What do we know about Twenge and Campbell’s study according to paragraph 2?A．It requires further research.B．It brings children less comfort.C．It needs greater ability to finish.D．It generates more public concern.9．What is a reason for the different degrees of impact on children?A．The effects of the harmful contents.B．Teens’ stronger addiction to screens.C．The portability of electronic devices.D．Teens’ negative emotions at discipline.10．Which of the following do the researchers want AAP to do?A．Provide high-quality programs.B．Issue minimum screen time limits.C．Apply the limits to older children.D．Present further evidence for prevention.11．What does this study focus on?A．Adolescents’ mental problems.B．The bad habits of the young adults.C．Low level of mental health in youth.D．The importance of the young population. 4.【2023届广东省广州天河区高三二模试题】This paragraph is not ordinary. Look at it. At first, it won’t look too odd. Just a normal paragraph — you may think. But look at it again and you might find it a bit unusual. Can you spot it? Is anything...missing?What you’ve just read is a lipogram - a text without a particular letter. It is the hardest kind as it doesn’t contain the letter E - the most common letter in the English language. Try writing one yourself and you’ll imagine the task faced by the French writer Georges Perec, when a friend challenged him to write a whole novel without using E - a letter which is even more common in French.Perec was a frighteningly clever writer, a lover of word games and puzzles and also a master of the Chinese board game Go. As well as writing crossword puzzles for Paris magazines, he had already written a 5,000-word palindrome, a text that reads the same forwards and backwards, like the well-known “A man, a plan, a canal - Panama.” But his friends thought this task would be beyond him.Perec took up the challenge. He was unable to use more than 70% of the French words, including those most commonly used. Surprisingly, he discovered this “impossible” rule unlocked his imagination. He later claimed he wrote this novel faster than any of his other books. He was forced to think and fight for every sentence. He had no choice but to be original.The result was La Disparition, a detective story about the mysterious disappearance of a character named A．Vowl. The only Es were the four in his name on the cover. Despite the dozens of clues about the fantastically difficult rule, many original reviewers failed to spot what was staring them in the faces — the missing letter. Embarrassing for the critics, but hilarious for the writer and his friends.Fortunately, the game Perec was playing did not destroy the book itself. Every sentence seems twisted slightly out of shape, and the resulting style is unique.8．Why does the writer start with a lipogram?A．To prove Perec’s work is hard.B．To introduce Perec’s tough task.C．To demonstrate what a lipogram is.D．To challenge readers to write one.9．Which of the following is NOT a palindrome?A．Madam. B．Nurses ran.C．No X in Nixon. D．No lemons, no melon.10．What did Perec think of the challenge he took up?A．It forced him to write faster. B．It enriched his writing styles.C．No writer but he could make it. D．It freed his creativity in writing.11．What does the underline word “hilarious” mean in paragraph 5?A．Confusing. B．Surprising. C．Very lucky. D．Extremely funny. 5.【2023届湖北省十一校第二次联考英语试题】Recently, Google researchers published a paper describing results from an artificial intelligence (AI) tool, called MusicLM, built to create music. It is not the first AI music tool to launch. But the examples Google provides demonstrate musical creative ability based on a limited set of descriptive words. AI shows how complex computer systems have been trained to behave in human-like ways. Google engineers explain the MusicLM system this way:First, a user comes up with a word or words that describe the kind of music they want the tool to create. For example, a user could enter this short phrase into the system: “a continuous calming violin backed by a soft guitar sound.”The descriptions entered can include different music styles, instruments or other existing sounds. Several different music examples produced by MusicLM were published online. Some of the generated music came from just one-or-two-word descriptions, such as “jazz”, or “techno”. The system created other examples from more detailed descriptions containing whole sentences. In the resulting recording, the music seems to keep very close to the description. The team said that the more detailed the description is, the better the system can attempt to produce it.In addition to generating new music from written descriptions, the team said the system can also create examples based on a person’s own singing, whistling or playing an instrument. The researchers said the tool “produces high-quality music...over several minutes, while being faithful to the text conditioning signal”.Although it hasn’t been released for public use, Google announced it was releasing a “high-quality dataset (数据集)”of more than 5, 500 music-writing pairs prepared by professional musicians called MusicCaps. The researchers took that step to assist in the development of other AI music generators.The MusicLM researchers said they believe they have designed a new tool to help anyone quickly and easily create high-quality music selections. However, the team said it also recognizes some risks linked to the machine learning process8．How does MusicLM work?A．It adapts music from recordings.B．It generates music from written descriptions.C．It teaches users how to play a musical instrument.D．It recommends songs based on a user’s listening history.9．Why did Google release the MusicCaps dataset?A．To display the capabilities of MusicLM.B．To allow the public to use MusicLM.C．To help develop other AI music generators.D．To promote the MusicCaps music-writing service.10．What might be an advantage of using MusicLM for music creation?A．It can improve the overall quality of music in the industry.B．It can replace human musicians and composers.C．It can produce music that is more complex than human-made music.D．It can create music quickly and efficiently.11．What is the main idea of the article?A．Google has developed MusicLMA to create music from written descriptions and other inputs.B．MusicLM-an example of AI systems can behave in human-like ways.C．MusicLM can create music following written descriptions and using others as input.D．Google has released a dataset to help develop other AI music generators. 6.【2023届湖南省衡阳市高三二模英语试题】Do you ever feel guilty for relaxing, even after you’ve worked hard all day? Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout? You may be experiencing productivity dysmorphia (生产力畸形). It is a way to describe the feeling of failing to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing more, even when you’re running on fumes.Author Anna Codrea-Rado who wrote an article about productivity dysmorphia claimed “it is the pursuit of productivity that drives us to do more while robbing us of the ability to enjoy any success we might encounter along the way”.Highly competitive and job-led culture contribute to constantly pursuing productivity that eats away at other areas of life. In fact, you’re often praised for putting productivity above your well-being. Remember how schools rewarded perfect attendance? Similarly, companies prefer employees who get the maxi-mum work done while taking the fewest possible breaks. Rewards like these have strengthened that rest is bad and that being constantly at work is the right thing to do.Plus, the problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it, but rather that they internalize the need to always be productive even when they’re going some-where to enjoy leisure time. Habits like these may be born out of the social pressure to find self-worth in work achievements.Some writers have even begun describing rest as productive, as if people should stop relaxing if it doesn’t improve performance in some way. Not only does this mindset make it difficult to view and celebrate your achievements, but it also pushes you to build your entire life around work. The only milestones that matter are achieving work goals. The worst part? There’s no sense of fulfillment when you reach these goals.8．What do the underlined words “running on fumes” mean in Paragraph 1?A．Tired. B．Excited. C．Satisfied. D．Disappointed.9．Which is the reason for constantly pursuing productivity?A．Minor competitiveness. B．Pressure from jobs.C．Instructions from the boss. D．Internalized needs.10．Which may be an example of productivity dysmorphia?A．A man completes work in working hours. B．A man enjoys leisure time with his family.C．A woman works everywhere at anytime. D．A woman stops for a relaxation regularly.11．What is the author’s attitude towards the description of some writers?A．Favorable. B．Negative. C．Unconcerned. D．Neutral. 7.【2023届江苏南京市盐城市第二次调研试题】Among my friends, one topic seems to dominate our conversations: bones. It makes sense, given that 20 percent of American women over 50 have osteoporosis (骨质疏松) and that more than half have bone loss. For men, the figures are lower: 4 percent and a third. Worldwide, one out of three women over 50 and one out of five older men will develop a fracture (骨折). Another reason for the endless argument about bone problems is mass confusion over how best to strengthen your bones and whether diet really makes a difference.Diet research is always messy, and study results on nutrition and bone health haven’t been consistent. But gradually some clarity is emerging. As we draw up resolutions for what to eat, it’s useful to look at new data on vitamin D．Calcium is the key clement for building bones, and vitamin D helps to absorb calcium from the food we cat, so doctors often recommend D supplements (补充剂) to make up for age-related bone loss.But a recent study found that taking D supplements for five years did not reduce the rate of fractures in seniors. That result built on earlier findings, led by the same team, that these supplements do not improve bone density (密度). “Food and sun exposure likely provide enough vitamin D for healthy adults,” says Meryl LeBoff, who led the study.What does help maintain strong bones for all of us? The easy answer is food high in calcium, such as milk and tofu. Getting it from food is best, LeBoff says, “because there are so many other nutrients (营养物质), and you have a more continuous absorption than with D supplements.”The other key element of bone health involves calories out rather than calories in. Weight-bearing exercise stimulates bone formation throughout life. So while focusing on better nutritional choices, add more exercise to your daily menu.32．What do the statistics in paragraph 1 emphasize?A．The seriousness of bone problems.B．The concern about senior citizens.C．The confusion about strengthening bones.D．The importance of having a balanced diet.33．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 imply?A．Diet research is no longer a challenge.B．We’ve made resolutions to study diets.C．Findings on bone health prove to be similar.D．We begin to agree on ways to keep bones healthy.34．What can be inferred from the recent study?A．People can absorb vitamin D in food easily.B．The findings go against LeBoffs earlier ones.C．D supplements play a minor role than expected.D．Fractures are linked with weight-bearing exercise.35．What is a suitable title for the text?A．A recipe for better bones B．Your bones cry!C．The magic of D supplements D．Vitamin D wins! 8.【2023届江苏省苏北七市高三二模英语试题】When she first came to Britain as a refugee (难民) from Nigeria six years ago, Kemi had a three-month-old daughter, a room in a shared house and ￡5.39 to survive on each day. Finding money for new clothes was out of the question.After four years, Kemi was granted (给与) refugee status and secured her first job interview — unsurprisingly, she had nothing to wear. However, she was referred to a small social enterprise called Give Your Best, which asked her her size and what kind of clothes she liked. “And they gave me three beautiful shirts. Those clothes were like gold to me. They asked me what I actually wanted. That makes you feel valued.”The initiative was launched by Sol Escobar, who had spent several years volunteering at refugee camps in northern France. A friend put her in contact with a household of refugee women who couldn’t access any clothing. Escobar realised she had surplus (剩余) clothes she could donate, and appealed to her friends and networks for help. She was flooded with offers, but didn’t want to overload the women with potentially improper clothing. “So I thought, if I take photos of all of these items and put them on an Instagram page, they can all choose the things that they actually want.”Eighteen months later, Give Your Best has processed almost 11,000 items of clothing, and has more than 800 refugee women approved to “shop” for free on its virtual shopfront. It is aiming for much more, however. Having reached the very limit of donations and requests it could handle through Instagram, the enterprise has just launched a new digital platform that will allow it to hugely upscale.Like the hugely successful clothing resale app, clothes are photographed and uploaded to Give Your Best, where customers select those they like and donors then post the item. Crucially, however, no money changes hands.As well as giving choice to its users and minimising fashion waste, Escobar says one consequence has been the small but intimate (亲密的) connections established between donor and shopper. Many donors choose to include a supportive note and a small gift — hugely welcomed by recipients (接受者), but also a reminder that “on the other side of your package, there’s a woman who is your size and has your fashion sense, because she’s shopping from your wardrobe (衣橱)”.8．What’s the purpose of the enterprise?A．To offer job training to refugees.B．To provide childcare for refugees.C．To give refugees dignity of choice.D．To strengthen refugees’ social position.9．What does paragraph 3 focus on?A．How the enterprise survived.B．How the enterprise advertised.C．How the enterprise was named.D．How the enterprise was initiated.10．What do we learn about the enterprise from the text?A．It is warmly received.B．It is difficult to operate.C．It makes huge profits.D．It needs to be more creative.11．What does the enterprise bring to its donors and recipients?A．Enjoyable shopping experience.B．A sense of social responsibility.C．Close interpersonal relationship.D．A good insight into fashion trend. 9.【2023届辽宁省鞍山市高三第二次质量监测英语试题】Some people worry about robots taking work away from human beings, but there are a few jobs that even these people admit most of us would not want. One is cleaning up radioactive waste, particularly when it is inside a nuclear power station. So, send in the robots? In 2011 the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station in Japan suffered a series of meltdowns after its safety systems failed following a tsunami. Robots were then sent into it to monitor radiation levels and start cleaning things up. Many got stuck, broke down or had their circuits fried by the intense radiation. Stopping such things happening again is part of the work of the National Centre for Nuclear Robotics (NCNR). It is led by Rustam Stolkin of the University of Birmingham, and its purpose is to improve the routine use of robotics in nuclear power stations. One problem with the robots sent into the ruins of Fukushima Daiichi was that they were not particularly clever. Most were operated by someone at a safe distance. Such machines’ arms are tricky to move accurately when viewed via a video screen. Dr. Stolkin believes the answer is to equip them with artificial intelligence (AI), so that they can operate by themselves. The nuclear industry, however, is extremely prudent. So, for the moment, AI is needed to assist human operators. For example, instead of relying on a remote human operator to operate all its controls, an AI-equipped robot faced with a pile of different objects to move would use a camera to understand those objects’ shapes and positions relative to one another. It could then plan how best to grasp each object and move it to a properly designed disposal skip. Other members of NCNR are examining different aspects of the problem. At the University of Bristol, Tom Scott leads a group working on means for robots to identify materials, including various sorts of plastic. Gerhard Neumann of the University of Lincoln is developing advanced navigation systems. And to ensure robots’ circuits don’t get fried, Klaus McDonald Maier at the University of Essex is developing electronics to fight against the effects of radiation.8．How did the robots perform at Fukushima Daiichi in 2011?A．They were not capable of the task. B．They cleaned up the waste in time.C．They were not affected by radiation. D．They found it hard to identify materials.9．What does the underlined word “prudent” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A．Admiring. B．Cautious. C．Successful. D．Independent.10．Which university is trying to help robots find out what objects are made of?A．The University of Birmingham. B．The University of Lincoln.C．The University of Bristol. D．The University of Essex.11．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Will AI robots threaten more jobs? B．Could robots replace human beings?C．Extreme robotics: cleaning up nuclear waste D．Nuclear robotics: speeding up the exploration 10.【2023届江苏省苏州八校联盟高三二模检测试题】Nowadays, bamboo growth cycles and the dietary needs of lemurs (狐猴) are out of sync. Findings show rainfalls are changing annually. Over the past two years, there has been a three-month delay in the rainy season and new tender shoots that lemurs consume for nutrition are appearing in January and February—14 days after the first rainfall, says Patricia Chapple Wright, a primatologist, anthropologist, and conservationist at Stony Brook University. “Lemurs eat a food source that is very adaptive,” Patricia Wright told PBS NewsHour. “It’s able to stand climate change, but the lemurs, unfortunately, can’t adapt quickly to this changed cycle.”Since baby lemurs are born in November, the delayed rainy season is dangerously affecting the survival of them for lack of nutrition available for both the mothers and offspring. “This is why, for extreme feeding specialists like the greater bamboo lemur, climate change can be an unknowing killer,” Wright says. “Making the lemurs rely on bamboo stems(茎) for just a bit longer may be enough to tip the balance from existence to extinction.” The lemurs’ highly specialized teeth are also similar to the pandas’ teeth. Both are the mammals able to chew up stems. But this diet can’t last for more than a season or two because the stems can wear away their teeth.The researchers believe that climate change is affecting the lemurs. The fossil record shows that the lemurs once lived throughout the island. Today, the mammals are cornered on the eastern side, where the dry season at present is the shortest. And if people continue the deforestation practice in the area, the lemurs will have nowhere to go.The situation is serious, so Wright and her colleagues plan to create bamboo corridors within the rainforests, which will provide available bamboo to eat. They want to work with local villagers to plant more bamboo and manage automatic watering systems when dry seasons last long. They also want to build the local economy by allowing people to harvest a part of bamboo while the rest remains with the lemurs, so people will be interested. Wright’s conservation plans include moving lemurs back to other places on the island as well.8．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?A．Go with each other. B．Occur at different times.C．Lead to a heated discussion. D．Call for effective protection.9．Why will lemurs get hungry if the dry season continues?A．They may run out of bamboo.B．They can’t adapt to the hot season.C．They dislike the less delicious stems.D．They can’t chew the stems for a long period.10．What mainly caused the living area of lemurs to narrow?A．The climate change. B．Their teeth protection.C．The decreasing forest. D．Their special dietary habits.11．Which of the following may Wright approve of to protect lemurs?A．Shortening the dry season.B．Forbidding the cutting of bamboo.C．Strengthening people’s motivation.D．Finding other islands for lemurs to live on.