初中英语中考考点词汇精讲(共15个)
展开中考英语考点词汇精讲
1.anywhere
anywhere是副词,意为“在任何地方”,常用在否定句或疑问句中,而在肯定句中,则多用somewhere。例如:
He can’t find his English book anywhere.他到处找不到他的英语书。
I think he must live somewhere.我觉得他肯定住在某个地方。
2.few
few 意为“少数的;很少的”,只修饰可数名词,表否定含义。例如:
I can see few birds in the tree.我几乎看不到树上有鸟。
a few 意为“几个;少许” 相当于several,只修饰可数名词复数,表肯定含义。例如:
He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。
【拓展】
(1)little 意为“很少;一点儿”,用于 “量;额;价值”等概念,修饰不可数名词,表否定含义。little还表示“小的”之意。例如:
There is little milk in the cup.杯子里没有牛奶了。
A little boy is coming.一个小男孩过来了。
(2)a little 意为“有点儿;少量” 修饰不可数名词,表示肯定含义。例如:
He has a little money with him.他随身带了点儿钱。
a little也可以用作副词,修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语,表示“有点,稍稍”。例如:
He is a little tired.他有点累了。
You should walk a little faster.你应该走快一点。
She was only a little over fifty years old.她才五十多一点。
(3)相关短语:
quite a few = not a few 相当多的
quite a little许多
only a little = but a little 相当少
3.most
(1)most后可直接跟名词(可数或不可数),同时,也可接有形容词修饰的名词。例如:
Most boys like playing football.大部分男孩都喜欢踢足球。
(2)most前有定冠词时,可用来修饰多音节形容词,表示最高级,意为“最”。但是,如果most前有不定冠词a,则表示“非常;很”,相当于very。例如:
This is the most beautiful flower.这是最漂亮的花。
She is a most beautiful girl.她是个非常漂亮的姑娘。
(3)most后不能直接跟有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词所修饰的名词,用most of代替most。例如:
I did most of that difficult work.那件困难的工作绝大部分都是由我做的。
Most of the time we eat fish.绝大部分时间我们都吃鱼肉。
【拓展】
(1)almost = very nearly,指在程度上相差很少,almost可与no,none,nothing,never,nobody等表示否定意义的词连用。例如:
I almost missed the flight.我差一点误了航班。
Almost no one believed what he said.几乎没人相信他的话。
(2)mostly=mainly 意为“大部分、主要地”。例如:
The students in our class are mostly from the factory.我们班的学生主要来自这家工厂。
His stories were mostly about his travels in foreign countries.
他的故事大多是关于他在国外旅游的经历
4.bored
bored也是形容词,意为“感到厌烦的”,一般用来说明人的感受。例如:
I’m bored with the book.我对这本书厌烦了。
【拓展】
(1)boring是形容词,意为“令人厌烦的”,一般用来说明事物的特征。例如:
The story is boring.这个故事令人厌烦。
(2)英语中,带-ing的形容词,用来形容事物,指某事物的性质、特征,意为“令人……的”“让人……的”,常用事物作主语或作定语修饰物。而带-ed的是用来形容人的,意为“感到……的”“使人……的”,其主语是人,类似的词有:
exciting 令人兴奋的/ interesting 令人感兴趣的/
moving 令人感动的/ tiring 令人厌倦的
excited (人)感到兴奋的/ interested(人)感兴趣的/
moved(人)感动的/ tired(人)感到疲倦/累/厌烦的
5.decide
decide是动词,意为“决定,选定”。常见用法有:
(1)decide sth.意为“决定某事”。 例如:
I can’t decide anything at the moment.现在我不能做出任何决定。
(2)decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。例如:
We decide to go to Paris next month.我们决定下个月去巴黎。
The boy decided to be a sailor.那男孩决定做海员。
The doctors decided to operate on him for the tumor.医生们决定为他开刀切除肿瘤。
【拓展】
decide on…意为“由……决定;决定于……”。后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。例如:
I decided on going to Beijing at last.最后我决定去北京了。
My mother decided on the red dress.我妈妈决定买下那件红色的裙子。
6.enough
(1)enough作形容词,意为“充足的,充分的,足够的”,可作表语或定语,作定语时,可放在名词的前面或后面。例如:
The food is enough for the trip.用于这次旅行的食物足够了。
I have enough time to watch TV.我有足够的时间看电视。
(2)enough还可作副词,意为“足够地”,这时enough需放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。例如:
The young man is strong enough to carry the heavy bag.那个年轻人足够强壮能搬动重包。
【拓展】
(1)enough…to do sth.“有足够的……做某事”。例如:
I don’t have enough time to eat lunch.我没有足够的时间吃午饭。
(2)…enough to do…可以同too…to…或so…that…结构互相转换。例如:
He isn’t old enough to go to school.= He is too young to go to school.= He is so young that he can’t go to school.他太小而不能上学。
7.seem
seem是系动词,意为“好像,似乎,看来”,后常接形容词。例如:
He seems very angry.他好像非常生气。
【拓展】
seem的用法归纳:
(1)seem + 名词 例如:
He seems a nice man.他看起来是个好人。
(2)seem like…意为“好像,似乎……”。 例如:
It seemed like not a bad idea at that time.那时这主意好像不错。
(3)seem to do sth.意为“似乎、看来、好像做某事”。例如:
I seem to have left my book at home.我好像把书忘在家里了。
(4)It seems that…或It seemed that…意为“看起来好像……,似乎……”。例如:
It seemed that he was very happy.他看上去好像很高兴。
(5)seem to be + 形容词或名词 例如:
She seems to be happy.她看起来很高兴。
8.try
try to do sth.意为“设法去做某事,尽量去做某事”,其否定形式为try not to do sth.。例如:
Try not to be late again.尽量别再迟到了。
Try to get here in two hours.尽量在两小时之内到达。
【拓展】
(1)try doing sth.意为“试着做某事”,强调尝试做某事。例如:
You should try eating more vegetables.你应当试着多吃点蔬菜。
(2)try one’s best to do sth.意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。例如:
We should try our best to finish the work on time.我们应该尽最大努力准时完成这项工作。
(3)try 构成的短语:
try sth.on 试穿
try out sth.试验、检验
have a try 试一试
try for sth.试图获得某物
try one’s best 尽某人最大努力
9.maybe
maybe是副词,意思是“也许,可能”,在句中作状语,相当于perhaps,常位于句首。例如:
Maybe she’ll come this afternoon.她可能今天下午来。
Maybe you put the letter in your pockets.大概你把信放在衣袋里了。
【拓展】
(1)maybe和may be的辨析:
maybe是副词,而在may be中,may是情态动词,be是动词原形,两者构成完整的谓语形式,与主语形成系表结构,意为“也许是、可能是”。例如:
I can’t find my watch.It may be in your pocket.
我找不到我的手表了,它可能在你的口袋里。
He may be a soldier.他可能是军人。
(2)maybe和may be可相互转换。例如:
He may be in the office.= Maybe he is in the office.他或许在办公室。
You may be right.= Maybe you are right.你或许是对的。
10.although
although的意思相当于though,意为“尽管,虽然”,用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but; and; so等连用,但可以和yet; still等词连用。例如:
Although he lives alone, he doesn’t feel lonely.= He lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.
虽然他一个人住,但他并不感到孤独。
There is air all around us, although we cannot see it.
虽然我们看不见空气,但空气却存在于我们的周围。
【拓展】although与though的辨析:
(1)用作连词,表示“虽然”,二者可以互换使用,但although比though更为正式。例如:
Though/Although it was raining, we still went there.
虽然下着雨,但我们还是去了那里。
(2)although一般不用作副词,而though可用作副词,且一般放在句末(不放在句首),意为“可是,不过”。例如:
It’s hard work; I enjoy it, though.工作很辛苦,可是我很喜欢。
We all tried our best.We lost the game, though.
我们都尽了最大努力,但我们还是输了。
(3)在as though(好像,仿佛),even though(即使,纵然)等固定短语中不能用although。例如:
He talks as though he knows everything.他夸夸其谈,好像无所不知。
11.die
die是动词,意为“死亡”,是短暂性动作,常用于过去时中,过去式为died。例如:
Plants and people will die without water.没有水,植物和人都会死。
His father died two years ago.他的父亲两年前去世的。
【拓展】die有多个变形词:
| ||||
词条 | 词性 | 词义 | 所作成分 | 用法 |
dead | 形容词 | 死了的,无生命的 | 表语、定语 | 可以与段时间连用 |
die | 动词 | 死,死亡 | 谓语 | 不能与段时间连用 |
death | 名词 | 死亡,去世 | 主语、宾语 |
|
dying | 形容词 | 垂死的,即将死去的 | 表语、定语 |
|
例如:
The tree has been dead for ten years.这棵树死了10年了。
She looked at her dead cat sadly.她伤心地看着她死去的猫。
My grandpa died two years ago.我爷爷两年前去世了。
The fish will die without water.鱼离开水会死去。
Car accidents have caused a lot of deaths.车祸造成很多人死亡。
The doctors have saved the dying man.医生们救活了那个垂死的人。
12.however&but
however和 but都意为“可是,但是”;但是用法不同。
(1)however不能直接连接两个分句,必须另起新句,并用逗号隔开。例如:
It was raining hard.However, we went out to look for the boy.
雨下得很大,然而我们还是出去寻找那个孩子。
(2)but是并列连词,连接两个并列分句,后面不用逗号,前后两句在总的意义上构成了对比。例如:
I really don't like cheese, but I will try just a little this time.
我实在是不喜欢吃奶酪,但是这次我要尝一点。
(3)however比but用的场合更正式, 因此however用于书面语,而but 常用于口语。另外, however的意思还不只局限于“但是;然而”,它还有其他的用法。例如:
However hard I worked, she was never satisfied.
无论我多么努力地工作,她从来没满意过。
However did you get here without a car?
没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢?
13.hardly&hard
hardly和hard形式上很接近,但意义截然不同。
(1)hardly是表频率的副词,意为“几乎不;几乎没有”,相当于almost not。例如:
There is hardly any coffee left.= There’s almost no coffee left.几乎没有剩余的咖啡了。
(2)hard作形容词时,意为“困难的;硬的;勤奋的;严厉的;苛刻的”。hard作副词时常用来表示程度,意为“努力地;猛烈地;剧烈地”。例如:
This ground is too hard to dig.这块地太硬,挖不动。
They tried hard to succeed.他们努力工作,以求得成功。
【拓展】常见的表示频度的副词:
(1)always 的频度为100%,表示动作重复、状态继续,中间没有间断,意思是“总是”、“永远地”。例如:
The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳总是东升西落。
(2)usually 的频度为70%左右,意为“通常”、“平常”,即很少有例外。例如:
He usually goes to bed at ten o’clock.他通常10点钟睡觉。
(3)often 的频度为50%左右,意为“常常”,但不如usually那么频繁,表示动作重复,中间有间断。例如:
He is often late for school.他上学经常迟到。
(4)sometimes 的频度为20%左右,意为“有时”,表示动作偶尔发生。可以位于句首,以示强调。例如:
It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold.天气忽冷忽热。
Sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that way. 他有时这样做,有时那样做。
(5)hardly ever 的频度为5%左右,意为“几乎不”、“偶尔”。例如:
I hardly ever go out these days.这些天我几乎不出门。
(6)never 的频度为0,意为“从来不”、“永不”。例如:
My parents are never late for work.我父母上班从来不迟到。
14.exercise
(1)作不及物动词,意为“锻炼、运动”。例如:
-How often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次?
-I exercise every day.我每天都锻炼。
(2)作不可数名词,意为“锻炼、运动”,常与动词take连用。例如:
Exercise makes me keep healthy.运动使我保持健康。
(3)作可数名词,意为“练习;操”。例如:
We do morning exercises every day.我们每天做早操。
We do English exercises to help us learn English well.我们做英语练习以便学好英语。
15.health
health为名词,意为“健康”,其形容形式为healthy,意为“健康的”。unhealthy意为“不健康的,是healthy的反义词。healthily是“健康地”,是副词。
在名词词尾加y构成形容词,类似的词还有:
rain—rainy 雨—下雨的 sun—sunny 太阳—晴朗的
luck—lucky 幸运—幸运的 wind—windy 风—刮风的
16.once / twice
once“一次”,twice“两次”,在英语中三次或三次以上通常用“基数词+times”表示,time在这里为可数名词,意为“次数”,复数加s。例如:
I wash my face twice a day.我每天洗两次脸。
He has been there four times.他去过那里四次。