2023届浙江省杭州市第二中学91高中联盟高三5月高考考前模拟英语试卷含解析

这是一份2023届浙江省杭州市第二中学91高中联盟高三5月高考考前模拟英语试卷含解析，共44页。

 2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语模拟卷
考生须知：
1.本试卷考试时间120分钟，满分150分：
2.答题前，在答题纸上写上姓名和准考证号：
3.必须在答题纸的对应答题位置上答题，写在其他地方无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和下一小题。
1. Why is the woman talking to the man?
A. To check some information. B. To hand in a wallet. C. To meet the owner of the wallet.
2. What kind of bananas does the woman want?
A. The green ones. B. The pure yellow ones. C. The ripe ones with brown spots.
3. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Professor and assistant. B. Teacher and student. C. Manager and secretary.
4. Where are the speakers?
A. In a bookstore. B. In a library. C. In a classroom.
5. What does the man plan to do on Thursday?
A. Go to a talk show. B. Review for his test. C. Give his brother a hand.
第二节 听下面五段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题
6. What will the man use his laptop for?
A. Playing games. B. Taking notes in class. C. Searching for information.
7. What does the woman ask the man to do first?
A. Use her laptop. B. Get a part-time job. C. Clean his room.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题
8. Who does the camp especially target at?
A. Children who love tennis.
B. Children who love swimming.
C. Children who love art.
9. Which camp can Mike go to?
A. Advantage Day Camp. B. Advantage Junior Camp. C. Advantage QuickStart Camp.
10. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Neighbors. B. Teacher and student. C. Husband and wife.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题
11. Why does the woman talk to John?
A To make an invitation. B. To pass on Jenny’s message. C. To learn about a cafe nearby.
12. What makes the woman dislike about the cafe?
A. A limited variety of food. B. A bad experience. C. The crowded people.
13. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A In an office building. B. At a school. C. At home.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题
14. When did the man win a local photo competition?
A. At the age of eight. B. At the age of twelve. C. At the age of twenty.
15. What was the weather like when the photo was taken?
A. Rainy. B. Windy. C. Sunny.
16. What was the picture about?
A. Kids watering plants. B. Kids playing in the water. C. Kids walking along the road.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题
17. Where are giant otters least likely to be seen in the wild?
A. In Brazil. B. In Paraguay. C. In Argentina.
18. What were RAF workers doing in Bermejo River that day?
A. Taking a boat trip. B. Doing some research. C. Looking for giant otters.
19. Why are scientists excited about the discovery?
A. The environment has no effect on giant otters.
B. There are suitable habitats for giant otters.
C. Giant otters can be raised by human beings.
20. What is the local government’s attitude toward protecting the otters?
A. Disapproving. B. Ambiguous. C. Supportive.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Paris, best-known as the city of love, is also the city of book lovers! Here are four literary landmarks you should not miss.
Brasserie Lipp
151 Boulevard Saint-Germain
This brasserie has long been a popular bar for creatives. In its early days it was popular among actors from a nearby theatre group called Vieux-Colombier. Later, writers came in droves. Marcellin Cazes, who took over ownership in 1918, created the literary prize Prix Cazes to reward authors not successful in literary competitions before. It has been staged annually since it began in 1935.
Boquinistes
Right Bank and Left Bank of the River Seine
The boquinistes are riverside booksellers who have been around since the 16th century. These booksellers began as somewhat lawless figures, disliked by the authorities as they were able to get around the censorship (审查) rules. In the mid-19th century they were granted licenses to sell books, and now they are a major sight along the Seine. They feature on France’s list of intangible (非物质的) cultural heritage.
Père Lachaise
8 Boulevard de Menilmontant
When it first opened, this cemetery was not a popular burial spot. It was some way away from the city centre and it had not been blessed by the church. In a marketing ploy, the cemetery acquired the remains of some notable literary figures. In decades, the cemetery had become the final resting place of many writers, including Balzac and Gertrude Stein.
Le Procope
13 Rue de l’Ancienne Comédie
Le Procope was opened in 1686 by Sicilian chef Francesco and is still on business. Located across the road from a theatre, it became a hotspot for actors, playwrights and poets. Voltaire was said to drink 40 cups of coffee a day while he worked at a table at the cafe.
1. Who was the prize Prix Cazes intended for?
A. Notable literary figures. B. Actors from Vieux-Colombier.
C. Booksellers on the Seine. D. Losers in literary competition.
2. What makes Boquinistes distinctive?
A. Their popularity among creatives. B. A perfect option for book shoppers.
C. Being intangible cultural heritage. D. Playwrights and poets’ favour.
3. Of the four literary landmarks, which can not be a consumption spot for visitors?
A. Brasserie Lipp B. Boquinistes
C. Père Lachaise D. Le Procope
B
Caroline Tegeret comes from a small village in the remote area of Kenya. Her academic journey began like many others though filled with tremendous difficulties. The biggest challenges Tegeret had to face was the financial one since seeking law as a career is expensive. Coming from a community where girls barely get past high school doesn’t lighten the load in any way either.
Upon graduating in 2017, she joined Kenya School of Law in 2018. After college, she qualified herself as a lawyer of the High Court of Kenya on July 2. 2020. “My dream to pursue a career in law began way back in high school when I developed an interest in law,” she said. What was her driving force? For Tegeret, it was the fact that in terms of development, her community was, and still is, far behind.
Her community has high illiteracy levels where plenty of girls have no opportunity to attend school. Terrible cultural practices like early marriage are still very common, robbing the youth of the opportunities to be educated. She knew quite early that for her to be able to bring change to the community, she needed to be equipped with the right tools through education and knowledge of the law.
As she burned the midnight oil, studying piles of history books and law cases, the memory of her father further inspired her. Her father’s determination gave her strength and motivation to pursue her dream. Coming from a humble background, he stood out for her as an example of life’s possibilities as he was able to succeed in his teaching career.
Tegeret wants to work with NGOs and government agencies to promote the rights of the minority. Her desire grows stronger when she finds many people can’t speak for themselves. She wants to raise their voice and make them heard by the authorities.
Her remarkable achievement is a source of encouragement to many young girls whose dreams look too big compared to their life’s circumstances. She wants to let them know they, too, have rights to choose their intended life.
4. What problem did Caroline Tegeret have in pursuing her dream?
A. Her poor financial condition. B. Her early marriage engagement.
C. The remote location of her family. D. High illiteracy levels of the community.
5. Why did Caroline seek to be educated in law?
A. To pursue her dream of law career. B. To live up to her father’s expectation.
C. To entitle herself with lots of rights. D. To change her community for the better.
6. What adjectives can best describe Caroline?
A. Humble and consistent. B. Hardworking and ambitious.
C. Enterprising and humorous. D. Considerate and helpful.
7. What can be the suitable title of the passage?
A. Pursue a law career B. Be a community reformer
C. Meet a female lawyer D. Struggle for female rights
C
China’s fertility (生育) rate is on a downward trend and the average family size has been shrinking over the years, a senior official said on Saturday, calling for comprehensive measures to encourage marriage and childbearing.
Data shows that there was 2.62 people per family in China in 2020, down by 0.48 from 2010, according to Wang Pei’an, deputy director of the China Family Planning Association.
“Currently, the perspective on marriage and starting a family among young generations is changing, and the trend toward having smaller families is becoming more obvious,” he remarked at the third China Population and Development Forum held in Beijing.
The shift has resulted in delays in marriage, having children and even a resistance of such rituals, which he said is the primary reason for China’s declining fertility level.
A survey shows that women planned to have 1.64 babies in 2021, down from 1.76 in 2017. For people born in the 1990s and 2000s, their ideal number of babies was only 1.54 and 1.48 respectively.
Furthermore, the percentage of women who have no children over their lifetime increased from 6.1 percent in 2015 to 10 percent in 2020.
“A survey shows that less than 70 percent of women aged 35 and under agree that a life with children is complete,” he said, adding that given the low fertility rate in China, it would be extremely difficult to raise the fertility without strengthened efforts to foster a longing for marriage and family.
Wang suggested devoting more efforts to the promotion of getting married and having children at proper ages and sharing family responsibilities between men and women.
He also called for advancing flexible working hours, and developing nursery care and elderly care industries.
He added that a range of policies from household registration and employment rules to medical insurance and social security regulations should be geared toward “protecting marriages and families.”
8 Why are the numbers listed in paragraph 5?
A To applaud women’s will to have babies.
B. To show the influence of delayed marriage.
C. To present diverse attitudes to childbearing.
D. To reason for the decline of China’s fertility.
9. What does the word “foster” mean in Para.7?
A. polish B. raise C. attain D. tackle
10. Which of the following may help raise the fertility according to Wang?
A. Shared responsibilities in family. B. Shortened working hours.
C. Regulated nursery care industry. D. Advanced medical facilities.
11. What is the purpose of the article?
A. To raise the problem of birth rate fall. B. To correct people’s view of marriage.
C. To call for measures to boost fertility. D. To promote the benefits of childbearing.
D
The human thirst for knowledge is the driving force behind our successful development as a species. But curiosity can also be dangerous leading to setbacks (挫折) or even downfalls. Given curiosity’s complexity, scientists have found it hard to define.
While determining a definition has proven tricky, the general consensus is it’s some means of information gathering. Psychologists also agree curiosity is intrinsically (内在地) motivated.
Curiosity covers such a large set of behaviors that there probably isn’t any single “curiosity gene” that makes humans wonder about and explore their environment. That said, curiosity does have a genetic component. Genes and the environment interact in many complex ways to shape individuals and guide their behavior, including their curiosity.
Regardless of their genetic makeup, infants have to learn an incredible amount of information in a short time, and curiosity is one of the tools humans have found to accomplish that huge task.
Hundreds of studies show that infants prefer novelty. It’s what motivates non-human animals, human infants and probably human adults to explore and seek out new things before growing less interested in them after continued exposure.
But curiosity often comes with a cost.
In some situations, the stakes are low and failure is a healthy part of growth. For instance, many babies are perfectly capable crawlers, but they decide to try walking because there’s more to see and do when they stand upright. But this milestone comes at a small cost. A study of 12- to 19-month-olds learning how to walk documented that these children fell down a lot. Seventeen times per hour, to be exact. But walking is faster than crawling, so this motivates expert crawlers to transition to walking.
Sometimes, however, testing out a new idea can lead to disaster. For instance, the Inuit people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of living in northern climates, but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes.
12. What does the author say about curiosity?
A. It is too complex to understand. B. It pushes human society forward.
C. It is a unique quality of human. D. It always causes failures to human.
13. What is the general understanding of curiosity?
A. It motivates people to seek information. B. It is certain to transform human genes.
C. It does people more good than harm. D. It grounds all human behaviors.
14. What do numerous studies show about infants?
A. Genes determine people’s way of thinking. B. Infants are far more curious than adults.
C. Genes account for age differences in learning. D. Infants prefer to go after all that is novel.
15. Why does the author mention the Inuit people?
A. To prove how curiosity helped them survive.
B. To show curiosity may come with a high price.
C. To describe why Inuit people needed curiosity.
D. To show how Inuit people overcame the challenges.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
ChatGPT is a powerful chatbot developed by OpenAI and launched in November 2022. Built on top of OpenAI’s GPT-3 family of large language models, it engages in human-like dialogue directed by prompting (提示). ____16____
ChatGPT has numerous potential uses. But from a scientific point of view, there is a need to closely watch the development of technologies like ChatGPT before reaching a conclusion about their impacts. ____17____ So we should not fear ChatGPT will take up humans’ jobs overnight.
ChatGPT’s performance is being improved. ____18____ However, it still has a long way to go to completely imitate the human mind and language competence. When it comes to professional writing, ChatGPT’s answers at times seem reasonable but actually incorrect or meaningless. It might give some good answers to general questions, yet it is no substitute for professional advice.
____19____ It is a kind of groundbreaking research, but its potential risks have not been thoroughly studied. It is still a new technology that we need to study, but should not over-rate (高评). It’s even unwise to blindly commit huge amounts of money to further develop ChatGPT, because it may not turn out to be successful and create bubbles in the high-tech market.
China has developed its own large-scale language models, such as Huawei’s Pangu NLP models, Baidu’s ERNIE, Tencent’s HUNYUAN NLP models, and Alibaba’s AliceMind. ____20____ China needs more special models in specific fields, such as the modern Chinese language, ancient Chinese language, minority languages, and dialects, to break the language barrier among people.
A. Technology progresses step by step.
B. It is important to view ChatGPT objectively.
C. ChatGPT is still a product with very limited application.
D. It is designed to respond in a natural, understandable way.
E. But these models need to focus more on deeper technologies.
F. It has made quite some progress in natural language processing.
G. ChatGPT can accurately decide which word comes next in a sentence.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was a dream born in fire. Andrea Peterson was 5 when she and her mother were trapped in a burning building.
“Throw the kid down!” said the firemen ____21____. Little Andrea jumped into lifesaving arms and also a lifelong ____22____: She wanted to fight fires like her rescuers did.
She told that to the firemen but they just ____23____ good-naturedly like grown-ups often do when kids talk about their big ____24____. You know, it was back in a time when girls weren’t even allowed to ____25____ such grand goals.
“You’ll be a good mommy,” the firemen told her. “You’ll be a good teacher, maybe you’ll be a nurse, but you can never be a(an) ____26____.”
As it often happened, reality ____27____ her dream. She was sent to a flight school, ____28____ she met her husband, Dennis, who was later diagnosed with cancer. Peterson spent 31 years ____29____ him. In 2007, when Dennis was coming to the end of his struggle, he was at peace _____30_____ worried for Peterson: “But what are you going to do?”
“I’ll be fine,” she told him.
At 61, Peterson went on an ambulance ride-along. She felt that long-ago childhood _____31_____. She earned her emergency medical technician _____32_____ and responded to fire calls with the ambulance. Her years of tending to Dennis had _____33_____ her for dealing with various hurts and ills.
After a year, she told her boss she wanted to be a firefighter.
In the firefighter training unit, everyone else was between 18 and 21, but it didn’t _____34_____ Peterson. She passed the written test, cleared the physical and, _____35_____, that little girl’s dream came true.
21. A. above B. beside C. around D. below
22. A. expectation B. ambition C. destination D. inspiration
23. A. laughed B. supported C. criticized D. neglected
24. A. attempts B. purposes C. dreams D. arrangements
25. A. figure B. anticipate C. guess D. imagine
26. A. rescuer B. astronaut C. fireman D. sportsman
27. A. failed B. achieved C. followed D. realized
28. A. what B. where C. when D. why
29. A. coping with B. relying on C. caring for D. facing to
30. A. therefore B. still C. otherwise D. yet
31. A. feeling B. saying C. meaning D. calling
32. A. passport B. allowance C. license D. reputation
33. A. prepared B. supplied C. excused D. applauded
34. A. disappoint B. discourage C. discriminate D. dismiss
35. A. definitely B. gradually C. eventually D. constantly
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinadaily—Feb.9,2023. Civilian rescue workers across the nation are rushing to join China’s official rescue team to find ____36____(survive) from the ruins of destroyed buildings in Turkey, hit by a major earthquake of 7.8 magnitude(震级) on Monday, Feb. 6th.
____37____ powerful earthquake caused severe and widespread destruction and damage in Turkey and neighboring Syria at 4:17 am local time on Monday, followed by hundreds of aftershocks, ____38____(claim) more than 11,000 lives in the two nations as of Wednesday.
Many civilian teams actively joined rescue work ____39____ China increased its aid to Turkey and neighboring Syria. Among the civilian teams that left for Turkey on Wednesday ____40____(be) Blue Sky Rescue, a nonprofit Chinese civilian organization, ____41____ members come from provincial-level regions of China. Besides, the China’s 82-member official rescue team, with large amounts of disaster relief materials and equipment ____42____ board, landed in Adana in southern Turkey at 4:30 am local time on Wednesday. The Chinese team, with certification from the UN, ____43____(comprise) high-quality and well-equipped personnel with the capacity to carry out search and rescue operations ____44____(efficient) at the same time in two locations. Overseas branches of Chinese companies are also lending a helping hand. Chinese machinery giant Xu-zhou Construction Machinery Group has assigned its branch in Turkey to join the relief efforts, with dozens of pieces of equipment _____45_____(station) to help in the rescue work.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，你的外国朋友John在给你的电子邮件中问及了你家乡的情况，请你给他写一封电子邮件，告诉他你家乡近十年的一些变化。内容包括：
1.主要变化;
2.变化的原因;
3.邀请再访。
注意：
1.文中不得出现真实地名，写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear John,
Nice to receive your email!
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a Friday evening in December, two weeks before Christmas, I lost my job. I hadn’t seen it coming. I was excited for the weekend, when my daughter, Kristil, then 12, and I planned to get our Christmas tree. Then I listened to my voicemail: We’re sorry but your work assignment has ended as of today. My heart sank.
I wasn’t just a single parent; I was the only parent. My paycheck was survival. The next day as we searched for our tree, I struggled to be cheerful as I eyed each price tag.
“Is everything OK?” Kristil asked. “You seem worried.”
“Absolutely not,” I told her.
Over the next week, I furiously((玩命地) applied for jobs as my bank account grew smaller. I felt as if the world was closing in on me. On a weekend afternoon, I dropped Kristil in a wealthy gated community for a birthday party. I watched as she went in, surrounded by all the nice things we couldn’t afford. I drove home defeated
Back at home. I glanced out window It had en snowing on and off all morning. I noticed a petite(娇小) woman with short white hair struggling to open her car door against the wind. As she got out, I realized it was my old professor, Sister Esther Heffernan. I hadn’t seen her since we’d met for lunch thre months ago.
I’d first met Sister Esther 10 years earlier when I was her student at Edgewood College in Madison, Wisconsin. Kristil was 3 at the time, and I sometimes took her to class. Sister Esther was understanding and considerate. She would bring coloring books to occupy Kristil. Even after I graduated, Sister Esther kept in touch. I had grown to love her like family.
I rushed to the front of my building. “What are you doing out in this weather?” I asked as we hugged.
“Well, I tried to call last week but couldn’t get through. Then I called your job and they said you weren’t working there anymore, so I thought I would come by.” Sister Esther said. “I have gifts for you and Kristl.”
I made her a cup of tea, and we talked. Just being in Sister Esther’s presence gave me hope that things would be all right.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
As she got up to leave, she handed me a Christmas card.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On Christmas morning, Kristil and I gathered around our tree.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力答案：1-5 BCBAC 6-10 BCABC 11-15 CBABA 16-20 BCACB


2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语模拟卷
考生须知：
1.本试卷考试时间120分钟，满分150分：
2.答题前，在答题纸上写上姓名和准考证号：
3.必须在答题纸的对应答题位置上答题，写在其他地方无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和下一小题。
1. Why is the woman talking to the man?
A. To check some information. B. To hand in a wallet. C. To meet the owner of the wallet.
2. What kind of bananas does the woman want?
A. The green ones. B. The pure yellow ones. C. The ripe ones with brown spots.
3. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Professor and assistant. B. Teacher and student. C. Manager and secretary.
4. Where are the speakers?
A. In a bookstore. B. In a library. C. In a classroom.
5. What does the man plan to do on Thursday?
A. Go to a talk show. B. Review for his test. C. Give his brother a hand.
第二节 听下面五段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题
6. What will the man use his laptop for?
A. Playing games. B. Taking notes in class. C. Searching for information.
7. What does the woman ask the man to do first?
A. Use her laptop. B. Get a part-time job. C. Clean his room.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题
8. Who does the camp especially target at?
A. Children who love tennis.
B. Children who love swimming.
C. Children who love art.
9. Which camp can Mike go to?
A. Advantage Day Camp. B. Advantage Junior Camp. C. Advantage QuickStart Camp.
10. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Neighbors. B. Teacher and student. C. Husband and wife.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题
11. Why does the woman talk to John?
A. To make an invitation. B. To pass on Jenny’s message. C. To learn about a cafe nearby.
12. What makes the woman dislike about the cafe?
A. A limited variety of food. B. A bad experience. C. The crowded people.
13 Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In an office building. B. At a school. C. At home.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题
14. When did the man win a local photo competition?
A. At the age of eight. B. At the age of twelve. C. At the age of twenty.
15. What was the weather like when the photo was taken?
A. Rainy. B. Windy. C. Sunny.
16. What was the picture about?
A. Kids watering plants. B. Kids playing in the water. C. Kids walking along the road.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题
17. Where are giant otters least likely to be seen in the wild?
A. In Brazil. B. In Paraguay. C. In Argentina.
18. What were RAF workers doing in Bermejo River that day?
A. Taking a boat trip. B. Doing some research. C. Looking for giant otters.
19. Why are scientists excited about the discovery?
A. The environment has no effect on giant otters.
B. There are suitable habitats for giant otters.
C. Giant otters can be raised by human beings.
20. What is the local government’s attitude toward protecting the otters?
A. Disapproving. B. Ambiguous. C. Supportive.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Paris, best-known as the city of love, is also the city of book lovers! Here are four literary landmarks you should not miss.
Brasserie Lipp
151 Boulevard Saint-Germain
This brasserie has long been a popular bar for creatives. In its early days it was popular among actors from a nearby theatre group called Vieux-Colombier. Later, writers came in droves. Marcellin Cazes, who took over ownership in 1918, created the literary prize Prix Cazes to reward authors not successful in literary competitions before. It has been staged annually since it began in 1935.
Boquinistes
Right Bank and Left Bank of the River Seine
The boquinistes are riverside booksellers who have been around since the 16th century. These booksellers began as somewhat lawless figures, disliked by the authorities as they were able to get around the censorship (审查) rules. In the mid-19th century they were granted licenses to sell books, and now they are a major sight along the Seine. They feature on France’s list of intangible (非物质的) cultural heritage.
Père Lachaise
8 Boulevard de Menilmontant
When it first opened, this cemetery was not a popular burial spot. It was some way away from the city centre and it had not been blessed by the church. In a marketing ploy, the cemetery acquired the remains of some notable literary figures. In decades, the cemetery had become the final resting place of many writers, including Balzac and Gertrude Stein.
Le Procope
13 Rue de l’Ancienne Comédie
Le Procope was opened in 1686 by Sicilian chef Francesco and is still on business. Located across the road from a theatre, it became a hotspot for actors, playwrights and poets. Voltaire was said to drink 40 cups of coffee a day while he worked at a table at the cafe.
1. Who was the prize Prix Cazes intended for?
A. Notable literary figures. B. Actors from Vieux-Colombier.
C. Booksellers on the Seine. D. Losers in literary competition.
2. What makes Boquinistes distinctive?
A. Their popularity among creatives. B. A perfect option for book shoppers.
C. Being intangible cultural heritage. D. Playwrights and poets’ favour.
3. Of the four literary landmarks, which can not be a consumption spot for visitors?
A. Brasserie Lipp B. Boquinistes
C. Père Lachaise D. Le Procope
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了巴黎的四大文学地标的历史和特点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Brasserie Lipp的倒数第二句“Marcellin Cazes, who took over ownership in 1918, created the literary prize Prix Cazes to reward authors not successful in literary competitions before. (1918年，马塞兰·卡兹接手公司，创立了卡兹文学奖，以奖励以前在文学竞赛中未获成功的作家。)”可知，这项文学家颁给在文学竞赛中输了的作家，故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Boquinistes的最后两句“In the mid-19th century they were granted licenses to sell books, and now they are a major sight along the Seine. They feature on France’s list of intangible (非物质的) cultural heritage. (在19世纪中期，他们获得了出售书籍的许可，现在他们是塞纳河沿岸的主要景点。它们被列入法国非物质文化遗产名录。)”可知， Boquinistes成为塞纳河沿岸的主要景点，使Boquinistes与众不的是，它们还属于法国非物质文化遗产。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据Brasserie Lipp的第一句“This brasserie has long been a popular bar for creatives. (这家小酒馆长期以来一直是颇受创意人士欢迎的酒吧。)”可知，此处卖酒，Boquinistes的第一句“In the mid-19th century they were granted licenses to sell books, and now they are a major sight along the Seine. (19世纪中期，他们获得了出售书籍的许可，现在他们是塞纳河沿岸的主要景点。)”可知，此处是书店，也是景点；Le Procope的最后一句“Voltaire was said to drink 40 cups of coffee a day while he worked at a table at the cafe.(据说伏尔泰在咖啡馆工作时每天要喝40杯咖啡。)”可知，此处有咖啡卖，而Père Lachaise的最后一句“In decades, the cemetery had become the final resting place of many writers, including Balzac and Gertrude Stein. (几十年来，这座公墓已经成为许多作家的最后安息之地，包括巴尔扎克和格特鲁德·斯坦。)”可知，此处为墓地，故四大文学地标中，Père Lachaise不能成为游客的消费场所，故选C项。
B
Caroline Tegeret comes from a small village in the remote area of Kenya. Her academic journey began like many others though filled with tremendous difficulties. The biggest challenges Tegeret had to face was the financial one since seeking law as a career is expensive. Coming from a community where girls barely get past high school doesn’t lighten the load in any way either.
Upon graduating in 2017, she joined Kenya School of Law in 2018. After college, she qualified herself as a lawyer of the High Court of Kenya on July 2. 2020. “My dream to pursue a career in law began way back in high school when I developed an interest in law,” she said. What was her driving force? For Tegeret, it was the fact that in terms of development, her community was, and still is, far behind.
Her community has high illiteracy levels where plenty of girls have no opportunity to attend school. Terrible cultural practices like early marriage are still very common, robbing the youth of the opportunities to be educated. She knew quite early that for her to be able to bring change to the community, she needed to be equipped with the right tools through education and knowledge of the law.
As she burned the midnight oil, studying piles of history books and law cases, the memory of her father further inspired her. Her father’s determination gave her strength and motivation to pursue her dream. Coming from a humble background, he stood out for her as an example of life’s possibilities as he was able to succeed in his teaching career.
Tegeret wants to work with NGOs and government agencies to promote the rights of the minority. Her desire grows stronger when she finds many people can’t speak for themselves. She wants to raise their voice and make them heard by the authorities.
Her remarkable achievement is a source of encouragement to many young girls whose dreams look too big compared to their life’s circumstances. She wants to let them know they, too, have rights to choose their intended life.
4. What problem did Caroline Tegeret have in pursuing her dream?
A Her poor financial condition. B. Her early marriage engagement.
C. The remote location of her family. D. High illiteracy levels of the community.
5. Why did Caroline seek to be educated in law?
A. To pursue her dream of law career. B. To live up to her father’s expectation.
C. To entitle herself with lots of rights. D. To change her community for the better.
6. What adjectives can best describe Caroline?
A. Humble and consistent. B. Hardworking and ambitious.
C. Enterprising and humorous. D. Considerate and helpful.
7. What can be the suitable title of the passage?
A. Pursue a law career B. Be a community reformer
C. Meet a female lawyer D. Struggle for female rights
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了来自肯尼亚偏远小村庄的Tegeret在目睹所在社区中很多女孩没有机会上学，存在早婚等可怕的文化习俗，剥夺了女孩们受教育的机会，Tegeret以帮助她的社区变得更好为动力，克服自身经济困难，努力研读法律和历史，成为律师，通过自身的影响力来激励女孩们追逐自己的梦想。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The biggest challenges Tegeret had to face was the financial one since seeking law as a career is expensive. Coming from a community where girls barely get past high school doesn’t lighten the load in any way either. (Tegeret面临的最大挑战是财务问题，因为从事法律职业的成本很高。来自一个女孩高中毕业率都不高的社区，也丝毫不能减轻其负担。)”可知，从事法律职业的成本很高，泰格雷特面临的最大挑战是财务问题。故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Her community has high illiteracy levels where plenty of girls have no opportunity to attend school. Terrible cultural practices like early marriage are still very common, robbing the youth of the opportunities to be educated. She knew quite early that for her to be able to bring change to the community, she needed to be equipped with the right tools through education and knowledge of the law. (她所在的社区文盲率很高，很多女孩没有机会上学。早婚等可怕的文化习俗仍然非常普遍，剥夺了女孩们受教育的机会。她很早就知道，要想给社区带来改变，她需要通过教育和法律知识来配备合适的工具。)”可知，基于Tegeret所在社区的情况，Tegeret想通过自身接受法律教育来帮助她的社区变得更好。故选D项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“As she burned the midnight oil, studying piles of history books and law cases, the memory of her father further inspired her. (当她挑灯夜战，研究成堆的历史书籍和法律案例时，对父亲的记忆进一步激励了她。)”可知，Tegeret学习很努力，根据第五段“Tegeret wants to work with NGOs and government agencies to promote the rights of the minority. Her desire grows stronger when she finds many people can’t speak for themselves. She wants to raise their voice and make them heard by the authorities. (Tegeret希望与非政府组织和政府机构合作，促进少数民族的权利。当她发现许多人不能为自己说话时，她的愿望变得更加强烈。她想提高他们的声音，让当局听到他们的声音。)”可知，Tegeret愿意为促进少数民族的权利而努力，所以是一个有雄心壮志的人，故选B项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Her remarkable achievement is a source of encouragement to many young girls whose dreams look too big compared to their life’s circumstances. She wants to let them know they, too, have rights to choose their intended life.(她的非凡成就鼓舞了许多年轻女孩，她们的梦想与生活环境相比显得过于远大。她想让他们知道，他们也有权选择自己想要的生活。)”可知，文章介绍了来自肯尼亚偏远小村庄的Tegeret在目睹所在社区中很多女孩没有机会上学，存在早婚等可怕的文化习俗，剥夺了女孩们受教育的机会，Tegeret以帮助她的社区变得更好为动力，克服自身经济困难，学习法律，成为律师，通过自身的影响力来激励女孩们追逐自己的梦想，Meet a female lawyer适合作标题，故选C项。
C
China’s fertility (生育) rate is on a downward trend and the average family size has been shrinking over the years, a senior official said on Saturday, calling for comprehensive measures to encourage marriage and childbearing.
Data shows that there was 2.62 people per family in China in 2020, down by 0.48 from 2010, according to Wang Pei’an, deputy director of the China Family Planning Association.
“Currently, the perspective on marriage and starting a family among young generations is changing, and the trend toward having smaller families is becoming more obvious,” he remarked at the third China Population and Development Forum held in Beijing.
The shift has resulted in delays in marriage, having children and even a resistance of such rituals, which he said is the primary reason for China’s declining fertility level.
A survey shows that women planned to have 1.64 babies in 2021, down from 1.76 in 2017. For people born in the 1990s and 2000s, their ideal number of babies was only 1.54 and 1.48 respectively.
Furthermore, the percentage of women who have no children over their lifetime increased from 6.1 percent in 2015 to 10 percent in 2020.
“A survey shows that less than 70 percent of women aged 35 and under agree that a life with children is complete,” he said, adding that given the low fertility rate in China, it would be extremely difficult to raise the fertility without strengthened efforts to foster a longing for marriage and family.
Wang suggested devoting more efforts to the promotion of getting married and having children at proper ages and sharing family responsibilities between men and women.
He also called for advancing flexible working hours, and developing nursery care and elderly care industries.
He added that a range of policies from household registration and employment rules to medical insurance and social security regulations should be geared toward “protecting marriages and families.”
8. Why are the numbers listed in paragraph 5?
A. To applaud women’s will to have babies.
B. To show the influence of delayed marriage.
C. To present diverse attitudes to childbearing.
D. To reason for the decline of China’s fertility.
9. What does the word “foster” mean in Para.7?
A. polish B. raise C. attain D. tackle
10. Which of the following may help raise the fertility according to Wang?
A. Shared responsibilities in family. B. Shortened working hours.
C. Regulated nursery care industry. D. Advanced medical facilities.
11. What is the purpose of the article?
A. To raise the problem of birth rate fall. B. To correct people’s view of marriage.
C. To call for measures to boost fertility. D. To promote the benefits of childbearing.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国生育率下降的事实，呼吁采取措施提高生育率。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“A survey shows that women planned to have 1.64 babies in 2021, down from 1.76 in 2017. For people born in the 1990s and 2000s, their ideal number of babies was only 1.54 and 1.48 respectively. (一项调查显示，女性计划在2021年生1.64个孩子，低于2017年的1.76个。对于20世纪90年代和21世纪初出生的人来说，他们的理想婴儿数量分别只有1.54个和1.48个。)”可知，这一段列举数字是为了解释中国生育率下降的原因。故选D。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第七段““A survey shows that less than 70 percent of women aged 35 and under agree that a life with children is complete,” he said, adding that given the low fertility rate in China, it would be extremely difficult to raise the fertility without strengthened efforts to foster a longing for marriage and family. (他说：“一项调查显示，35岁及以下的女性中，只有不到70%的人认为有孩子的生活是完整的。”他补充说，鉴于中国的生育率很低，如果不加大力度foster对婚姻和家庭的渴望，就很难提高生育率)”可知，这里建议要提高对婚姻和家庭的渴望，才能提高生育率。所以foster的意思应该是“提高”，和选项raise意思一致。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第八段“Wang suggested devoting more efforts to the promotion of getting married and having children at proper ages and sharing family responsibilities between men and women. (王建议加大力度促进适龄结婚生子和男女分担家庭责任)”可知，男女分担家庭责任有可能帮助提高生育率。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“China’s fertility(生育) rate is on a downward trend and the average family size has been shrinking over the years, a senior official said on Saturday, calling for comprehensive measures to encourage marriage and childbearing. (周六，一位高级官员表示，中国的生育率呈下降趋势，多年来平均家庭规模一直在缩小。他呼吁采取全面措施鼓励结婚和生育)”结合下文分析生育率下降的原因和提高生育率的措施可知，这篇文章主要是为了呼吁大家采取措施提高生育率。故选C。
D
The human thirst for knowledge is the driving force behind our successful development as a species. But curiosity can also be dangerous, leading to setbacks (挫折) or even downfalls. Given curiosity’s complexity, scientists have found it hard to define.
While determining a definition has proven tricky, the general consensus is it’s some means of information gathering. Psychologists also agree curiosity is intrinsically (内在地) motivated.
Curiosity covers such a large set of behaviors that there probably isn’t any single “curiosity gene” that makes humans wonder about and explore their environment. That said, curiosity does have a genetic component. Genes and the environment interact in many complex ways to shape individuals and guide their behavior, including their curiosity.
Regardless of their genetic makeup, infants have to learn an incredible amount of information in a short time, and curiosity is one of the tools humans have found to accomplish that huge task.
Hundreds of studies show that infants prefer novelty. It’s what motivates non-human animals, human infants and probably human adults to explore and seek out new things before growing less interested in them after continued exposure.
But curiosity often comes with a cost.
In some situations, the stakes are low and failure is a healthy part of growth. For instance, many babies are perfectly capable crawlers, but they decide to try walking because there’s more to see and do when they stand upright. But this milestone comes at a small cost. A study of 12- to 19-month-olds learning how to walk documented that these children fell down a lot. Seventeen times per hour, to be exact. But walking is faster than crawling, so this motivates expert crawlers to transition to walking.
Sometimes, however, testing out a new idea can lead to disaster. For instance, the Inuit people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of living in northern climates, but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes.
12. What does the author say about curiosity?
A. It is too complex to understand. B. It pushes human society forward.
C. It is a unique quality of human. D. It always causes failures to human.
13. What is the general understanding of curiosity?
A. It motivates people to seek information. B. It is certain to transform human genes.
C. It does people more good than harm. D. It grounds all human behaviors.
14. What do numerous studies show about infants?
A. Genes determine people’s way of thinking. B. Infants are far more curious than adults.
C. Genes account for age differences in learning. D. Infants prefer to go after all that is novel.
15. Why does the author mention the Inuit people?
A To prove how curiosity helped them survive.
B. To show curiosity may come with a high price.
C. To describe why Inuit people needed curiosity.
D. To show how Inuit people overcame the challenges.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述好奇心推动了人类社会的进步，但探索好奇心的同时也可能付出很大代价。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The human thirst for knowledge is the driving force behind our successful species. But curiosity can also be dangerous, leading to setbacks or even downfalls. Given curiosity’s complexity, scientists have found it hard to define.(人类对知识的渴求是我们这个成功物种背后的驱动力。但好奇心也可能是危险的，它会导致挫折甚至跌倒。鉴于好奇心的复杂性，科学家们发现很难定义它)”可知，好奇心是人类成功背后的驱动力，也就是作者认为好奇心推动了人类社会的进步，故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“While determining a definition has proven tricky, the general consensus is it’s some means of information gathering.(虽然确定一个定义被证明是棘手的，但普遍的共识是它是一种信息收集的方式)”可知，对好奇心的一般理解是它激励人们去寻找信息。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Hundreds of studies show that infants prefer novelty. It’s what motivates non-human animals, human infants and probably human adults to explore and seek out new things before growing less interested in them after continued exposure. (数百项研究表明，婴儿喜欢新奇的事物。它激励着非人类动物、人类婴儿，甚至可能是人类成年人去探索和寻求新事物，直到在持续接触后对它们失去兴趣)”可知，婴儿的好奇心很强，更喜欢新奇的事物。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sometimes, however, testing out a new idea can lead to disaster. For instance, the Inuit people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of living in northern climates, but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes.(然而，有时测试一个新想法可能会导致灾难。例如，北极地区的因纽特人创造了令人难以置信的模式来应对北部气候的生活挑战，但我们忘记了成千上万的人试图在那些充满挑战的环境中生存，但却失败了)”可知，本段说明好奇心可能会导致灾难，然后举例说明这一点，所以北极地区因纽特人的例子说明了人类探索的好奇心也会付出很大的代价。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
ChatGPT is a powerful chatbot developed by OpenAI and launched in November 2022. Built on top of OpenAI’s GPT-3 family of large language models, it engages in human-like dialogue directed by prompting (提示). ____16____
ChatGPT has numerous potential uses. But from a scientific point of view, there is a need to closely watch the development of technologies like ChatGPT before reaching a conclusion about their impacts. ____17____ So we should not fear ChatGPT will take up humans’ jobs overnight.
ChatGPT’s performance is being improved. ____18____ However, it still has a long way to go to completely imitate the human mind and language competence. When it comes to professional writing, ChatGPT’s answers at times seem reasonable but actually incorrect or meaningless. It might give some good answers to general questions, yet it is no substitute for professional advice.
____19____ It is a kind of groundbreaking research, but its potential risks have not been thoroughly studied. It is still a new technology that we need to study, but should not over-rate (高评). It’s even unwise to blindly commit huge amounts of money to further develop ChatGPT, because it may not turn out to be successful and create bubbles in the high-tech market.
China has developed its own large-scale language models, such as Huawei’s Pangu NLP models, Baidu’s ERNIE, Tencent’s HUNYUAN NLP models, and Alibaba’s AliceMind. ____20____ China needs more special models in specific fields, such as the modern Chinese language, ancient Chinese language, minority languages, and dialects, to break the language barrier among people.
A. Technology progresses step by step.
B. It is important to view ChatGPT objectively.
C. ChatGPT is still a product with very limited application.
D. It is designed to respond in a natural, understandable way.
E. But these models need to focus more on deeper technologies.
F. It has made quite some progress in natural language processing.
G. ChatGPT can accurately decide which word comes next in a sentence.
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. F 19. B 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了由OpenAI开发的功能强大的聊天机器人ChatGPT的优势和缺点，告诫人们要客观地看待ChatGPT，中国方面也已开发了多个大规模语言模型，但这些模型需要更多地关注更深层次的技术。
【16题详解】
根据上文“ChatGPT is a powerful chatbot developed by OpenAI and launched in November 2022. Built on top of OpenAI’s GPT-3 family of large language models, it engages in human-like dialogue directed by prompting (提示). (ChatGPT是由OpenAI开发的功能强大的聊天机器人，于2022年11月推出。它建立在OpenAI的GPT-3系列大型语言模型之上，它通过提示进行类似人类的对话)”可知，ChatGPT通过提示进行类似人类的对话，D项“It is designed to respond in a natural, understandable way. (它被设计成以一种自然的、可理解的方式回应)”，与上文的human-like dialogue呼应，ChatGPT进行类似人类的对话是建立在提示的基础上，所以互动中ChatGP的回应方式自然、可理解，上下文衔接连贯，故选D项。
【17题详解】
上文“But from a scientific point of view, there is a need to closely watch the development of technologies like ChatGPT before reaching a conclusion about their impacts. (但是从科学的角度来看，在得出关于其影响的结论之前，有必要密切关注ChatGPT等技术的发展)”提及the development of technologies，A项“Technology progresses step by step. (技术是一步步进步的)”与上文呼应，下文“So we should not fear ChatGPT will take up humans’ jobs overnight (因此，我们不应该担心ChatGPT会在一夜之间取代人类的工作)”，与A项为因果关系，上下文衔接连贯。故选A项。
【18题详解】
上文“ChatGPT’s performance is being improved. (ChatGPT的性能正在得到改进)”，此段与ChatGPT的性能有关，F项“It has made quite some progress in natural language processing. (它在自然语言处理方面取得了相当大的进展)”，其中的natural language processing是ChatGPT的性能之一，下文“However, it still has a long way to go to completely imitate the human mind and language competence. (然而，要完全模仿人类的思维和语言能力，还有很长的路要走)”与F项为转折关系，尽管ChatGPT的自然语言处理方面有进展，但还不是很完善，故选F项。
【19题详解】
根据下文“It is a kind of groundbreaking research, but its potential risks have not been thoroughly studied. (这是一项开创性的研究，但其潜在的风险尚未得到充分的研究)”可知，此段话题为ChatGPT的潜在风险，B项“It is important to view ChatGPT objectively. (客观地看待ChatGPT是很重要的)”转换话题，上两段提及ChatGPT的优点，B项起到承上启下的作用，故选B项。
【20题详解】
上文“China has developed its own large-scale language models, such as Huawei’s Pangu NLP models, Baidu’s ERNIE, Tencent’s HUNYUAN NLP models, and Alibaba’s AliceMind (中国已经开发了自己的大规模语言模型，如华为的盘古NLP模型、百度的ERNIE、腾讯的浑源NLP模型和阿里巴巴的阿里思维)”列举中国已有大规模语言模型，E项“But these models need to focus more on deeper technologies. (但这些模型需要更多地关注更深层次的技术)”中的these models指代上文的Huawei’s Pangu NLP models, Baidu’s ERNIE, Tencent’s HUNYUAN NLP models, and Alibaba’s AliceMind，E项与上文为顺接关系。故选E项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was a dream born in fire. Andrea Peterson was 5 when she and her mother were trapped in a burning building.
“Throw the kid down!” said the firemen ____21____. Little Andrea jumped into lifesaving arms and also a lifelong ____22____: She wanted to fight fires like her rescuers did.
She told that to the firemen but they just ____23____ good-naturedly like grown-ups often do when kids talk about their big ____24____. You know, it was back in a time when girls weren’t even allowed to ____25____ such grand goals.
“You’ll be a good mommy,” the firemen told her. “You’ll be a good teacher, maybe you’ll be a nurse, but you can never be a(an) ____26____.”
As it often happened, reality ____27____ her dream. She was sent to a flight school, ____28____ she met her husband, Dennis, who was later diagnosed with cancer. Peterson spent 31 years ____29____ him. In 2007, when Dennis was coming to the end of his struggle, he was at peace _____30_____ worried for Peterson: “But what are you going to do?”
“I’ll be fine,” she told him.
At 61, Peterson went on an ambulance ride-along. She felt that long-ago childhood _____31_____. She earned her emergency medical technician _____32_____ and responded to fire calls with the ambulance. Her years of tending to Dennis had _____33_____ her for dealing with various hurts and ills.
After a year, she told her boss she wanted to be a firefighter.
In the firefighter training unit, everyone else was between 18 and 21, but it didn’t _____34_____ Peterson. She passed the written test, cleared the physical and, _____35_____, that little girl’s dream came true.
21. A. above B. beside C. around D. below
22. A. expectation B. ambition C. destination D. inspiration
23. A. laughed B. supported C. criticized D. neglected
24. A. attempts B. purposes C. dreams D. arrangements
25. A. figure B. anticipate C. guess D. imagine
26. A. rescuer B. astronaut C. fireman D. sportsman
27. A. failed B. achieved C. followed D. realized
28. A. what B. where C. when D. why
29. A. coping with B. relying on C. caring for D. facing to
30. A. therefore B. still C. otherwise D. yet
31. A. feeling B. saying C. meaning D. calling
32. A. passport B. allowance C. license D. reputation
33. A. prepared B. supplied C. excused D. applauded
34. A. disappoint B. discourage C. discriminate D. dismiss
35. A. definitely B. gradually C. eventually D. constantly
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述安德里亚﹒彼得森小时候经历了一次大火之后就励志要做一名消防员，但是在她那个年代，女孩子甚至都不允许想象如此宏伟的目标。但是，在她62岁的时候仍然努力完成了这个梦想。
【21题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：下面的消防员说：“把孩子扔下来！”A. above在上方；B. beside在旁边；C. around在周围；D. below在下面。根据上文“Throw the kid down!”可知，消防员在他们下面。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：小安德里亚投入了拯救生命的怀抱，也是她毕生的抱负：她想像她的救援人员一样灭火。A. expectation期待；B. ambition抱负；C. destination目的地；D. inspiration鼓舞。根据下文“She wanted to fight fires like her rescuers did.”可知，这是小安德里亚的抱负。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把这件事告诉了消防员，但他们只是善意地笑着，就像成年人在孩子们谈论他们的远大梦想时经常做的那样。A. laughed笑；B. supported支持；C. criticized评论；D. neglected忽视。根据下文“like grown-ups often do when kids talk about their big ____4____. You know, it was back in a time when girls weren’t even allowed to ____5____ such grand goals.”可知，消防员听到她的想法之后只是善意地笑笑，没有认真。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第3题详解。A. attempts试图；B. purposes目的；C. dreams梦想；D. arrangements安排。根据上文“kids talk about their big”可知，这里指孩子们讨论的伟大梦想。故选C。
25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：你知道，那是在一个女孩甚至不被允许想象如此宏伟目标的时代。A. figure计算；B. anticipate参与；C. guess猜测；D. imagine想象。根据下文“such grand goals”可知，在当时，对于宏伟的目标，女孩子们连想像一下都不可以。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你会成为一个好妈妈的，”消防员告诉她。“你会是一名好老师，也许你会成为一名护士，但你永远不可能成为一名消防员。”A. rescuer实救者；B. astronaut宇航员；C. fireman消防员；D. sportsman运动员。根据上文“Little Andrea jumped into lifesaving arms and also a lifelong ____2____: She wanted to fight fires like her rescuers did.”和“You know, it was back in a time when girls weren’t even allowed to ____5____ such grand goals.”可知，那些消防员们认为她不可能会成为消防员。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如经常发生的那样，现实辜负了她的梦想。A. failed失败；B. achieved完成；C. followed跟随；D. realized意识到。根据下文“She was sent to a flight school, ____8____ she met her husband, Dennis, who was later diagnosed with cancer. Peterson spent 31 years ____9____ him. In 2007, when Dennis was coming to the end of his struggle, he was at peace ____10____ worried for Peterson: “But what are you going to do?”
”可知，现实辜负了她的梦想。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：她被送往一所飞行学校，在那里她遇到了丈夫丹尼斯，后者后来被诊断出患有癌症。A. what什么；B. where哪里；C. when何时；D. why为何。根据上文“a flight school”可知，这里指在这所学校，她遇到了丈夫丹尼斯。____8____ she met her husband是定语从句，先行词a flight school在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：彼得森花了31年时间照顾他。A. coping with应付；B. relying on依赖；C. caring for照顾；D. facing to面对。根据上文“Dennis, who was later diagnosed with cancer.”可知，丈夫得了癌症，所以她应该是照顾他。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：2007年，当丹尼斯的斗争即将结束时，他平静下来，但又为彼得森担心：“但你打算怎么办？”A. therefore因此；B. still仍然；C. otherwise否则；D. yet然而。根据上下文意思可知，上下文是转折关系。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她感觉到很久以前童年的呼唤。A. feeling感觉；B. saying说；C. meaning打算；D. calling喊。根据上文“She felt that long-ago childhood”可知，这里指她童年的梦想在呼唤她。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她获得了急救技师执照，并用救护车对火警做出反应。A. passport护照；B. allowance允许；C. license执照；D. reputation名声。根据上文“emergency medical technician”可知，她得到的是专业执照证书。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，她对丹尼斯的照顾为她应对各种伤害和疾病做好了准备。A. prepared准备；B. supplied提供；C. excused借口；D. applauded鼓掌。根据上文“Her years of tending to Dennis”可知，这里指她对丈夫丹尼斯的照顾为她应对各种伤害和疾病做好了准备。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在消防员培训单位，其他人的年龄都在18岁到21岁之间，但这并没有让彼得森气馁。A. disappoint失望；B. discourage泄气；C. discriminate歧视；D. dismiss解雇。根据上文“everyone else was between 18 and 21”可知，这里指其他人都是年轻人，只有她自己是62岁的老年人，但是她仍然没有放弃。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她通过了笔试，通过了体检，最终，那个小女孩的梦想实现了。A. definitely准确地；B. gradually渐渐地；C. eventually最终；D. constantly不断地。根据下文“that little girl’s dream came true.”可知，这是她最终努力的结果。故选C。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinadaily—Feb.9,2023. Civilian rescue workers across the nation are rushing to join China’s official rescue team to find ____36____(survive) from the ruins of destroyed buildings in Turkey, hit by a major earthquake of 7.8 magnitude(震级) on Monday, Feb. 6th.
____37____ powerful earthquake caused severe and widespread destruction and damage in Turkey and neighboring Syria at 4:17 am local time on Monday, followed by hundreds of aftershocks, ____38____(claim) more than 11,000 lives in the two nations as of Wednesday.
Many civilian teams actively joined rescue work ____39____ China increased its aid to Turkey and neighboring Syria. Among the civilian teams that left for Turkey on Wednesday ____40____(be) Blue Sky Rescue, a nonprofit Chinese civilian organization, ____41____ members come from provincial-level regions of China. Besides, the China’s 82-member official rescue team, with large amounts of disaster relief materials and equipment ____42____ board, landed in Adana in southern Turkey at 4:30 am local time on Wednesday. The Chinese team, with certification from the UN, ____43____(comprise) high-quality and well-equipped personnel with the capacity to carry out search and rescue operations ____44____(efficient) at the same time in two locations. Overseas branches of Chinese companies are also lending a helping hand. Chinese machinery giant Xu-zhou Construction Machinery Group has assigned its branch in Turkey to join the relief efforts, with dozens of pieces of equipment _____45_____(station) to help in the rescue work.
【答案】36. survivors
37. The 38. claiming
39. as##when
40. was 41. whose
42. on 43. comprised
44. efficiently
45. stationed
【解析】
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述2月6日星期一，土耳其发生7.8级大地震，全国各地的民间救援人员正赶往中国官方救援队，从被毁的建筑物废墟中寻找幸存者的事情。
【36题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：2月6日星期一，土耳其发生7.8级大地震，全国各地的民间救援人员正赶往中国官方救援队，从被毁的建筑物废墟中寻找幸存者。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词survivor作宾语，是可数名词，所以用复数形式，表示泛指。故填survivors。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：当地时间周一凌晨4点17分，这场强烈地震在土耳其和邻国叙利亚造成了严重而广泛的破坏，随后发生了数百次余震，截至周三，这两个国家共有11000多人死亡。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里的earthquake是指上文提到的土耳其地震，所以用the修饰，表示特指。故填The。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：见第2题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，claim是被修饰的名词Turkey and neighboring Syria主动发出的动作，所以用现在分词形式，表示主动。故填claiming。
【39题详解】
考查时间状语从句。句意：当中国增加对土耳其和邻国叙利亚的援助时，许多民间救援队积极参与救援工作。分析句子结构和意思可知， ____4____ China increased its aid to Turkey and neighboring Syria.是时间状语从句，连词用as/when。故填as/when。
【40题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：周三启程前往土耳其的文职团队中包括蓝天救援，这是一个非营利的中国民间组织，其成员来自中国省级地区。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时，主语是Blue Sky Rescue，be动词用was。故填was。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：见第5题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，____6____ members come from provincial-level regions of China是定语从句，先行词organization在从句中作定语，用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
【42题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：此外，中国82人的官方救援队携带大量救灾物资和设备，于当地时间周三凌晨4点30分乘飞机抵达土耳其南部的阿达纳。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词短语on board，意为“乘飞机”。故填on。
【43题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：获得联合国认证的中国团队由高素质、装备精良的人员组成，有能力在两个地点同时高效开展搜救行动。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故填comprised。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：见第8题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词，修饰动词短语carry out。故填efficiently。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国机械巨头许州工程机械集团已指派其在土耳其的分公司加入救援工作，并部署了数十台设备来帮助救援工作。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词station和被修饰的名词equipment是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式，表示被动，作补语。故填stationed。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，你的外国朋友John在给你的电子邮件中问及了你家乡的情况，请你给他写一封电子邮件，告诉他你家乡近十年的一些变化。内容包括：
1.主要变化;
2.变化的原因;
3.邀请再访。
注意：
1.文中不得出现真实地名，写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear John,
Nice to receive your email!
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear John,
Nice to receive your email! Hearing that you are interested in my hometown, I’m writing to offer you some useful information.
The last decade have witnessed great changes in my hometown. First, the infrastructure has been upgraded greatly. The roads have been widened, and high speed rails, expressways and airlines are available too. Besides, the significant economic development has improved our living standards and overall well-being. All these changes are mainly due to the government’s investment in the city’s development, as well as the efforts made by local businesses and residents in improving the city’s image and attractiveness.
I warmly invite you to come and visit my hometown again. I believe you will be amazed at its transformation.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外国朋友John写一封电子邮件，介绍家乡近十年的主要变化，变化的原因，并邀请对方再次来访。
【详解】1.词汇积累
提高生活水平：improve the living standards → raise the living standards
此外：besides → what’s more
惊讶的：amazed → surprised
显著的：significant → remarkable
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：The last decade have witnessed great changes in my hometown.
拓展句：Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the last decade.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Hearing that you are interested in my hometown, I’m writing to offer you some useful information.（运用了现在分词短语作状语，that引导宾语从句，动词不定式作宾语）
【高分句型2】I believe you will be amazed at its transformation.（运用了省略that的宾语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a Friday evening in December, two weeks before Christmas, I lost my job. I hadn’t seen it coming. I was excited for the weekend, when my daughter, Kristil, then 12, and I planned to get our Christmas tree. Then I listened to my voicemail: We’re sorry but your work assignment has ended as of today. My heart sank.
I wasn’t just a single parent; I was the only parent. My paycheck was survival. The next day as we searched for our tree, I struggled to be cheerful as I eyed each price tag.
“Is everything OK?” Kristil asked. “You seem worried.”
“Absolutely not,” I told her.
Over the next week, I furiously((玩命地) applied for jobs as my bank account grew smaller. I felt as if the world was closing in on me. On a weekend afternoon, I dropped Kristil in a wealthy gated community for a birthday party. I watched as she went in, surrounded by all the nice things we couldn’t afford. I drove home defeated
Back at home. I glanced out window It had en snowing on and off all morning. I noticed a petite(娇小) woman with short white hair struggling to open her car door against the wind. As she got out, I realized it was my old professor, Sister Esther Heffernan. I hadn’t seen her since we’d met for lunch thre months ago.
I’d first met Sister Esther 10 years earlier when I was her student at Edgewood College in Madison, Wisconsin. Kristil was 3 at the time, and I sometimes took her to class. Sister Esther was understanding and considerate. She would bring coloring books to occupy Kristil. Even after I graduated, Sister Esther kept in touch. I had grown to love her like family.
I rushed to the front of my building. “What are you doing out in this weather?” I asked as we hugged.
“Well, I tried to call last week but couldn’t get through. Then I called your job and they said you weren’t working there anymore, so I thought I would come by.” Sister Esther said. “I have gifts for you and Kristl.”
I made her a cup of tea, and we talked. Just being in Sister Esther’s presence gave me hope that things would be all right.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
As she got up to leave, she handed me a Christmas card.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On Christmas morning, Kristil and I gathered around our tree.
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【答案】 As she got up to leave, she handed me a Christmas card. As I opened it, I saw there was money inside. I was in shock. Hundred-dollar bills poured onto the floor. Tears of gratitude blinded my eyes as I counted the number of that money. Sister Esther had given me exactly £1,000, with which we could buy all that we needed for Christmas. I could also buy the expensive Christmas tree.
On Christmas morning, Kristil and I gathered around our tree. We danced and sang excitedly in the room. We enjoyed the delicious food filled on the whole table. We were both happy very much. In my heart, I knew that it was because of Sister Esther’s generosity and sympathy that we could make that warm and happy Christmas. Though it has been more than 10 years since that Christmas, I have never forgotten what Sister Esther did for us.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为中心展开，主要讲述作者在圣诞节前两周失业了。单亲妈妈的她带着女儿去购物时发现，她们什么都买不起。当她们回到家时发现了她以前的教授埃丝特修女。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当她起身准备离开时，她递给我一张圣诞卡。”可知，第一段可描写作者接受圣诞卡之后发生的事情。
②由第二段首句内容“圣诞节的早晨，克里斯蒂和我聚集在我们的圣诞树周围。”可知，第二段可描写在埃丝特修女的帮助下，她们过了一个快乐的圣诞节。
2.续写线索：接受卡片——发现钱——激动和感谢——购买圣诞树——过快乐的圣诞节——感恩
3.词汇激活
行为类
①使变瞎：blind/make sb. lose his/her sight
②享受：enjoy/appreciate
情绪类
①高兴的：happy/glad
【点睛】【高分句型1】Sister Esther had given me exactly £1,000, with which we could buy all that we needed for that Christmas.（由with which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】In my heart, I knew that it was because of Sister Esther’s generosity and sympathy that we could make that warm and happy Christmas.（由that引导的宾语从句和强调句型结构）
听力答案：1-5 BCBAC 6-10 BCABC 11-15 CBABA 16-20 BCACB