2023届江西省南昌市第十中学高三下学期第一次模拟英语试题（含解析）

这是一份2023届江西省南昌市第十中学高三下学期第一次模拟英语试题（含解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，短文改错，邀请信等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023届江西省南昌市第十中学高三下学期第一次模拟英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Today’s modern travelers are journeying further to explore Europe off the beaten track, and bringing home new skills and experience. Here are 4 ideas for an unusual holiday in Europe.
Volunteer in Transylvania
Transylvania is a top choice for an unusual European city break, with wonderfully preserved medieval (中世纪的) towns and castles that inspired the famous novel Dracula. In addition, you can take your unusual holiday experience even further by volunteering in Eastern Europe’s largest bear reserve and working with bears.
Teach skiing in Austria
Austria is one of Europe’s top skiing destinations. If you’re looking for a more unusual way to spend a winter holiday, why not consider training to be a ski instructor there? You’ll gain a qualification that is recognized worldwide, and this programme includes a guaranteed paid instructor job at a ski resort (旅游胜地) once you have finished your training.
Go diving in Spain
For a European holiday with a difference, take part in a plastic cleanup project based in Barcelona, help to empty plastic waste in the Mediterranean Sea and help protect the environment as you travel. This volunteer project combines diving with collecting plastic or other waste from the water, alongside giving you the chance to explore the city.
Explore Tuscany on horseback
Tuscany, one of the best places in Europe to explore on horseback, has witnessed a sharp increase in travelers. There are various activities that combine sightseeing with basic horse riding lessons and you can stay in Renaissance villas (文艺复兴风格的别墅) and farmhouses. You don’t need to have any experience for horse riding holidays, and they are a brilliant alternative to your typical guided tour.
1．What does the author suggest doing in Transylvania?
A．Finding a job in the castle.
B．Helping to care for bears.
C．Reading the novel Dracula.
D．Visiting its modern buildings.
2．Where can you help to protect the environment while traveling?
A．In Spain. B．In Tuscany.
C．In Transylvania. D．In Austria.
3．What do we know about horse riding holidays in Tuscany?
A．They suit experienced riders.
B．They are unique to Tuscany.
C．They are growing in popularity.
D．They feature a typical guided tour.

Overlooking the Davis—Gant Varsity Soccer Field, a bed of overturned soil waits for further development. In a few years, this area will become a natural habitat and a playground for animals and residents. This peaceful area didn’t appear naturally, but through planning and action taken by Catlin Gabel’s Tiny Forest project launched by teacher Patrick Walsh.
Forests typically take hundreds of years to mature, with four stages of growth. “Tiny forests flatten out time through the planting of all four layers (层),” Walsh explained. The end result is a fast—growing, native forest in about 20 years. Over 600 plants from 43 species will be planted in the tiny forest, the first one in Oregon.
Walsh was inspired to build a tiny forest after hearing about this idea, which emerged in Japan and has taken hold in North America. He shared his vision with seniors in his class. The seniors researched tiny forests and made a proposal resulting in Clean Water Services donating 60 trees and $5,000 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Armed with these resources, Walsh and the students started working. “Something I didn’t really expect was the outpouring of students’ enthusiasm. Seeing students from all grades volunteered to contribute to the ‘dirty work’ really blew me away,” Walsh said.
Senior Megan Cover has been at the school since the first grade. “I’ll graduate after working on this project, which is surely sad, but it’s really rewarding and great to be a part of this project and to do my bit. We’re creating this educational space for many young kids,” Cover said.
Walsh summed up his goal of the project, which is to build a place where students can enjoy and learn about nature. “The forest will obviously not solve climate change, but it would deserve the efforts if the kids think about climate change and remember the importance of reforestation and trees when they look outside at the forest.”
4．What is special about tiny forests?
A．They originated in North America.
B．They are usually planted in schools.
C．They contain various types of trees.
D．They become mature in a shorter time.
5．What surprised Walsh in the process of planting the tiny forest?
A．The abundance of native tree species.
B．Public concern about the environment.
C．The active participation of students.
D．Support from local organizations.
6．How does Megan Cover feel about the project?
A．Proud. B．Hopeful. C．Excited. D．Grateful.
7．What does Walsh want the forest to function as for the students?
A．A source of enjoyment. B．A reminder.
C．A source of inspiration. D．A witness.

Lila Gleitman was driving her two-year-old daughter in the car when, going across a sharp turn, she advised her daughter to “hold on tight”. The kid responded, “Isn’t that ‘tightly’?”
It was a turning point in her career. Realizing that her two-year-old already had an understanding of language made Gleitman want to get into her child’s head. She wondered: What does she know, and when does she know it?
Gleitman turned those questions into a research career that helped define psycholinguistics (心理语言学). Her early interest coincided with Noam Chomsky, a frequent visitor to the University of Pennsylvania when she studied there. The two scholars considered that the mental systems which might produce the sentences you hear, are shaped by abstract rules that speakers may not even know that they know.
An early piece of Gleitman’s research, for example, researched small children’s “telegraphic” speech, in which many words are left out: a kid might say “throw ball” rather than “throw me the ball”. This seems to imply that the child’s knowledge is instinctive. But she found that children obey instructions better when their parents use adult-style English than when they copy their kids.
So parents do not need to use “motherese” — her husband Henry’s term — with their children. She found that their progressive mastery of language rules had little to do with how much (or little) motherese their caregivers used.
As the learning process goes on, children deploy some remarkable strategies. They often seem to correctly guess what a word means after hearing it just once. The physical environment is an obvious encouragement (as when they hear “dog” and see one at the same time). But how would a child guess the meaning of the verb in “I believed that he lost his keys”? Gleitman noticed that the sentence structure is identical to those with other verbs that mean similar things: saw, remembered, worried and doubted. More broadly, it turned out that verbs which are similar in meaning tend to turn up in similar sentence structures. This helps children learn quickly, a process she called “syntactic bootstrapping (语法自举)”.
8．What was the turning point in Gleitman’s career?
A．Her husband’s persuasion.
B．One suggestion from her professor.
C．Her meeting with Noam Chomsky.
D．One sentence from her daughter.
9．When do kids follow their parents’ instructions better?
A．When the parents use “motherese”.
B．When the parents use adult-style English.
C．When the parents copy their kids’ languages.
D．When the parents adopt remarkable strategies.
10．What does the underlined word “deploy” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Abandon. B．Plan. C．Change. D．Use.
11．How does a kid know the meaning of a verb according to Gleitman?
A．By looking it up in a dictionary.
B．B．By being told by his or her parents.
C．By guessing it from sentence structures.
D．D．By learning it in his or her school.

It’s one of the ultimate tests of willpower: you’ve been wandering around the market for hours and you’re tired and hungry. Then you catch a smell of something fragrant (香的) and delicious, probably fried and almost certainly fattening. Junk food companies are well aware that the smell of their product sets off a desire in your brain and that you’ll pay for that later. It is a response that has been researched, and you’d better believe your favorite fast-food chains have marketing teams that are using that research to their advantage.
Let’s take a closer look at this process. Have you ever noticed that whatever indulgent food (放纵型食品) catches your attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it? A couple of minutes later you are standing in line, and it isn’t quite inviting as it was just moments ago, but now you’ve invested time, so you trust your first feeling to treat yourself.
But a recent statement says that this is actually the right moment to walk away. Dipayan Biswas, a marketing professor, found there is a direct connection between how long a person is exposed to indulgent food smells and choosing healthier foods. “The results of a series of experiments show that extended exposure of more than two minutes to junk food smells leads to fewer purchases of unhealthy foods compared with no smell or a non-junk-food-related smell,” reads the summary of his study.
What appears to be going on here is that the brain doesn’t necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell and a pleasant taste. “Extended exposure to an indulgent food smell brings pleasure in the mind, which in turn reduces the desire for actual consumption of indulgent foods,” he explains. So next time you feel you don’t have the willpower to resist cookies, smell all that sweetness for just a minute or two. To your brain it’s the same as actually eating cookies, and the purchase desire would decrease.
12．What can we learn about junk food smells from the first paragraph?
A．They can make a difference in marketing.
B．They hardly affect people’s food choices.
C．They are unlikely to fool wise customers.
D．They finally decrease people’s purchase desire.
13．What does the second paragraph basically serve as?
A．An argument. B．An example. C．A comparison. D．A comment.
14．Which statement will Biswas probably agree with?
A．The brain can’t tell where sensory pleasure is from.
B．The senses of taste and smell are closely linked.
C．The influence of food smells changes over time.
D．The behavior of smelling food doesn’t equal eating it.
15．Which of the following could the best title for the text?
A．Train Your Brain to Resist Junk Food
B．Watch Out for Tricky Marketing Tools
C．Food Addiction Is Never About Willpower
D．Smelling Junk Food Longer Can Keep You Off It


二、七选五
Some people love a great thunderstorm; others are frightened by the first flash of lightning or sound of thunder. ____16____ But there are easy steps you can take to protect your home and your life from lightning.
Protect Electronics from Severe Weather
____17____ It can follow the wires or phone lines into your room—ruining computers, TVs and other electronics. One protection against electronics being “fried” by lightning is simply to unplug them whenever a rain or a storm is coming. Disconnect Internet and satellite dish connections no matter where they are.
Reduce the Risk of Fire
Lightning rods (避雷针) can protect a building from catching fire. ____18____ They just provide a path for the electricity to reach the ground more safely. The rods at the top of the building are only the first part of a good system. When lightning strikes, the electricity needs to move to the ground. Wires conduct electricity from the lightning rods to metal rods buried in the ground. ____19____
Understand Lightning
When lightning hits the ground, a tree, a tower or even a building, it may also spreads along the ground, so being near something that’s struck by lightning is almost as dangerous as being hit directly by lightning. ____20____ The Empire State Building gets struck by lightning around 20 times every year. Its lightning rod protects the structure, as well as the people inside.
A．It can even strike the same spot more than once.
B．You might want to consider protecting an entire building.
C．When this happens, anything in its path could be in danger.
D．But the chance of lightning striking your house doesn’t change.
E．Each connection must be secure so lightning doesn’t jump to the building.
F．Lightning hitting your roof or nearby power lines is terrible but not worst.
G．Whether you love or hate them, thunderstorms produce dangerous lightning.


三、完形填空
When I was in primary school, my school had an annual sports day. Usually, girls were ____21____ in sports like jump rope and boys did the high jump, which I was ____22____ to take part in. I went to ____23____ up, but the coach said, “Girls don’t do the high jump.”
I went home and ____24____ Mom of the coach’s words. She visited the headmaster the next day. “Mr. White, Linda wants to do the high jump.” “Sorry, Mrs. Martinez, but it’s our ____25____ that girls can’t do it,” he said. “But Mr. White, I have no ____26____ of any rules saying that.” Finding no such rules, Mr. White, feeling ____27____, said “I have to consider it” at last.
When we got home, Mom told me something I would always ____28____: This wasn’t just about me. Other girls ____29____ wanted to do this, too. A week later, Mom went to Mr. White again. Finally, he _____30_____. As it turned out, I won the high jump competition. To my _____31_____, some of the cheers I got were from boys! My mother was _____32_____ — it wasn’t about me. It was about making people _____33_____ and see what girls could do. Later, I used this _____34_____ in my career as a building contractor — women weren’t _____35_____ to construct buildings. When I first _____36_____ the business, Mom said, “Go ahead. Start small, but think _____37_____.” I started with small projects and now my company can handle large ones.
Those experiences taught me though people wouldn’t always _____38_____ us, we should be brave to jump over _____39_____ and take paths few girls and women would take. And this has really made a _____40_____.
21．A．interested B．involved C．skilled D．gifted
22．A．anxious B．hesitant C．ready D．afraid
23．A．build B．fix C．make D．sign
24．A．reminded B．informed C．convinced D．warned
25．A．convention B．conclusion C．compromise D．criterion
26．A．opinion B．sense C．knowledge D．intention
27．A．concerned B．annoyed C．discouraged D．embarrassed
28．A．remember B．undertake C．consider D．seek
29．A．accidentally B．obviously C．probably D．rarely
30．A．insisted B．agreed C．declined D．quit
31．A．satisfaction B．delight C．relief D．surprise
32．A．certain B．wrong C．right D．realistic
33．A．think about B．argue about C．approve of D．talk of
34．A．rule B．remark C．truth D．lesson
35．A．demanded B．qualified C．supposed D．designed
36．A．made way for B．set foot in C．threw light on D．kept track of
37．A．big B．hard C．long D．deep
38．A．help B．mind C．accept D．need
39．A．poles B．fences C．risks D．boundaries
40．A．point B．difference C．start D．hit


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With about half of the vast country covered in wilderness, China is the world’s third most species-rich country. Therefore, China’s ___41___(achieve) in biodiversity conservation and wilderness protection are important to the future of global biodiversity conservation.
The vital biodiversity, ___42___(combine) with a large population, has led the government to reconsider its protected area system and transform some wilderness areas such as the rainforest in Hainan ___43___formal national parks. The new national park system will make it more practical ___44___(preserve) habitats and species. The aim is to preserve biodiversity and ensure a ___45___(harmony) relation between humans and nature.
The national parks cross China’s vast ecosystems, from the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park in the south ___46___the Hainan gibbon—a critically endangered species live, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, the Wuyi Mountain National Park to the Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Platau—___47___source of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Lancang River. The diversity of species and habitats under protection ___48___(reflect) in these parks’ names.
The national parks are open to all. Visitors can make reservations online in advance ___49___book on the spot. They should acquire a little local knowledge to get ___50___ (they) ready for the amazing trip and maximize their enjoyment.


五、短文改错
51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
To enrich students’ school life, an excited competition was held on last Saturday on the school playground. Ten boys and ten girls selected by each class lined beside the rope and grasped it, eager waiting for the start. With the whistle blowing, the participants tried their best to pull the rope, while those standing by cheered desperately for him. Eventually, every students of the class won the competition was awarded a delicate notebook.
The competition was highly thought by students. Not only did it build up their bodies, but also strengthen their teamwork. Plus, the competition received positive response from parents and teachers, what made a hit in the circle of WeChat.

六、邀请信
52．假定你是李华，你校将举办主题为“My dream of becoming a scientist”的演讲比赛。请给你校的交换生Eric写封邮件，邀请他一起参加，内容包括：
1.发出邀请;
2.比赛信息;
3.表达期待。
注意：
1.词数80左右;
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．B 2．A 3．C

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了欧洲的四个不同寻常的旅游度假胜地。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“In addition, you can take your unusual holiday experience even further by volunteering in Eastern Europe’s largest bear reserve and working with bears. (此外，你可以在东欧最大的熊保护区做志愿者，并与熊一起工作，从而让你的不同寻常的假期体验更进一步。)”可知，作者建议游客在特兰西瓦尼亚旅行时去东欧最大的熊保护区做志愿者，帮忙照顾熊。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。 根据第四段第一句“For a European holiday with a difference, take part in a plastic cleanup project based in Barcelona, help to empty plastic waste in the Mediterranean Sea and help protect the environment as you travel. (对于一个与众不同的欧洲假期，参加一个位于巴塞罗那的塑料清理项目，帮助清理地中海的塑料垃圾，并在旅行时保护环境。)”可知，游客在西班牙潜水的时候也可以清除海里的塑料垃圾从而为环保出一分力。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Tuscany, one of the best places in Europe to explore on horseback, has witnessed a sharp increase in travelers. (托斯卡纳是欧洲骑马探险的最佳地点之一，游客数量急剧增加。)”可知，托斯卡纳是骑马度假的胜地之一，来这个地区游玩的游客数量激增。由此可推知，托斯卡纳的骑马度假越来越受欢迎。故选C项。
4．D 5．C 6．A 7．B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在老师Patrick Walsh的带领下，学校的学生合力种下了一片小森林，在若干年后，这个地区将成为动物和居民的自然栖息地和游乐场。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Forests typically take hundreds of years to mature, with four stages of growth. “Tiny forests flatten out time through the planting of all four layers (层),” Walsh explained. The end result is a fast—growing, native forest in about 20 years. (森林通常需要数百年才能成熟，有四个生长阶段。Walsh解释说：“小森林通过种植所有四层植物将时间变快。”最终的结果是在大约20年的时间里，一个快速生长的原生森林。)”可知森林通常需要数百年才能成熟，但是小森林的生长时间大大缩短了，即他们在较短的时间内变得成熟；故选D项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中““Something I didn’t really expect was the outpouring of students’ enthusiasm. Seeing students from all grades volunteered to contribute to the ‘dirty work’ really blew me away,” Walsh said. (“我没有预料到的是学生们的热情会如此高涨。看到来自各个年级的学生自愿参与‘脏活’，我真的惊呆了。”Walsh说。)”可知Walsh 没有预料到学生们的热情会如此高，各个年级的学生都积极参与进来，这让他震惊；故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Senior Megan Cover has been at the school since the first grade. “I’ll graduate after working on this project, which is surely sad, but it’s really rewarding and great to be a part of this project and to do my bit. We’re creating this educational space for many young kids,” Cover said. (高三学生Megan从一年级开始就在学校了。“我将在完成这个项目之后毕业，这当然令人难过，但是能够参与这个项目并尽自己的一份力量，真的是一件非常有意义和伟大的事情。我们正在为许多年轻孩子创造这样的教育空间。”)”可知Megan认为这是一件非常有意义和伟大的事情，由此可推断，她为自己能够参与到小森林项目中为孩子们创造一片具有教育意义的空间感到自豪；故选A项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The forest will obviously not solve climate change, but it would deserve the efforts if the kids think about climate change and remember the importance of reforestation and trees when they look outside at the forest.” (森林显然不能解决气候变化问题，但是如果孩子们能够考虑到气候变化问题，并且在看到森林的时候记住重新造林和树木的重要性，那么这些努力都是值得的。”)”可知，Walsh认为如果孩子们看到小森林时能想到气候变化问题以及重新造林和树木的重要性，那他们付出的努力就值得；由此可推断，Walsh希望小森林能够对学生们起到提醒作用，故选B项。
8．D 9．B 10．D 11．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 Lila Gleitman 因女儿的一句话改变了职业生涯，创立了心理语言学以及她和另外一位学者随后在儿童语言学习方面进行的一些研究。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Lila Gleitman was driving her two-year-old daughter in the car when, going across a sharp turn, she advised her daughter to “hold on tight”. The kid responded, “Isn’t that ‘tightly’?” (Lila Gleitman驾驶着两岁的女儿在车上行驶时，遇到急转弯时，她建议女儿‘抓紧’。孩子回答说：‘这不应该是这个紧吗？’)”可知，作者在和女儿对话时，女儿对她关于“紧”的表达产生了疑问；根据第二段第一句“It was a turning point in her career. (这是她职业生涯的转折点)”可知，前文女儿对于词汇的疑问成了 Gleitman 事业的转折点。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“But she found that children obey instructions better when their parents use adult-style English than when they copy their kids. (但她发现，当父母使用成人风格的英语时，孩子们比他们模仿孩子时更遵守指令)”可知，Lila Gleitman发现当父母使用成人式英语时，孩子们能更好地听从他们的指示。故选B项。
10．词义猜测题。根据最后一段第二句“They often seem to correctly guess what a word means after hearing it just once. (他们往往在听到一次单词后就能正确地猜出它的意思)”可知，孩子们似乎经常会在听到一个词一次后立刻猜出这个词的正确含义，这是孩子们在学习语言时运用一些策略。因此，可推测deploy应意为“利用”，与use“利用”意思相近。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“More broadly, it turned out that verbs which are similar in meaning tend to turn up in similar sentence structures. This helps children learn quickly, a process she called “syntactic bootstrapping (语法自举)”. (更广泛地说，事实证明，意义相似的动词往往出现在相似的句子结构中。这有助于孩子快速学习，这个过程被她称为‘语法自举’)”可知，孩子们会从相似的句子结构中猜测单词的含义。故选C项。
12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明长时间闻垃圾食品的气味会降低消费者的购买欲望。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“It is a response that has been researched, and you’d better believe your favorite fast-food chains have marketing teams that are using that research to their advantage.”（这种反应已经被研究，你最好相信你最喜欢的快餐连锁店的营销团队利用该研究为自身谋利。）可知，垃圾食品公司知道他们产品的气味会激起人们的购买欲望，在营销中也会利用这一特点谋利。故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段首句“Let’s take a closer look at this process.”（让我们仔细看看这个过程。）并结合下文内容可知，本段以人们的切身经历为例，具体说明垃圾食品的气味对人们的购买行为产生的影响。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段中最后一句“The results of a series of experiments show that extended exposure of more than two minutes to junk food smells leads to fewer purchases of unhealthy foods”（一系列的实验结果表明，闻垃圾食品的气味超过两分钟会导致对不健康食品的购买欲降低）可知，Biswas 发现闻垃圾食品的气味的时间变长，人们购买的欲望就降低，即：食物气味的影响会随着时间变长而改变，故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据第四段第二句“Extended exposure to an indulgent food smell brings pleasure in the mind, which in turn reduces the desire for actual consumption of indulgent foods”（延长闻放纵型食品的时长会给大脑带来满足，这种满足感会降低购买该种产品的欲望。）并结合上文实验结果可知，本文主要介绍的是长时间闻垃圾食品的气味会降低消费者的购买欲望。故选D。
16．G 17．F 18．D 19．E 20．A

【导语】本文是说明文。本文介绍了人们在雷雨天气应如何确保自己和财产安全。
16．根据上文“Some people love a great thunderstorm; others are frightened by the first flash of lightning or sound of thunder.(有些人喜欢大雷雨；另一些人则会被第一道闪电或雷声吓到)”以及后文“But there are easy steps you can take to protect your home and your life from lightning.(但你可以采取一些简单的措施来保护你的家和你的生活免受闪电的伤害)”可知，空前提到有些人喜欢雷雨天气，有些人却害怕闪电或雷声。空后又提到可采取一些简单的措施来保护你的家和你的生活免受闪电的伤害。G项中的“Whether you love or hate them”与前文相呼应，“thunderstorms produce dangerous lightning”说明了人们为什么需要采取措施以防受到伤害，与后文呼应。故G项“不管你喜欢还是讨厌雷暴，雷暴都会产生危险的闪电”符合语境。故选G。
17．根据后文“It can follow the wires or phone lines into your room—ruining computers, TVs and other electronics.(它可以跟随电线或电话线进入你的房间，破坏电脑、电视和其他电子产品)”可知，空后提到它会顺着电线或电话线进入你的家，毁坏电脑、电视和其他电子设备。由此可推断，空处应介绍闪电发生时的一种情况。F项提到“闪电击中了你家的屋顶或附近的输电线，这很糟糕但不是最坏的”，与空后一句描述的更糟糕的情况衔接。故选F。
18．根据上文“Lightning rods (避雷针) can protect a building from catching fire.(避雷针可以防止建筑物着火)”以及后文“They just provide a path for the electricity to reach the ground more safely.(它们只是为电力更安全地到达地面提供了一条通道)”可知，空前提到避雷针能保护建筑物避免着火，空后提到它们只是为闪电提供了一条更安全到达地面的通道。再根据空后的just可推断，空处应指出了避雷针不能起到的作用。D项“但是闪电击中你的房子的概率不会改变”与上下文相衔接。故选D。
19．根据上文“Wires conduct electricity from the lightning rods to metal rods buried in the ground.(电线将电流从避雷针传导到埋在地下的金属棒)”可知，空前提到避雷针只是一个良好的安全系统的首要环节电缆将电从避雷针导入埋在地下的金属棒。由此可知，空处应与用电缆导电可能会带来的危险及应对措施有关。故E项“每处接头都必须安全以防闪电移动至建筑物上”承接上文。故选E。
20．根据本段的小标题和空后“The Empire State Building gets struck by lightning around 20 times every year. Its lightning rod protects the structure, as well as the people inside.(帝国大厦每年被闪电击中约20次。它的避雷针保护着建筑物，也保护着里面的人)”可知，空处应与同一个地方可能多次被闪电击中有关。本句是对下文现象的概括描述，A选项中的“more than once”与下文的“around 20 times”相照应，故A项“它甚至可以击中同一个地点不止一次”符合语境。故选A。

21．B 22．A 23．D 24．B 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．A 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．C 36．B 37．A 38．C 39．D 40．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己参加学校运动会和创业的经历告诉我们：要勇于打破界限，胸怀大志，从小事做起。
21．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：通常，女孩子参加跳绳之类的运动，男孩子（参加）跳高，我很想参加跳高。A. (be) interested (in)对……感兴趣；B. (be) involved (in)参与；C. (be) skilled (in)擅长；D. (be) gifted (in)在……方面有天赋。根据下文“Girls don’t do the high jump.”可推知，在学校里通常女孩参与跳绳之类的运动，不参与跳高，be involved in“参与”符合语境。故选B。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常，女孩子参加跳绳之类的运动，男孩子（参加）跳高，我很想参加跳高。A. anxious渴望的；B. hesitant犹豫的；C. ready准备好的；D. afraid害怕的。根据下文“Linda wants to do the high jump”可知，作者渴望参加跳高项目。故选A。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我去报名，但教练说：“女生不跳高。”A. build (up)建立；B. fix (up)修理；C. make (up)组成，构成；D. sign (up)报名。根据下文“… but the coach said, “Girls don’t do the high jump.”可知，教练拒绝作者参加跳高项目，所以作者应该是去报名了。故选D。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回到家，把教练的话告诉了妈妈。A. reminded提醒；B. informed告知；C. convinced使确信；D. warned使警惕。根据下文“Mom of the coach’s words”可推知，作者应该是被教练的话告诉了妈妈。故选B。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“对不起，马丁内斯太太，但我们的惯例是女孩不能这样做。”A. convention惯例；B. conclusion结论；C. compromise妥协（或折中）方案；D. criterion标准。根据上文“Usually, girls were ____1____ in sports like jump rope and boys did the high jump”可知，此处指校长说女生不参加跳高是学校的惯例。故选A。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，怀特先生，我不知道有什么规定这么说。A. opinion看法；B. sense理解力；C. knowledge知道；D. intention目的。根据下文“of any rules saying that”可推知，作者的妈妈应该是和校长说不知道有女生不参加跳高的规定，knowledge“知道”符合语境，have no knowledge of是固定短语，意为“不知道”。故选C。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：怀特先生发现没有这样的规定，感到很尴尬，最后说了“我必须考虑一下”。A. concerned担心的；B. annoyed恼怒的；C. discouraged沮丧的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“Finding no such rules”可知，校长发现没有这样的规定，所以应该会感到尴尬。故选D。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到家后，妈妈对我说了一些我永远不会忘记的话：这不仅仅是我一个人的事。A. remember记得；B. undertake承担；C. consider仔细考虑；D. seek谋求。根据下文“This wasn’t just about me”和作者后来的经历可推知，作者一直记着妈妈说的话。故选A。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：其他女孩可能也想这么做。A. accidentally偶然地；B. obviously显然；C. probably可能；D. rarely很少。根据上文“This wasn’t just about me”可知，妈妈认为这件事不仅关乎作者一个人，所以应该是其他女孩可能也想这么做。故选C。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，他同意了。A. insisted坚持；B. agreed同意；C. declined拒绝；D. quit放弃。根据下文“I won the high jump competition”可知，作者赢了跳高比赛，所以校长最终应该是同意了。故选B。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，我得到的一些欢呼来自男孩！A. satisfaction满意；B. delight高兴；C. relief宽慰；D. surprise惊讶。根据下文“some of the cheers I got were from boys”可知，作为女生的作者在参加跳高比赛获胜时有男生为其欢呼，这应该会令作者感到惊讶。故选D。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈是对的，这和我无关。A. certain确定的；B. wrong错误的；C. right对的；D. realistic实际的。根据下文“it wasn’t about me”可知，作者认为妈妈之前说的话是对的。故选C。
33．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是为了让人们思考看看女孩能做什么。A. think about思考；B. argue about因……争论；C. approve of赞成；D. talk of谈及。根据上文作者作为女生参加了跳高比赛并赢得比赛，以及“see what girls could do”可推知，这件事会让人们思考看看女孩能做什么。故选A。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，我在建筑承包商的职业生涯中运用了这个经验——女人不应该建造建筑。A. rule规则；B. remark评论；C. truth真理；D. lesson经验。根据上文“It was about making people ____13____ and see what girls could do.”可知，作者认识到自己的行为对人们思考女性能力的影响，所以是将这一经验运用到建筑承包商的职业中。故选D。
35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来，我在建筑承包商的职业生涯中吸取了这个经验——女性不应该建造建筑。A. (be) demanded (to)被要求做；B. (be) qualified (to)能胜任做；C. (be) supposed (to)(按规定、习惯、安排等)应当；D. (be) designed (to)被设计用来做。根据上文作者想参加跳高比赛时，教练和校长都认为女孩不应该跳高可知，此处指女性不应该建造建筑。故选C。
36．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我第一次涉足这个行业时，妈妈说……A. made way for给……让路，；B. set foot in进入；C. threw light on使（问题等）较容易理解；D. kept track of了解……的动态。根据上文“my career as a building contractor”可推知，作者涉足建筑承包商的行业。故选B。
37．考查副词词义辨析。句意：从小事做起，但志向要远大。A. big大大地；B. hard努力地；C. long长久地；D. deep深地。根据上文“Start small”和“but”可知，此处语义有转折，从小事做起，但志向要远大，think big是固定短语，意为“志向远大，有雄心壮志”。故选A。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些经历教会了我，虽然人们并不总是接受我们，但我们应该勇敢地跨越界限，走很少有女孩和女性会走的路。A. help帮助；B. mind介意；C. accept接受；D. need需要。根据上文作者作为女生想参加跳高比赛受到阻碍，作者涉足的建筑承包商行业不接纳女性可推知，此处指人们并不总是接受女性做一些特定的事情。故选C。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些经历教会了我，虽然人们并不总是接受我们，但我们应该勇敢地跨越界限，走很少有女孩和女性会走的路。A. poles杆子；B. fences栅栏；C. risks风险；D. boundaries界限。根据上文作者作为女生想参加跳高比赛受到阻碍，作者涉足的建筑承包商行业不接纳女性可推知，此处指女性应当跨越这些界限，打破成见。故选D。
40．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这真的会产生影响。A. (make a) point提出观点；B. (make a) difference有影响；C. (make a) start着手；D. (make a) hit给（某人）留下很好的第一印象。根据上文作者参与跳高比赛赢得比赛，收获男孩们的欢呼，把建筑承包商事业发展地很好可推知，此处指跨越界限真的会产生影响。故选B。

41．achievements 42．combined 43．into 44．to preserve 45．harmonious 46．where 47．the 48．is reflected 49．or 50．themselves

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国在生物多样性保护和荒野保护方面取得的成就对全球生物多样性保护的未来具有重要意义。政府重新考虑其保护区体系，并将一些荒野地区，如海南的热带雨林，转变为正式的国家公园，新的国家公园系统将使保护栖息地和物种更加实际。
41．考查名词。句意：因此，中国在生物多样性保护和荒野保护方面取得的成就对全球生物多样性保护的未来具有重要意义。设空处在句中作主语，根据谓语动词are，可知句子的主语应为复数的形式。故填achievements。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：至关重要的生物多样性，加上庞大的人口，促使政府重新考虑其保护区体系，并将一些荒野地区，如海南的热带雨林，转变为正式的国家公园。设空处在句中作非谓语，和句子的逻辑主语之间The vital biodiversity是逻辑的被动关系，设空处应用动词的过去分词的形式。故填combined。
43．考查介词。句意见上题解析。固定搭配transform…into…把……转变成，故填into。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：新的国家公园系统将使保护栖息地和物种更加实际。设空处在句中作非谓语，表示目的应用动词不定式的形式。故填to preserve。
45．考查形容词。句意：目的是保护生物多样性，确保人与自然之间的和谐关系。设空处后为名词， 设空处应用形容词的形式修饰名词。故填harmonious。
46．考查定语从句。这些国家公园横跨中国广阔的生态系统，从生活着极度濒危物种海南长臂猿的南方海南热带雨林国家公园，到大熊猫国家公园、东北虎豹国家公园、武夷山国家公园，再到位于黄河、长江和澜沧江源头的青藏高原上的三江源国家公园。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park在句中做地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故填where。
47．考查冠词。句意见上题解析。根据空后的“of the Yellow River (黄河之滨)”可知，此处表示特指，应用定冠词。故填the。
48．考查谓语动词。句意：这些公园的名字反映了受保护的物种和栖息地的多样性。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语之间是被动关系，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为the diversity of species and habitats，结合主谓一致。故填is reflected。
49．考查连词。句意：游客可以提前在网上预订或现场预订。设空处表示选择，意为“或”、“还是”。故填or。
50．考查反身代词。句意：他们应该掌握一些当地的知识，为这次奇妙的旅行做好准备，最大限度地享受旅行的乐趣。当主语they和宾语是同一群人时，应用反身代词作get的宾语。故填themselves。
51．1. excited→exciting
2. 删除last前面的on
3. eager→eagerly
4. blowing→blown
5. him→them
6. every后面的students→student
7. won→winning
8. 在thought和by之间增加of
9. strengthen→strengthened
10. what→which
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了学校举办拔河比赛，学生热情参与，家长和老师们积极响应。
【详解】1. 考查形容词。句意：为了丰富学生们的校园生活，上周六在学校操场上举行了一场激动人心的比赛。此处是修饰competition的定语，描述比赛的性质，应用形容词exciting，意为“令人激动的”。故将excited改为exciting。
2. 考查固定短语。句意：为了丰富学生们的校园生活，上周六在学校操场上举行了一场激动人心的比赛。此处表示“上周六”，用固定短语last Saturday，不需要介词on。故删除last前面的on。
3. 考查副词。句意：每个班选出十个男孩和十个女孩，站在绳子旁边，紧紧抓住绳子，急切地等待着开始。此处修饰动词waiting，应用副词eagerly，意为“急切地”。故将eager改为eagerly。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：随着哨声的吹响，参与者们拼命地拉绳子，而站在旁边的学生则拼命地为他们加油。此处用with的复合结构，blow和逻辑主语whistle是动宾关系，应用blow的过去分词形式blown。故将blowing改为blown。
5. 考查代词。句意：随着哨声的吹响，参与者们拼命地拉绳子，而站在旁边的学生则拼命地为他们加油。结合句意可知，此处指站在旁边的学生则拼命地为参加拔河比赛的同学们加油，应用代词them指代参加拔河比赛的同学们。故将him改为them。
6. 考查名词的数。句意：最终，赢得比赛的班级的每个学生都获得了一本精美的笔记本。此处every修饰可数名词的单数形式，应用student的单数形式。故将every后面的students改为student。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：最终，赢得比赛的班级的每个学生都获得了一本精美的笔记本。此处“赢得比赛”作the class的后置定语，且逻辑主语the class和win之间是主谓关系，应用win的现在分词形式winning。故将won改为winning。
8. 考查介词。句意：学生们对这次比赛评价很高。结合句意可知，此处表示“被给予很高评价”，应用固定短语be highly thought of，of不可少。故在thought和by之间增加of。
9. 考查时态。句意：这不仅锻炼了他们的身体，也加强了他们的团队合作。文章叙述的是过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，且Not only did it build up their bodies也用一般过去时，此处应用一般过去时，strengthen需用过去式strengthened。故将strengthen改为strengthened。
10. 考查定语从句。句意：此外，比赛得到了家长和老师的积极响应，在微信朋友圈引起了轰动。此处引导非限制性定语从句，对前面整句话进行补充说明，从句中缺少主语，应该用关系代词which。故将what改为which。
52．Dear Eric,
I’m writing to invite you to take part in the speech contest to be held in our school.
The contest whose theme is “My dream of becoming a scientist” is scheduled to start in the school lecture hall next Friday afternoon. It’s aimed at arousing students’ interest in science and encouraging students to show their talents. Five professors will be invited to be judges and the first six winners will be given awards, some of which are artworks featuring traditional Chinese culture.
Come and join us! Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求写一封邀请信，邀请交换生Eric来参加学校举行的演讲比赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：take part in→participate in
比赛：contest→competition
激发：arouse →stimulate
鼓励：encourage→inspire
2.句式拓展
并列句变复合句
原句：Come and join us!
拓展句：I will be very delighted if you can come and join us!
【点睛】【高分句型1】The contest whose theme is “My dream of becoming a scientist” is scheduled to start in the school lecture hall next Friday afternoon. （运用了whose引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】Five professors will be invited to be judges and the first six winners will be given awards, some of which are artworks featuring traditional Chinese culture. （运用了介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句）