高考英语单项选择专项训练

这是一份高考英语单项选择专项训练，共19页。
单项选择
1．Judging from his face ________there was a confident smile, we knew that he didn’t lose heart.
A．in which
B．from which
C．by which
D．on which
2．—What in the world put you in a really bad mood?
—________in the traffic for hours.
A．Stuck
B．Being stuck
C．To be stuck
D．Sticking
3．In the school gym, where the opening ceremony________, some teachers and students were making preparations.
A．is being held
B．will be held
C．has been held
D．was to be held
4．—I just can’t stop worrying about the school results of the midterm examination.
—________. There is nothing you can do now but study hard; keep calm and do your best.
A．Relax
B．Go ahead
C．Go for it
D．Good luck
5．—I________ turn on the TV for you, Grandpa?
—Yes, thanks a lot,  my dear. You’re so considerate.
A．Shall
B．Must
C．Will
D．Need
6．I first read the fashion magazine over a decade ago and________to it since.
A．subscribed
B．had subscribed
C．have subscribed
D．was subscribing
7．When the ________ crisis broke out, the employment rates ________.
A．economic; followed in others’ footsteps B．economic; got on their nerves
C．economical; stepped into others’ shoes D．economical; were put in motion
8．Her enthusiasm and________to the students over the past seven years has brought the school to the leading position in many areas.
A．judgement B．commitment C．competition D．evolution
9．The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, ________ us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.
A．reminded B．to be reminded C．reminding D．having reminded
10．Cooking together gives us a chance to relax and________on each other’s days.
A．weigh up B．pass up C．pick up D．catch up
11．Nobody is permitted _____ in the classroom.
A．eat B．to eat C．eating D．eaten
12．Smoking is_____ to your health, so please stop it.
A．slight B．energetic C．harmful D．unbelievable
13．After the speech, the boy went back to _____his mother was sitting.
A．when B．where C．whether D．why
14．I’m sorry I broke your vase I’ll_______it.
A．run out of B．make up for C．lose track of D．pass down
15．We will explore a different _______ to gathering information.
A．contribution B．adventure C．desire D．approach
16．If he takes on this work,he will have no choice but_______an even greater challenge
A．meet B．to meet C．meeting D．being met
17．I’m going to visit the factory__________your brother worked a few years ago.
A．that B．which C．in which D．from which
18．In autumn, there are so many _______ leaves on the ground.
A．fallen B．falling C．fall D．are falling
19．_______about her ideal university, Jenny said she had no idea.
A．Ask B．When asking C．Asking D．When asked
20．Good advertising, ________ people attach positive meaning, can contribute to the sales of a product.
A．to which B．of which C．for which D．on which
21．—Have you ever visited the Oriental Pearl TV Tower?
—Yes. When I was at university in Shanghai, I ________ it twice.
A．visited B．have visited C．had visited D．would visit
22．If I buy more than one, will you give me a________ ?
A．discount
B．change
C．bargain
D．compromise
23．—If we work on the project together, I do believe we should be able to complete it ahead of schedule.
—________! Many hands make light work.
A．You bet B．No way C．Have fun D．Forget it
24．One of the reasons why Charles Dickens loved his novel David Copperfield was________it was based on his own life.
A．what B．how C．that D．whether
25．Apparently, due to the new policy,________ years before, food waste has much decreased since last year.
A．to compare with
B．comparing with
C．being compared with
D．compared with
26．Actually, girls can be________they want to be just like boys, whether it is a soldier, a scientist, or an official.
A．no matter what
B．however
C．whatever
D．whoever
27．We should improve our ability to engage in international communication to tell the stories of China well and make the voice of China________globally.
A．hearing B．to hear C．having heard D．heard
28．They are constantly revising the dictionary to________changes in language.
A．cast B．suffer C．reflect D．prevent
29．His lifetime was spent generating new ideas and challenging outdated or________ones.
A．logical B．racial C．artificial D．controversial
30．Because Venus lost the water it originally had, most of its carbon dioxide ________ in its atmosphere, causing the planet to become very warm.
A． remained B． was remained
C． had remained D． had been remained
31．________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
A．Enjoying B．Enjoyed C．To enjoy D．Having enjoyed
32．All schools here ________ to remain shut until next month as a way of preventing the spread of the disease.
A．will order B．are ordering C．have been ordered D．had been ordered
33．As companies are trying hard to attract and keep young people for their technical skills and enthusiasm for change, office culture is becoming an ________ of youth culture.
A．expansion B．extension C．expression D．exhibition
34．________ with two job offers, we may wonder exactly what it is we’ re choosing between.
A．Having presented B．To be presented C．Presenting D．Presented
35．Last winter, part of Britain was struck by snowstorms, from ________ effects most passengers in Heathrow were suffering a lot, especially those with children.
A．which B．what C．whose D．that
36．I walked silently, so my mother would not hear me ________.
A．approach B．park C．survive D．disagree
37．The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________around $8450 a year, which ________a burden for some of them.
A．are; is B．are; are C．is; are D．is; is
38．________made the school proud was ________more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A．What; because
B．What; that
C．That; what
D．That; because
39．She sat by the window, ________her years of hard and rewarding work as a doctor.
A．preserving B．recalling C．liberating D．acclaiming
40．The thief was seen ________ his hand into an old man’s pocket and got arrested at once.
A．put B．putting C．to be put D．being put
41．_____is known to us all is that the 2024 Olympic Games will take place in Paris.
A．What B．It C．As D．Which
42．We decide to finish the work on time, ________ happens.
A．whenever B．whoever C．whatever D．however
43．I would appreciate________ if you do me a favor.
A．you B．which C．that D．it
44．______ that there is another football match on the air this evening.
A．It says B．It was said C．It is said D．What was said
45．_______ the college will take in more new students is true.
A．Whether B．That C．Why D．Who
46．_______ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
A．What B．That C．How D．Whether
47．_______ is reported in the newspaper, the earthquake in the east of Jiangxi Province killed 13 people.
A．It B．As C．That D．What
48．—How long does it take you to get to work?
—________ about twenty minutes.
A．Extremely B．Rarely C．Awfully D．Normally
49．Events at young ages help to ________ our character in later life.
A．pass B．reduce C．revise D．form
50．Mary hoped that she could go camping with her friends but she was told by her parents ______.
A．do not B．not to C．not do D．not to do
51．Few things ________ trust more than telling others a friend’s secrets.
A．adopt B．destroy C．stand D．recognize
52．Riding a bike helps develop a child’s sense of ______.
A．defence B．invention C．balance D．organization
53．It is the production of food, not its transport, ________ uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.
A．which B．what C．that D．where
54．The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of the famous athlete, who was reported ________ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle rece.
A．breaking B．having broken C．to have broken D．to be broken
55．Faced with a bill for $10,000, ________.
A．an extra job has been given to John B．the boss has given John an extra job
C．an extra job has been taken D．John has taken an extra job
56．—Can I go to the movies with you, Dad?
—Sorry, but only grown-ups are ________ into the cinema.
A．influenced B．contained C．admitted D．supposed
57．Darkness would make us more ________ of sight; silence would teach us the joy of sound.
A．aware B．appreciative C．delightful D．worthwhile
58．The experiment was made on the________ that air occupies space.
A．reason B．purpose C．assumption D．goal
59．Although masks can reduce the transmission of COVID-19, we should turn to healthier lifestyle choices ________decrease the risks of heart disease.
A．in order that B．such as to C．so as to D．so that
60．Usually, I feel exhausted after a tiring day so when I get home I like to________ on the sofa and listen to music.
A．collapse B．breathe C．embrace D．bend
61．All the department managers of the company were studying the plan that they would like to see _________ into practice the next month.
A．to put B．put C．to be putting D．putting
62．The shuttle Columbia was heading home when tragedy struck, _________ America and the world _________ what went wrong.
A．to leave, to wonder B．leaving, wondering
C．leaving, to wonder D．to leave, wondering
63．Despite the extreme condition, Deng Jiaxian refused to________from his responsibility and kept on conducting scientific research.
A．cut down
B．back down
C．put down
D．turn down
64．It looks like a storm ________. We’d better look for a shelter.
A．in the way
B．in the front
C．on the horizon
D．on the bottom
65．In order to get convincing evidence, researchers have ________the genes of more than 200 breast cancer patients in Chicago.
A．analysed B．associated C．attained D．acknowledged
66．________late he is, his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A．Whatever B．Whenever C．Wherever D．However
67．It is a must for speech makers to ________what he will present prior to the presentation.
A．overlook B．overcome C．pretend D．polish
68．He said that he would not be able to ________home for Christmas due to the stormy weather.
A．put it B．appreciate it C．name it D．make it
69．It is ________a made- up story, so we don’t take it too seriously.
A．everything more than
B．anything less than
C．nothing more than
D．something less than
70．What we need to do is to find a way to ________and express what we feel appropriately when we are upset.
A．assess B．advocate C．acknowledge D．Anticipate












参考答案：
1．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：从他脸上露出自信的微笑来看，我们知道他并没有灰心。空处引导定语从句，his face是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，带入从句中为there was a confident smile on his face，因此需用on which引导定语从句。故选D。
2．B
【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：——到底是什么让你心情不好？——陷入交通堵塞几个小时。be stuck in为固定短语，意为“陷入”，结合上文的“What”可知，此处需要主语，需用动名词形式作主语。故选B。
3．D
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在即将举行开幕式的学校体育馆，一些老师和学生正在做准备。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且根据“were making preparations”可知，此处使用过去将来时的被动语态。故选D。
4．A
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我只是无法停止担心学校的期中考试成绩。——放轻松。除了努力学习，你什么也做不了；保持冷静，全力以赴。A. Relax放轻松；B. Go ahead去做吧；C. Go for it放手向前，努力争取；D. Good luck祝你好运。根据“keep calm and do your best.”可知，此处是劝对方放轻松。故选A。
5．A
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——爷爷，我来帮你打开电视好吗？——是的，非常感谢，亲爱的。你真体贴。A. Shall应该，将会（在疑问句中和I连用，表示提出或者征求意见）；B. Must必须，一定；C. Will将；D. Need需要。根据“I”可知，此处表示征求意见。故选A。
6．C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我第一次读这本时尚杂志是在十多年前，从那以后我就订阅了它。根据“since”可知，使用现在完成时。故选C。
7．B
【详解】考查形容词和固定短语辨析。句意：当人们目睹经济危机爆发时，高失业率让他们心烦意乱。economic经济上的，经济学的；economical经济的，实惠的，节约的。A. followed in others’ footsteps跟随别人的脚步；B. got on their nerves使他们心烦意乱，让他们不安；C. stepped into others’ shoes设身处地；D. were put in motion开动。根据第一空后的“crisis”可知，此处指“经济危机”，应用形容词economic；根据“the high unemployment rate”可知，高失业率应是让人们心烦意乱。故选B。
8．B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的七年中，她对学生的热情和承诺使学校在许多领域处于领先地位。A. judgement判断；B. commitment献身，承诺；C. competition比赛；D. evolution进化。根据下文“to the students over the past seven years has brought the school to the leading position in many areas.”可知，此处表示对学生的承诺，固定搭配：commitment to“恪守承诺”。故选B。
9．C
【详解】考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：挑战者号的牺牲呼唤着我们，提醒着我们必须继续探索星空，不管它们看起来有多遥远。句子主语The sacrifice of the Challenger和remind之间是主动关系，是现在分词作伴随状语。故选C。
10．D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一起做饭给了我们一个放松和了解彼此生活的机会。A. weigh up权衡，估量；B. pass up拒绝，把……向上递；C.  pick up捡起，偶然学到，接收，中途打车；D. catch up赶上。固定搭配：catch up on“得到……消息，弥补”。故选D。
11．B
【详解】考查不定式。句意：谁也不许在教室里吃东西。permit sb. to do是固定短语，意为“允许某人做某事”，句中用的是被动语态，是sb. be permitted to do，因此空格处是to eat。故选B。
12．C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：吸烟对你的健康有害，所以请停止吸烟。A. slight轻微的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. harmful有害的；D. unbelievable难以置信的。由下文“so please stop it.”可知，吸烟对身体有害，所以停止吸烟，be harmful to固定搭配，意为“对……有害”，故选C。
13．B
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：演讲结束后，男孩回到他妈妈坐的地方。介词to后面是宾语从句，从句不缺主语和谓语，sit是不及物动词，结合句意从句缺少一个地点状语，所以设空处填where引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句中作地点状语。故选B。
14．B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：对不起，我打碎了你的花瓶，我会赔偿的。A. run out of用完；B. make up for弥补，补偿；C. lose track of失去联系；D. pass down传递下来。结合句意，因为打碎了花瓶，所以要补偿。故选B项。
15．D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们将探索不同的收集信息的方法。A. contribution贡献；B. adventure冒险；C.desire欲望，渴望；D.approach方法，途径。后面介词to 加doing 作定语，搜集信息需要使用一定的方法途径。the approach to doing意为“做某事的方法”，符合句意。故选D项。
16．B
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：如果他接受这项工作，他将别无选择，只能迎接更大的挑战。have no choice but to do sth.为固定用法，意为“除了……别无选择”。故选B项。
17．C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我将去参观你哥哥几年前工作过的工厂。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，先行词为the factory，关系词在后面的定语从句中作逻辑上的地点状语，“在工厂”是in a factory，因此用关系副词where或者in which引导定语从句。故选C。
18．A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：秋天，地上有很多落叶。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词are，空处需填非谓语动词作定语，排除C项和D项；falling表示“正在落下的”，不符合题意；此处fall和leaves为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式表示完成的动作。故选A。
19．D
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及理想的大学时，Jenny说她不知道。根据句意可知，when引导的时间状语从句意为“当她被问及理想的大学时”，由said可知，时态是一般过去时，她是被问，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，因此when引导的从句是when she was asked，从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是When asked。故选D。
20．A
【详解】考查定语从句和固定搭配。句意：人们赋予积极的意义好广告可以促进产品的销售。分析句子可知，空处是“介词+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，attach ...to...附上，添加，固定搭配，故此处介词用to，先行词是Good advertising，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，应用关系代词which，故选A。
21．A
【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：——你参观过东方明珠电视塔吗？——是的。当我在上海上大学的时候，我去过两次。根据时间状语从句“When I was at university in Shanghai”可知，此处是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故选A。
22．A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我多买一个，你会给我打折吗? A. discount打折；B. change零钱；C. bargain便宜货；D. compromise妥协。根据“If I buy more than one,”可知，希望多买一个能给予打折。故选A。
23．A
【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——如果我们一起做这个项目，我相信我们能够提前完成它。——肯定的！人多好办事。A. You bet肯定地；没问题；B. No way没门；C. Have fun玩得愉快；D. Forget it不必在意。根据“Many hands make light work.”可知，一起做这个项目肯定能提前完成。故选A。
24．C
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：查尔斯·狄更斯喜欢他的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的原因之一是它是以他自己的生活为基础的。空处引导表语从句，且从句完整，故用连接词that引导该从句。One reason is that…/one of the reason is that…/ The reason is that…为固定句型，意为“一个原因是……；原因之一是……；原因是……”。故选C项。
25．D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：显然，由于新政策，与前几年相比，食物浪费自去年以来已经大大减少。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词has decreased，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，food waste和compare with为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故选D。
26．C
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：事实上，女孩可以像男孩一样成为任何她们想成为的人，无论是士兵，科学家还是官员。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少表语，表示“无论什么”，应用whatever引导。故选C。
27．D
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：我们应该提高参与国际交流的能力，讲好中国故事，让全球听到中国的声音。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作宾语补足语。宾语the voice of China与hear是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。故选D。
28．C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们不断修订字典以反映语言的变化。A. cast投射；B. suffer遭受；C. reflect反映，反射；D. prevent阻止。根据句意可知，此处为动词reflect“反映”，满足句意要求。故选C项。
29．D
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的一生都在创造新想法和挑战过时或有争议的想法。A. logical合乎逻辑的；B. racial种族的；C. artificial人造的；D. controversial有争议的。前文提到“His lifetime was spent generating new ideas and challenging outdated”（他的一生都在创造新想法和挑战过时的想法），根据语境此处可表示挑战“有争议的想法”。故选D。
30．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：因为金星失去了原来的水，大部分二氧化碳留在了大气中，导致这颗行星变得非常温暖。根据前文lost可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，remain“留下”是不及物动词，没有被动语态。故选A项。
31．C
【详解】考查不定式。句意：为了享受数字支付的便利，许多老人开始使用智能手机。A. Enjoying享受；B. Enjoyed享受；C. To enjoy为了享受；D. Having enjoyed享受过。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语started，空处应为非谓语动词，结合句意可知表示目的，应用不定式，故选C项。
32．C
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这里所有的学校都被命令关闭到下个月，以防止疾病的传播。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据句意可知，“所有的学校已经关门了”时态是现在完成时，即“have/has done”；All schools和动词shut为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故选C项。
33．B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于各公司都在努力吸引和留住具有技术能力和变革热情的年轻人，办公室文化正在成为青年文化的延伸。A. expansion扩大；B. extension延伸；C. expression表达；D. exhibition展览。根据空后“of youth culture”及常识可知，此处指办公室文化正在成为青年文化的延伸。故选B。
34．D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对两份工作机会，我们可能会想知道到底是什么让我们在两者之间做出选择（如何选择要看自己真正看重的是什么）。句中已有谓语动词wonder，所以此处为非谓语作状语，present与主语we之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动和完成，作状语。故选D。

35．C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年冬天，英国部分地区遭受了暴风雪的袭击，希思罗机场的大多数乘客都受到了暴风雪的影响，尤其是那些有孩子的乘客。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是snowstorms，关系词替代先行词在从句中作effects的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故选C。

36．A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我悄悄地走着，这样妈妈就不会听到我靠近。A. approach靠近；B. park停车，泊车；C. survive幸存；D. disagree不同意。由“I walked silently”可知，句子表示“我悄悄地走着，这样妈妈就不会听到我靠近”，空格处意为“靠近”，故选A。
37．A
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：该大学估计，国际学生每年的生活费约为8450美元，这对其中一些人来说是一种负担。分析句子结构，这是一个包含宾语从句和定语从句的复合句，宾语从句在动词estimates后面作主句的宾语，定语从句为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面一整句话表达的内容，两个空白处均需填系动词，宾语从句的主语为复数名词expenses，所以系动词与主语保持一致，使用复数形式；定语从句的主语为句子的主句，根据主谓一致的用法，当单个句子作主语的时候，谓语动词使用单数，因整个句子表达的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，所以第一个答题空填are；第二个答题空填is，故选A项。
38．B
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：让学校感到骄傲的是，超过90%的学生被重点大学录取。分析句子结构，这是个包含主语从句和表语从句的复合句，第一个空白处在主语从句中作主语指内容，使用连接代词what连接主语从句；第二个空白处在表语从句中不做成分，使用连接代词that连接表语从句，故第一个空白处填what，第二个空白处填that，故选B项。
39．B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她坐在窗边，回忆着她多年来辛勤而有回报的医生工作。A. preserving保护；B. recalling回忆；C. liberating解放；D. acclaiming 欢呼；喝采。根据“She sat by the window,”可知，她坐在窗边回忆事情。故选B。
40．B
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：小偷被看见正把手伸进一位老人的口袋里，他立即就被逮捕了。根据句意及“got arrested at once”可知，此处指有人看见小偷正在把手伸进一个老人的口袋里，故用现在分词作主语补足语，表示动作正在进行，see sb. doing固定搭配，意为“看见某人正在做某事”，sb.作主语，改为被动sb. be seen doing sth,，意为“某人被看见正在做”。故选B。
41．A
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：众所周知，2024年奥运会将在巴黎举行。分析句子结构和意思可知，_____is known to us all是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指“……的事情”，用链接代词what。故选A。
42．C
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：不管发生什么事，我们决定按时完成工作。A.whenever无论何时； B.whoever无论是谁；C.whatever无论什么；D.however无论如何。根据happens可知，此处是指无论发生什么，所以应用whatever引导让步状语从句。故选C。
43．D
【详解】考查it作形式宾语。句意：如果你能帮我一个忙，我会很感激的。A. you你；B. which哪一个，……的那个；C. that那个，用于某些动词、形容词和名词后，引出各种从句；D. it它。分析可知，“if you do me a favor”为动词“appreciate”的真正宾语从句，因此设空应是“it”作形式宾语。故选D项。
44．C
【详解】考查主语从句和固定句型。句意：据说今天晚上还要播放一场足球比赛。分析可知，该句应是“It is/was said that…”，固定句型，意为“据说……”，其中“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。结合从句为一般现在时，主句应是保持时态一致，用一般现在时。故选C项。
45．B
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：那所学院将招收更多的新生是真的。分析句子可知，空处引导的是名词性从句，作句子的主语，从句结构和意义完整，在陈述一个事实，应用连接词that。故选B。
46．A
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：使这本书如此与众不同的是作者富有创造性的想象力。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，结合句意可知，此处指的是事物，所以使用连接代词what。故选A项。
47．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据报纸报道，江西省东部的地震造成13人死亡。分析句子结构和意思可知，_______ is reported in the newspaper是非限制性定语从句，位于句首，先行词是整个主句的内容，关系词在从句中作主语，意为“正如”，用关系代词as引导。故选B。
48．D
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：——你上班路上要花多长时间? ——通常大约二十分钟。A. Extremely极端地；B. Rarely几乎不；C. Awfully可怕地；D. Normally通常。根据“about twenty minutes”可知，通常上班花费大约二十分钟到单位。故选D项。
49．D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些年轻时的好习惯帮助我们形成日后的性格特点。A. pass通过；B. reduce减少；C. revise复习；D. form形成。根据“our character in later life”可知，好习惯可以帮助形成良好的性格。故选D。
50．B
【详解】考查动词不定式的省略。句意：玛丽希望她能和她的朋友去露营，但她的父母告诉她不要去。Tell sb not to do sth表示“告诉某人不要做某事”，被动形式为sb be told not to do sth，故完整句子应是she was told by her parents not to go camping，“go camping”与上文重复，故为了避免重复，通常把动词省略，只保留不定式的符号to。故选B项。
51．B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有什么比把朋友的秘密告诉别人更能破坏信任了。A. adopt采用；B. destroy破坏；C. stand容忍；D. recognize认出。根据“telling others a friend’s secrets”可知，把朋友的秘密告诉别人是最能破坏信任的事情。故选B项。
52．C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：骑自行车有助于培养孩子的平衡感。A. defence捍卫，辩护；B. invention发明；C. balance平衡；D. organization组织。根据“Riding a bike”可知，骑自行车有助于培养孩子的平衡感。故选C项。
53．C
【详解】考查it强调句。句意：消耗大部分能源和产生大部分温室气体的是食物生产，而不是运输。去掉it is和空格后句子完整，所以此处为it强调句句式：it be+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分，被强调部分为 the production of food, not its transport。故选C。
54．C
【详解】考查不定式。句意：人群一看到这位著名运动员就疯狂地欢呼起来。据报道，这位著名运动员打破了110米跨栏比赛的世界纪录。根据sb/sth be reported结构后接不定式，此处表示动作已经发生用完成时，要用不定式的完成形式，故选C。
55．D
【详解】考查句子结构。句意：面对1万美元的账单，约翰找了一份额外的工作。此处Faced with a bill for $10,000作原因状语，逻辑主语为John，为被动关系，故选D。
56．C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：——爸爸，我想和你一起去看这部电影。——对不起，儿子，只有成人才被允许进电影院。A. influenced影响；B. contained包含；C. admitted允许进入；D. supposed认为。根据句意可知，C项符合题意，短语be admitted into...“被允许进入……”故选C。
57．B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：黑暗会让我们更加承认光明的价值；沉默会教会我们声音的乐趣。A. aware意识到的；B. appreciative欣赏的；C. delightful使人快乐的；D. worthwhile值得的。两个句子使用分号隔开，且两个句子中没有连接词，说明两个句子是并列成分。因为第二个句子用silence突出sound,可推知第一个句子使用darkness突出sight的作用，黑暗会让我们更加重视光明，换言之，承认光明的价值。A选项make sb aware of...,让某人意识到...,与句意表达不相符。故选B项。
58．C
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：这个实验是在空气占据空间的假设下进行的。根据下文“that air occupies space (空气占据空间)”可知下文是上文实验的假设，分析句子结构，on the assumption that为固定句型，含义为：在……假设之下，与句子表达的含义一致，故选C项。
59．C
【详解】考查不定式。句意：虽然口罩可以减少新冠肺炎的传播，但我们应该选择更健康的生活方式，以降低心脏病的风险。A. in order that为了（连词）；B. such as to到了……的程度； C. so as to 为了；D. so that为了（连词）。结合句意可知，“降低心脏病的风险”是选择健康生活方式的目的，且空后是动词原形，应是目的状语，因此so as to符合题意。故选C。
60．A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常，在劳累了一天后，我会感到筋疲力尽，所以当我回到家时，我喜欢瘫坐在沙发上听音乐。A. collapse躺下放松；B. breathe呼吸；C. embrace拥抱；D. bend弯曲。根据上文“I feel exhausted after a tiring day”可知，此处指躺在沙发上听音乐放松。故选A。
61．B
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：公司所有的部门经理都在研究一项计划，他们希望能在下个月付诸实施。分析句子可知，that引导定语从句，指代先行词plan在从句中作see的宾语，空处是宾语补足语部分，动词短语put into practice和plan之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补，即they would like to see the plan put into practice，故选B。
62．B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：悲剧发生时，哥伦比亚号航天飞机正准备返航，美国和全世界都想知道出了什么问题。第一空是描述前面句子的内容产生的结果，作结果状语，伴随前面的谓语动词的发生而产生，因此用现在分词形式，故排除A项和D项。leave在句中表示“造成，使留下（某种后果）”，用固定短语leave sb. doing sth.，意为“造成某人……”，第二空需填现在分词形式。故选B。
63．B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管情况极端，邓稼先仍拒绝放弃自己的责任，继续进行科学研究。A. cut down砍倒；B. back down放弃；C. put down写下；D. turn down拒绝。根据下文“kept on conducting scientific research(继续进行科学研究)”可知，邓稼先继续进行科学研究，拒绝放弃自己的责任，空白处应填表示“放弃”含义的动词短语，故选B项。
64．C
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：看起来暴风雨就要来了。我们最好找个避雨的地方。A. in the way 挡道，妨碍某人；B. in the front在前边；C. on the horizon即将来临的；D. on the bottom在底部。根据“We’d better look for a shelter.”可知，暴风雨就要来了。故选C。
65．A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了获得令人信服的证据，研究人员分析了芝加哥200多名乳腺癌患者的基因。A. analysed分析；B. associated联想；C. attained实现；D. acknowledged承认。根据“In order to get convincing evidence,”可知，为了获得证据，研究人员分析了乳腺癌患者的基因。故选A、
66．D
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：不管他多晚，他妈妈都会等他一起吃饭。A. Whatever无论什么；B. Whenever无论什么时候；C. Wherever无论哪里；D. However不管多么。根据“his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.”可知，无论他回来得多晚，他妈妈都会等他一起吃饭。故选D。
67．D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对讲演者来说，在演讲前润色他要讲的内容是必须的。A. overlook俯瞰；忽视；B. overcome克服；C. pretend假装；D. polish润饰。根据“what he will present prior to the presentation.”可知，演讲前演讲稿需要润色。故选D。
68．D
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他说由于暴风雨天气，他不能回家过圣诞节了。A. put it叙述；说明B. appreciate it感激；C. name it讲出来；D. make it成功；达到预定目标；准时到达。根据“due to the stormy weather.”可知，由于暴风雨，他不能准时到家过圣诞节。故选D。
69．C
【详解】考查不定代词。句意：这只不过是一个编造的故事，所以我们不必太当真。everything通常用于肯定句，用于否定句时表示部分否定，more than超出、超过；不仅仅；anything可用于否定句， less than毫不、完全不、一点都不；nothing 通常用于肯定句表达否定意义；something通常用于肯定句。nothing more than为双重否定，表示“仅仅，只是”。根据“so we don’t take it too seriously.”可知，这只是一个编造的故事。故选C。
70．C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要做的是找到一种方式来承认并适当地表达当我们心烦意乱时我们的感受。A. assess评估；B. advocate提倡；主张；C. acknowledge承认；D. anticipate预期。根据“what we feel appropriately when we are upset.”可知，需要找到一种方式来承认并适当地表达当我们心烦意乱时我们的感受。故选C。