浙江高考英语阅读理解专项训练

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As this year’s ski season got underway, Liu Zhihua joined the crowd at a ski resort and glided fluently down the piste(滑雪道). With only a brief break, she took a quick turn, got onto a chairlift and was ready for another round.
Liu has become a star at the resort in Urumqi. Dressed in her baby blue suit and white helmet, she blends in with the other ski enthusiasts. But in fact, she is the resort’s oldest skier, at age 87. Though a fluent skier now, Liu only took up the sport when she was 72. Up until then, like many old people, she would spend her days taking care of her grandchildren, watching TV or playing mahjong. Encouraged by her children, Liu got on the piste for the very first time in 2007.
“The first day was not easy. My waist and legs ached. But in the following days, I was able to walk on the skis,” Liu recalls. “After conquering the fear of falling, I became increasingly interested in it and got addicted as time passed.” Starting on the beginner slopes, Liu gradually advanced to intermediate runs, and has even got onto the advanced ones. “I’ve taken part in a competition twice. I didn’t do it for a medal. Finishing the competition without falling is enough for me,” she says. When asked about the difficulties she had encountered during her years of skiing, Liu recalls that she fell over while going down a slope due to a lack of experience. “But skill comes from practice. Just get used to it,” she says.
For Liu, skiing is also a way to keep herself young and lively. Despite being the oldest ski enthusiast at the resort, she thinks she is just as vigorous as younger skiers. “No one can tell your age when everyone’s in a ski suit and with snow caps and goggles on,” says Liu with a smile. “Health and happiness are the two things that doing sports. has brought to me,” she says. “I don’t think age has much to do with my mindset. Old or young, I have been brave and optimistic.”
1．What can we learn about Liu Zhihua according to the text?
A．Liu began to learn ski at the age of 87. B．Liu made the first attempt to ski in 2007
C．Liu has never got onto the advanced runs. D．Liu participated in the competition for a medal.
2．What does the underlined word “vigorous” probably mean in Paragraph 4?
A．Satisfied. B．Curious. C．Energetic. D．Talented.
3．Which of the following best describes Liu Zhihua?
A．Brave and humorous. B．Caring and considerate.
C．Kind and warm-hearted. D．Strong-willed and positive.
4．Which can be the best title for the text?
A．This year’s ski season gets underway. B．Doing sports brings health and happiness.
C．Granny develops an ageless enthusiasm for skiing. D．An 87-year-old woman becomes a skate star.

Do you prefer working on school projects with a friend, rather than alone? Neuroscientists (神经科学家) from Keio University in Japan have discovered that when two people work together on a task their brains actually start working in the same way.
For their study, the scientists picked 78 people, paired them up and set them a task to design the inside of a room without any limits on time or how much they spoke to each other. Each pair sat opposite each other and completed one task together and one on their own. When they worked together, the participants had to create a room that satisfied them both.
The pairs sat with their brains wired up through a special kind of headwear that monitors how the brain’s neurons react to different situations. Neurons send signals around the brain and to other parts of the body. The researchers also studied how often each pair looked at each other and compared this with what was happening in their brains at the same time. The experiment showed that, for people working together, when groups of neurons in one participant’s brains were activated, similar groups of neurons in their partner’s brain were also activated. Yasuyo Minagawa, a researcher working on the study, said it was “as if the two brains functioned together as a single system”.
They called this group brain activity “between-brain synchronisations”, and it was particularly strong when the participants raised their gaze from the activity to look at each other. Minagawa says the study proved something called the “we-mode”, which is when two people “share their minds”. There is a lot scientists don’t know about how brains operate when humans are interacting with each other. Now the researchers are hoping to develop the technology to study how other social interactions, like conversations and facial expressions, affect what’s going on inside the brain.
5．What did the study find?
A．Pair work matters. B．Task itself influences brains.
C．Working together bonds brains. D．Conversations affect how brains work!
6．During the study, 78 people were asked to________.
A．create a room. B．send signals to researchers
C．finish a school project D．conduct a survey
7．Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A．Each one in the pair independently designed the inside of a room as well.
B．Each pair finished the task within a limited time and with limited communication.
C．The reactions of brain’s neurons to different situations were monitored by a headwear.
D．The frequency of looking at each other was compared with the reactions of brain’s neurons.
8．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．A book review. B．A travel brochure.
C．A textbook. D．A science magazine.

Young adults in Singapore can often live with their parents into their 30s. They are encouraged by the government, which is fond of praising family values. Housing policy makes it difficult for young people to live independently. Almost 80% of Singaporeans live in subsidized (补助的) public housing. They cannot have a flat of their own until they marry or turn 35.
Yet a small but growing number of Singaporeans are resisting the nanny state (保姆式国家): Between 1990 and 2020, the number of those under 35 who lived alone or with non-family members grew from 33,400 to 51,300. Since they do not qualify for public housing, they must rent in the private sector. One factor is that Singaporeans are getting married later. In 1980, the average ages at which men and women married were 27 and 24; today, they are 30 and 29. A growing number choose not to marry at all. For others, it was COVID-19 that pushed them out of the nest. Serene Chee, a 25-year-old lawyer, did not greatly mind living with her parents until travel restrictions and work-from-home policies kept her stuck at home all the time. In June, Ms Chee and a friend moved into an apartment together.
Living on your own is not easy. First, you must inform your parents. It took Lydia Yang, an illustrator who was then 28, three months to gather the courage Then you must learn to pay bills and do basic chores. When Lenne Chai, a photographer, moved out seven years ago at the age of 23y she did not know how to cook.
Life on your own can be lonely. Ms Yang found it “a bit depressing”, particularly during the lockdown. But living apart may improve relationships. Both Ms Yang and Ms Chai said that they got on better with their parents after moving out. When living together, they paid each other little attention. Now their weekly visits are “quality time”, said Ms Chai. When Ms Chee’s parents came to her flat for dinner recently, they were impressed by how tidy it was.
9．What’s the attitude of the government to family values?
A．Negative. B．Supportive. C．Objective. D．Subjective.
10．What makes it hard for young people to live by themselves?
A．Housing policy. B．The spread of COVID-19.
C．Parents’ disagreement. D．The limited private apartments.
11．What can we know from Paragraph 2?
A．A growing number of people have enough money to hire nannies.
B．People need to rent houses because they have qualification for public housing.
C．More and more people don’t want to get married because of economic pressure.
D．COVID-19 is one of the reasons why many people don’t want to live with their parents.
12．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．The definition of “quality time”. B．The positive effect of living alone.
C．The loneliness of living independently. D．The parents’ attitude to children’s independence.

Four Unexpected Ways Different Countries Celebrate Birthdays
China
The Chinese typically only celebrate certain birthdays: the first, 10th, 20th, 30th, etc. The 60th birthday is important to the Chinese because it is seen as completing a full zodiac. Eating Chang Shou Mian on your birthday symbolizes long life you’ll hopefully have. Your loved ones can also wish for a long life.
Mexico
A Mexican party is called a fiesta and includes traditional food items, such as tacos, as well as a candy-filled piñata that is hit with a stick until it bursts open and candy spills everywhere for the party guests to enjoy. A very important tradition in Mexican culture is the Quinceanera, which is traditionally celebrated on a young woman’s fifteenth birthday. The celebration is meant to mark the young girl’s movement into womanhood. The Mexican birthday song is called Las Mañanitas.
Ireland
One unusual Irish tradition is “bumping” the birthday child. An adult turns the child upside down and very gently bumps his head on the floor. The number of bumps equals the age of the child. For those who come of age, usually 21 in Ireland, the key to the house is given. This means that the person is an adult and can come and go as he pleases.
South Korea
Mi-yeok-guk, a hearty seaweed soup, is usually served as part of breakfast for the beloved birthday boys and girls in Korea. Mothers will also typically eat this soup after childbirth to make up for nutrients during pregnancy, so you’d better pay respect to your mother whenever she cooks this on your birthday because it’s delicious, healthy, and nutritious.
Although different cultures have many birthday traditions around the world, individual families celebrate their birthdays with specific traditions and special memories unique to that family.
13．Why do people eat Chang Shou Mian’ in China?
A．To symbolize one’s long life. B．To get a key to a house.
C．To pay respect to one’s mother. D．To mark one’s movement into adulthood.
14．Which country holds a birthday event to celebrate the coming of womanhood?
A．China. B．Mexico C．Ireland D．South Korea.ms
15．What do China and South Korea have in common when celebrating birthdays?
A．People eat traditional food at birthday parties.
B．People eat specific food to celebrate their birthdays.
C．People eat Chang Shou Mian to wish for longevity on their birthdays.
D．People hold a “bumping” event for children to celebrate their birthdays.

A fourth color might be added to traffic lights to better realize the potential of self-driving vehicles, as stated in a recent paper by researchers at North Carolina State University in the US.
Autonomous vehicles can do more than just drive-they are able to sense their surroundings and upload information. A shared network gives orders to stop at a crossing based on traffic conditions.
The added white lights would be used to signal to human drivers that autonomous vehicles are managing the upcoming traffic flow intelligently. Drivers don’t have to check the traditional lights if the white one is on. “The white lights will tell human drivers to simply follow the car in front of them,” one of the study authors Ali Hajbabaie told the university’s website.
Simulated (模拟的) models showed that autonomous vehicles were able to improve traffic flow on their own. Introducing the white light also has a positive effect on reducing fuel consumption. The higher the percentage of autonomous vehicles at a crossing, the faster the traffic moves, reducing about 40 to 99 percent of the total delay time.
What kind of infrastructure (基础设施) is needed as self-driving technology thrives? In an interview with China Surveying and Mapping magazine, Liu Jingnan at the Chinese Academy of Engineering shared his answers.
To begin with, the vehicle’s network that collects data about the environment and shares the data with other vehicles needs to be intelligent. High-precision maps are needed for autonomous vehicles to plan routes in detail. They can provide both updated information on traditional maps and real-time changes, such as accidents.
For example, when driving around a curve, the navigation (导航) system in the vehicle needs to calculate the safe speed based on the map’s information. And if the area is foggy, the network has to alarm the other cars to slow down.
Other elements on the road need to be upgraded too. For example, road markings should be precise and readable for machines. Sensors should be built on sidewalks and roads to allow vehicles to predict potentially dangerous situations.
16．What is the purpose of adding a white light to traffic lights?
A．To signal to self-driving cars when to stop.
B．To help driverless cars assess traffic conditions.
C．To tell human drivers to go after the cars in front.
D．To signal to human drivers to pass the cars ahead.
17．According to the article, what effect would the introduction of self-driving cars bring about?
A．Increased road safety. B．Reduced fuel efficiency.
C．Less time stuck in traffic. D．Unpredictable traffic patterns.
18．What is a function of high-precision maps in self-driving technology?
A．To calculate a safe speed for vehicles. B．To provide real-time weather updates.
C．To plan routes for autonomous vehicles. D．To offer real-time data on road conditions.
19．What does the author intend to prove in the second-to-last paragraph?
A．The advantages of autonomous vehicles.
B．The role of the navigation system in self-driving cars.
C．The application of the infrastructure in self-driving cars.
D．The efficiency of self-driving cars handling emergencies.

Dr Tamara Scully, a psychologist who works with children, young people and adults, shares how grandparents can help children’s well-being.
It is difficult to search for the answer to the main mental health challenges facing children. Over the past two years, there has been an increase in child and adolescent mental health difficulties. In particular, there has been a significant increase in anxiety and eating disorders, both of which are the consequence of the COVID-19. Young people are also reporting a much higher level of solitude (孤独), which may arise from spending too much time on cellphones, televisions and computers.
All these will deeply affect how they behave in their daily life. And it’s absolutely normal for young people to move up and down the mental health curve (曲线). “We get concerned when we notice big changes in their behavior that don’t pass in a few weeks. For example, grandchildren stop meeting friends, stay in their bedroom or lose interest in things they used to enjoy.”
So what role can grandparents play in ensuring their grandchildren’s well-being? According to Scully, the most important thing grandparents can offer is simply themselves, just being there, listening and accepting. There’s a lovely saying that it takes a village to raise a child. Relationships are the biggest predictors of happiness and success throughout the whole life. Strong positive relationships build resilience (抗逆力) in our young people.
Grandparents should also be present and give their time. They can give their time directly to their grandchildren and to their own children. A parent who is allowed time to refuel will show up as a better parent. They can help their grandchildren by being on their team and sitting with them when times are tough. All children benefit from something called relational wealth and this is a grandparent’s most important contribution to the growth of their younger generations.
20．Why do young people suffer from increasing loneliness?
A．They have less non-screen time.
B．They prefer enjoying various take-out.
C．They fail to conquer emotional disorders.
D．They concentrate more on ups than downs.
21．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Children should form great resilience.
B．Children should learn to predict their success.
C．Children should be brought up by all villagers.
D．Children should grow up in a harmonious relationship.
22．What is the attitude of Scully toward listening to grandchildren?
A．Disapproved. B．Favorable.
C．Tolerant. D．Skeptical.
23．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to accept the youth of today. B．How to be a qualified grandparent.
C．How to help grandchildren’s welfare. D．How to tackle the mental health challenges.

Since I was a little girl growing up in Safranbolu, Turkey, I’ve dreamed of exploring the world- from the sandy beaches of Califormia to the northern lights in Iceland. Until a couple of years ago, I couldn’t have even imagined this happening, but a few months ago my dreams finally became a reality.
I’m more than 7ft (2.15 metres) tall, so travelling is difficult for me. I am the tallest woman in the world, due to a rare genetic condition called Weaver Syndrome (韦弗综合症), which affects only 50 people.
My childhood was not easy. I was home schooled because of my physical condition and from as early as I can remember, I knew I looked different from other people. I felt like a child trapped inside an adult’s body. When I was six, I was already 5ft in tall. As a social norm (标准), people expect men to be bigger and taller than women; this makes things very difficult for tall women, and I find it upsetting.
I often need to adjust things due to my height. Everything has to be altered to suit me, which can be very hard, but there are positives, too. I usually buy clothes from brands specializing in plus-size clothing, then alter them. I’ll find a dress that I like and then get it turned into a top. Bottoms always have to be tailored. It gives me a chance to be creative.
I’ve always been a very ambitious person. In 2014, when I was 17, I received the title for the tallest living teenager. I actually applied for it myself, as I saw the record holder at the time was shorter than me.
In 2021 I was named the tallest living woman, and last year I received the titles for the largest hands, longest fingers and longest back, too. I use these titles as a platform to raise awareness about my condition and also to empower people to be themselves. I hope to inspire and encourage other people with similar conditions to know they’re not alone and that anything is possible for them.
24．What makes the author’s childhood challenging?
A．Her homeschooling. B．Her mixed emotions.
C．Her abnormal height. D．Her eagerness to travel.
25．How did the author respond to the titles?
A．She turned down such strange names.
B．She realized her dreams by advertising them.
C．She was ashamed of being against the social norm.
D．She made full use of them to promote public awareness.
26．What can we infer about the author?
A．She longs to help those identical to her.
B．She is an ambitious but stubborn person.
C．She specializes in tailoring her clothes by herself.
D．She holds the tallest record shorter than the former.
27．What is the best title of the text?
A．I am the tallest woman in the world.
B．My rare genetic condition makes travel tough.
C．The taller you are, the more positive you will be.
D．Being too tall bans me from realizing my dreams.

Portugal’s second city, Porto, is an ideal place to visit for an activity holiday. Here are some different physical outdoor options.
Rollerskating at the Casa Da Musica and along Matosinhos beach
Head along to Matosinhos, a popular resort town just three miles northeast the city centre, for a relaxed skate along the promenade(海滨步行大道). This route is hugely popular with rollerskaters, so if you’re solo you’ll be bound to make skater friends quickly.
Estimated time: Your call!
Length: 0.5mi
Difficulty: Easy
Running along the Douro
Start off at the foot of the Dom Luis I bridge on the Gaia riverfront and head west along the restaurant-filled promenade. After half a mile or so, the promenade becomes a wooden walkway along a main road.
The wooden walkway eventually becomes a wide pavement. Keep running until you reach Cabedelo do Douro, a stunning nature reserve and beach at the mouth of the Douro.
Temperatures can easily hit the high twenties and low thirties degree Celsius in late spring and summer so make sure you bring enough water, wear a cap, and pack some sunscreen.
Estimated running time: 1-2 hours
Length:4.5-8.5mi (depends on if you want to run back from the beach)
Difficulty: Moderate
Trail running in the Santa Justa mountains
Into trail running? Try this roughly six-mile loop trail(环行路线) found less than 12.5 miles east of the city centre.
It’s easy to spend hours admiring the beauty of your surroundings post-run, but make sure you leave enough time to get back down before dark as otherwise, you’ll have to rely on the moon for guidance home!
Estimated running time: 3 hours
Length: Roughly 6mi
Difficulty: Moderate to challenging
Hiking the Paiva Walkways
Featuring steep wooden walkways, it is an ultra-scenic but steep riverside hike found about an hour’s drive southeast of the city center.
The walkways trail along forests and mountain scenery, and you’ll be able to spot loads of wildlife, as well as some ancient monuments. Both ends of the sign-posted and tourist-friendly trail have restaurants and toilets too.
Estimated time: 2 hours
Length: 5.5mi
Difficulty: Challenging
28．Which activity is the toughest according to the passage?
A．Running along the Douro.
B．Hiking the Paiva Walkways.
C．Rollerskating along Matosinhos beach.
D．Trail running in the Santa Justa mountains.
29．What should you pay attention to if you run along the Douro?
A．Wearing soft shoes. B．Coming back as soon as possible.
C．Using sunscreen when necessary. D．Avoiding the attack from the wildlife.
30．Which section of Readers Digest does the passage come from?
A．Travel guides. B．Travel notices.
C．Travel journals. D．Travel agencies.

Think “winter vacation,” and dream of warm shorelines and sun-splashed ancient ruins. Whatever your idea of a winter getaway, here are some urban destinations where you can embrace the season.
Buenos Aires, Argentina-Average January high:84°F
Carnival in Argentina is one of the best times of the year. Tango dancers, soccer players, and folk musicians show off their talents here. Once the richest city in the world. B．A．holds grand 18th-and 19th-century architecture in neighborhoods like Recoleta. In the Boca barrio, brightly painted houses surround La Bonbonera, the home stadium for working-class football team the Boca Juniors.
Honolulu, Hawaii-Average January high:81°F
The Pacific Ocean metropolis reveals itself as a far more complex place than picture postcards suggest, loaded with interesting neighborhoods and a history filled with royals and imperial ambitions. Sunbathe on palm-fringed Waikiki Beach, hike up Diamond Head, or visit Iolani Palace, home to the last Hawaiian king.
Melbourne, Australia-Average January high: 79°F
Australia’s second-biggest city has transformed from a military camp of the British Empire into a multicultural 21st-century melting pot. A strong immigrant population powers many of the 600 stalls at Queen Victoria Market: there’s also a Chinatown and the Greek Precinct, with its Hellenic Museum.
Port of Spain, Trinidad-Average January high:88°F
The capital of Trinidad is one of the top spots in the Caribbean to experience a pre-Lent carnival, with musicians and dancers in feathered costumes kicking off the party in the central Queen’s Park Savannah. This 260-acre park also holds the Emperor Valley Zoo and the Royal Botanic Gardens, with indigenous and international trees planted on the grounds of a former sugar plantation.
31．Which place best suits visitors seeking culture diversity?
A．Buenos Aires, Argentina. B．Honolulu, Hawaii.
C．Melbourne, Australia. D．Port of Spain, Trinidad.
32．What can visitors enjoy in both Buenos Aires and Port of Spain?
A．Pop music. B．Carnival dances.
C．Abundant gardens. D．Ancient architecture.
33．Where can the text be found?
A．In a geography textbook. B．In a travel magazine.
C．In a summer activity guide. D．In a sport guidebook.

In the opening scenes of the new film Good Night Oppy, the Opportunity rover (漫游车) rolls along through Perseverance Valley on Mars in June 2018.
But a storm forming on the horizon changed everything. This storm was different. It rapidly grew in size, encircling the planet and blocking out the sun. The solar-powered rover’s last message to mission control translated to this: “My battery is low and it’s getting dark.”
This chapter is just the beginning of the documentary, available to stream on Amazon Prime on November 23, 2022. The film traces the journey of the twin rovers — Opportunity and Spirit — and the people who dedicated their lives to them from concept to that last transmission.
These two rovers built by NASA engineers in the early 2000s were to search for past evidence of water on Mars. Both were launched in 2003 inside Delta rockets and landed in 2004 on opposite sides of the red planet. The dual mission’s first 90 days came and went, and NASA engineers realized the two rovers were ready for more adventure.
Spirit and Opportunity’s findings rewrote the textbooks with new information about Mars and its watery past while they both got into all sorts of trouble in between discoveries, like getting stuck in the sand and nearly rushing down the sides of steep craters (火山口). The bonds between team members and the rovers quickly deepened, despite the vast distance between Earth and Mars, making it more difficult when Spirit’s journey ended in 2011 and Opportunity fell silent in 2018. Spirit and Oppy’s missions have ended, but Mars exploration continues today through next-generation rovers like Curiosity and Perseverance.
The film shines a light on the hope of space exploration and captures the emotional attachment between humans and the robotic ambassadors that explore on our behalf.
34．What caused the death of Opportunity?
A．A slide in the valley. B．A sand trap.
C．A fall in a crater. D．A huge storm.
35．Why did NASA send the two rovers to Mars?
A．To discover water sources on Mars. B．To record the data of storms on Mars.
C．To map the shape of valleys on Mars. D．To detect signs of past water on Mars.
36．What do the “robotic ambassadors” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Delta rockets. B．Spirit and Opportunity.
C．NASA engineers. D．Curiosity and Perseverance.
37．What’s the purpose of this text?
A．To recommend a documentary. B．To appreciate engineers’ devotion.
C．To honor the Opportunity rover. D．To present NASA’s achievements.

Pioneers of the research that led to one of the first COVID-19 vaccines (疫苗) say breakthroughs obtained in their studies could point the way toward developing a potential vaccine against cancer before the end of the decade.
Ugur Sahin and Ozlem Tureci, co-founders of BioNTech said technology they had developed could aid the immune (免疫) system respond to cancer cells. The mRNA COVID-19 vaccine stimulates cells to generate spike proteins, which warn the body’s immune system about things to look out for and to attack.
It is hoped that this could be reworked using proteins found in cancer tumor (肿瘤) cells, causing a similar bodily defensive action.
BioNTech was founded in 2008 specifically to work on cancer treatments. “Our focus has always been on achieving the full potential of the body’s immune system to successfully help handle cancer and infectious diseases,” says the company website.
Some of those earlier cancer vaccine developments have reached the clinical trial stage. “As scientists we are always hesitant to say we will have a cure for cancer,” said Tureci. “We have gained a mass of breakthroughs and we will continue to work on them. . . this will definitely quicken also our cancer vaccine.”
Luke O’Neill, professor of biochemistry at Trinity College Dublin, said that such a breakthrough would be “the Holy Grail” of cancer research, He added that it enabled the body to recognize a cancer tumor as a foreign element, in the same way it had done with COVID-19, and to respond accordingly, so that the immune system could be “trained” to “hunt down” the abnormal presence.
What made the potential breakthrough even more inspiring, he said, was that any treatment could be personalized to work on an individual cancer patient’s specific circumstances. “You can take someone who’s got cancer, take their own tumor and make an RNA vaccine out of that and improve their own immune system specifically against their own tumor. That’s a really awesome thing to see,” he added.
38．What has been BioNTech’s mission since its establishment?
A．To develop the COVID-19 vaccine. B．To understand the immune system.
C．To explore treatments for cancer. D．To detect the tumour cells.
39．Which of the following options can best describe Ozlem Tureci?
A．Cautious and committed. B．Gifted and ambitious.
C．Passionate and critical. D．Brave and competitive.
40．What can be learnt about Luke O’Neill?
A．He developed an effective COVID-19 vaccine.
B．He held a positive attitude to BioNTech’s study.
C．He contributed significantly to BioNTech’s research.
D．He trained the immune system to hunt the abnormal presence.
41．What is the text mainly about?
A．BioNTech suceeds in developing cancer vaccines.
B．COVID-19 research brings hope for cancer treatment.
C．COVID-19 vaccines help bodies respond to cancer cells.
D．BioNTech makes breakthroughs in COVID-19 vaccines.

The idea of people taking photographs in front of Van Gogh’s Sun flowers or Botticelli’s The Birth of Venus was once considered so unsatisfactory that galleries banned visitors from using selfie sticks (自拍杆). However, the annoyance at social media platforms such as Instagram has turned into a bit of a love affair—with one gallery creating a period of time to help visitors take better photos and videos to share with their followers.
The Old Royal Naval College, in Greenwich, southeast London, is reducing visitor numbers on Mondays for its Museum of the Moon artwork “for those looking for the perfect Insta shot”. It will sell 400 tickets a session in its Painted Hall rather than the usual 800, so influencers (网红) can show their best sides without the crowds. The college, which is displaying a seven-metre model of the moon, created by the artist Luke Jerram, tells ticket holders, “Posing, influencer photo shoots and selfies are encouraged.” Sarah Codrington, head of marketing at the college, said, “Social Media Mondays” were partly about appealing to influencers but also freeing up the rest of the week for visitors who might be inconvenienced by people dressing themselves up for their Instagram feed.
Jerram, whose Museum of the Moon has been displayed in numerous venues (场馆); said, “I had not been consulted about Social Media Mondays but approved. People sometimes complain that there are so many people there that they weren’t having the best experience. People were lying on the floor and doing selfies. Part of the fun of the artwork is watching others interact with it.” He said he welcomed selfie-takers because they usually put away their cameras after ten minutes and engaged with the work. “People are going to have their close encounter with the moon, not necessarily to see an artwork,” he said.
Brian Sewell, the late art critic, once was disappointed that it was impossible to see paintings “because people are too busy taking photos”. But Jerram said galleries should accept it. “Now everyone is their own media and broadcasting company,” he said. “They are broadcasting their experience of the world.”
42．What is the new measure of the Old Royal Naval College according to the passage?
A．It has set aside a special time for visitors like influencers.
B．It has taken severe measures to prohibit using selfie sticks.
C．It is appealing to visitors to share photos on their social media.
D．It is discouraging visitors from approaching Sun flowers or The Birth of Venus.
43．What’s the major purpose of “Social Media Mondays”?
A．To attract influencers of media. B．To profit by selling more tickets.
C．To exhibit the model of the moon. D．To satisfy the needs of different visitors.
44．What does Sarah Codrington think of “Social Media Mondays”?
A．It mainly benefits influencers. B．It advocates dressing up for Instagram.
C．It might inconvenience some visitors. D．It is actually a win-win practice.
45．Which of the following statements is true?
A．Luke Jerram is a famous influencer.
B．Brian Sewell supports taking selfies in galleries.
C．Luke Jerram thinks galleries should not reject selfie-takers.
D．Brian Sewell is always broadcasting his experience of the world.

Studies have been done on the connection between humor and genes. The most common ones involved researchers observing the same twins and looking at how genes affect their sense of humor. There was a study with 390 adult twins who were asked to rate 48 cartoons of different humor varieties based on how funny they found them. The conclusion was that environmental influences played a more important role in what the twins found funny than genetics.
However, there is more to be said about this topic. A recent study proved a clear connection between genetics and emotions like laughter. This study tested 336 adults by showing them funny clips from movies and humorous comics. Researchers then examined the gene and positive emotional expressions, which they referred to as laughing and smiling. And even though the research has collected evidence on how there can be a connection between laughing and smiling behaviors and genes, we still need more similar studies before considering the results as a fact.
While genetics play an important role in the formation of many character traits, our sense of humor is too complex to be attributed to one factor. Moreover, your sense of humor can change throughout your whole life, which is why simplifying humor and basing it only on genetics isn’t reliable.
When we’re young, we learn to talk and do regular activities by observing people and things around us. While growing up, you are exposed to jokes that people around you make and find funny. You will pick up behavioral signs and develop your sense of humor based on all of that. It’s not a surprise that your sense of humor is based on the sense of humor of the people you grew up with, rather than on the genes of your ancestors.
Our sense of humor is a subjective field that depends on social factors, such as the influence of your family and friends, social circle, upbringing in a particular country and culture, etc. For that reason, it doesn’t mean that you will be humorous just because your parents or grandparents are funny.
46．What was found in the study about twins?
A．Humor wasn’t related to genes.
B．Environment mattered more than genes in humor.
C．The twins’ humor was mainly affected by genes.
D．The twins rated similarly about cartoons.
47．What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A．More research is needed to confirm the recent study result.
B．There is no connection between genes and positive emotions.
C．The recent study tested 336 adult twins by showing them funny clips.
D．The research proved the connection between laughing behaviors and smiling behaviors.
48．Which of the following may the author probably agree with?
A．The sense of humor is just decided by one factor.
B．The sense of humor can’t change once developed.
C．The sense of humor can be obtained by observing and following others.
D．The sense of humor is a relatively simple one of people’s all character traits.
49．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Can you be born humorous? B．Is humor a necessity?
C．Can you develop your humor? D．Is being humorous beneficial?

4 of the Best Cycling Holiday Destinations in Europe
European cycling holidays provide some of the best experiences you can have on two wheels. Come and join us!
Girona, Spain
Girona is surrounded by wonderful and easily accessible cycle routes that pretty much offer any riding you would ever need or want. The traffic-free roads mean that there is little trouble in getting out of the town and into the hills. Girona’s old town itself is a beauty and with plenty of places serving great food and great coffee, there’s a certain magic to the place.
Algarve, Portugal
Portugal is a cycling destination that has grown very popular thanks to the large variety of roads in the country. Not only are there plenty of climbs but also a lot of rolling roads to test yourself on. The terrain is similar to what you’ll find in the most popular cycling regions, but Portugal just feels little bit less mainstream. Away from the bike, there is also plenty of tasty food and local wines to try.
Northern Scotland, UK
One of the best places to tour in all of Europe is in fact Scotland. Particularly adventurous cyclists can take advantage of Scotland’s rules on wild camping— Scottish law allows members of the public the right to roam, while English law does not. It’s a totally free way to explore a place and Scotland might just be one of the best ones to do it because of the beautiful scenery.
Julian Alps, Slovenia
Slovenia is quite new when it comes to comparing with other European cycling destinations. A great destination for mountain bikers and road cyclists as well, the country has plenty of off-road routes and roads that take you high up into the Julian Alps. It’s no surprise once you’ve come here you’ll find that the country does very well in producing world class bike racers.
50．What do Girona, Spain and Algarve, Portugal have in common?
A．They are fit for travelling with families. B．They are suitable for cycling and climbing.
C．They both have wonderful off-road routes. D．They both serve delicious food to tourists.
51．Which cycling holiday destination is your best choice if you love adventure?
A．Girona, Spain. B．Algarve, Portugal.
C．Northern Scotland, UK. D．Julian Alps, Slovenia.
52．What is special about Julian Alps, Slovenia?
A．It’s completely traffic-free. B．It has many world class cyclists.
C．It has a very long history. D．It has plenty of rural landscapes.

The scholars at Yale University have been carrying out a study of more than 10,000 cadets(学员) at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point to determine the relative success of those who were motivated by internal rewards versus(与…相对) those driven by “instrumental”, or external rewards.
They assumed that some combination of internal and external motives would lead to the most success, as measured by the officers’ willingness to stay beyond the five-year commitment to the Army and to graduate and become commissioned officers. In fact, they found that cadets who expressed the most internal motivation were more successful than those who showed mixed motives to serve.
The same subtle(微妙的) interplay between motivation and rewards is also at work when it comes to education and learning. Rewarding students for getting their schoolwork done with prizes, snacks and even grades, as most schools do, can have the unintended effect of dismantling a child’s drive to learn for its own good.
“When you hold a burger in front of kids’ noses, you are telling them what kind of consequence matters, and what motive to pay attention to, “says psychology professor Barry Schwartz.” And education will suffer.”
Randy Wallock, a seventh-grade language arts teacher in New Jersey, encourages learning for its own good among his students: They’re given choice and autonomy and the freedom to work at their own pace. He also tries to build what he calls “little cultures within the classroom to encourage learning”; teenagers are responsive to social expectations, and creating environments where curiosity is cool invites more self-directed learning.
“As a teacher, you have a choice of what you respond to,” says Amy Wrzesniewski, an associate professor at Yale University. “Do you pay attention to students who have their laptops out, or do you pay attention to students who are asking intelligent questions?” she asks. Making those kids who ask intelligent questions feel “valued, responded to and celebrated,” she says, brings more of that out in others.
Schwartz agrees, but warns that sending out these kinds of signals must be done slowly and subtly. He adds, “You have to be careful you’re not making this another instrumental reward.”
53．Who turned out to be the most successful?
A．Those driven by external rewards. B．Those motivated by internal forces.
C．Those expressing mixed motives. D．Those providing more external motivation.
54．What does the underlined word “dismantling” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Understanding. B．Wasting. C．Including. D．Ruining
55．What does Randy Wallock stress in paragraph 5?
A．Approaches to motivating students to learn. B．How to adapt to classroom environments.
C．The importance of awakening teenagers’ curiosity. D．How to make lessons attractive to students.
56．How does Schwartz react to Wrzesniewski’s words?
A．He regards them as abstract. B．He thinks they lack evidence.
C．He voices some concern for them. D．He considers them unfair to some kids.

Rinzin Phunjok Lama was 16 when he first saw a Himalayan snow leopard (雪豹) wandering in the mountains near his home in northeastern Nepal—an experience that changed his life. In the folklore (传说) of Lama’s community, snow leopards reveal themselves only when humans disturb the natural order. At that moment Lama says he recognized that his homeland was in danger.
Lama, now 30, has since devoted his life to wildlife conservation. Unlike thousands of young Nepalese who leave rural areas in search of work, Lama returned to his home in Humla after graduating from college with a forestry degree. Even in this remote corner of Nepal, the effects of climate change are clear, with ancient water sources drying up and once snow-capped mountains left bare.
Lama leads a team of trained conservationists who work to engage the community. They document and track threatened and endangered wildlife, facilitate workshops where local people share their knowledge of the landscape and run clubs for children to learn about conservation from an early age.
What makes Lamas project unique is that it’s driven entirely by the people it serves. Outsiders have previously brought sustainability efforts to the region and failed to make a lasting impact because they often did not understand the local culture, Lama says. “Gaining community trust should be the first step,” he says.
One challenge to that has been high levels of food insecurity and poverty (贫困) in the area, which makes it harder to convince people that conservation should be a priority. To show that it’s possible to obtain benefits from the land without harming it, Lama’s team has launched programs teaching beekeeping or helping locals to sell handmade artworks. “The people leading this project are from here,” he says. “There can be no prouder moment than this for us.”
57．What does the appearance of snow leopards show traditionally?
A．Their increasing number. B．People acting against nature.
C．Their natural enemies becoming more. D．People’s lives being disturbed by wildlife.
58．Why do Lama’s team members start the clubs?
A．To find jobs for young Nepalese. B．To know more about the local landscape.
C．To equip kids with conservation knowledge. D．To track threatened and endangered wildlife.
59．What distinguishes Lama’s project from others?
A．Its initial intention. B．Its funding sources.
C．The commitment of its team. D．The support from the community.
60．How does Lama’s team respond to the challenge?
A．By selling their handmade artworks.
B．By bringing back beekeeping traditions.
C．By choosing project leaders from among the locals.
D．By providing locals with various money-making methods.

ChatGPT, designed by OpenAI to carry on conversations just like humans, has become a viral excitement. The AI-powered tool went from zero to a million users in just five days! Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies.
The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then answers in a way that makes sense. Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the internet and archived (归档) books. It is further trained by humans. “We have a lot of information on the internet, but you normally have to Google it, then read it and then do something with it,” says Ricardo, chief science officer and co-founder of AI company Erudit. “Now you’ll have this resource that can process (处理，加工) the whole internet and all of the information it contains for you to answer your question.” This makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic.
ChatGPT cannot think on its own. It depends on the information that it has been trained on. As a result, the Al tool works well for things that have accurate data available. However, when unsure, ChatGPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses. OpenAI cautions (提醒) users to check the information no matter how logical it sounds. Also, ChatGPT has only been trained with information till 2021. Hence, it cannot be relied upon for anything that happened after that.
Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless potential to solve real-world problems. It can translate long texts into different languages, create content on almost any topic, and even summarize books.
However, ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators. Some believe it could serve as a valuable tool to help build literacy skills in the classroom. It could also be used to teach students difficult science or math concepts. But other educators think ChatGPT will encourage students to cheat. They fear this will prevent them from building critical thinking and problem-solving skills. As a result, many districts are starting to ban its use in schools.
61．What is the unique feature of ChatGPT?
A．It has artificial intelligence.
B．It can answer users’ questions.
C．It has the largest number of users.
D．It can make meaningful conversations.
62．What makes ChatGPT helpful to research different topics?
A．Its capability of information processing.
B．Its accurate information.
C．Its availability of up-to-date data.
D．Its vast body of questions.
63．Why do ChatGPT users have to be cautious when using it?
A．ChatGPT is unable to think itself.
B．ChatGPT lacks creativity.
C．ChatGPT offers illogical information.
D．ChatGPT is not properly trained.
64．What is the author’s attitude towards ChatGPT?
A．Supportive. B．Disapproving. C．Objective. D．Doubtful.

California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor.
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has unpredictably left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was obvious even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into consideration such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness (湿气) of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (雪融水).
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factor driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air. Another important cause is earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply accessible to trees during the dry season.
65．What do the numbers in Second paragraph suggest?
A．The habitats of big trees in California.
B．The decreasing variety of California big trees.
C．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
D．The size of California forests.
66．Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A．Ecological studies of forests. B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development. D．Strict fire control measures.
67．What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?
A．A warmer climate. B．A longer dry season.
C．Earlier snowmelt. D．Decreased dampness of soil.
68．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prevented in California Soon.
B．California’s Forests: to Be Saved.
C．California’s Forest: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
D．How to Protect Big Trees in California?

Seagrass meadows (海草床) are wonder plants growing beneath the sea. They feed and shelter sea life and are masterful at storing carbon. Thanks to the assistance of tiger sharks, a huge seagrass meadow in the Bahamas Banks has been discovered, offering the world a tool to fight climate change.
Seagrass has usually been detected by Earth-orbiting satellites that identify darker spots in the blue water. In a recent study, tiger sharks were selected as research tools due to their highly consistent associations with seagrass ecosystems. They spent 70% of their time in seagrass meadows. The team equipped eight tiger sharks with satellite labels, seven sharks with camera labels, and used a 360-degree camera on a shark for the first time ever.
The data researchers collected was astonishing. The world’s largest seagrass ecosystem, measuring at least 66,900 square kilometers, has been discovered. This reflects a 41% increase from previous estimates of global seagrass. Seagrass can capture (捕获) huge quantities of carbon by photosynthesis (光合作用) and stores it on the seafloor. In terms of climate change, this is excellent news; seagrass is 35 times faster at removing carbon than tropical rainforests. When referring to global seagrass carbon stock estimates, the study indicates that seagrass in the Bahamas may contain 19.2% to 26.3% of all the carbon stored in seagrass meadows on Earth.
Yet seagrass meadows are rapidly disappearing, with over 92% of meadows in the UK gone, according to the World Wildlife Fund. Scientists are collecting seeds and trying to grow new seagrass meadows through restoration projects. This new discovery offers optimism and proves the importance of the ocean for healing.
The sharks led us to the seagrass ecosystem in the Bahamas, which we now know is likely the most significant blue carbon sink on the planet. What this discovery shows us is that ocean exploration and research are essential for a healthy future. The undeveloped potential of the ocean is limitless. These meadows can be protected and can be copied, offering hope for climate change around the globe.
69．How was the seagrass meadow in the Bahamas Banks discovered?
A．By analyzing satellites images.
B．By keeping track of tiger sharks.
C．By using a 360-degree camera.
D．By carrying out restoration projects.
70．What is the benefit of seagrass in terms of climate change?
A．Seagrass provides food for tiger sharks.
B．Seagrass stores large amounts of carbon.
C．Seagrass absorbs wastes from the ocean.
D．Seagrass supplies a habitat to sea animals.
71．What is the main message conveyed in the passage?
A．Tiger sharks are a tool to detect seagrass meadows.
B．Seagrass meadows are disappearing at an alarming rate.
C．Scientists are making progress in restoring seagrass meadows.
D．Seagrass meadows have a great potential to fight climate change.
72．What is the writer’s attitude towards the discovery of seagrass meadows?
A．Concerned. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent.

WHEN KIM JI-UN lived in Seoul, she worried about finding a good job. Now, she is worried that drought may ruin her crop. The 23-year-old started a farm last year. Her first harvest was a success; she was surprised that her black beans did better than her strawberries.
Ms Kim is part of a phenomenon called kwichon, or returning to rural life. Created a millennium ago, kwichon appears during periods of economic hardship. This time, in the wake of the pandemic, many new farmers have never lived in the countryside before. By planting young farmers in rural areas, the government hopes to enjoy big rewards in future.
The plan is working. In 2021 nearly 380, 000 people moved to the countryside. Comfort with digital technology gives young farmers a leg up, says Cho Kyung-ik, the director of the Beginning Farmer’s Centre, an institution educating those who wish to kwichon at its downtown offices. They sell fresh produce on Naver, South Korea’s largest search engine.
The centre teaches techniques like how to use a tractor or select the best crops. It arranges a trial period during which ambitious farmers work under the guidance of an old hand, learning what it means to do back-breaking labour from dawn to dusk.
The most important lesson is how to get on with the locals. The villagers are also offered tips on how to act towards the newcomers. That part is not yet a total success. Ms Kim says her neighbors have a bad temper. “The old people come in here and give me unwanted advice, or say that I will never be able to grow anything,” she says. Her black beans beg to differ. She and the South Korean government will be hoping that her crops put the argument to rest for good.
73．Why does the writer tell Ms Kim’s story?
A．To explain a solution. B．To introduce a topic.
C．To start a discussion. D．To make a comparison.
74．What does the underlined “a leg up” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．A helping hand. B．A new identity.
C．A big reward. D．A different idea.
75．What is the challenge for the young farmers?
A．Farming techniques. B．Hard work.
C．Communicative skills. D．Unwanted advice.
76．What can we infer from kwichon in South Korea?
A．Farming makes huge profits. B．Locals need technical training.
C．It helps to bring rural areas back to life. D．Government should help farmers.














参考答案：
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位87岁的老奶奶，从72岁开始迷上滑雪，一直坚持并能取得好成绩的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Encouraged by her children, Liu got on the piste for the very first time in 2007.(在孩子们的鼓励下，2007年，刘第一次走上了滑雪道。)”可知，2007年，刘第一次尝试滑雪。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据上文“For Liu, skiing is also a way to keep herself young and lively. Despite being the oldest ski enthusiast at the resort(对刘来说，滑雪也是一种让自己保持年轻和活力的方式。尽管他是滑雪场最年长的滑雪爱好者)”和下文的“as younger skiers”可知，她认为自己和年轻的滑雪者一样精力充沛。由此可知，vigorous意为“精力充沛的”。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“When asked about the difficulties she had encountered during her years of skiing, Liu recalls that she fell over while going down a slope due to a lack of experience. “But skill comes from practice. Just get used to it,” she says.( 当被问及多年来滑雪遇到的困难时，刘回忆说，由于缺乏经验，她在下坡时摔倒了。“但是技能来自实践。只要习惯就好，”她说。)”和最后一段““I don’t think age has much to do with my mindset. Old or young, I have been brave and optimistic.”(我认为年龄与我的心态没有太大关系。无论老少，我都很勇敢和乐观。)”可知，面对困难，她意志坚强，并能积极进取。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了一位87岁的老奶奶，从72岁开始迷上滑雪，对滑雪产生了热情，并坚持下去能取得好成绩的故事。由此可知，C项：Granny develops an ageless enthusiasm for skiing.(奶奶对滑雪产生了永恒的热情。)是合适的标题。故选C。
5．C 6．A 7．B 8．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本庆应义塾大学的神经科学家发现，当两个人一起完成一项任务时，他们的大脑实际上开始以同样的方式工作。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Neuroscientists (神经科学家) from Keio University in Japan have discovered that when two people work together on a task their brains actually start working in the same way.(日本庆应义塾大学的神经科学家发现，当两个人一起完成一项任务时，他们的大脑实际上开始以同样的方式工作。)”可知，合作将大脑联系在一起。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For their study, the scientists picked 78 people, paired them up and set them a task to design the inside of a room without any limits on time or how much they spoke to each other. Each pair sat opposite each other and completed one task together and one on their own. When they worked together, the participants had to create a room that satisfied them both.(在他们的研究中，科学家们挑选了78个人，将他们配对，并给他们布置了一项任务，让他们设计一个房间的内部，没有时间限制，也没有相互交谈的次数限制。每一组人面对面坐着，一起完成一项任务，自己完成一项任务。当他们一起工作时，参与者必须创造一个让他们都满意的房间。)”可知，在研究过程中，78人被要求创建一个房间。故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For their study, the scientists picked 78 people, paired them up and set them a task to design the inside of a room without any limits on time or how much they spoke to each other.(在他们的研究中，科学家们挑选了78个人，将他们配对，并给他们布置了一项任务，让他们设计一个房间的内部，没有时间限制，也没有相互交谈的次数限制。)”可知，B选项“每一组都在有限的时间和有限的交流下完成了任务。”不符合文章内容。故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Neuroscientists (神经科学家) from Keio University in Japan have discovered that when two people work together on a task their brains actually start working in the same way.(日本庆应义塾大学的神经科学家发现，当两个人一起完成一项任务时，他们的大脑实际上开始以同样的方式工作。)”可知，本文介绍的是一项科学研究发现，所以应该出现在科学杂志上。故选D。
9．B 10．A 11．D 12．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新加坡的一个新的社会现象——越来越多的新加坡年轻人离开父母独立生活。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“They are encouraged by the government, which is fond of praising family values.(他们受到政府的鼓励，政府喜欢赞扬家庭价值观。)”可知，政府对家庭价值观的态度是支持的。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Housing policy makes it difficult for young people to live independently.(住房政策使得年轻人很难独立生活。)”可知，住房政策使得年轻人很难独立生活。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For others, it was COVID-19 that pushed them out of the nest.(对于其他人来说，是新冠肺炎把他们赶出了巢穴。)”可知，新冠肺炎是许多人不想和父母住在一起的原因之一。故选D。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“But living apart may improve relationships. Both Ms Yang and Ms Chai said that they got on better with their parents after moving out.(但是分居可能会改善人际关系。杨女士和柴女士都表示，他们搬出去后与父母相处的更好。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了独自生活的积极影响。故选B。
13．A 14．B 15．B

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了不同国家庆祝生日的四种意想不到的方式。
13．细节理解题。根据China部分的“Eating Chang Shou Mian on your birthday symbolizes long life you’ll hopefully have.(在你的生日吃长寿面象征着你希望长寿。)”可知，在中国，人们吃长寿面象征着长寿。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据Mexico部分的“A very important tradition in Mexican culture is the Quinceanera, which is traditionally celebrated on a young woman’s fifteenth birthday. The celebration is meant to mark the young girl’s movement into womanhood. (在墨西哥文化中，一个非常重要的传统是成人礼，传统上是在年轻女性的15岁生日时庆祝的。庆祝活动是为了纪念这个年轻女孩成为女人。)”可知，墨西哥举行生日活动来庆祝女子成年期的到来。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据China部分的“Eating Chang Shou Mian on your birthday symbolizes long life you’ll hopefully have.(在你的生日吃长寿面象征着你希望长寿。)”和South Korea
部分的“Mi-yeok-guk, a hearty seaweed soup, is usually served as part of breakfast for the beloved birthday boys and girls in Korea.(在韩国，一种丰盛的海带汤通常是给心爱的生日男孩和女孩们做早餐的一部分。)”可知，中国和韩国庆祝生日的共同点是人们吃特定的食物来庆祝他们的生日。故选B。
16．C 17．C 18．D 19．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。美国北卡罗莱纳州立大学的研究人员在最近的一篇论文中指出，交通信号灯可能会增加第四种颜色，以更好地发挥自动驾驶汽车的潜力。文章介绍了第四种颜色的作用以及自动驾驶汽车对交通的影响。
16．细节理解题。根据第三段““The white lights will tell human drivers to simply follow the car in front of them,” one of the study authors Ali Hajbabaie told the university’s website.(该研究的作者之一Ali Hajbabaie在接受该大学网站采访时表示：“白灯会告诉司机，只要跟着前面的车走就行了。”)”可知，交通灯加白灯的目的是告诉人类司机跟上前面的车。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据第四段“The higher the percentage of autonomous vehicles at a crossing, the faster the traffic moves, reducing about 40 to 99 percent of the total delay time.(自动驾驶车辆在十字路口的比例越高，交通移动速度越快，可以减少大约40%到99%的总延误时间)”可知，自动驾驶汽车的引入会减少堵在路上得时间。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“To begin with, the vehicle’s network that collects data about the environment and shares the data with other vehicles needs to be intelligent. High-precision maps are needed for autonomous vehicles to plan routes in detail. They can provide both updated information on traditional maps and real-time changes, such as accidents.(首先，收集环境数据并与其他车辆共享数据的车辆网络需要是智能的。自动驾驶汽车需要高精度地图来详细规划路线。它们既可以提供传统地图上的最新信息，也可以提供事故等实时变化)”可知，高精度地图在自动驾驶技术中的作用是提供道路状况的实时数据。故选D。
19．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“For example, when driving around a curve, the navigation (导航) system in the vehicle needs to calculate the safe speed based on the map’s information. And if the area is foggy, the network has to alarm the other cars to slow down.(例如，当行驶在弯道上时，车内的导航系统需要根据地图上的信息计算出安全速度。如果该地区有雾，网络必须警告其他车辆减速)”可推知，作者想在倒数第二段证明基础设施在自动驾驶汽车中的应用。故选C。
20．A 21．D 22．B 23．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述祖父母在确保孙辈幸福方面如何发挥作用。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Young people are also reporting a much higher level of solitude (孤独), which may arise from spending too much time on cellphones, televisions and computers.(据报道，年轻人的孤独程度也要高得多，这可能是因为他们花太多时间在手机上、电视上和电脑上)”可知，年轻人越来越多地遭受孤独问题，是由于他们花费太多时间在手机上、电视上和电脑上。故选A。
21．句意猜测题。根据画线句下文“Relationships are the biggest predictors of happiness and success throughout the whole life. Strong positive relationships build resilience(抗逆力) in our young people.(人际关系是一生中幸福和成功的最大预测因素。强有力的积极关系能增强年轻人的适应力)”可知，此处是描述人际关系对于确保孙辈幸福的积极意义，故画线句“有句谚语说得好，养育一个孩子需要一个村庄”意为“孩子应该在一个和谐的关系中成长”。故选D。
22．推理判断题。根据第四段中“According to Scully, the most important thing grandparents can offer is simply themselves, just being there, listening and accepting.(Scully认为，祖父母能提供的最重要的东西就是他们自己，只是在那里，倾听和接受)”可知，Scully认为祖父母能提供给孙辈的最重要的东西就是倾听和接受，故他对于倾听孙辈持支持态度。故选B。
23．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Dr Tamara Scully, a psychologist who works with children, young people and adults, shares how grandparents can help children’s well-being.(Tamara Scully博士是一位研究儿童、年轻人和成年人的心理学家，她分享了祖父母如何帮助孩子们幸福)”可知，本文主要讲述祖父母在确保孙辈幸福方面如何发挥作用，C项“如何帮助孙辈幸福”能够总结文章大意。故选C。
24．C 25．D 26．A 27．A

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为世界上最高的在世女性，积极处理身高给自己带来的困扰，乐观面对生活。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“My childhood was not easy. I was home schooled because of my physical condition and from as early as I can remember, I knew I looked different from other people. I felt like a child trapped inside an adult’s body. When I was six, I was already 5ft in tall.(我的童年并不容易。由于我的身体状况，我在家接受教育，从我记事起，我就知道我看起来和别人不一样。我觉得自己像个被困在成年人身体里的孩子。当我六岁的时候，我已经有五英尺高了)”可知，作者的童年之所以不容易是因为自己与众不同的身高。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“I use these titles as a platform to raise awareness about my condition and also to empower people to be themselves. (我用这些头衔作为一个平台来提高人们对我的状况的认识，也让人们有能力做自己)”可知，作者充分利用这些头衔作为一个平台来提高人们对于自己状况的认识。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I hope to inspire and encourage other people with similar conditions to know they’re not alone and that anything is possible for them.(我希望能激励和鼓励其他有类似情况的人，让他们知道自己并不孤单，对他们来说一切皆有可能)”可知，作者希望能帮助和自己一样的人。故选A。
27．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“I am the tallest woman in the world, due to a rare genetic condition called Weaver Syndrome(韦弗综合症), which affects only 50 people.(我是世界上最高的女人，因为我患有一种罕见的遗传病，叫做韦弗氏综合征，这种病只影响50人)”以及最后一段“In 2021 I was named the tallest living woman, and last year I received the titles for the largest hands, longest fingers and longest back, too.(2021年，我被评为世界上最高的在世女性。去年，我还获得了世界上最大的手、最长的手指和最长的背部的称号)”，再结合全文内容可知，作者主要介绍了自己作为世界上最高的女性是如何面对自己的生活的。所以“I am the tallest woman in the world.(我是世界上最高的女人)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
28．B 29．C 30．A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。葡萄牙的第二大城市波尔图是进行活动度假的理想之地。本文主要介绍了在这里可以进行的户外运动。
28．细节理解题。通过比较这四个户外活动的“Difficulty”可知，Hiking the Paiva Walkways的难度是“Difficulty: Challenging (难度：挑战性的)”可知，Hiking the Paiva Walkways是最难的。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据Running along the Douro部分“Temperatures can easily hit the high twenties and low thirties degree Celsius in late spring and summer so make sure you bring enough water, wear a cap, and pack some sunscreen. (春末夏末的气温很容易达到20摄氏度的高温和30摄氏度的低温，所以一定要带足够的水，戴上帽子，带上防晒霜。)”可知，如果游客沿着杜罗河跑步，必要时要使用防晒霜。故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据第一自然段“Portugal’s second city, Porto, is an ideal place to visit for an activity holiday. Here are some different physical outdoor options. (葡萄牙的第二大城市波尔图是进行活动度假的理想之地。这里有一些不同的户外运动选择。)”以及每个部分中的“Estimated running time…Length…Difficulty…”可知，本文来自《读者文摘》 的“旅行指南”部分。故选A。
31．C 32．B 33．B

【导语】本文是应用文。文章讲述了几个寒假可以去旅游的城市目的地：阿根廷的布宜诺斯艾利斯，夏威夷的火奴鲁鲁，澳大利亚的墨尔本和西班牙的特立尼达。
31．细节理解题。根据Melbourne, Australia-Average January high: 79°F部分的“Australia’s second-biggest city has transformed from a military camp of the British Empire into a multicultural 21st-century melting pot.( 澳大利亚第二大城市从大英帝国的军营变成了21世纪多元文化的大熔炉。)”可知，墨尔本最适合寻求文化多样性的游客。故选C。
32．细节理解题。根据Buenos Aires, Argentina-Average January high:84°F部分“Carnival in Argentina is one of the best times of the year. Tango dancers, soccer players, and folk musicians show off their talents here.( 阿根廷的狂欢节是一年中最好的时光之一。探戈舞者、足球运动员和民间音乐家在这里展示他们的才华。)”和Port of Spain, Trinidad-Average January high:88°F部分“The capital of Trinidad is one of the top spots in the Caribbean to experience a pre-Lent carnival, with musicians and dancers in feathered costumes kicking off the party in the central Queen’s Park Savannah.( 特立尼达的首都是加勒比海地区体验大斋节前狂欢节的最佳地点之一，在萨凡纳女王公园中心，穿着羽毛服装的音乐家和舞者拉开了派对的序幕。)”可知，在这两个地方游客可以欣赏到狂欢节舞蹈。故选B。
33．推理判断题。根据第一段的“TWhatever your idea of a winter getaway, here are some urban destinations where you can embrace the season.(无论你对冬季度假的想法是什么，这里有一些城市目的地，你可以拥抱这个季节。)”以及下文的介绍可知，文章讲述了几个寒假可以去旅游的城市目的地，因此推断选择旅游杂志。故选B。
34．D 35．D 36．B 37．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一部纪录片电影《晚安，机遇号》，它追溯了“机遇号”和“勇气号”这个火星漫游车的旅程，以及从概念到最后一次传输，为它们奉献生命的人们。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段“But a storm forming on the horizon changed everything. This storm was different. It rapidly grew in size, encircling the planet and blocking out the sun. The solar-powered rover’s last message to mission control translated to this: “My battery is low and it’s getting dark.”（但地平线上形成的一场风暴改变了一切。这次风暴不一样。它的体积迅速增大，环绕着火星，挡住了太阳。太阳能火星车向任务控制中心发送的最后一条信息是这样的：“我的电池快没电了，天快黑了。”）”可知，巨大的风暴遮住了太阳，让“机遇号”火星漫游车无法获取太阳能，因此结束了生命。故选D项。
35．细节理解题。根据第四段中“These two rovers built by NASA engineers in the early 2000s were to search for past evidence of water on Mars.（这两辆探测车是由美国宇航局的工程师在21世纪初建造的，目的是寻找火星上存在水的证据。）”可知，美国宇航局发送这两辆火车漫游车是为了发现火星上曾经存在水的迹象。故选D项。
36．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“The film traces the journey of the twin rovers — Opportunity and Spirit — and the people who dedicated their lives to them from concept to that last transmission.（这部电影追溯了“机遇号”和“勇气号”这对孪生漫游车的旅程，以及从概念到最后一次传输，为它们奉献生命的人们。）”和倒数第二段中“The bonds between team members and the rovers quickly deepened, despite the vast distance between Earth and Mars, making it more difficult when Spirit’s journey ended in 2011 and Opportunity fell silent in 2018.（尽管地球和火星之间距离遥远，但团队成员和漫游车之间的联系迅速加深，这使得2011年“勇气号”的旅程结束、2018年“机遇号”的沉寂变得更加困难。）”可知，这部电影围绕“机遇号”和“勇气号”漫游车展开，两个漫游车和团队成员之间建立了深厚的感情联系。由此推知，最后一段中“robotic ambassador”指的就是“机遇号”和“勇气号”火星漫游车。故选B项。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段“In the opening scenes of the new film Good Night Oppy, the Opportunity rover (漫游车) rolls along through Perseverance Valley on Mars in June 2018.（2018年6月，在新电影《晚安，机遇号》的片头，“机遇号”漫游车在火星上的毅力谷行驶。）”、第三段中“This chapter is just the beginning of the documentary, available to stream on Amazon Prime on November 23, 2022.（这一章只是这部纪录片的开始，将于2022年11月23日在亚马逊Prime上播放。）”和最后一段中“The film shines a light on the hope of space exploration and captures the emotional attachment between humans and the robotic ambassadors that explore on our behalf.（这部电影揭示了太空探索的希望，并捕捉到了人类与代表我们探索的机器人大使之间的情感依恋。）”可知，文章主要围绕纪录片电影《晚安，机遇号》展开，文中穿插了对背景信息的介绍。由此推知，文章的目的是推荐一部纪录片电影。故选A项。
38．C 39．A 40．B 41．B

【导语】本文为新闻报道。文章介绍了冠状病毒疾病疫苗研究中取得的突破可能为开发出一种潜在的抗癌疫苗指明方向，并介绍了研究开展的过程及发现。
38．细节理解题。根据第四段“BioNTech was founded in 2008 specifically to work on cancer treatments. “Our focus has always been on achieving the full potential of the body’s immune system to successfully help handle cancer and infectious diseases,” says the company website.(BioNTech成立于2008年，专门从事癌症治疗工作。该公司网站上说：“我们的重点一直是充分发挥人体免疫系统的潜力，成功地帮助治疗癌症和传染病。”)”可知，自公司诞生以来，BioNTech的使命是探索癌症的治疗方法。故选C。
39．推理判断题。根据第五段““As scientists we are always hesitant to say we will have a cure for cancer,” said Tureci. “We have gained a mass of breakthroughs and we will continue to work on them. . . this will definitely quicken also our cancer vaccine.”(“作为科学家，我们总是不太敢说我们能治愈癌症，”Tureci说。“我们已经取得了大量突破，我们将继续努力……这肯定也会加快我们的癌症疫苗研制。”)”可推知，Ozlem Tureci谨慎而坚定。故选A。
40．推理判断题。根据最后一段“What made the potential breakthrough even more inspiring, he said, was that any treatment could be personalized to work on an individual cancer patient’s specific circumstances. “You can take someone who’s got cancer, take their own tumor and make an RNA vaccine out of that and improve their own immune system specifically against their own tumor. That’s a really awesome thing to see,” he added.(他说，让这一潜在突破更鼓舞人心的是，任何治疗都可以针对个别癌症患者的具体情况进行个性化治疗。“你可以找一个癌症患者，取出他们自己的肿瘤，从中制造出RNA疫苗，提高他们自己的免疫系统，专门针对他们自己的肿瘤。这真是一件很棒的事情，”他补充道)”可推知，Luke O’Neill对BioNTech的研究持乐观态度。故选B。
41．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Pioneers of the research that led to one of the first COVID-19 vaccines say breakthroughs obtained in their studies could point the way toward developing a potential vaccine against cancer before the end of the decade.(首批COVID-19疫苗之一的研究先驱表示，他们在研究中取得的突破可能为在本世纪末之前开发出一种潜在的抗癌疫苗指明道路)”并结合文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现可知，这篇文章主要讲的是COVID-19研究为癌症治疗带来希望。故选B。
42．A 43．D 44．D 45．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是美术馆和艺术家支持和认同自拍和社交媒体。
42．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Old Royal Naval College, in Greenwich, southeast London, is reducing visitor numbers on Mondays for its Museum of the Moon artwork “for those looking for the perfect Insta shot”. It will sell 400 tickets a session in its Painted Hall rather than the usual 800, so influencers(网红)can show their best sides without the crowds. ( 位于伦敦东南部格林威治的老皇家海军学院(Old Royal Naval College)将减少周一参观月球博物馆艺术品的游客人数，“这些艺术品是为那些想在Instagram上拍出完美照片的人准备的”。它将在画厅出售400张门票，而不是通常的800张，这样网红们就可以在没有人群的情况下展示自己最好的一面。)”可知，The Old Royal Naval College通过每周一减少出售门票数量给网红提供不太拥挤的环境，由此可知，The Old Royal Naval College给网红这样的游客安排特定的时间。故选A项。
43．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Sarah Codrington, head of marketing at the college, said, “Social Media Mondays” were partly about appealing to influencers but also freeing up the rest of the week for visitors who might be inconvenienced by people dressing themselves up for their Instagram feed. (该学院的营销主管萨拉·科德林顿(Sarah Codrington)说，“社交媒体星期一”在一定程度上是为了吸引网红，但也为那些可能因人们在Instagram上打扮自己而感到不便的游客腾出了一周的剩余时间。)”可知，“社交媒体星期一”不但吸引了有影响力的人，而且还给那些在欣赏过程中希望不被打扰的人提供了便利，由此可知，“社交媒体星期一”满足了不同人们的需求。故选D项。
44．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Sarah Codrington, head of marketing at the college, said, “Social Media Mondays” were partly about appealing to influencers but also freeing up the rest of the week for visitors who might be inconvenienced by people dressing themselves up for their Instagram feed. (该学院的营销主管萨拉·科德林顿(Sarah Codrington)说，“社交媒体星期一”一方面是为了吸引网红，另一方面也是为了腾出一周剩下的时间，让那些可能因为有人在Instagram上打扮自己而感到不方便的游客。)”可知，“Social Media Mondays”一方面可以吸引来这里拍视频做主播的游客，同时也可以为那些在欣赏过程中可能被打扰的人开放一周别的时间，这样可以满足网红主播和普通游客的需求，这本身也是互惠互利的的实践。故选D项。
45．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The college, which is displaying a seven-metre model of the moon, created by the artist Luke Jerram, tells ticket holders, “Posing, influencer photo shoots and selfies are encouraged.”(该学院正在展示一个由艺术家卢克·杰拉姆(Luke Jerram)创作的7米高的月球模型，该学院告诉持票人：“鼓励摆姿势、网红照片和自拍。”。)”以及第三段中的“Jerram, whose Museum of the Moon has been displayed in numerous venues (场馆); said, “I had not been consulted about Social Media Mondays but approved. People sometimes complain that there are so many people there that they weren’t having the best experience. People were lying on the floor and doing selfies. Part of the fun of the artwork is watching others interact with it.” (杰拉姆(Jerram)，他的月球博物馆已经在许多地方展出过。他说：“没有人就‘社交媒体星期一’征求我的意见，但我同意了。人们有时会抱怨那里人太多，他们没有得到最好的体验。人们躺在地板上自拍。艺术作品的部分乐趣在于观看他人与之互动。”。)”和尾段中的“But Jerram said galleries should accept it. (但杰拉姆说，展览馆应该接受它。)”可知，Luke Jerram鼓励摆姿势、网红照片和自拍，认为展览馆应该接受这些行为，也就是说，展览馆不要拒绝自拍者。故选C项。
46．B 47．A 48．C 49．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们对幽默和基因之间的关系进行了研究。结论是，环境影响在双胞胎发现有趣的方面比遗传因素起着更重要的作用。
46．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The conclusion was that environmental influences played a more important role in what the twins found funny than genetics.”（结论是，环境影响在双胞胎发现有趣的方面比遗传因素起着更重要的作用。）可知，关于双胞胎的研究发现了环境对幽默的影响比基因更大。故选B项。
47．推理判断题。根据第二段中“And even though the research has collected evidence on how there can be a connection between laughing and smiling behaviors and genes, we still need more similar studies before considering the results as a fact.”（尽管这项研究已经收集了大笑和微笑行为与基因之间存在联系的证据，但在将结果视为事实之前，我们仍然需要更多类似的研究。）可推知，从第二段我们能了解到需要更多的研究来证实最近的研究结果。故选A项。
48．细节理解题。根据第四段“When we’re young, we learn to talk and do regular activities by observing people and things around us. While growing up, you are exposed to jokes that people around you make and find funny. You will pick up behavioral signs and develop your sense of humor based on all of that. It’s not a surprise that your sense of humor is based on the sense of humor of the people you grew up with, rather than on the genes of your ancestors.”（当我们年轻的时候，我们通过观察周围的人和事来学习说话和做有规律的活动。在成长的过程中，你会接触到周围人的笑话，并觉得很有趣。你会发现一些行为迹象，并以此为基础发展你的幽默感。你的幽默感是基于和你一起长大的人的幽默感，而不是基于你祖先的基因，这并不奇怪。）可知，作者可能会同意的是幽默感可以通过观察和跟随他人获得。故选C项。
49．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Studies have been done on the connection between humor and genes. The most common ones involved researchers observing the same twins and looking at how genes affect their sense of humor. There was a study with 390 adult twins who were asked to rate 48 cartoons of different humor varieties based on how funny they found them.  The conclusion was that environmental influences played a more important role in what the twins found funny than genetics.”（人们对幽默和基因之间的关系进行了研究。最常见的是研究人员观察同一批双胞胎，观察基因是如何影响他们的幽默感的。有一项针对390对成年双胞胎的研究，他们被要求对48部不同幽默类型的漫画进行评分，根据他们觉得这些漫画有多有趣。结论是，环境影响在双胞胎发现有趣的方面比遗传因素起着更重要的作用。）可知，文章主要讲的是幽默可能并不是与天俱来的，研究结论表明，环境影响在双胞胎发现有趣的方面比遗传因素起着更重要的作用。故文章最好的标题是“你能天生幽默吗？”。故选A项。
50．D 51．C 52．B

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是欧洲四个最佳自行车度假目的地。
50．细节理解题。根据Girona, Spain部分中的“Girona’s old town itself is a beauty and with plenty of places serving great food and great coffee, there’s a certain magic to the place.( Girona的老城区本身就是一个美丽的地方，有很多地方提供美味的食物和美味的咖啡，这个地方有一种魔力。)”和Algarve, Portugal部分中的“Away from the bike, there is also plenty of tasty food and local wines to try.(除了自行车，还有很多美味的食物和当地的葡萄酒可供尝试。)”可知，这个自行车度假目的地都给游客们提供美味的食物。故选D项。
51．细节理解题。根据Northern Scotland, UK 部分中的“Particularly adventurous cyclists can take advantage of Scotland’s rules on wild camping— Scottish law allows members of the public the right to roam, while English law does not.(特别喜欢冒险的自行车手可以利用苏格兰关于野外露营的规定——苏格兰法律允许公众有权在野外露营，而英格兰法律则不允许。)”可知，喜欢冒险的自行车手可以利用苏格兰关于野外露营的规定，所以要是喜欢冒险，可以去Northern Scotland, UK。故选C项。
52．细节理解题。根据Julian Alps, Slovenia部分中的“It’s no surprise once you’ve come here you’ll find that the country does very well in producing world class bike racers.(一旦你来到这里，你会发现这个国家在培养世界级的自行车赛车手方面做得很好，这一点也不奇怪。)”可知，看到斯洛文尼亚培养出世界级的自行车赛手一点都不奇怪，由此可知，Julian Alps, Slovenia的特别之处在于它有很多的世界级自行车赛手。故选B项。
53．B 54．D 55．A 56．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。耶鲁大学的学者们对西点军校的10000多名学员进行了一项研究，以确定那些受到内在回报激励的学员与那些受到“工具性”或外部奖励驱动的学员的相对成功程度，研究认为应激发学生内在的学习动机。
53．细节理解题。根据第二段“In fact, they found that cadets who expressed the most internal motivation were more successful than those who showed mixed motives to serve.(事实上，他们发现，最能表现出内在动机的学员比表现出两种动机都有的学员更成功)”可知，受内部动机驱动的学员最能成功，故选B项。
54．词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“Rewarding students for getting their schoolwork done with prizes, snacks and even grades, as most schools do, can have the unintended effect(像大多数学校一样，用奖品、零食甚至成绩来奖励完成学业的学生，可能会产生意料之外的效果)”以及下文“a child’s drive to learn for its own good.(孩子为自己而学习的动力)”可知此处上下文说的是通过外部奖励激励学生，会产生意料之外的效果，这说明会导致不好的结果，即破坏孩子学习的内在动机，由此可知，划线单词意为“破坏”，与D项“Ruining(毁坏)”意思一样，故选D项。
55．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Randy Wallock, a seventh-grade language arts teacher in New Jersey, encourages learning for its own good among his students: They’re given choice and autonomy and the freedom to work at their own pace. He also tries to build what he calls “little cultures within the classroom to encourage learning”; teenagers are responsive to social expectations, and creating environments where curiosity is cool invites more self-directed learning.(兰迪·沃洛克是新泽西州的一名七年级语言艺术教师，他鼓励学生们为了自己的利益而学习: 他们有选择权、自主权和按照自己的节奏学习的自由。他还试图建立他所谓的“课堂内的小文化来鼓励学习”；青少年对社会期望有反应，创造一个好奇心冷静的环境可以吸引更多的自主学习。)”可知，Randy Wallock在第五段强调了激发学生学习动机的方法，故选A项。
56．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Schwartz agrees, but warns that sending out these kinds of signals must be done slowly and subtly. He adds, “You have to be careful you’re not making this another instrumental reward.”(施瓦茨对此表示赞同，但他警告说，发出这些信号必须缓慢而微妙。他补充道，“你必须小心，不要让这成为另一种工具性的奖励。”)”可推知，对于Wrzesniewski的话，Schwartz表达出了一些担忧，故选C项。
57．B 58．C 59．D 60．D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了现年30岁的尼泊尔Lama一直都致力于野生动物保护。他领导着一队训练有素的自然资源保护主义者，致力于与社区合作来保护濒危的野生动物。
57．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In the folklore (传说) of Lama’s community, snow leopards reveal themselves only when humans disturb the natural order. (在Lama社区的民间传说中，雪豹只有在人类扰乱自然秩序时才会现身。)”可知，传说，雪豹在人类扰乱自然秩序时才会现身，故选B。
58．细节理解题。根据第三段“They document and track threatened and endangered wildlife, facilitate workshops where local people share their knowledge of the landscape and run clubs for children to learn about conservation from an early age. (他们记录和跟踪受到威胁和濒危的野生动物，为当地人分享自然景观知识的研讨会提供便利，并为儿童开办俱乐部，让他们从小就了解自然保护知识。)”可知，Lama团队成员开办俱乐部是为了让孩子们了解自然保护知识。故选C。
59．细节理解题。倒数第二段中“What makes Lamas project unique is that it’s driven entirely by the people it serves. (Lamas项目的独特之处在于它完全由它所服务的人来组织。)”和““Gaining community trust should be the first step,” he says. (“赢得社区的信任应该是第一步，”他说。)”可知，Lama的项目与其他项目的不同之处在于，它有社区的支持，故选D。
60．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“To show that it’s possible to obtain benefits from the land without harming it, Lama’s team has launched programs teaching beekeeping or helping locals to sell handmade artworks. “The people leading this project are from here,” he says. (为了证明从这片土地上获得利益而不伤害它是可能的，Lama的团队已经启动了一些教授养蜂或帮助当地人出售手工艺品的项目。)”可知，Lama的团队通过为当地人提供各种赚钱方法来应对挑战，故选D。
61．D 62．A 63．A 64．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了ChatGPT以很强的信息处理能力，提供深度答案的特点深受大众喜欢。但是教育工作者对ChatGPT的反应不一。
61．推理判断题。根据首段末句“Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies. (它为用户问题提供深度答案的能力甚至吸引了知名科技公司的注意)”可推知，ChatGPT最受人关注的特点是能够提供深度答案。故选D。
62．细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句““Now you’ll have this resource that can process (处理，加工) the whole internet and all of the information it contains for you to answer your question.” This makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic. (“现在你有了这个可以处理整个互联网及其包含的所有信息的资源来回答你的问题。”这使得ChatGPT成为研究几乎任何主题的有用工具)”可知，ChatGPT可以处理互联网包含的所有的信息资源，具有很强的信息处理能力，有助于研究不同的话题。故选A。
63．细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“ChatGPT cannot think on its own. It depends on the information that it has been trained on. (ChatGPT不能独立思考。这取决于它所接受的训练信息)”可知，ChatGPT不能独立思考。故选A。
64．推理判断题。根据末段前两句“However, ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators. Some believe it could serve as a valuable tool to help build literacy skills in the classroom. (然而，教育工作者对ChatGPT的反应不一。一些人认为，它可以作为一种有价值的工具，帮助在课堂上培养读写能力)”以及第四句“But other educators think ChatGPT will encourage students to cheat. (但其他教育工作者认为ChatGPT会鼓励学生作弊)”可知，作者列举了教育工作者对ChatGPT的不同反应。由此推知，作者态度客观，不偏不倚。故选C。
65．C 66．D 67．A 68．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了加利福尼亚州大树大面积损失的严重性并分析了损失的原因。
65．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds.(这项新的研究发现，在加州超过46000平方英里的森林中，直径超过2英尺的树木数量减少了50%)”以及“In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.(在Sierra高地地区，大树的数量减少了55%以上；南加州部分地区下降了近75%)”可推断，这些数据表明加州的大树损失较为严重。故选C。
66．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Aggressive wildfire control has unpredictably left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.(难以预料的是，积极的野火控制使加利福尼亚的森林里长满了小树，它们与大树争夺资源)”可知，野火控制措施本意是好的，却导致了大树的损失。故选D。
67．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factor driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air.(McIntyre说，自20世纪30年代以来，导致该州水资源紧张的最大因素是气温上升，这导致树木向空气中流失了更多的水分)”可知，McIntyre认为水资源紧张的主要因素是气温上升。故选A。
68．主旨大意题。根据第一段“California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor.(周二公布的一项研究显示，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树，而气候变化似乎是一个主要因素)”及全文可知，本文主要介绍的是加利福尼亚州大树大面积损失的严重性并分析了损失的原因。所以C项“加利福尼亚州的森林：大树都去哪儿了？”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
69．B 70．B 71．D 72．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在虎鲨的帮助下，巴哈马海岸发现了一片巨大的海草草地，为世界提供了应对气候变化的工具，因为海草可以通过光合作用捕获大量的碳，并将其储存在海底。
69．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thanks to the assistance of tiger sharks, a huge seagrass meadow in the Bahamas Banks has been discovered, offering the world a tool to fight climate change.(在虎鲨的帮助下，巴哈马群岛的一片巨大的海草草地被发现，为世界提供了对抗气候变化的工具)”可知，巴哈马群岛的海草草地是在虎鲨的帮助下被发现的，即通过追踪虎鲨被发现的。故选B项。
70．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Seagrass can capture (捕获) huge quantities of carbon by photosynthesis(光合作用) and stores it on the seafloor. In terms of climate change, this is excellent news(海草可以通过光合作用捕获大量的碳，并将其储存在海底。就气候变化而言，这是个好消息)”可知，就气候变化而言，海草好处是可以储存大量的碳。故选B项。
71．主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了在虎鲨的帮助下，巴哈马海岸发现了一片巨大的海草草地，为世界提供了应对气候变化的工具，因为海草可以通过光合作用捕获大量的碳，并将其储存在海底。所以文章传达的主要信息是海草草地在应对气候变化方面具有巨大的潜力。故选D项。
72．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“This new discovery offers optimism and proves the importance of the ocean for healing.(这一新发现令人乐观，并证明了海洋对治愈的重要性)”和最后一段“These meadows can be protected and can be copied, offering hope for climate change around the globe.(这些草地可以被保护和复制，为全球气候变化带来了希望)”可知，作者对海草草场的发现持积极态度。故选B项。
73．B 74．A 75．C 76．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了韩国越来越多的年轻人远离城市喧嚣、回归田园生活的现象。
73．推理判断题。第一段“WHEN KIM JI-UN lived in Seoul, she worried about finding a good job. Now, she is worried that drought may ruin her crop.(当KIM JI-UN住在首尔时，她担心找不到一份好工作。现在，她担心干旱会毁了她的庄稼)”提到Kim女士从城市回归农村，下文讲述了韩国出现的“回归农村生活”的现象。由此推知，一段提到Kim女士是为了引入本文话题。故选B。
74．词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“They sell fresh produce on Naver, South Korea’s largest search engine.(他们在韩国最大的搜索引擎Naver上销售新鲜农产品)”可知，年轻农民可以在数字技术的帮助下在线上销售农产品。由此猜测，画线短语所在句意为“对数字技术的适应给年轻农民提供了帮助”，即a leg up意为“帮助”，故选A。
75．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The most important lesson is how to get on with the locals.(最重要的一课是如何与当地人相处)”可知，年轻农民面临的挑战是学习沟通技巧。故选C。
76．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“By planting young farmers in rural areas, the government hopes to enjoy big rewards in future.(政府希望通过在农村地区培养年轻农民，在未来获得巨大的回报)”及第三段内容“The plan is working. In 2021 nearly 380, 000 people moved to the countryside. Comfort with digital technology gives young farmers a leg up, says Cho Kyung-ik, the director of the Beginning Farmer’s Centre, an institution educating those who wish to kwichon at its downtown offices. They sell fresh produce on Naver, South Korea’s largest search engine.(这个计划正在奏效。2021年，近38万人迁往农村。‘新手农民中心’主任Cho Kyung-ik说，对数字技术的适应给年轻农民提供了帮助，该中心在市中心的办公室里为那些想要归村的人提供教育。他们在韩国最大的搜索引擎Naver上销售新鲜农产品)”推知，年轻人从城市回归农村有助于振兴农村地区。故选C。