2022-2023学年福建省泉州第一中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年福建省泉州第一中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题含解析，共28页。试卷主要包含了04)等内容，欢迎下载使用。

 泉州一中2022-2023学年第二学期期中考
高二年英语试卷(2023.04)
(考试时间120分钟，总分150分)
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节：(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，每段对话仅读一遍。
1 How is the weather in the mountains?
A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Snowy.
2. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Cooking. B. Traditions. C. Experiments.
3. Why does the man read in weak light?
A. He is afraid of light.
B. His brother is sleeping.
C. He doesn’t care about his eyes.
4. How much money did the man lend the woman?
A. $70. B. $80. C. $100.
5. What is the man’s opinion about sleep?
A. Four hours is plenty for him.
B. Eight hours is too much for the woman.
C. Six hours is the least for most people.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In the kitchen. B. In the bedroom. C. In the study.
7. When does the man plan to go to sleep?
A. At 11:00 p.m. B. At 3:00 a.m. C. At 4:00 a.m.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. How long did Marco Polo travel?
A. For 13 years. B. For 17 years. C. For 24 years.
9. What does the man suggest the woman do at the end?
A. Read a storybook about Xuanzang.
B. Write an essay about Marco Polo.
C. Imagine the life in ancient times.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What language is Richard fluent in?
A French. B. Spanish. C. Italian.
11. What is Molly going to do?
A. Spend a year in France.
B. Spend six months in France.
C. Spend a year in Spain
12. What is Richard’s advice for learning a new language?
A. Going traveling often.
B. Using the dictionary often.
C. Surrounding yourself in the environment.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What will Henry do at the beach?
A. Go swimming. B. Go walking. C. Go biking.
14. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Colleagues. B. Classmates. C. Brother and sister.
15 Why won’t Kelly go to the beach tomorrow?
A. It will rain. B. She has to work. C. She is sensitive to the sun.
16. Who will drive the car today?
A. Ryan. B. Henry. C. Kelly.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What would MAD Architects prefer buildings to be like?
A. More environmentally friendly.
B. More attractive.
C. More traditional.
18. What does MAD Architects want to provide?
A. The situation of separation from nature.
B. The experience of living in ancient times.
C. The feeling of being in the natural world.
19. Where will the Urban Forest be built?
A. In Beijing. B. In Chongqing. C. In Rome.
20. Who should apply for a job according to the talk?
A. Architects. B. Engineers. C. Office workers.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节：(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
There are three things you can watch forever: Instagram feeds, YouTube videos and water. Among them, water is definitely something no one argues about, and there are many unusual water attractions that you can find around the world.
Bangkok Floating Markets
There are many floating markets where goods are sold from boats. While modern markets are more popular, floating markets still are a huge attraction for local tourism. Any visitors can purchase local foods and traditional handcrafted (手工的) souvenirs. Bargaining is a part of experience. So, start low and get the price you are ready to pay.
Bregenzer Festspiele
The Bregenz Festival is held every year from July to August in Vorarlberg. It has the world’s largest stage on the water. The performances are different every year but they are usually united by one theme. The decorations are very impressive and are worth seeing.
Marina Bay Stadium
This stadium was built as a temporary solution while Singapore National Stadium was rebuilt. The stadium was used for the opening and closing ceremonies during 2010 Summer Youth Olympics. It was a floating platform where the Formula One Grand Prix event was successfully held.
Archipelago Cinema
Archipelago Cinema is probably one of the world’s most scenic open-air cinemas that floats in the middle of a lake. The cinema was designed by German architect Ole Scheeren, who built it using techniques popular among local people. This cinema stage was built specially for the film festival Film on the Rocks Yao Noi.
1. What is special about Bangkok Floating Markets?
A. Local foods are free to taste.
B. Visitors can make boats by themselves.
C. Bargaining for a good price is an experience.
D. Performances on water are impressive to see.
2. Which one was used for Formula One Grand Prix event?
A Archipelago Cinema. B. Marina Bay Stadium.
C. Bregenzer Festspiele. D. Bangkok Floating Markets.
3. What do Marina Bay Stadium and Archipelago Cinema have in common?
A. They both hold ceremonies every year.
B. They both used local building techniques.
C. They were both built for a special purpose.
D. They both provide visitors with sports events.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个有趣的水上旅游胜地。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Bangkok Floating Markets下列段落中“Bargaining is a part of experience. (讨价还价是体验的一部分。)”可知，在Bangkok Floating Markets，讨价还价是一种体验。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Marina Bay Stadium下列段落中“It was a floating platform where the Formula One Grand Prix event was successfully held. (这是一个浮动平台，一级方程式大奖赛在这里成功举行。)”可知，在Marina Bay Stadium举行了一级方程式大奖赛。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Marina Bay Stadium下列段落中第一句“This stadium was built as a temporary solution while Singapore National Stadium was rebuilt. (这座体育场是在重建新加坡国家体育场时临时修建的。)”以及Archipelago Cinema下列段落中最后一句“This cinema stage was built specially for the film festival Film on the Rocks Yao Noi. (这个电影舞台是为电影节Film on the Rocks Yao Noi而专门建造的。)”可知，它们的共同之处是它们都是出于特殊目的而建造的。故选C项。
B
In 2007,Bianca Valenti had an experience which nearly killed her. When she paddled out at Ocean Beach in San Francisco, she met a wave the length of a garage and as tall as a two-story house.
“The second I went under water, I was just getting knocked and spun every which way. And then my feet touched the sand bottom there. I swam to the surface. At this point my lungs were burning painfully. I just thought to myself, ‘If there’s one more wave after this, I’m going to die.’ Luckily there wasn’t another wave. ”That was when Valenti knew she had the drive and skill to surf big waves.
By 2014, Valenti surfed and won her first big waves contest at Nelscott Reef in Oregon. There, she met fellow professionals Paige Alms, Andrea Moller, and Keala Kennelly. “Two things got me fired up at that point,” she said. “I wanted to have the opportunity to win more events, but there weren’t more events for women. Also I noticed that just the sight of women surfing big waves was opening people’s minds... That’s really annoying.” Luckily, Valenti, Alms, Moller, and Kennelly became a dynamic foursome and decided to stick together, support each other, and then fight together.
The four surfers formed Committee for Equity in Women’s Surfing(CEWS) to fight for entrance at Mavericks—a contest set in the surfing location of the same name, north of Half Moon Bay. Mavericks was invitation-only and was open to only men when CEWS was formed. Now, through the organization’s hard work with the State of California, women are awarded12 spots to surf.
When Valenti was young, there weren’t many women represented in surfing culture. “I think it’s important for young kids to have all kinds of role models. That way they know all the people who they see as superheroes are just normal people who have crazy dreams. And sometimes the dreams aren’t even that crazy. If you work hard and you stick together with your friends, you can do anything. You can move mountains.”
4. What inspired Valenti to surf big waves?
A. Her gift in learning surfing skills.
B. Her near-death experience in 2007.
C. Her courage to challenge men surfers.
D. Her ambition to be the best role model.
5. What does the underlined phrase “fired up” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Angry. B. Excited.
C. Depressed D. Concerned.
6. What do we know about Mavericks in Valenti’s time?
A. It was named after the bay.
B. All surfers were admitted to it freely.
C. It opened 12 spots for women surfers.
D. Surfers could only attend it by invitation.
7. Which of the following phrases can best describe Valenti?
A. Ambitious and courageous. B. Emotional and stubborn.
C. Tough and impractical. D. Simple-minded and helpful.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是冲浪者比安卡·瓦伦蒂在一次差点死掉的经历中意识到自己有动力和技巧在大浪中冲浪，后来她和几个同行成立妇女冲浪公平委员会，证明了妇女也可以冲浪，给孩子们树立了榜样。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“That was when Valenti knew she had the drive and skill to surf big waves.（那是瓦伦蒂知道她有动力和技巧在大浪中冲浪。）”可知，2007年她的濒死经历激发了瓦伦蒂去冲浪，故选B。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段的“I wanted to have the opportunity to win more events, but there weren’t more events for women. Also I noticed that just the sight of women surfing big waves was opening people’s minds... That’s really annoying.（我想有机会赢得更多的项目，但没有更多的女子项目。我还注意到，仅仅是看到女人在大浪中冲浪，就能打开人们的思想……真烦人。 ）”可知，当时没有女子冲浪项目，这让她很生气，fired up意为“生气的”，由annoying（令人生气的）也可知道答案，故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“Mavericks was invitation-only and was open to only men when CEWS was formed.（在CEWS成立时，Mavericks只能通过邀请参加，且只对男性开放）”可知，只有受到邀请的冲浪者才能参加Mavericks，故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Now, through the organization’s hard work with the State of California, women are awarded12 spots to surf.（现在，通过该组织与加利福尼亚州的努力，女性被授予12个冲浪地点。）”和最后一段的“If you work hard and you stick together with your friends, you can do anything. You can move mountains.（如果你努力工作，和你的朋友在一起，你可以做任何事。你可以移山。）”可知，Valenti是有抱负的，勇敢的，故选A。
C
Let’s say you want to purchase a camera, and you’re comparing two different advertisements. In one, the pictures, colors, and instructions make the information easy to read. The other has an unclear style that takes more time for you to understand. If you decide to purchase the second camera with the more confusing advertisement, new research out of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute shows that, over time, you’ll likely be happier with your choice.
In a paper co-authored by Gaurav Jain, an assistant professor of marketing in the Lally School of Management at Rensselaer, researchers found that nonstop stimuli (刺激), or the difficulty for an individual to process a message, increases people’s attitudes toward that message after a time delay.
“This research has a real-life impact,” Jain said. “Most of the time, marketing communicators try to make their message clear. What we learned, however, is that there are certain times, especially when people need to make choices, when we should actually use nonstop stimuli so that whatever people are choosing, they will like it once time has passed.”
Using primary data collection designed by Jain of about 500 diverse individuals, researchers also found that consumers judge the time spent in the decision-making process wrongly. Rather than recognizing that the lengthy decision came from trying to understand the information, when looking back on the process, consumers instead believe they spent the time on making the decision. This leads the consumer to believe the decision they made was informed and worthy.
These findings are meaningful for marketing communications in many fields.
“When people are making decisions,” Jain said, “like choosing insurance products, retirement funds, or even when choosing an elected official, marketers and designers need to remember that if we can make an individual spend some time in that choosing process, it’s more likely people will stick with the option they chose over time.”
Jain says that when consumers’ attitudes about a product increase, the impact on post-purchase decisions like returns and reviews of the product will be more favorable to the brand.
8. How does the author introduce the topic?
A. By listing figures. B. By giving examples.
C. By using others’ words. D. By showing people’s reviews.
9. What should marketing communicators do according to Gaurav Jain?
A. Make their message short.
B. Make their message attractive.
C. Make their message easy to understand.
D. Make their message hard to understand.
10. In which aspect can this discovery be used for marketers?
A. Writing a paper. B. Selling a product.
C. Choosing a camera. D. Designing a new brand.
11. Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
A. Time Delay: What is it
B. Suggestions to the Marketers
C. How to Make Consumers Happy
D. Difficult Decision, Satisfactory Choice
【答案】8 B 9. D 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种心理现象——消费者花更多时间所做出的决定往往会增加其后期的满足感。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Let’s say you want to purchase a camera, and you’re comparing two different advertisements. In one, the pictures, colors, and instructions make the information easy to read. The other has an unclear style that takes more time for you to understand. If you decide to purchase the second camera with the more confusing advertisement, new research out of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute shows that, over time, you’ll likely be happier with your choice. (假设你想买一个相机，你在比较两个不同的广告。其中，图片、颜色和说明使信息易于阅读。另一种风格不清晰，你需要更多时间才能理解。伦斯勒理工学院的一项新研究表明，如果你决定购买第二台广告更令人困惑的相机，随着时间的推移，你可能会对自己的选择感到更满意)”可推知，作者是通过举例（买相机）来引出文章话题的。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“In a paper co-authored by Gaurav Jain, an assistant professor of marketing in the Lally School of Management at Rensselaer, researchers found that nonstop stimuli (刺激), or the difficulty for an individual to process a message, increases people’s attitudes toward that message after a time delay.(在伦斯勒莱利管理学院营销学助理教授Gaurav Jain合著的一篇论文中，研究人员发现，不间断的刺激，或个体处理信息的困难，会在一段时间延迟后增加人们对该信息的态度)”可以推知，Gaurav Jain建议营销传播者加强他们的信息的难度，让人难以理解。故选D项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Jain所说“When people are making decisions, like choosing insurance products, retirement funds, or even when choosing an elected official, marketers and designers need to remember that if we can make an individual spend some time in that choosing process, it’s more likely people will stick with the option they chose over time. (当人们做决定时，选择保险产品、退休基金、甚至在选择一个民选官员，营销人员和设计师需要记住，如果我们能让一个人花一些时间在选择过程中，更有可能随着时间的推移人们会坚持他们选择的选项。”)”可推知，设计师应该在销售产品的时候利用消费者的心理。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“If you decide to purchase the second camera with the more confusing advertisement, new research out of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute shows that, over time, you’ll likely be happier with your choice. (伦斯勒理工学院的一项新研究表明，如果你决定购买第二台广告更令人困惑的相机，随着时间的推移，你可能会对自己的选择感到更满意)”以及第四段中“Rather than recognizing that the lengthy decision came from trying to understand the information, when looking back on the process, consumers instead believe they spent the time on making the decision. This leads the consumer to believe the decision they made was informed and worthy. (当回顾这个过程时，消费者并没有意识到这个漫长的决定来自于试图理解信息，而是认为他们花了时间来做这个决定。这使得消费者相信他们所做的决定是明智的和有价值的)”可知，文章介绍了一种心理现象——消费者花更多时间所做出的决定往往会增加其后期的满足感。D项“困难的决定，满意的选择”突出文章主题，适合做标题。故选D项。
D
Arguably, the biggest science development of the year to date has been the images of the very depths of the universe taken by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Those images beg a comparison between the external and internal universes that science is bent on observing and understanding.
Decades ago, astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said, “The universe is also within is. We’re made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself. ” He was commenting then on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space.
There are many similarities between the progress we’ve made in understanding the universe and in piecing together life’s inner workings. Like the technological developments that took us from Galileo’s telescope to the Hubble to the JWST, life science tools have also improved rapidly. From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones, these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biology’s infinitesimal (无限小的) landscape. Learning that living things were composed of cells was, not a terribly long time ago, a revolutionary observation. Since then, scientists have been able to dive ever deeper into the components of life.
Going beyond merely observing the complicated makeup of organisms, life scientists can now discover the workings of molecules (分子). And that is where scanning the universe differs from peering into biology. Understanding the universe, especially from a functional standpoint, is not necessarily an immediate urgency. Understanding biology on that level is. Simply observing the amazing internal structure of cells is not enough. Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges. Being able to image a virus or bacterium is nice at the level of basic science. But knowing how viruses gain entry into cells and spread, infect, and disable can literally save lives. Through time, biology has risen to this mechanistic challenge. Not only can life science tools produce images of cell components, even more importantly, they can help predict the effects of drugs on receptors, of immune cells on foreign invaders (入侵者), and of genetic perturbations (基因干扰) on development and aging.
This is not to belittle the work of scientists researching into universe. They should rightly be praised for delivering views of impossibly distant, impossibly massive phenomena. My aim is to celebrate these accomplishments while at the same time recognizing that science’s inward search for detail and insight is equally impressive and, in my view, more urgent. The output of both the outward and inward explorations should stimulate wonder in everyone. After all, it’s all star-stuff.
12. Why does the author quote Carl Sagan’s comment in Paragraph 2?
A. To introduce the background. B. To prove an assumption.
C. To make a comparison. D. To present an idea.
13. Like the study of the universe, life science has been advancing in ________.
A. study approaches B. system management
C. research facilities D. technology integration
14. We can infer from Paragraph 4 that biologists’ work is ________.
A. practical B. risky C. flexible D. popular
15. As for life science, which would the author agree with?
A. It has received universal recognition. B. It should enjoy priority in development.
C. It can be applied in the majority of areas. D. It is more complicated than space science.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述生命科学像宇宙一样复杂，随着生命科学工具的迅速改进，科学家们就能够更深入地研究生命的组成部分并且取得很大的成就，并且作者认为应优先发展生命科学。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Decades ago, astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said, “The universe is also within is. We’re made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself. ” He was commenting then on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space. (几十年前，天体物理学家卡尔·萨根说过一句名言：“宇宙也在身体之内。”我们是由恒星组成的。我们是宇宙认识自己的一种方式。他当时的评论是，我们的内部宇宙和外太空一样复杂、一样奇妙。)”可知他提出我们的身体像宇宙一样复杂和奇妙，这是一个想法，故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Like the technological developments that took us from Galileo’s telescope to the Hubble to the JWST, life science tools have also improved rapidly. From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones, these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biology’s infinitesimal (无限小的) landscape. (就像从伽利略望远镜到哈勃望远镜再到JWST的技术发展一样，生命科学工具也在迅速改进。从早期的光学显微镜到现代的超分辨率显微镜，这些发展使研究人员能够深入观察生物学的微小景观。)”可知就像对宇宙的研究一样，生命科学的研究设施也在不断发展，故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges. Being able to image a virus or bacterium is nice at the level of basic science. But knowing how viruses gain entry into cells and spread, infect, and disable can literally save lives. Through time, biology has risen to this mechanistic challenge. Not only can life science tools produce images of cell components, even more importantly, they can help predict the effects of drugs on receptors, of immune cells on foreign invaders (入侵者), and of genetic perturbations (基因干扰) on development and aging. (生物学家还必须描述所有这些部分在不同环境和面临各种挑战时是如何相互作用和变化的。能够对病毒或细菌进行成像在基础科学层面上是很好的。但了解病毒如何进入细胞并传播、感染和致残确实可以挽救生命。随着时间的推移，生物学已经上升到这个机械的挑战。生命科学工具不仅可以生成细胞成分的图像，更重要的是，它们可以帮助预测药物对受体的影响，免疫细胞对外来入侵者的影响，以及基因扰动对发育和衰老的影响。)”可推测生物学家的工作是很实用的，故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“My aim is to celebrate these accomplishments while at the same time recognizing that science’s inward search for detail and insight is equally impressive and, in my view, more urgent. (我的目的是庆祝这些成就，同时认识到科学对细节和洞察力的内在探索同样令人印象深刻，在我看来，更加紧迫。)”可知作者认为生命科学要优先发展，故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文。从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why Boundaries at Work Are Essential
What is a boundary, you ask? A boundary is a limit defining you in relation to someone or something. ____16____ If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.
Letting co-workers know you are not comfortable shaking their hands or hugging them at a holiday party, especially with Covid at this time, is another example of setting a physical boundary. It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler (更微妙的). ____17____
Emotional boundaries are related to our feelings and how something or someone’s behavior affects us. For example, if a boss treats you disrespectfully by yelling at you or a colleague frequently interrupts you in meetings, you are likely to feel hurt, embarrassed, and perhaps angry. Understandably, by having a courageous conversation with both your boss and co-worker about their behavior, the impact it has on you, and your expectations regarding future behavior, you are setting healthy emotional boundaries for yourself at work.
Sometimes we set a boundary that is a combination of both a physical and emotional one. ____18____ One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday. Often, the above workplace demands lead to increased stress and a high potential for burnout (倦怠) over time.
Mental boundaries are related to our beliefs, values, cultural norms, ethics (道德), and standards. For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent with this. ____19____ Over time, this may lead to significant stress and physical symptoms within.
____20____ Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards. Learning the skill of boundary setting helps empower us to prioritize our values and well-being and better manage our stress. Identifying, setting, and maintaining boundaries are skills — valuable skills that, unfortunately, we are often not taught in school or the workplace.
A. Why are boundaries important?
B. However, they are equally, if not more, important.
C. Therefore, we need to tell the difference between them.
D. Setting a boundary in the above example may be quite helpful.
E. Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible.
F. Your values and ethical standards don’t match with your company’s, which likely will lead to internal conflict.
G. Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time.
【答案】16. E 17. B 18. G 19. F 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了为什么工作中的界限至关重要。
【16题详解】
根据下文“If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.(如果你告诉别人这是你的办公室，你的桌子，或你的椅子，你已经试图设置物理边界)”可知，此处在讲述界限的类型。由此可知，E. Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible.(界限可以是身体上的、精神上的、情感上的、有形的或无形的)能够衔接下文，符合此处语境。故选E。
【17题详解】
根据上文“It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler (更微妙的).(物理边界通常更容易理解。情感或精神界限可能更加微妙)”可知，此处在对比物理边界和情感或精神界限。由此可知，B. However, they are equally, if not more, important.(然而，它们即使不是更重要，也同样重要)能够承接上文，其中they指代上文中的“物理边界和情感或精神界限”，符合此处语境。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据下文“One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday.(其中一个例子就是反复被要求在工作日/周末或假期加班。另一个例子是，我们被要求看太多的客户或病人，以至于我们在一天结束时感到疲惫，到周五就筋疲力尽了)”可知，此处讲述的是我们会被要求做一些超出我们感觉能力范围的事情。由此可知，G. Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time.(这种界限经常包括在很长一段时间内被要求做一些超出我们感觉能力范围的事情)能够衔接下文，符合此处语境。故选G。
【19题详解】
根据上文“For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent with this.(例如，你看重一种尊重员工和客户、行为合乎道德的职场文化。六个月后，你意识到公司领导的行为一再与此不一致)”及常识可知，当个人价值观和道德标准与公司不一致时，可能会导致内部冲突。由此可知，F. Your values and ethical standards don’t match with your company’s, which likely will lead to internal conflict.(你的价值观和道德标准与公司不一致，这可能会导致内部冲突)能够承接上文，符合此处语境。故选F。
【20题详解】
根据下文“Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards.(边界有很多功能。它们有助于保护我们，明确我们的责任，保持我们的身体和情感能量，并实现我们的价值观和标准)”可知，本段主要介绍的是边界对我们很重要。由此可知，A. Why are boundaries important? (为什么界限很重要？)能够统领本段，符合此处语境。故选A。
第三部分 语言应用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
In Bothell, Washington. First, somebody showed up with balloons. Then a ____21____. Then a big Happy Birthday banner (条幅) ____22____ next to the Beca’s Coffee stand. And people just kept showing up. It was a party — just as Beca had imagined for her friend Jack. May 10 was his birthday, and she wanted to ____23____ him.
Jack, 32, born with developmental disabilities, loves people. Beca, 30, thought he was wonderful. So she ____24____ an arrangement: If he showed up every day for an hour and chatted with the customers at her drive-through window, she’d give him a free drink. Pretty soon, an hour turned into the whole day. Beca gave him a(n) ____25____. “It’s____26____,” Jack told KOMO News. “I love chatting with people here, and she pays me a lot of money!”
____27____, not everybody appreciated Jack’s enthusiasm. “One customer was extremely ____28____,” she says. ____29____ this, she posted Jack’s story on a community blog and also mentioned his approaching birthday. Without any planning, _____30_____ showed up to celebrate his birthday, and he _____31_____ everyone with a hug.
Inspired by the spontaneous (自发的) good spirit, Beca suggested Bothell _____32_____ every May 10 as Cup of Kindness Day. The city agreed. On the first Cup of Kindness Day, Beca _____33_____ her shop and delivered cookies to police officers, _____34_____, teachers and others “who serve other people”.
If you want a cup of coffee in Bothell, just head over to Beca’s. You know your drink will come with something extra-special: _____35_____.
21. A. cake B. card C. phone D. gift
22. A. expanded B. displayed C. produced D. stretched
23. A. force B. define C. surprise D. teach
24. A. delayed B. suggested C. cancelled D. exchanged
25. A. break B. idea C. career D. raise
26. A. normal B. demanding C. wonderful D. embarrassing
27. A. Consequently B. However C. Instead D. Finally
28. A. disrespectful B. dishonest C. dishonorable D. disabled
29. A. Upset about B. Fond of C. Related to D. Skeptical about
30. A. citizens B. colleagues C. strangers D. neighbors
31. A. met B. driven C. greeted D. addressed
32. A. regard B. establish C. treat D. use
33. A. recommended B. donated C. shared D. left
34. A. shoppers B. drivers C. firefighters D. walkers
35. A. respect B. kindness C. love D. calmness
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了咖啡摊老板贝卡帮助有发展障碍的杰克，让他陪着顾客聊天，并支付工资。当贝卡分享杰克的故事后，社区的邻居们为杰克过生日，给他惊喜。在贝卡的提议下，当地市政府将杰克的生日这天设立为“善意杯日”。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后是蛋糕。A. cake蛋糕；B. card卡片；C. phone电话；D. gift礼物。根据下文“Then a big Happy Birthday banner”可知，这是个生日聚会的场景，应该会有一个生日蛋糕。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，一个大大的生日快乐横幅在贝卡咖啡摊旁边展开来。A. expanded扩大；B. displayed展示；C. produced产生；D. stretched延展。根据上文“Then a big Happy Birthday banner”可知，此处指生日快乐的横幅展开来，stretched“延展”符合语境。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：5月10日是他的生日，她想给他一个惊喜。A. force强迫；B. define定义；C. surprise使惊喜;；D. teach教。根据上文“May 10 was his birthday”可知，这天是杰克的生日，贝卡应该是想给杰克惊喜。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以她提议了一个安排：如果他每天在她的免下车购物窗口出现一个小时，和顾客聊天，她就给他一杯免费的饮料。A. delayed推迟；B. suggested提议；C. cancelled取消；D. exchanged交换。根据下文“If he showed up every day for an hour and chatted with the customers at her drive-through window, she’d give him a free drink”可推知，贝卡应该是向杰克提议了一个安排，如果杰克每天和她的顾客聊天一小时，她就送他一杯免费的饮料。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：贝卡给他加薪了。A. break休息；B. idea想法；C. career事业；D. raise加薪。根据下文“I love chatting with people here, and she pays me a lot of money!”可知，贝卡付给了杰克很多钱，所以应该是给他加薪了。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很棒。A. normal正常的；B. demanding苛刻的；C. wonderful极好的；D. embarrassing尴尬的。根据下文“I love chatting with people here”可知，杰克很喜欢与客人聊天这件事，所以应该是觉得非常棒。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，并不是每个人都欣赏杰克的热情。A. Consequently结果；B. However然而；C. Instead相反；D. Finally最后。根据下文“not everybody appreciated Jack’s enthusiasm”可知，并非所有人都欣赏杰克的热情，此处和上文杰克的开心形成了转折，应用However“然而”。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一位顾客非常无礼。A. disrespectful无礼的；B. dishonest不诚实的；C. dishonorable不光彩的；D. disabled残废的。根据上文“not everybody appreciated Jack’s enthusiasm”可知，并非所有人都欣赏杰克的热情，所以一位顾客应该是非常无礼。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：对此，她很难过，她在社区博客上发布了杰克的故事，还提到了他即将到来的生日。A. Upset about为……难过；B. Fond of喜欢；C. Related to与……有关；D. Skeptical about怀疑。根据上文“not everybody appreciated Jack’s enthusiasm”可知，并非所有人都欣赏杰克的热情，所以贝卡应该会对此感到难过。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有任何计划，邻居们都来为他庆祝生日，他和每个人都拥抱打招呼。A. citizens公民；B. colleagues同事；C. strangers陌生人；D. neighbors邻居。根据上文“she posted Jack’s story on a community blog”可知，贝卡在社区博客上分享了杰克的故事，所以出现的应该是社区的邻居们。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有任何计划，邻居们都来为他庆祝生日，他和每个人都拥抱打招呼。A. met遇到；B. driven驱赶；C. greeted打招呼；D. addressed致辞。根据下文“with a hug”可推知，杰克应该是用拥抱的方式和邻居们打招呼。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：受到自发的善良精神的启发，贝卡建议博塞尔将每年的5月10日定为“善意杯日”。A. regard认为；B. establish建立；C. treat对待；D. use使用。根据下文“every May 10 as Cup of Kindness Day”可推知，贝卡应该是建议博塞尔市政府将杰克的生日这一天设立为“善意杯日”。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在第一个“善意杯日”，贝卡离开了她的店，给警察、消防员、老师和其他“为他人服务的人”送去了饼干。A. recommended推荐；B. donated捐赠；C. shared共享；D. left离开。根据下文“delivered cookies to police officers, ____14____, teachers and others “who serve other people””可知，贝卡会给这些服务他人的人送饼干，所以应该是离开自己的店。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在第一个“善意杯日”，贝卡离开了她的店，给警察、消防员、老师和其他“为他人服务的人”送去了饼干。A. shoppers购物者；B. drivers司机；C. firefighters消防员；D. walkers步行者。根据下文“who serve other people”可知，贝卡是给这些服务他人的人送饼干，所以应该包括消防员。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你知道你的饮料会带来一些特别的东西：善意。A. respect尊重；B. kindness善良；C. love爱；D. calmness冷静。结合上文贝卡帮助杰克，社区的邻居们为杰克过生日，以及“Cup of Kindness Day”可知，文章主要体现的是善意这一主题，所以kindness“善良”符合语境。故选B。
第二节：语法填空(共10题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese opera ____36____(date) back to the Tang Dynasty, is one of the three oldest dramatic art forms in the world. During the Qing Dynasty, it became ____37____(fashion) among ordinary people. ____38____(perform) were watched in tearooms, restaurants and even around makeshift stages.
____39____(accompany) by traditional musical instruments like the Erhu, the Huqin and the flute, actors present unique melodies as well as dialogues which are ____40____(beautiful) written. What appeals ____41____ foreigners most may be the different styles of facial make-up which requires special techniques of painting. This technique may have originated from ancient religions and dance. Besides, people ____42____(impress) with another technique, the acrobatics (杂技). Actors can make fire out of their mouths when they act as ghosts. This reflects ____43____ famous saying among actors: “One minute on stage takes ten years of practice.” Over the past 800 years, Chinese opera ____44____(grow) into many different regional varieties based on local accents. Today, there are over 100 impressive regional opera styles, among _____45_____ is Beijing opera, the best-known Chinese opera style formed from the mixture of different styles.
【答案】36. dating
37. fashionable
38. Performances
39. Accompanied
40. beautifully
41. to 42. are impressed
43. a 44. has grown
45. which
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国戏剧的历史、表演形式、特色和种类。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国戏剧的历史可以追溯到唐代，是世界上最古老的三大戏剧艺术之一。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语动词，作句子的伴随状语，逻辑主语Chinese opera和date之间是主谓关系，应用date的现在分词形式dating。故填dating。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在清朝，它在普通百姓中流行起来。分析句子可知，空处作句子的表语，应用fashion的形容词形式fashionable，意为“流行的”。故填fashionable。
【38题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：人们在茶室、餐馆甚至临时搭建的舞台周围观看表演。分析句子可知，空处作句子的主语，是watched的对象，应用perform的名词形式performance，意为“表演”，空后有were，performance应用复数形式，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Performances。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在传统乐器如二胡、胡琴和长笛的伴奏下，演员们呈现出独特的曲子和优美的对白。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语动词，作句子的伴随状语，accompany和逻辑主语actors之间是动宾关系，应用accompany的过去分词形式accompanied，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Accompanied。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：在传统乐器如二胡、胡琴和长笛的伴奏下，演员们呈现出独特的曲子和优美的对白。分析句子可知，空处修饰从句中的表语written，作状语，应用beautiful的副词形式beautifully，意为“优美地”。故填beautifully。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：最吸引外国人的可能是不同风格的面部化妆，这需要特殊的绘画技巧。根据“appeals”可知，此处用固定短语appeal to，意为“吸引”，空处应用介词to。故填to。
【42题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：此外，人们对另一种技艺——杂技也印象深刻。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，句子描述的一般性的事实，应用一般现在时，且主语people和impress之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are impressed。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这反映了演员之间的一句名言：“台上一分钟，台下十年功。”分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一个，一句”，应用不定冠词，且famous以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的800年里，中国戏剧根据地方口音发展成许多不同的地方戏剧。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为Over the past 800 years，句子应用现在完成时，且主语Chinese opera为单数，助动词用has。故填has grown。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：今天，有100多种令人印象深刻的地方戏剧风格，其中最著名的是京剧，它是由不同风格混合而成的。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词regional opera styles，先行词为物，从句中among缺少宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
第四部分：写作(共2节，满分40分)
第一节：应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，近期你校开展了以“远离白色污染，拥抱绿色生活”为主题的环保周，你作为志愿者参与了这次活动。请给你的英国朋友Lucas写一封信，内容包括：
1.活动背景及经过；
2.活动的心得体会。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Lucas,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Lucas,
How is it going?
Recently, a campaign whose topic is “Stay Away from White Pollution, Embrace Green Life” was carried out in our school to battle white pollution and develop a green community. As you know, white pollution negatively impacts the natural environment and the well-being of both animals and humans. Firstly, we cleaned up plastic waste at and around the campus. What’s more, we called on residents to use recyclable items instead of plastic bags and provide them with free cotton bags.
I really appreciate this experience as it raised my awareness of white pollution. I’d avoid using disposable plastics and prompt others to do the same.
Have you ever participate in similar events? Please write and tell me.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Lucas写一封信，介绍你们学校环保周的活动背景及经过，及你的心得体会。
【详解】1.词汇积累
最近怎么样？How is it going?→How are you doing?
首先：firstly→first of all
此外：what’s more→besides
参加：participate in→take part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：As you know, white pollution negatively impacts the natural environment and the well-being of both animals and humans.
拓展句：As you know, white pollution is harmful, which negatively impacts the natural environment and the well-being of both animals and humans.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Recently, a campaign whose topic is “Stay Away from White Pollution, Embrace Green Life” was carried out in our school to battle white pollution and develop a green community.（运用了whose引导的限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]I really appreciate this experience as it raised my awareness of white pollution.（运用了as引导的原因状语从句）
第二节：读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A 92-year-old hunter getting lost in the woods
Bill McDonnell was going hunting. Deer season had begun, but it was colder than usual. Up until his late 80s, Bill hadn’t minded hunting in sub-zero temperatures, but he had slowed in the past few years. The snow-dusted mountains of the Shenandoah Valley were no place for a 92-year-old. He knew it. But he had made up his mind to get outside. His wife, Joanna McDonnell, knew what he was up to. But this particular day, Joanna didn’t even try to talk sense into her husband.
The next morning, Bill woke up at four, grabbed his gun, and drove his Jeep toward Shenandoah Mountain, a place where he hadn’t hunted for a long time. At the end of the old Laurel Run logging road, he hit the trail on foot.
It was about 7:30 a.m. when the sun peeked (微微露出) through the trees. Bill had strict instructions from Joanna to be out of the woods by 2 p.m. and home by 3 p.m. — plenty of time before sunset, in case he missed the deadline, which he often did. Not long into the hike, he came upon a path he didn’t remember. Maybe this was a secret route. He took it.
Then, around 11 a.m., he emerged (出现) into a clearing along a valley. It seemed that his path up the mountain had meandered( 蜿蜒) quite a bit. When thoughts of short-cuts came to mind, Bill couldn’t help himself. “I’ll just be extra careful,” he reasoned, and began cutting his own path. Before long, the canyon (峡谷) narrowed to a dead end. The next thing he knew was that he was lost.
He pulled out his phone, only to find it had died. He dug into his pants for the GPS device he always brought in case of emergency and pushed the “on” button. Nothing. He had forgotten to charge it. He hadn’t brought a flashlight either. During this period, he could hear the sound of a helicopter flying over his head. He yelled and waved, but in vain. He couldn’t make himself heard.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
It was about 9:45 p.m. and the sound of the helicopter gradually disappeared in the distance.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The next morning, Bill had woken before dawn.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
It was about 9:45 p.m. and the sound of the helicopter gradually disappeared in the distance. Bill guessed they wouldn’t be back until morning. He tried to go to bed but couldn’t quiet his head. He lost sleep because he’d taken one too many short-cuts. And Joanna — his old lady was probably terrified. He wanted so badly to get up and walk through the darkness, but he knew he’d only end up in more trouble. At the same time, after the helicopter returned empty-handed, the rescue team called off the aerial search until the first light. But shortly after midnight, the county’s office gave a call to them, offering to send out its search-and-rescue drone in the early morning.
Paragraph 2:
The next morning, Bill had woken before dawn. He went back to replaying his wrong turns and imagining his wife’s despair. Just after 7 a.m. the sky lightened and the thicket around him began to reappear. After about 15 minutes, Bill came to a spot where he could more clearly see the landscape around him. In the camera of the drone, a neon-orange dot was moving beneath the line of trees. The operator zoomed his camera in and saw that the orange dot was the hunter’s cap. “I think we have him!” he shouted. The old man was finally saved by the police drone, and the family was grateful. Bill agreed to swear he wouldn’t go out hunting or hiking alone again.
【解析】
【导语】本文以事件为线索展开，文章讲述了一位92岁的老人去山里探险打猎，因为走了不熟悉的路线，抄了很多捷径，结果他迷路了。因为手机没电、GPS设备忘记充电，而且没有带手电筒，这位老人没能成功向搜救的直升机呼救。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“大约是晚上9点45分，直升机的声音逐渐消失在远处。”可知，第一段可描写比尔因为搜救人员离开感到担心，难以入睡，另一边搜救人员开始了新的计划。
②由第二段首句内容“第二天早上，比尔天还没亮就醒了。”可知，第二段可描写比尔开始找路，同时担心妻子会很不安，在行进的过程中他被无人机发现，最终获救，事后向家人承诺不再独自进山徒步打猎。
2.续写线索：直升机消失——比尔充满担心——搜救人员开始新计划——比尔醒来——比尔采取行动——比尔获救
3.词汇激活
行为类
①估计：guess/estimate/speculate/predict
②使平静：quiet/calm/still
③返回：return/go back/come back
④取消：call off/cancel
情绪类
①非常害怕的：terrified/afraid/fearful/frightened
②绝望：despair/desperation/depression
③感激的：grateful/thankful/appreciative
【点睛】[高分句型1]. But shortly after midnight, the county’s office gave a call to them, offering to send out its search-and-rescue drone in the early morning.（现在分词短语offering…作状语）
[高分句型2]. After about 15 minutes, Bill came to a spot where he could more clearly see the landscape around him.（where引导定语从句修饰先行词spot）