2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习专题四语法填空先题点再题型第二讲名形副三管齐下巧化词形转换

这是一份2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习专题四语法填空先题点再题型第二讲名形副三管齐下巧化词形转换，共21页。
第二讲　名、形、副　三管齐下　巧化词形转换词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时，一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非谓语，形容词作表语、定语，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；二要根据标志词及语境确定比较级；三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。如何判断是否考查词形转换典例印证【典例】　[2022·全国甲卷]Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 65.________ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 66.________ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1，000 plastic bottles along the 40­day journey.第一步：确定是否考查词形转换　65题提示词为动词，作宾语，故确定填名词；66题提示词为名词，由even more可确定此处应该考虑形容词词形转换。第二步：确定转换形式　65题environmental为形容词，形容词修饰名词，因此该空应填protect的名词形式；66题结合句意“这将使他的徒步旅行更有意义”可知，空处应用形容词。自主解答：________解题攻略*第一步：确定是否考查词形转换提示词为形容词、副词、名词或代词时，首先要考虑词形转换；提示词为动词，且该动词在句中既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则要考虑动词词形转换。*第二步：确定转换形式根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析，最终确定正确的词形转换形式，确保名词单复数形式正确，副词、形容词形式转换正确。技法1　明确提示词为动词的2种词形转换提示词为动词，如果既不是谓语动词，也不是非谓语动词，则考虑动词词形转换，将动词转换为名词或形容词，根据句式结构以及空格所缺成分进一步分析。典题试做1.[2022·河北省部分名校3月联考]The study also shows that homework is ________ (use) because it helps the teachers know what their students are struggling with.2.[2022·福建省4月诊断]This morning, a ________ (cheer) lion dance troupe (剧团) drove slowly past my local wet market.3.[2022·广州市综合测试一]But the most ________ (value) experience of all was discovering a new sense of independence, she said.4.They have developed an ________ (advance) system that can grow plants anywhere, even in space.5.[2022·沈阳二中二模]Some American scholars thought China could hardly realize food­sufficiency because of the ________ (limit) water resources, decrease of agricultural land due to industrial expansion and the fast population growth.6.[2021·全国乙卷]It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ________ (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ________ (develop) of the local areas.7.[2022·山东省滨州市二模]In the end, a Mediterranean diet is part of the factors contributing to our physical health, but it takes ________ (commit) to make them happen.8.[2022·沈阳市质量监测三]The success of China's Shenzhou­13 mission represents a major victory in the country's plan to explore space, said experts from different countries, calling for closer international ________ (cooperate) in science and technology with China.9.[2022·连云港市考前模拟一]We don't have enough resources allocated to our educational sector and the little ________ (allocate) to the sector is not well managed.10.[2022·武汉市五月模拟一]Meanwhile, a big tourism company said its rural tourism business has shown significant potential for future ________ (grow) in the recent three years.11.[2022·茂名市五校联盟第三次联考]After experiencing her older sister's ________ (die) and her parents' divorce, she is determined to stay alive for the sake of her broken family.12.[2022·河北省模拟演练三]She provided medical ________ (equip), clean water and fruits. With this work the death rate decreased to 2.2%.13.[2022·陕西西安中学模拟]After the girls met, they ended up striking up a ________ (friend) and remained friend, they told their story together on a podcast in 2009.快捷思维1.如何判断填形容词①作定语，修饰名词或复合不定代词。②作表语，表主语的性质或状态。③作主语补足语，补充说明主语或作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语。④作状语，说明主语的状态或心理感受。2.动词转换为形容词的构词法①v.＋­able转换为形容词accept→acceptable可接受的adapt→adaptable能适应的adjust→adjustable可调节的afford→affordable负担得起的②v.＋­ed/­ing转换为形容词confuse→confused感到困惑的worry→worried担心的excite→exciting令人激动的；令人兴奋的③v.＋词缀­ive转换为形容词impress→impressive给人深刻印象的instruct→instructive有教育意义的④v.＋词缀­ful/­less转换为形容词doubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful健忘的thank→thankful感激的hope→hopeless不抱希望的1.如何判断填名词①作表语，表明主语是“什么”， 说明主语的身份、特征。②作主语、同位语或及物动词(短语)或介词(短语)的宾语。③作定语说明被修饰词的材料、功能、时间、地点、内容、类别时，如adult education。2.动词转换为名词的构词法①v.＋­ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果”develop→development发展announce→announcement宣布argue→argument争论，论据②v.＋­r/­er/­or转换为名词，表示“人”perform→performer表演者settle→settler移民者educate→educator教育家direct→director导演visit→visitor访问者③v.＋ure结尾的名词fail→failure; mix→mixture;press→pressure; depart→departure④后缀­th结尾的名词grow→growth; die→death⑤后缀­ance/­ence结尾的名词exist→existence; guide→guidance⑥后缀­al结尾的名词arrive→arrival; approve→approval; survive→survival 技法2　提示词为名词的词形转换典题试做1.[2022·保定市3月联考]China's online literature has grown in popularity over the last two ________ (decade)．2.[2022·厦门市第四次质量检测]In addition to books, many libraries also offer digital ________ (copy) of books, audiobooks, movies, and more through Internet platforms.3.[2022·鞍山市第二次质量监测]About 3，000 people from all walks of life participated in the 140­minute opening ceremony, more than 90 percent of the ________ (student) between the ages of 5 and 25.4.[2022·山东省淄博市二模]Many legends and stories lie behind its red walls and under the golden ________ (roof)．5.The review by Germany's Alfred Wegener Institute examined almost 2，600 research ________ (paper) on the topic to provide an overview ahead of a United Nations meeting later this month.6.[2022·九江市第二次模拟]A number of Olympic high ________ (technology) have been applied for the first time in Beijing to ensure its goal of carbon neutrality.7.[2022·重庆市名校联盟第一次联考]The project was completed so quickly because the workers had been arranged into seven units to undertake different ________ (task) at the same time.8.[2022·济宁市高考模拟]Hopefully, the cute, witty, hi­tech Bing Dwen Dwen can become a classic and countless lasting ________ (memory) will stick in Olympic history.9.[2022·辽宁省协作体高三第一次模拟]“Making coins was one of the greatest financial ________ (activity) in human history，” said researchers, adding that it allowed wealth to be traded easily.10.[2022·鞍山市第二次质量监测]There were no stars, no celebrities or ________ (profession) performers, we wanted to present a modern China and the lives of ordinary Chinese people.11.[2022·南京市、盐城市二模]“A girl always dreams of a five­star marriage, but COVID­19 has made us more ________ (practice)，” says Bayan Zahran, a lawyer in Jeddah.12.[2022·苏锡常镇四市调研一]Since many of the ________ (origin) features of the garden have been preserved, the garden has a high historical and artistic value.13.[2022·郴州市第一次监测]A lot of problems are associated with overusing our digital devices, from eye health and issues of mental health to addiction and ________ (education) difficulties.14.[2022·南通市第三次调研]It was a good opportunity for me to experience the ________ (nation) diverse customs and traditions.15.[2022·湖南师大附中模拟二]Unlike older generations who might favor Western culture and brands, Chinese youth were born and raised when the ________ (country) economy was taking off, so they tend to have strong confidence in their national identity and culture.16.[2022·华中师大一附中考前测试]Compared with the class nine years ago, this ________ (year) lecture was greatly different.快捷思维1.名词的单复数若提示词名词有以下情况时要考虑名词的复数：①有数词或these, those, several, few, many, all, both, various, different等词修饰时用名词的复数形式；②名词前有one of时用名词的复数形式；③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应填名词的复数形式。2.名词变复数规则①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s；如果是以ch, sh, s, x等结尾的单词，则一般加es；trees, bikes, books, buses, watches, boxes, bushes②辅音字母＋y结尾的单词，变y为i再加es；但元音字母＋y结尾的单词，则直接加s；babies, families, boys, plays③以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro, hero)、两菜(tomato, potato)加es外，其余一般加s；radios, photos④以f或fe结尾的单词，通常把f, fe变为v再加es；wives, knives, wolves⑤特殊变化： man→men, woman→women; tooth→teeth, foot→feet; child→children; mouse→mice⑥单复数同形： Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish3.名词转换为形容词提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词时，则一般考查名词变形容词。注意名词变形容词的后缀：①n.＋­able：honor→honorable　可敬的②n.＋­al：nature→natural    自然的；天生的music→musical    音乐的；悦耳的③n.＋­ful：colour→colourful    颜色鲜艳的meaning→meaningful    有意义的；重要的④n.＋­en: wood→wooden    木质的⑤n.＋­y: wealth→wealthy    富有的4.名词的所有格提示词与其后的名词是所属关系，应考虑名词的所有格。①单数名词和不以­s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加­'s；②以­s或­es结尾的复数名词，通常在词尾加'。 技法3　提示词为形容词、副词的词形转换典题试做1.[2022·江苏省泰州市第四次调研]________ (initial), Shi met with the challenge of lacking funds.2.[2022·淄博市二模]Covering some 7，000 square meters and ________ (official) known as the Palace Museum, it was home to royal families of the Ming and Qing dynasties.3.[2022·山东省聊城市二模]The researchers, who published their findings in the November 2019 issue of Animal Welfare, found that only 819 participants were able to read the cats' emotions ________ (accurate) over 75 percent of the time.4.[2022·辽宁高三3月联考]These days, doctors are using a new approach to healing, which is called tapping. This approach combines ________ (wise) from Chinese medicine with talk therapy (治疗)．5.[2022·山东省高三5月大联考]“My parents think that it is an honor for me to be a part of the Beijing 2022 and they ________ (true) take pride in me，” Yao said.6.[2022·连云港市高三第二次调研]This is especially true in countries where traditional medicines are ________ (wide) used.7.[2022·抚顺市普通高三模拟]China has expressed an ambition to land people on the moon and ________ (possible) build a scientific base there.8.[2022·泉州市质量监测二]________ (similar), instead of learning knowledge inside the classroom, students should be encouraged to take adventure outside and visit places where they can witness the development of their hometown.9.[2022·江苏省连云港市模拟二]The Svalbard Global Seed Vault, which preserves almost one million seed samples, has one of the ________ (large) collections.10.[2022·威海市高考模拟]As the benefits of space exploration and innovation become ________ (well) known, increasingly more countries and non­governmental entities are interested in engaging in exploration and innovation.11.[2022·辽宁省辽南协作校三模]All in all, challenging yourself can make you ________ (brave) and adapt to society better.12.[2022·大连二模]But Japan, who lacked its own mineral resources, took the theme of a sustainable (可持续的) future ________ (seriously) than others.13.[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ________ (hot) the spring！快捷思维1.形容词、副词的词形转换①分析句子结构发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时，应考虑用派生的副词或名词；②若空处作定语、表语则应考虑填形容词形式；③若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应考虑填副词形式；④若空处在介词后，应考虑名词作宾语。2.形容词变副词规律(1)以­e结尾的形容词一般不去e，直接加­ly: immediate→immediately, brave→bravely。(2)一些以­e结尾的形容词去e加­(l)y: true→truly, simple→simply, gentle→gently, possible→possibly。(3)“辅音字母＋­y”结尾，改y为i，再加­ly: happy→happily, easy→easily。(4)以­ic结尾的形容词加­ally: economic→economically, basic→basically。3.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级(1)利用标志词确定比较等级①题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇修饰时用比较级；②设空后有表示范围的标志词in, of, among等时用最高级；③设空前有one of the等修饰词时，用最高级。(2)利用固定句型“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较，也需要用比较级或最高级。 
技法4　提示词为代词的词形转换典题试做1.[2022·泰安市高考全真模拟]At the waterside or on the mountains, the seniors find ________ (they) in harmony with nature.2.[2022·聊城市二模]Now, researchers from Canada's University of Guelph insist that cats also express emotions on their faces—one just has to learn how to interpret ________ (they)！3.[2022·辽宁省模拟(一)]But now, for the first time in conservation history, ________ (they) numbers are on the increase.4.[2022·南通市高三考前练习卷]He has been learning traditional Chinese medicine since 2016. In the early stages, Wu always tasted some Chinese herbal medicine ________ (he)．5.[2022·保定市一模]Jiuzhaigou got ________ (it) name because there are nine Tibetan villages in the valley.6.[2022·湖南省名校联考模拟一]But at least 70% of stars in the universe are red dwarfs, the tiniest and coolest ________ (one) out there.快捷思维提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下设空处所填代词是否与前文提到的人或物有指代关系。①分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，应考虑人称代词的主格形式；②分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语，应考虑人称代词的宾格形式；③分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，应考虑形容词性物主代词；④分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反身代词。 一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词一览表二、牢记代词的句法功能1．作主语：人称代词主格(I, we, you, he等)。2．作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me, us, him, them, it等)、名词性物主代词(ours, mine, yours, its等)。3．作定语：形容词性物主代词(our, my, your, their等)。4．如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself, yourself, itself等)。5．填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。6．that, those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。
练重点练难点·创新应用体验Test 1[2022·南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟考试]Lockdown Love    The cost of a typical Saudi wedding is enough to prevent the most passionate lovers. Even a simple party involves renting an impressive ballroom. Then there are the cheerleaders and musicians. Men and women gather in separate halls,  1.________     (double) some of the prices. Altogether it might cost  $53，000.  Often, many of these marriages end in divorce. Those that don't  2.________  (burden)  with debt.  Therefore, many couples have welcomed these  3.________   (restrict)  that have come with COVID­19. In 2020 Saudi Arabia limited gatherings to 50 people or  4.________      (few). So couples could downsize their weddings  5.________  losing face. Some chose  6.________    (share) halls over ballrooms. Smaller crowds ate smaller cakes. All in all, a Saudi couple might have spent 90% less on their weddings.  Will low­cost weddings become the new norm? It's reported  7.________      few couples complained when the COVID­19 forced Saudi Arabia to place some limitations. Though the outbreak recedes (逐渐减弱),  some still express concern over the health of in­laws. “ A girl always dreams of a five­star marriage, but COVID­19 has made us more  8.________  (practice)，” says Bayan Zahran, a lawyer in Jeddah.  Some couples are opting for a simple party,  9.________    places little pressure on either side. They,  10.________ , must still deal with pressure from their family and peers.1．__________　2.__________　3.__________4．__________　5.__________　6.__________7．__________　8.__________　9.__________10．__________Test 2[2022·甘肃省第一次高考诊断考试]China's First National Park   China's first national park in Northwest China's Sanjiangyuan area,  1.________  (cover) a total area of 123，100 square kilometers, was officially established in 2020  2.________   schedule. The national park is the country's calling card, and unlike nature reserves,  3.________  protect unique species, national parks stress the protection of the entire ecosystem.  Under the national park's management, herders and  4.________   (farmer) would be turned into the forces of  5.________    (environment)  protection  in  the Sanjiangyuan area.  The work  6.________         (expect)  to provide jobs, boost incomes and give people an  7.________  (encourage) to protect the environment. The ecological environment of the Sanjiangyuan area has  greatly improved in recent years. The grassland coverage  of the area has risen sharply  8.________   (compare) with the last decade. The last decade also saw a significant increase in the number of wild animals, because in 2020 the number of Tibetan antelopes   9.________  (be)  over 70，000 from less than 20，000  in  10.________    1980s.1．__________　2.__________　3.__________4．__________　5.__________　6.__________7．__________　8.__________　9.__________10．__________
第二讲　名、形、副　三管齐下　巧化词形转换典例　答案：protection; meaningful命题专家授策略技法11．答案与解析：useful　考查形容词。句意：这项研究还表明，家庭作业是有用的，因为它可以帮助老师了解他们的学生面临的困难。根据本空前的系动词is可知，此处应该用形容词作表语。2．答案与解析：cheerful　考查形容词。句意：今天早上，一个热闹的舞狮团缓缓路过我当地的水产市场。此处缺少形容词修饰名词短语lion dance troupe，故填cheerful。3．答案与解析：valuable　考查形容词。句意：但她说，最宝贵的经验是发现一种新的独立意识。修饰名词应用形容词。4．答案与解析：advanced　考查形容词。句意：他们开发了一种先进的系统，可以在任何地方种植植物，甚至在太空中。名词system前用形容词修饰。5．答案与解析：limited　考查形容词。句意：美国有学者认为，由于水资源有限，工业扩张导致农业用地减少，人口快速增长，中国很难实现粮食自给。设空处前有定冠词the，后有名词短语，因此设空处应填形容词。6．答案与解析：educated; development　句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，第一空在系动词become后作表语，应用形容词，表“受过教育的；有教养的”，故填educated。第二空作谓语benefits的宾语，且空前是定冠词the，故此处填名词development。7．答案与解析：commitment　考查名词。take commitment to do sth.“承诺做某事”，故填commitment。8．答案与解析：cooperation　考查名词。句意：来自不同国家的专家表示，中国“神舟十三号”任务的成功代表了中国太空探索计划的重大胜利，呼吁与中国加强国际科技合作。根据前面的形容词international可知，此处需用抽象名词cooperation做介词for的宾语。9．答案与解析：allocation　考查名词。句意：我们没有足够的资源分配给我们的教育部门，分配给该部门的少量资源也没有得到很好的管理。结合语境，此处表示“分配给教育部门的资源没有得到很好的管理”，空处应用名词allocation，作and之后句子的主语。10．答案与解析：growth　考查名词。句意：与此同时，一家大型旅游公司表示，近三年来，其乡村旅游业已经显示出巨大的未来增长潜力。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要用名词，做介词for的宾语，故填growth。11．答案与解析：death　考查名词。句意：经历了姐姐的死和父母的离婚后，她决定为了破碎的家庭继续活下去。sister's后用名词，die的名词是death，由sister's可知，故填death。12．答案与解析：equipment　考查名词。句意：她提供了医疗设备，干净的水和水果。分析句子可知，空格处作动词provide的宾语，用名词形式， 故填equipment。13．答案与解析：friendship　语境表示姑娘们结下了友谊， 根据空前的不定冠词a, 空处应填名词单数， 表示“友谊”， 应用friendship。strike up a friendship “和某人建立友谊”。技法21．答案与解析：decades　考查名词的数。句意：在过去的二十年间，中国的网上文学研究变得流行。decade是可数名词，且空前有two，故应用复数，故填decades。2．答案与解析：copies　考查名词复数。句意：除了书籍，许多图书馆还通过互联网平台提供书籍、有声书、电影等的数字拷贝。一些图书馆甚至提供社区资源，比如烤盘！根据“of books”可知，此处是指许多数字拷贝， copy意为“拷贝”，为可数名词，应用复数形式。3．答案与解析：students　考查名词复数。根据句中“more than 90 percent”可知此处应用复数名词。故填students。4．答案与解析：roofs　考查名词的数。句意：在它的红墙后面和金色的屋顶下有许多传说和故事。roof为可数名词，此处表示数量大于一，应用复数形式。5．答案与解析：papers　考查名词复数。句意：德国阿尔弗雷德·魏格纳研究院审查了近2 600项研究论文以便在本月晚些时候的联合国会议之前提供一份概览。papers是“论文”之意。6．答案与解析：technologies　考查名词。句意：为了实现碳中和的目标，一些奥运高科技首次在北京得到应用。设空处在句中作主语，应用名词的形式，a number of许多，后应用名词的复数形式。7．答案与解析：tasks　考查名词复数。句意：这项工程之所以完成得如此之快，是因为工人们被安排到七个单位，同时承担不同的任务。结合different可知，此处不止一项任务，用名词task的复数形式。8．答案与解析：memories　考查名词的数。句意：希望可爱、诙谐、高科技的“冰墩墩”将成为奥运史上经典而又永恒的记忆。memory为可数名词，由countless修饰应用复数形式。9．答案与解析：activities　考查名词的数。句意：“制造硬币是人类历史上最伟大的金融活动之一，”研究人员说，并补充说，它让财富可以很容易地交易。activity为可数名词，此处为one of＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数形式。10．答案与解析：professional　考查形容词。句意：没有明星，没有名人，没有专业的演员，我们想展示一个现代的中国，和普通中国人的生活。形容词修饰名词作定语，结合空白后名词performers可知，此处用形容词。11．答案与解析：practical　考查形容词。句意：女孩总是梦想着五星级的婚姻，但新冠肺炎让我们更加实际。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处为make somebody＋形容词，形容词作宾补。12．答案与解析：original　考查形容词。句意：由于许多园林的原始特征被保留下来，该园林具有很高的历史和艺术价值。修饰名词features需用形容词作定语。13．答案与解析：educational　考查形容词。句意：许多问题都与过度使用电子设备有关，从眼睛健康、心理健康问题到成瘾教育困难。根据名词difficulties可知，此处要用形容词，作定语。14．答案与解析：nation's　考查名词所有格。句意：对我来说，这是一个很好的机会去体验这个国家多样化的习俗和传统。根据语境可知，句子表示“体验这个国家多样化的习俗和传统”，空格处表示“国家的”，故填nation's。15．答案与解析：country's　考查名词所有格。句意：中国年轻人出生和成长于中国经济腾飞之时，因此他们往往对自己的民族身份和文化有着强烈的信心。此处用名词所有格修饰后面的名词economy，故填country's。16．答案与解析：year's　考查名词。句意：与九年前的班级相比，今年的讲座有很大的不同。分析句子可知，名词year和名词lecture存在所属关系，应该用名词所有格，故填year's。技法31．答案与解析：Initially　考查副词。句意：起初，石遇到了资金短缺的挑战。分析句子可知，空格处应用副词，作状语，用来修饰整个句子。2．答案与解析：officially　考查副词。句意：它占地约7 000平方米，正式名称为故宫博物院，是明清两代皇室的家。修饰known应用副词officially，作状语。3．答案与解析：accurately　考查副词。句意：研究人员将他们的研究结果发表在2019年11月的《动物福利》杂志上，他们发现只有13%的人，即819名参与者，能够在75%以上的情况下准确读出猫的情绪。修饰谓语“were able to read”用副词。4．答案与解析：wisdom　考查名词。句意：这种方法结合了中医的智慧和谈话疗法。空格处用名词作宾语， wise的名词是wisdom，是不可数名词，意为“智慧”，故填wisdom。5．答案与解析：truly　考查副词。句意：“我的父母认为我能成为北京2022年奥运会的一部分是一种荣誉，他们真的为我感到骄傲，”姚说。动词短语take pride of应用副词来修饰，故填truly。6．答案与解析：widely　考查副词。句意：在广泛使用传统药物的国家尤其如此。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处用副词widely，表示“广泛地”，作状语，修饰used。7．答案与解析：possibly　考查副词。句意：中国已经表达了将人类送上月球并可能在那里建立一个科学基地的雄心。动词build前用副词修饰。8．答案与解析：Similarly　考查副词。句意：类似地，应该鼓励学生到外面去冒险，参观他们可以见证家乡发展的地方，而不是在教室里学习知识。分析句子结构可知，此处应使用副词位于句首，修饰整个句子作状语，注意大写，故填Similarly。9．答案与解析：largest　考查形容词最高级。句意：斯瓦尔巴特群岛全球种子库保存了近100万份种子样本，是世界上收藏最多的种子库之一。one of＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数，所以空处需用形容词最高级。10．答案与解析：better　考查副词比较级。句意：随着空间探索和创新的好处变得更加为人所知，越来越多的国家和非政府实体对从事探索和创新感兴趣。结合语意，空间探索和创新的好处更加为人所知，所以更多的国家和非政府组织对其感兴趣，所以空处应用副词的比较级形式。11．答案与解析：braver　考查形容词比较级。句意：总而言之，挑战自己会使你更勇敢，更好地适应社会。结合句意，分析句子结构，还有句尾“better”的提示，此处需要形容词的比较级，作宾语补足语，故填braver。12．答案与解析：more seriously　考查比较级。句意：但日本本身缺乏矿产资源，因此比其他国家更重视可持续未来的主题。根据后文than others可知，应用副词seriously的比较级形式，在前面加more。13．答案与解析：hotter　此处是固定结构“the ＋比较级， the＋比较级”，意为“越……，越……”，故填hotter。技法41．答案与解析：themselves　考查反身代词。句意：在水边或山上，老人发现自己与自然和谐相处。主语和宾语一致时，需用反身代词作宾语，they的宾语是themselves。2．答案与解析：them　考查代词。 句意：现在，加拿大圭尔夫大学的研究人员坚持认为，猫也会在脸上表达情感——人们只需学会如何解读它们就可以了！ 空白处作interpret的宾语，指代上文emotions应用them。3．答案与解析：their　考查物主代词。句意：但现在，在保护区历史上，它们的数量第一次在增加。numbers和they之间是所属关系，因此空格处用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词numbers，故填their。4．答案与解析：himself　考查反身代词。句意：在早期阶段，吴总是亲自尝试一些中草药。根据句意可知，在学习中医的早期，吴亲自尝试一些中草药，所以空处需要反身代词。5．答案与解析：its　考查形容词性物主代词。句意：九寨沟因山谷中有九个藏族村庄而得名。放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词作定语，故填its。6．答案与解析：ones　考查代词。句意：但宇宙中至少70%的恒星是红矮星，它们是宇宙中最小、温度最低的恒星。空处指代“70%的恒星中最小的和温度最低的那些”，需用复数形式ones表示泛指。练重点练难点　创新应用体验Test 1语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——节日和风俗——隔离期的婚礼【语篇解读】　文章主要讲述了传统而花费多的阿拉伯式婚礼让大部分新人望而却步。疫情期间的限制措施让他们简办婚礼而不丢失颜面。1．答案与解析：doubling　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应是非谓语动词作状语，前面的事情造成婚礼的部分价钱翻倍，此处表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词，故填doubling。2．答案与解析：are burdened　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，主语是Those, that don't是省略了的定语从句，修饰前面的Those；谓语动词burden和Those是被动关系；此处表示一般事实，应用一般现在时；Those为复数。故填are burdened。3．答案与解析：restrictions　考查词性转换。分析句子可知，these后面应该跟名词复数，故填restrictions。4．答案与解析：fewer　考查形容词的比较级。根据“limited gatherings to 50 people”可知，限制在50人或者更少，故填fewer。5．答案与解析：without　考查介词。此处表示新人简办婚礼而不至于丢了面子。根据语境，用介词without，故填without。6．答案与解析：shared　考查词性转换。分析句子并根据第一段中的“impressive ballrooms”及空后的“over ballrooms”可知，此处表示“选择共享大厅而不是舞厅”，故填形容词shared。7．答案与解析：that　考查主语从句。句型“It's reported that...”表示“据报道……”，It是形式主语，that引导主语从句，that在从句中仅起连接作用。故填that。8．答案与解析：practical　考查词性转换。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处是“make sb.＋形容词”结构，形容词作宾补，且此处用了比较级。故填practical。9．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，所填词引导非限制性定语从句，且指代前面的主句，定语从句中缺少主语，故填which。10．答案与解析：though/however　考查副词。前文说一些人选择简单的派对，后文说他们还得应对家人和同辈的压力，这里表示转折，空前后有逗号，可用副词though/however表示“然而”。故填though/however。Test 2语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——自然生态——三江源国家公园【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了中国第一个国家公园——三江源国家公园的建立、功能和现状。1．答案与解析：covering　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是was established，空处在句中作非谓语，cover与逻辑主语China's first national park之间为主谓关系，所以空处填covering。2．答案与解析：on　考查介词。此处考查固定表达on schedule，意为“按时，按时间表”，所以空处填on。3．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处形成了一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为nature reserves，关系词在从句中作主语，所以空处填which。4．答案与解析：farmers　考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处与名词herders并列，也应用所给词的复数形式，所以空处填farmers。5．答案与解析：environmental　考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，修饰后面的名词protection需要用形容词，所以空处填environmental。6．答案与解析：was expected　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。结合语境可知，时态为一般过去时；主语The work与expect之间为被动关系；主语为The work，谓语动词用单数形式。所以空处填was expected。7．答案与解析：encouragement　考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作动词give的直接宾语，需要用名词，且空前有an，名词需要用单数形式，所以空处填encouragement。8．答案与解析：compared　考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定表达compared with，意为“与……相比”，所以空处填compared。9．答案与解析：was　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处是主系表结构。结合时间状语in 2020可知，时态为一般过去时；主语the number of...表示“……的数量”，为单数概念，所以空处需要填was。10．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。此处考查固定表达in the  1980s，意为“在20世纪80年代”，所以空处填the。