2022-2023学年河南省周口市恒大高级中学高一下学期4月期中考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年河南省周口市恒大高级中学高一下学期4月期中考试英语试题含解析，共28页。试卷主要包含了请将答案正确填写在答题卡上等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年高一下学期4月期中考试
英语试题
考试时间：120分钟；满分：120分
注意事项：
1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息
2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上
第I卷（选择题）

第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、 B、C D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Hiking, a kind of interaction with nature, provides fantastic exercise, combining sightseeing and workouts into one. Here are some unforgettable hiking vacations that will lead you into the thick of your destination.
Larapinta Trail, Australia
Dying for a good hike through the outback(内陆)? Then head to Australia’ s Larapinta Trail, a 130-mile trip through the Northern Territory of the island continent. Almost the entire hike is desert. Perhaps the best way to end a long day in the hot Australian sun is to watch the pink-and-orange sunset, open a sleeping bag and look up. Repeat visitors to the Larapinta say this part of Australia offers some of the best stargazing in the world.
Inca Trail, Peru
Today, as part of an effort to minimize environmental impact, trail(线路) access is limited to 500 people per day, and most hikers participate as part of guided groups. And the most thoughtful thing is that the groups hire porters to carry the luggage, so hikers need only to worry about enjoying the scenery! Most of these organized trails include tent accommodations and surprisingly delicious three-course meals. Of course, they also include a final day at Machu Picchu, the “Lost City of the Incas”.
Cape Scott Trail, British Columbia
To call the five-day hike challenging would be the understatement of the century. The adventure begins gradually. From the trailhead at Cape Scott Provincial Park, the trail follows an old settler's road along a stream through a 4-mile stretch of wetland. With every step, the mud threatens to add to what surely has become a sizable boot collection. Because the rivers are so wide, visitors have to take the cable-car.
Via Ferrata, Italy
The trails themselves date to World War I, when Italian forces built them as a way to move soldiers from one section of the Alps to another. Today, with the war in the distant past, the routes provide the perfect venue for hikers looking for a day-long escape.
1．What attracts visitors most for Larapinta Trail?
A．Having the longest hike. B．Touring the continent.
C．Exploring in the desert. D．Watching the starry sky.
2．What makes Inca Trail sweet?
A．Free accommodations are provided. B．Hikers needn't take their luggage.
C．Hikers themselves serve as guides. D．The meals are specially cooked.
3．Which of the following trails might be risky for hikers?
A．Inca Trail. B．Larapinta Trail.
C．Cape Scott Trail. D．Via Ferrata.
B
Arouca Geopark in Portugal has announced that visitors are free to visit its record-setting bridge, the 516 Arouca Bridge. Though it’s quite high, it’s the length of the bridge that has set a record. It’s the world’s longest hanging bridge for walkers.
The bridge runs between two mountains in Arouca Geopark. The “516” in its name comes from the fact that it’s 516 meters. Until the 516 Arouca Bridge was completed, the longest hanging bridge for walkers was the 494-meter-long Charles Kuonen Bridge in Randa, Switzerland. To replace an older crossing that was damaged by falling rocks, it was opened to the public five years ago, as the website for what is now the world’s second longest hanging bridge says.
The 516 Arouca Bridge, started in May, 2018, is made mainly of metal. It cost $2.8 million and took two years to complete. However, it was not until one year later that the bridge was officially opened. It is a little scary to walk on. The sides and bottom of the bridge are built with a metal grid (网格) and it’s easy to see through it At its highest point, the bridge is 175 meters off the ground. Far, far below is the rushing Paiva River.
Arouca Geopark is famous for its beautiful natural scenery and the many outdoor activities. Arouca’s leader, Margarida Belém, says proudly, “There’s no other bridge like this one in the world.” All of the city leaders think the bridge can attract people from all over the world for a lot of different reasons. Some might come for the scenery. Others might come to see how the bridge was built. But perhaps most will come to enjoy the safe, but scary experience of walking across. Its website describes the walk as “the most exciting 516 meters of your life”.
4．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Arouca Geopark. B．The 516 Arouca Bridge.
C．The Charles Kuonen Bridge. D．The website for the bridge.
5．In which year was the 516 Arouca Bridge opened officially?
A．In 2018. B．In 2019. C．In 2020. D．In 2021.
6．What do the Arouca’s leaders expect of the 516 Arouca Bridge?
A．It can offer exciting experiences. B．It can make local tourism increase.
C．It can make walkers safer. D．It can be protected well by visitors.
7．What can be the best title for the text?
A．World’s Longest Hanging Bridge Is Opened
B．Two Hanging Bridges Have Been Finished
C．Countries Are Eager to Build Hanging Bridges
D．Hanging Bridges Are Beneficial to Leaders
C

Japanese fans who watched their national team be defeated by the Ivory Coast on Saturday showed it is possible to lose graciously (优雅地), when they stayed behind after the match to help clean up.
Despite seeing Japan's Blue Samurais lose 2-1 against the Ivory Coast' s national team at the Arena Perambuco in Recife, the Japanese audience armed with plastic bags searched their side of the stadium and gathered up dropped litter. While gathering waste after a sporting event is customary in Japan, the audience' s actions came as a shock to football fans from other countries.
This isn't the first time the Japanese have taken trash outside the stadium. The 1998 FIFA World Cup held in France was the first ever World Cup that Japan had qualified for. After their first group game against Argentina, the Japanese fans gave the world a lesson in politeness and respect by actually cleaning the football stadium seats. They picked up all the trash around them whether it was theirs or not. They then walked out and threw the trash in the garbage cans before leaving.
The all-around cleanliness of Japanese large cities comes as a culture shock to people coming from other big cities in the world. This tidiness is not due to millions of dollars spent on street cleaners and "Let's clean-up our city" campaigns. It's not due to effective public works or community service. It's due to one simple thing: They don't throw their rubbish on the floor. This unique and rare concept allows for both huge cities and the countryside to stay neat and tidy.
To reinforce this behavior, the common signs in Japan ask people to take their litter home with them. Then, to reinforce the sign, hey usually have no garbage cans in the parks. So when faced with the choice of throwing their garbage on the ground or keeping it with them, they keep it. They don’t need a “Don't Litter” or Keep Japan beautiful” sign. They have been doing it their whole lives and are used to taking their garbage with them.
8．The story in Paragraph 3 mainly shows that___________.
A．Japanese people are used to carrying their own trash
B．Japanese fans have a habit of cleaning up the stadium
C．Japanese fans often clean stadium seats before the game
D．the Japanese are very interested in watching football games
9．What can we say about Japanese big cities' cleanliness?
A．It has become common practice. B．It is the result of community service.
C．It costs millions of dollars every year. D．It exists because of public campaigns.
10．Which of the following do the Japanese accept as normal?
A．Punishing the behavior of littering. B．Many signs reading "Don't Litter"."
C．Lots of garbage cans in the parks. D．Taking litter away with them.
11．The author's attitude to the Japanese audience might be that of____________.
A．criticism B．unconcern C．respect D．doubt
D
There’s just a 1 in 3, 700, 000 chance that a person will be killed by a shark in their lifetime, but the fear is still enough to have swimmers worrying about being perceived as prey (猎物). Now, new research supports the long-standing theory that when great whites do go in for a bite, it’s a case of “mistaken identity”.
A team of biologists from the UK and Australia compared videos of seals swimming with videos of humans swimming. They then edited the videos to simulate (模拟) a great white’s vision — the sharks are likely colorblind, and they can’t make out fine detail-and found that from the point of view of the ocean creatures, humans do indeed bear a strong resemblance to seals.
“Great white sharks are often regarded as ‘mindless killers’ and ‘fond of human flesh’. However, that's not the case — we just look like their food,” Laura Ryan, lead author of the study, said.
Despite their dissatisfying vision and spatial perception, great white sharks are highly visual creatures, and rely on motion and shadows when on the lookout for prey. To really see through the species’s eyes, the research team had to get creative.
“We attached a camera to an underwater scooter (轻便小车), and set it to travel at a typical speed for predatory sharks,” Ryan said in a statement. The researchers then paired the recordings with computer models to simulate how similar people look from a shark's view below the surface.
“I knew there would be some similarities, but not to the extent we have found,” Ryan said. “Specifically, I thought swimmers might not be as similar as surfers to seals as they typically aren’t involved in as many shark bites. However, the swimmers are also difficult to tell apart from seals.”
Ryan put it in a statement, “Understanding why shark bites occur can help us find ways to prevent them, while keeping both humans and sharks safer.”
12．What do the underlined words “the ocean creatures” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Seals. B．Sharks. C．Humans. D．Swimmers.
13．Why did the researchers use the scooter with a camera?
A．To measure the speed of predatory sharks.
B．To take clear pictures of underwater seals.
C．To keep track of sharks’ travel underwater.
D．To see human beings through sharks' view.
14．What does the research find?
A．Swimmers are easy to tell apart from seals.
B．Swimmers are not as similar as surfers to seals.
C．The similarities between humans and seals are few.
D．Swimmers surprisingly resemble seals in sharks’ eyes.
15．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Why Sharks Attack Humans B．Are Shark Bites Common?
C．How Sharks Hunt for Food D．Are Sharks Really Dangerous?
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why do cats purr(发出咕噜声)?
We’ve all heard cats meow, but why do most of them purr? ____16____ Some believe that they are simply happy. Some suggest that they may be in need of something.
____17____ Cats do purr when they show their appreciation for attention. They also make the noise when not in our company. The purring noise is a continuous sound that occurs while they both breathe in and out.
When it comes to how cats purr, most people believe that the cat’s brain signals the muscles to vibrate(震动), which produces the noise. ____18____ Some argue that the cat intends to purr, while others say it may be due to chemicals released by the brain as a reaction to pleasure or pain.
According to Leslie A．Lyons, an assistant professor at the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of California, cats often purr while stressed, for example, when they head to the vets or are recovering from an injury.
____19____ Some scientists believe it may actually promote muscle development, heal bones and injuries, ease breathing and reduce pain. ____20____
In a word, the purring of a cat may have more uses than just telling you they’re enjoying attention.
A．When do cats purr?
B．How often do cats purr?
C．Then what causes this reaction?
D．So what are the benefits of this sound?
E．There are a number of theories out there.
F．The word purr refers to the constant loud noise.
G．It could even help to comfort in a similar way to a child sucking thumbs.
第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30 分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、 C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A few years ago, I was leaving where I worked only to find a baby goat (山羊) at the end of the driveway. I ____21____ someone dumped (遗弃) him over the fence. The ____22____ was visibly nervous but stood perfectly still as I approached.
I’m an animal ____23____ and I’ve brought home dogs, cats, horses, chickens, and fish, but never a goat. The tiny kid was too adorable to ____24____. I named him Quincy, and bottle-fed him in my bathroom.
Quincy proved to be quite intelligent. When he was about a week old, I ____25____ my fingers on the bathroom floor and said “Lie down.” I was amazed when he ____26____.
A ____27____ study—Quincy learned to lie down, bow, and turn in a circle in no time. He knows the name of everything I feed him, and even joins us for trips to the dog park.
I love to train animals and often take my dogs to shows where they can perform their tricks. Quincy did his first ____28____ when he was just six weeks old. He knew only a few ____29____ then, but he did them perfectly and _____30_____ misbehaved or got nervous in front of the crowd.
Now he has a whole performing list: He’ll shake hooves (蹄子), come when _____31_____, wave, smile for the camera (“Say cheese!”), and more. Quincy and my dogs _____32_____ regularly at schools, nursing homes, and charity events. Quincy can even “read” his tricks off cue cards, which always earns the most _____33_____.
It’s hard to believe that the goat kid _____34_____ wanted turned out to be one of the smartest and most good-natured animals I’ve ever had. He’s by far the _____35_____ of my bunch—just don’t tell the dogs!
21．A．knew B．evaluated C．saw D．figured
22．A．owner B．dog C．kid D．stranger
23．A．lover B．watcher C．professor D．hunter
24．A．insist B．resist C．adopt D．acknowledge
25．A．tapped B．swung C．stuck D．raised
26．A．looked down B．calmed down C．broke down D．dropped down
27．A．slow B．rewarding C．quick D．disappointing
28．A．duty B．greeting C．show D．service
29．A．trips B．tricks C．patterns D．examples
30．A．never B．only C．still D．often
31．A．ignored B．called C．warned D．blessed
32．A．perform B．practice C．play D．stretch
33．A．money B．respect C．applause D．sympathy
34．A．anybody B．somebody C．everybody D．nobody
35．A．oldest B．sharpest C．rarest D．kindest
第Ⅱ 卷(非选择题 共55分)
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分 满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Are User-friendly Passwords on the Horizon?
Imagine a whole new type of password----one that lets you no longer use all those numbers, letters and symbols, but is still unavailable to attackers.
Researchers ____36____ (create) a new password system that can one day allow users to access their bank accounts, phones or favorite websites simply by picking out a familiar face from a grid (网络)of nine faces, four times in a row.
They call the system Facelock, ____37____ , according to a new study, is full of benefits.
Facial recognition
____38____ Facelock, the images in the system are always changing ----even the image of the familiar face.
The research team explains that people do not recognize all faces equally. We have no trouble ____39____(identify) a familiar face across a series of different images that range in quality. On the other hand, when a face is not familiar to us, we are ____40___(likely) to think that different images of the same person are actually images of different people.
The well-studied psychological phenomenon can be frustrating to police when they ask a witness to identify a person ____41____ (catch) in an unclear security camera tape, but in the case of Facelock, the researchers were able to exploit it for the good of frustrated password users.
The Success Rate
The researchers looked at ____42__ vulnerable(易受攻击的)the Facelock system is to attack by strangers, as well as people who are close to the users, such as a spouse or other family members.
Facial Recognition System is hard ____43____ ( break) by people who don’t know the users. Even people who were very close to the users were only able to get through all four grids successfully 6.6percent of the time.
“ ____44____ (take ) into account the success rates of account holders (97.5 per cent ), random zero-acquaintance attackers (less than 1 per cent), and nominated high-acquaintance attackers(6.6 per cent), we hold a firm belief _____45_____ it is a promising stating point”, the researcher wrote.
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华。你的英国笔友Peter很喜欢中国书法，你准备赠送他一本英文版《中国书法鉴赏》。请给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 写信目的；
2. 简介该书。
注意：
1. 词数80字左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：书法 calligraphy； 鉴赏 appreciation
Dear Peter,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之成为一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Every time Jim crossed the street on his way to work, he would see a little girl selling flowers on the street. She sat by a large green board with the names of the flowers and their prices on it. Unfortunately, no one paid attention to her, and she rarely sold anything. Jim wanted to help her, and one day he got his chance. His aunt would retire, and he thought a bouquet (花束) would be a great gift.
“Hello, could you please make me a bouquet of roses?” Jim said as he approached the girl.
The girl didn’t raise her head and just stared at the same spot on the ground. “I’m Cassy. Thank you for buying flowers from me,” she said. “Could you please select the flowers by yourself and give them to me? I will tie them together for you. I can’t see. ”
“Oh, I’m sorry,” Jim said as he picked the flowers and handed them to her. Within several seconds, the girl made a lovely bouquet for Jim.
“Here,” she said, holding the bouquet. “That’ll be $5.”
“Thanks. They’re beautiful,” Jim said and walked away after placing the money in the hat beside Cassy.
The next day, Jim went to work and he decided to have a quick talk with Cassy on the way. However, he didn’t see Cassy where she used to be that morning. He thought she might be late and decided to meet her the next day, but she didn’t show up for the next few days in a row (连续地).
Jim was concerned about Cassy, wondering if something bad had happened to Cassy. Surprisingly, he finally met Cassy again on the street with her flowers.
Paragraph 1:
Jim was so delighted to see Cassy that he ran to her at once.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Jim then drove Cassy to her home, where he met her sick mother, Jade.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．D    2．B    3．C

【导语】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了几处远足旅行的目的地。
1．细节理解题。根据文章Larapinta Trail, Australia部分的“Repeat visitors to the Larapinta say this part of Australia offers some of the best stargazing in the world.（到Larapinta去的回头客说澳大利亚这个地区是世界上观星的最好去处。）”可知，在Larapinta Trail，最吸引人的应是仰望星空，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据Inca Trail部分的“And the most thoughtful thing is that the groups hire porters to carry the luggage, so hikers need only to worry about enjoying the scenery!（最贴心的就是他们租了搬运工专门搬运行李，这样的话，远足旅行者只需要好好欣赏美景了！）”可知，Inca Trail最贴心的就是远足者不需要自己提行李，故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据文章Cape Scott Trail部分的“To call the five-day hike challenging would be the understatement of the century. The adventure begins gradually. （称这五天的徒步旅行具有挑战性，这是本世纪的轻描淡写。冒险逐渐开始。）”可知，对于远足者来说，Cape Scott Trail可能是有风险的，故选C。
4．C    5．D    6．B    7．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了著名的葡萄牙阿鲁卡地质公园的516 Arouca Bridge。
4．词句猜测题。根据第二段“ Until the 516 Arouca Bridge was completed, the longest hanging bridge for walkers was the 494-meter-long Charles Kuonen Bridge in Randa, Switzerland. To replace an older crossing that was damaged by falling rocks, it was opened to the public five years ago, as the website for what is now the world’s second longest hanging bridge says.(在516阿鲁卡大桥竣工之前，世界上最长的吊桥是瑞士兰达的494米的查尔斯·库南大桥。这座桥是世界上第二长的吊桥，据其网站介绍，为了取代一座被落石损坏的旧桥，它于5年前向公众开放)”可知，划线词it指上文中的Charles Kuonen Bridge。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Arouca Geopark in Portugal has announced that visitors are free to visit its record-setting bridge, the 516 Arouca Bridge.(葡萄牙阿鲁卡地质公园宣布，游客可以自由参观其创纪录的516阿鲁卡桥)”根据时态可知，现在516 Arouca Bridge刚刚宣布开放，因此开放时间是近期，选项中距离现在最近的时间是2021年。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段“All of the city leaders think the bridge can attract people from all over the world for a lot of different reasons(所有的城市领导都认为这座桥可以吸引来自世界各地的人)”可知，领导人认为这座桥可以吸引很多的游客，带动周围的旅游资源。故选B。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Arouca Geopark in Portugal has announced that visitors are free to visit its record-setting bridge, the 516 Arouca Bridge. Though it’s quite high, it’s the length of the bridge that has set a record. It’s the world’s longest hanging bridge for walkers.(葡萄牙阿鲁卡地质公园宣布，游客可以自由参观其创纪录的516阿鲁卡桥。虽然它相当高，但创造纪录的是桥的长度。它是世界上最长的步行吊桥)”可知，文章开篇提出了著名的516 Arouca Bridge现已开放，并开始介绍516 Arouca Bridge。由此可知，World’s Longest Hanging Bridge Is Opened(世界上最长的吊桥开通了)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。
8．B    9．A    10．D    11．C

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本球迷令世人敬佩的行为——无论身处何地都随身带走自己的垃圾，并说明了日本对待清洁的观念使得清洁已经成为一种惯例，日本人也常常将垃圾主动带走，而不是丢在地上。
8．推理判断题。根据第三段This isn't the first time the Japanese have taken trash outside the stadium. The 1998 FIFA World Cup held in France was the first ever World Cup that Japan had qualified for. After their first group game against Argentina, the Japanese fans gave the world a lesson in politeness and respect by actually cleaning the football stadium seats. They picked up all the trash around them whether it was theirs or not. They then walked out and threw the trash in the garbage cans before leaving.可知这已经不是日本人第一次在体育场外捡垃圾了。1998年在法国举行的国际足联世界杯是日本第一次有资格参加世界杯。在与阿根廷的第一场小组赛之后，日本球迷给世界上上了一节礼貌和尊重的课，他们真的清理了足球场的座位。他们把周围不管是不是他们的垃圾都捡了起来。然后他们走出去，在离开之前，把垃圾扔进垃圾桶里。由此可推知，第三段的故事主要是为了说明了日本球迷有打扫体育场的习惯。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段中It's not due to effective public works or community service. It's due to one simple thing: They don't throw their rubbish on the floor. This unique and rare concept allows for both huge cities and the countryside to stay neat and tidy.可知这并不是因为有效的公共工程或社区服务。原因很简单：他们不把垃圾扔在地上。这种独特而罕见的理念使得大城市和乡村都能保持整洁。由此可知，日本大城市的清洁已经成为一种惯例。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段To reinforce this behavior, the common signs in Japan ask people to take their litter home with them. Then, to reinforce the sign, hey usually have no garbage cans in the parks. So when faced with the choice of throwing their garbage on the ground or keeping it with them, they keep it. They don’t need a “Don't Litter” or Keep Japan beautiful” sign. They have been doing it their whole lives and are used to taking their garbage with them.可知为了加强这种行为，日本常见的标志是要求人们把垃圾带回家。然后，为了强调这个标志，嘿，公园里通常没有垃圾桶。所以，当他们面临把垃圾扔在地上还是随身携带的选择时，他们会选择带着。他们不需要“不要乱扔垃圾”或“保持日本美丽”的标志。他们一辈子都是这样做的，也习惯了随身携带垃圾。由此可知，日本人认为把垃圾带走是正常的。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段Japanese fans who watched their national team be defeated by the Ivory Coast on Saturday showed it is possible to lose graciously (优雅地), when they stayed behind after the match to help clean up.可知上周六，日本球迷观看了本国国家队被科特迪瓦队击败的比赛，赛后他们留下来帮助清理场地，这表明他们也可以优雅地输掉比赛。以及第三段中After their first group game against Argentina, the Japanese fans gave the world a lesson in politeness and respect by actually cleaning the football stadium seats.可知在与阿根廷的第一场小组赛之后，日本球迷给世界上上了一节礼貌和尊重的课，他们真的清理了足球场的座位。由此可推知，作者对日本球迷的态度可能是尊重的。故选C。
12．B    13．D    14．D    15．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，鲨鱼攻击人类是因为它们将人类误认为它的猎物——海豹。
12．词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“They then edited the videos to simulate (模拟) a great white’s vision — the sharks are likely colorblind, and they can’t make out fine detail-and found that from the point of view of the ocean creatures, humans do indeed bear a strong resemblance to seals. (然后，他们编辑了视频，以模拟大白鲨的视觉——鲨鱼可能是色盲，它们无法分辨出细节——发现从这种海洋生物的角度来看，人类确实与海豹非常相似)”可知，划线短语“the ocean creatures”指的是前文中的“大白鲨”。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段“To really see through the species’s eyes, the research team had to get creative. (要真正从物种的角度看问题，研究团队必须要有创意)”及第五段“We attached a camera to an underwater scooter (轻便小车), and set it to travel at a typical speed for predatory sharks. (我们在水下滑板车上安装了一个摄像头，让它以食肉鲨鱼的典型速度行驶)”可知，研究人员使用带有相机的水下轻便小车是为了从鲨鱼的视角看在水中的人类。故选D项。
14．细节理解题。根据第六段““I knew there would be some similarities, but not to the extent we have found,” Ryan said. “Specifically, I thought swimmers might not be as similar as surfers to seals as they typically aren’t involved in as many shark bites. However, the swimmers are also difficult to tell apart from seals.”(“我知道会有一些相似之处，但没有我们发现的那种程度，”瑞安说。“具体来说，我认为游泳者可能不像冲浪者那样与海豹相似，因为他们通常不会被鲨鱼咬伤。然而，游泳者也很难与海豹区分开来。”)”可知，Laura Ryan原本知道游泳的人类和海豹在鲨鱼的眼中是有相似之处的，但是研究表明，他们在鲨鱼的眼中惊人的相似。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，以及文章第一段“Now, new research supports the long-standing theory that when great whites do go in for a bite, it's a case of “mistaken identity”. (现在，新的研究支持了长期以来的理论，即当大白鲨真的想咬一口时，这是一种“错误的身份”)”和最后一段“Ryan put it in a statement, “Understanding why shark bites occur can help us find ways to prevent them, while keeping both humans and sharks safer.” (瑞安在一份声明中说，“了解为什么会发生鲨鱼咬伤，可以帮助我们找到预防鲨鱼咬伤的方法，同时让人类和鲨鱼都更安全。”)”可知，文章主要通过实验验证了一个理论——鲨鱼攻击人类是因为它们将人类误认为它的猎物——海豹。由此可知，Why Sharks Attack Humans(为什么鲨鱼攻击人类)适合作本文标题。故选A项。
16．E    17．A    18．C    19．D    20．G

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是猫为什么会发出咕噜声。
16．空格前说“We’ve all heard cats meow, but why do most of them purr? (我们都听过猫叫，但为什么大多数猫会咕噜咕噜叫呢？)”，空格后说“Some believe that they are simply happy. Some suggest that they may be in need of something.(有些人认为他们很快乐。有些人认为他们可能需要一些东西。)”，由此可知，关于空格前的问题，人们的解释有很多，E选项“There are a number of theories out there.(有很多理论。)”说明了有很多原因可以解释前面的问题，由此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
17．空格后说“Cats do purr when they show their appreciation for attention. They also make the noise when not in our company. The purring noise is a continuous sound that occurs while they both breathe in and out.(猫在表达对关注的感激之情时确实会发出咕噜声。当我们不陪它们的时候，它们也会制造噪音。咕噜声是一种持续的声音，发生在它们吸气和呼气的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲的是猫在什么时候会发出咕噜声，A选项“When do cats purr?(猫什么时候发出咕噜声？)”概括了本段的主题，引出下文内容，符合语境，故选A。
18．空格前说“When it comes to how cats purr, most people believe that the cat’s brain signals the muscles to vibrate(震动), which produces the noise.(说到猫是如何发出咕噜声的，大多数人认为猫的大脑会向肌肉发出振动信号，从而产生噪音。)”，空格后说“Some argue that the cat intends to purr, while others say it may be due to chemicals released by the brain as a reaction to pleasure or pain.(一些人认为猫想要呜呜叫，而另一些人则认为这可能是由于大脑对快乐或痛苦做出的一种反应所释放的化学物质。)”，由此可知，空格处应问“为什么会出现前面作者反应呢”，C选项“Then what causes this reaction?(那么是什么引起了这种反应呢？)”引出下文对空前内容的解释，由此C选项承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
19．空格后说“Some scientists believe it may actually promote muscle development, heal bones and injuries, ease breathing and reduce pain.(一些科学家认为，它实际上可能促进肌肉发育、治愈骨骼和损伤、缓解呼吸和减轻疼痛。)”，说明本段主要讲的是猫发出这种咕噜声的好处，D选项“So what are the benefits of this sound?(那么这种声音有什么好处呢？)”引出空格后的好处，可概括本段主要内容，符合语境，故选D。
20．空格前说“Some scientists believe it may actually promote muscle development, heal bones and injuries, ease breathing and reduce pain.(一些科学家认为，它实际上可能促进肌肉发育、治愈骨骼和损伤、缓解呼吸和减轻疼痛。)”，空格处应接着前文继续讲这种咕噜声的好处，G选项“It could even help to comfort in a similar way to a child sucking thumbs.(它甚至可以以类似于孩子吮吸拇指的方式帮助安慰。)”补充说明了猫的咕噜声的好处，因此G选项承接上文，符合语境，故选G。

21．D    22．C    23．A    24．B    25．A    26．D    27．C    28．C    29．B    30．A    31．B    32．A    33．C    34．D    35．B

【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述作者和他捡到的小山羊Quincy的故事。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认定有人把他遗弃到篱笆上了。A. knew知道；B. evaluated评估；C. saw看见；D. figured计算，认定。根据下文“someone dumped (遗弃) him over the fence.”可知，这是作者自己分析之后猜测的结果。故选D。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：小山羊显然很紧张，但当我走近时，他站得一动不动。A. owner主人；B. dog狗；C. kid小山羊；D. stranger陌生人。根据上文“a baby goat”可知，这里显然很紧张的是指小山羊。故选C。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是一个动物爱好者，我带过狗、猫、马、鸡和鱼回家，但从未带过山羊。A. lover爱好者；B. watcher观察者；C. professor教授；D. hunter猎人。根据下文“I’ve brought home dogs, cats, horses, chickens, and fish, but never a goat.”可知，作者是一个非常喜欢动物的人。故选A。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个小山羊太可爱了，无法抗拒。A. insist坚持说；B. resist抵挡；C. adopt采纳；D. acknowledge认可。根据上文“The tiny kid was too adorable to”可知，这个小山羊太可爱了，作者无法抗拒收养它的想法。故选B。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他大约一周大的时候，我用手指轻拍浴室地板，说“躺下”，当他倒下时，我很惊讶。A. tapped轻敲；B. swung摇摆；C. stuck粘；D. raised提升。根据下文“my fingers on the bathroom floor and said “Lie down.””可知，作者要发出示意小山羊“躺下”的指令，所以他应该是用手指轻拍浴室地板，发出响声。故选A。
26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：见第5题详解。A. looked down往下看；B. calmed down冷静；C. broke down打破；D. dropped down下降，倒下。根据上文“I 　　5　　 my fingers on the bathroom floor and said “Lie down.” I was amazed”可知，作者发出示意小山羊“躺下”的命令之后，让他吃惊的应该是小山羊确实躺下了。故选D。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Quincy快速学习了一下，学会了躺下、鞠躬、转圈。A. slow慢的；B. rewarding报酬高的；C. quick快的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据上文“Quincy proved to be quite intelligent.”可知，Quincy很聪明，所以学的很快。故选C。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Quincy在六周大的时候做了他的第一场演出。A. duty责任；B. greeting打招呼；C. show展示；D. service服务。根据上文“I love to train animals and often take my dogs to shows where they can perform their tricks.”可知，作者喜欢训练这些小动物们，并让它们表演节目。故选C。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时它只知道几个把戏，但它做得很完美，从不在人群面前表现不当或紧张。A. trips旅行；B. tricks技巧，把戏；C. patterns模式；D. examples例子。根据上文“I love to train animals and often take my dogs to shows where they can perform their tricks.”可知，小动物们会被作者训练，表演一些小把戏。故选B。
30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：见第9题详解。A. never绝不；B. only仅仅；C. still仍然；D. often经常。根据上文“he did them perfectly”可知，Quincy做得很完美，所以从不在人群面前表现不当或紧张。故选A。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在他有了一个完整的表演清单：他会抖蹄，应召而来，挥手，对着镜头微笑（“说奶酪！”），等等。A. ignored忽视；B. called叫；C. warned警告；D. blessed保佑。根据上文“come when”可知，Quincy应该是在被叫到的时候会过来。故选B。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Quincy和我的狗定期在学校、养老院和慈善活动中表演。A. perform表演；B. practice练习；C. play玩；D. stretch展开。根据下文“regularly at schools, nursing homes, and charity events. Quincy can even “read” his tricks off cue cards, which always earns the most 　　13　　.”可知，这里指Quincy和作者的狗会定期在学校、养老院和慈善活动中表演。故选A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Quincy甚至可以在提示牌上“读出”它的小把戏，这总是赢得最多的掌声。A. money钱；B. respect尊敬；C. applause鼓掌；D. sympathy怜悯。根据上文“Quincy can even “read” his tricks off cue cards”可知，Quincy可以读出提示牌上的小把戏，所以应该是赢得最多的掌声。故选C。
34．考查代词词义辨析。句意：很难相信没人想要的小山羊竟然是我见过的最聪明、最善良的动物之一。A. anybody任何人；B. somebody某人；C. everybody每人；D. nobody没有人。根据上文“I 　　1　　 someone dumped (遗弃) him over the fence.”可知，小山羊是作者捡到的，所以是没有人要的。故选D。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它是我这群动物中最聪明的，只是别告诉狗！A. oldest最老的；B. sharpest最聪明的；C. rarest最稀有的；D. kindest最友好的。根据上文“Quincy proved to be quite intelligent.”可知，作者认为Quincy是最聪明的。故选B。

36．have created    37．which   38．With    39．identifying    40．more likely    41．caught    42．how    43．to break    44．Taking    45．that

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个全新的密码系统，希望有了这个密码系统能够提高密码的安全性。
36．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：研究人员已经开发了一种新的密码系统，有朝一日，用户只需从9张面孔中连续4次选出一张熟悉的面孔，就可以进入自己的银行账户、手机或喜欢的网站。根据下文可知，这种密码系统已经开发了出来，所以用现在完成时，主语researchers是复数，助动词用have。故填have created。
37．考查定语从句。句意：他们称这个系统为Facelock，根据一项新的研究，它有很多好处。句中先行词为Facelock，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
38．考查介词。句意：有了Facelock，系统中的图像总是在改变，甚至是熟悉的面孔的图像。根据句意，指的是使用这个密码系统，也就是有了它，所以用介词with，表示“具有，带有”。故填With。
39．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究小组解释说，人们并不是平等地识别所有的面孔。在一系列不同质量的图像中，我们可以毫不费力地识别出一张熟悉的脸。短语have no trouble (in) doing sth.毫不费力做某事。故填identifying。
40．考查形容词比较级。句意：另一方面，当我们不熟悉一张脸时，我们更有可能认为同一个人的不同图像实际上是不同人的图像。根据上文可知，熟悉的人我们毫不费力就可以识别出，相比之下，不熟悉的人则更可能认错，所以用形容词的比较级形式。故填more likely。
41.考查非谓语动词。句意：这种被充分研究的心理现象可能会让警察感到沮丧，当他们要求目击者指认不清楚的监控录像中的人时。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词a person与catch之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填caught。
42．考查名词性从句。句意：研究人员观察了Facelock系统在受到陌生人以及与用户关系密切的人(如配偶或其他家庭成员)攻击时的有多易受攻击。本句考查宾语从句的连接词，修饰形容词vulnerable，表示“多么”应用how引导，相当于感叹句。故填how。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：面部识别系统很难被不认识用户的人破解。本句考查句式：主语+be+adj.+to do，该句型要求不定式用主动形式表被动意思。故填to break。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：“考虑到账户持有人(97.5%)、随机的零熟人攻击者(不到1%)和指定的熟人攻击者(6.6%)的成功率，我们坚信这是一个很有希望的陈述点。”研究人员写道。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。这里考查非谓语动词作状语，和主句主语之间存在主动关系。故填Taking。
45．考查名词性从句。句意：“考虑到账户持有人(97.5%)、随机的零熟人攻击者(不到1%)和指定的熟人攻击者(6.6%)的成功率，我们坚信这是一个很有希望的陈述点。”研究人员写道。这里考查同位语从句的连接词，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以用连接词that引导。故填that。
第一节(满分15分)
A possible version:
Dear Peter,
How are things with you? Knowing you are so fond of Chinese calligraphy, I would like to send you the English version of a book about it.
The book is entitled Appreciation of Chinese Calligraphy, including a fascinating collection of masterpieces. It not only presents a variety of calligraphy styles, but also provides beautiful illustrations, expert analyses and useful comments, since one’s handwriting is often viewed as a reflection of his personality.
I hope you will like the book and find it helpful. Looking forward to your comments on the book.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，告诉朋友你准备赠送他一本英文版《中国书法鉴赏》并对此书进行简介。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
   总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：1.说明写信目的
      2.对《中国书法鉴赏》一书进行简介
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
be fond of; English version; a variety of ; as a reflection of; find sb./sth.+形容词; look forward to ; comment on.
第三步：连词成句
1. Knowing you are so fond of Chinese calligraphy, I would like to send you the English version of a book about it.
2. It not only presents a variety of calligraphy styles, but also provides beautiful illustrations, expert analyses and useful comments.
3. one’s handwriting is often viewed as a reflection of his personality.
4. I hope you will like the book and find it helpful.
5. Looking forward to your comments on the book.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing, On the one hand…, On the other hand… Some…, while others… ,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, Since, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】文章内容完整，包括了提示所给的所有要点，同时语言规范、语篇连贯、词数适当、上下文意思连贯、符合逻辑关系。范文中使用了较多复合句，如：It not only presents a variety of calligraphy styles, but also provides beautiful illustrations, expert analyses and useful comments, since one’s handwriting is often viewed as a reflection of his personality..这句话中有not only …but also连接的并列句，同时又有since引导的原因状语从句。
第二节（满分25分）
Jim was so delighted to see Cassy that he ran to her at once. However, to his shock, Cassy seemed tired and pale. He approached her worriedly. “Cassy, what happened to you? Do you still remember me?” “The one who bought roses?” “Yes, that’s me. I’m worried about you. You haven’t been here for days.” “Well, I am okay,” she said. “Mom suffered from an illness, and I had to look after her. She needs surgery (手术), so I have to work harder to earn more money.” Jim listened, and tears welled up in his eyes. He told Cassy that he wanted to visit her mother, and Cassy agreed.
Jim then drove to her home, where he met her sick mother, Jade. Jim noticed the poor conditions they were living in and decided to do something to help them. He posted their story online and many people offered help. Thanks to Jim and those kind-hearted people, Cassy’s mother underwent surgery and finally recovered. On the day Jade was discharged from hospital, Jim bought a bouquet for her from Cassy. Jim hoped they could live a happy life with love.
【分析】本文讲述了一位小女孩每日在街角卖花，吉姆想要帮助她，而后在他阿姨即将退休时，找到了买花的机会，从而得知，这位女孩是一位盲人，然后想要和她说些什么，却惊讶的发现女孩很长一段时间没来了，担心了一段时间后，惊讶地发现女孩又出现了，于是了解情况得知她母亲生病了，而后帮助她及其家人的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“吉姆很高兴见到凯西，立刻奔向她。”可知，第一段可描写吉姆向凯西询问这些天发生了什么，以及由第二段首句内容“吉姆开车驾驶到凯西家，在家里看到了他生病的母亲。”可推知这些天发生在凯西身上的事情。故该段还可以写凯西身上所发生的事。
②由第二段首句内容“吉姆开车驾驶到凯西家，在家里看到了他生病的母亲。”可知，第二段可描写吉姆看到了这样的情况是如何帮助她们的。
2.续写线索：得知凯西母亲生病——去了解情况——安慰且帮助她们——母亲情况好转——幸福生活
3.词汇激活行为类
决定：decide/determine
出现：show up/appear
注意：notice/observe
康复：recover/cure
情绪类
流泪：tears welled up/shed tears
高兴：delight/happy
【点睛】[高分句型1]He told Cassy that he wanted to visit her mother, and Cassy agreed.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2]Jim noticed the poor conditions they were living in and decided to do something to help them.(运用了省略that的定语从句)