高考英语阅读表达专项训练

这是一份高考英语阅读表达专项训练，共51页。
阅读表达
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
On a recent Saturday, I stepped into a MeDonald to use the ladies’ room. There I saw a woman of my age with a concerned look on her face helping her elderly father slowly make his way to the men’s room with his walker.She seemed like a loving,dutiful daughter dealing with the role reversal(逆转)that comes with age—those moments when it feels like you’re talking care of your parents,instead of being taken care of by your parents.
As a member of the sandwich generation,I can relate.I often feel like the peanut butter between two pieced of bread:I’m trying to hold it together for my two teenage daughters,and  also meet the needs of my 89-year-old mom,Elinor.
My mother’s day-to-day care became a must after my father passed away last year.My parents cared for each other through Parkinson’s disease,heart disease and cancer.Now mom is living alone, in the same house in Virginia where my elder sister,my younger brother and I grew up. The house is full of 55 years’ memories about my mom and my dad. And the thought of leaving it makes her extremely sad.
But what if something happens to her and no one is there to help? What about the hours of loneliness that can’t be alleviated with a phone call? I am lucky that my brothers and sisters and I are in regular communication and we all want to do our part.
We don’t want to decide for her, of course. And we do have options: We could ensure that the house is safe for her, or bring in someone a couple of hours a day to cook a few meals and do light house-keeping. The most important thing is to keep talking about it as family,and to keep mom involved in the discussion.
Whatever we decide, we’ll do it together.Mom sacrifices her whole life for us,and we want to help her age with dignity.
1．What does the author think of the woman of her age? (no more than 10 words)
_________________________________________________
2．Why doesn’t the author’s mother want to leave her house? (no more than 8 words)
_________________________________________________
3．What does the underlined word “alleviated” in Paragraph 4 mean? (1 word)
_________________________________________________
4．What makes the author think she is lucky ?(no more than 16 words)
_________________________________________________
5．What inspiration do you get from the passage? Please express it in your own words.(no more than 25 words)
_________________________________________________

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Nobody likes to feel anxious. Anxiety is among the most common and criticized of human emotions. Studies show that over 100 million people in the U.S. will suffer from an anxiety disorder in their lifetime. Rates, especially among the young, have been rising for the past decade. It seems, then, that our efforts to contain anxiety aren’t working.
As a clinical psychologist and neuroscience researcher, I believe that we mental health professionals have made a terrible mistake. Feeling anxious isn’t the problem. The problem is that we don’t understand how to respond constructively to anxiety. That’s why it’s increasingly hard to know how to feel good.
This “bad” feeling isn’t a failure of mental health. It’s a triumph of human evolution: the ability to think about the uncertain future and prepare for it. The unpleasant emotion, for example, fear, signals that you may be in danger—from a predator, bully or speeding car—and readies your body and mind to fight or take flight.
Anxiety, by contrast, has nothing to do with present threats. Instead, it turns you into a mental time traveler, drawing your attention to what lies ahead. Will you succeed or fail in that interview for a job you desperately want? Anxiety prompts your mind and body into action. Your worries force you to prepare thoroughly for the interview, while your heart races and pumps blood to your brain so that you stay sharp and focused, prepared to pursue your goals.
Research has also shown something that many scientists didn’t expect: higher levels of dopamine (多巴胺) when we’re anxious. We have long known that dopamine soars when an experience is pleasurable and also in anticipation of rewards. The fact that anxiety also boosts dopamine levels points to its role in making positive possibilities into reality.
Many of us feel overwhelmed by lasting anxiety and don’t see any benefit from it. We have come to believe that the best way to cope is to get rid of it. But treating anxiety like a disease prevents us from distinguishing between ordinary anxiety and anxiety disorders. We need to develop a new mindset about this misunderstood emotion. Anxiety can’t do its job unless it makes us uncomfortable, forcing us to sit up and pay attention. We don’t need to like anxiety—just to use it in the right way.
6．Why is it increasingly hard for us to know how to feel good?
_____________________________________________________________
7．How does anxiety help one in a job interview?
_____________________________________________________________
8．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Research has shown that dopamine soars when an experience is pleasurable, but it is in lower levels when we are anxious.
_____________________________________________________________
9．How do you cope with anxiety positively in your daily life? (In about 40 words)
_____________________________________________________________

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
How do our food choices affect the environment?
Producing the foods we eat has massive environmental impacts: it requires vast tracts of land and huge quantities of water. In addition to using land and water, food production results in greenhouse gas emissions—from the fossil fuels burned to run tractors and harvesters, for example, and from the gases released when cow manure decomposes(粪便分解) and from when cows burp and fart(打嗝和放屁). These emissions add up: scientists estimate that food production around the world causes up to 30% of all the greenhouse gases people release to the atmosphere each year.
Raising cows and sheep for meat has an especially large environmental footprint with regards to land use, water use, and greenhouse gas emissions. Because of this, we wanted to find out: Would changing peoples’ diets have a significant environmental effect? And if so, which diets are likely to be healthiest for ourselves and for the planet?
We identified 14 diets that scientists have proposed as being more environmentally sustainable: these included vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian(鱼素者，吃鱼不吃肉的半素食主义者), and replacing red meat with pork and chicken, to name a few.
Overall, our review found that reducing meat intake generally resulted in less greenhouse gas emissions, less land use, and less water use. The environmental impact from switching to alternative diets varied greatly across the studies—some found changes of 70% less greenhouse gas emissions and land use, while others found only slight reductions or even increases.
The more sustainable diets were generally considered slightly healthier due to increased vegetable and fruit and reduced red and processed meat consumption.
Being conscious about both the environmental impacts and healthiness of the foods we eat is an important start. For most of us, following healthy guidelines for a balanced diet would go a long way to improving health and environmental sustainability.
10．What impacts does food production have on the environment?
____________________________________________________________
11．In terms of our daily diet, what can we do to reduce environmental impacts?
____________________________________________________________
12．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Diets like vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian and the like are considered more environmentally sustainable and healthier due to the absence of red meat.
____________________________________________________________
13．Apart from what has been mentioned in the passage, what can we do to make our life more eco-friendly?
____________________________________________________________

阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Roy Austin first experienced an African adventure in 2018. All he wanted to do was get close to some African wildlife. Although Roy did realize this dream, he found something even more meaningful in Africa.
Roy spent time in many countries throughout East Africa. He was most interested in the people of rural Kenya, especially people of the Amboseli Primary and Secondary School.
During his stay, Roy became friends with several students and teachers at the school. He was deeply touched by their positive attitude, even though it was hard for them to get books and other school supplies. Even finding basic stationary was a challenge, not to mention the lack of school buildings.
In rural Kenya, school buildings are not built by the government. Students, their parents, and teachers find materials and build the schools themselves, or they have to raise money to get builders’ help. Without schools, buildings like libraries and classrooms are just dreams. The students and teachers of the schools very much wanted a library or at least some books to read.
After returning home to South Carolina in the United States, the Kenyan students’ yearning for something as seemingly “basic” as books to read still worried Roy. He decided to do whatever he could to help these children. So he started the organization Libraries for Kids International.
Since it was started, Roy has shipped over 11,000 books to 11 schools in African countries, including Kenya and Tanzania. To keep costs down, he uses the post office to send the books instead of a carrier like FedEx. The organization has helped to supply these schools with much-needed books, which brought Roy much happiness. He plans to continue shipping books to Africa.
14．What was the main purpose of Roy’s 2018 trip to Africa? (no more than 5 words.)
________________
15．Who built school buildings in rural Kenya?(no more than 15 words)
________________
16．What can the underlined word “yearning” in paragraph 5 be replaced by?(no more than 5 words)
________________
17．What is the main idea of the passage?(no more than 15 words).
________________
18．What do you think of Roy? And why?(no more than 25 words).
________________

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Many scientists believe our love of sugar may actually be an addiction. When we eat or drink sugary foods, the sugar enters our blood and affects parts of our brain that make us feel good. Then the good feeling goes away, leaving us wanting more. All tasty foods do this, but sugar has a particularly strong effect. In this way, it is in fact an addictive drug, one that doctors suggest we all cut down on.
“It seems like every time I study an illness and search for the first cause, I find my way back to sugar,” says scientist Richard Johnson. One-third of adults worldwide have high blood pressure, and up to 347 million have diabetes (糖尿病). Why? “Sugar, we believe is one of the culprits, if not the major reason,” says Johnson.
Our bodies are designed to survive on very little sugar. Early humans often had very little food, so our bodies learned to be very efficient in storing sugar as fat. In this way, we had energy stored for when there was no food. But today, most people have more than enough. So the very thing that once saved us may now be killing us.
So what is the solution? It’s obvious that we need to eat less sugar. The trouble is, in today’s world, it’s extremely difficult to avoid. From breakfast cereals (谷物) to after-dinner desserts, our foods are increasingly filled with it.
But there are those who are fighting back against sugar. Many schools are replacing sugary desserts with healthier food like fruit. Other schools are growing their own food in gardens, or building facilities (设施) like walking tracks so students and others in the community can exercise.
19．What is one of the reasons for high blood pressure?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
20．Why did our bodies learn to store sugar as fat?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
21．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
—The sugar enters our blood and affects parts of our brain that make us feel good, so we should eat more in daily life.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
22．In your daily life, how do you fight against sugar? (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Yuan Xin, who is now pursuing his doctoral degree, learned from a young age the only way for him to succeed was with his brain rather than brawn (体力).
At the age of three, a terrible accident cost Yuan his right arm. His parents didn’t send him to kindergarten but kept him home. The idea was to ease him into learning with family care and better prepare him for further education. They believed that knowledge can change one’s life.
When he entered primary school, he started receiving unwanted attention and some kids gave him nicknames. “I had doubts about myself then, but my parents told me to dismiss unfriendly noises and focus on learning,” he says. He buried his head in his books and, as a result, his academic performance stood out. It gradually brought him admiration and respect from people around him.
His academic strength saw him admitted to computer science of Wuhan University of Science and Technology. “I figured it was less demanding on the ‘hand’ and more about brainwork,” he says. However, he had his work cut out for him from the start. Before college, he hadn’t even touched a computer. He couldn’t make any sense of the first class, and had no clue about the keyboard. To catch up with the class, for the first term, Yuan spent his spare time studying and practicing in the computer room of the school library.
Yuan took every learning opportunity seriously and always followed up with his own actions. When he saw keyboards gathering dust and failing to work properly afterwards, he thought of setting up a protection cover over the keypads. He then spent half a year looking into the subject, consulting his professor and experimenting. Later he developed an idea and got a patent for it.
With his remaining hand, Yuan has come up with original designs and patents that have earned him more than 60 prizes and awards. “Although there might be many hard situations to face, I will make progress as long as I work for it,” he says.
23．Why did Yuan’s parents keep him home rather than send him to kindergarten?
____________________________________________________________
24．How did Yuan respond to his classmates’ unfriendliness?
____________________________________________________________
25．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Yuan spent his spare time in his first term working hard in the computer room because he wanted to develop his ideas and get patents.
____________________________________________________________
26．Among Yuan’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why? (In about 40 words)
____________________________________________________________

阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
“I wish that in one instant I could tell you of my safe arrival, but we are 3,000 miles apart and must wait for long weeks to hear from each other.” Samuel Morse was 20 when he wrote this sentence in a letter to his mother in 1811. He was in London studying art. She was at the home in Charlestown, Mass, USA, where he had been born. Perhaps it was at the moment of writing the letter that young Morse first had the desire to bridge space with flying words. This desire was later to give the world the electric telegraph.
Samuel returned in 1815 to work on history painting much admired in Europe. Morse completed an oil painting The House of Representatives, expecting that this would bring him fame. But there was hardly any demand in the United Stated for history painting, and he unwillingly started to support himself by painting portraits. He was often close to poverty during his career as an artist.
During a voyage from Europe to America in 1832, Morse met Thomas Jackson, a scientist who had recently attended lectures on electricity in Paris. Conversations with Jackson made the artist believe that an electrical current could be used for communication.
During the rest of the voyage he worked excitedly on drawings for his plan. After his arrival at home, he abandoned his artistic career to give his full attention to the project.
Morse had an fertile mind but little knowledge of electricity. He did years of work and study to perfect his invention. In 1837 he applied for a patent on The American Electromagnetic Telegraph. Finally, in 1843 the United States Congress provided 30,000 to build a line from Washington to Baltimore.
In May 1844 the first message was flashed over this wire. Newspapers, railroads, and businesses quickly found use for the telegraph, which for the first time created a global community.
27．What did Morse find after returning from Europe in 1815? (no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________
28．What does the underlined word “fertile” mean? (no more than 1 word)
_______________________________________________________
29．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________
30．How does the author organize the passage? (no more than 5 words)
_______________________________________________________
31．What do you think can enable a person to succeed in a certain field? (no more than 20 words)
_______________________________________________________

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
I’m a 34 year old man, married, live in a nice house, and have a successful career as an educational consultant. But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from an early age. I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help. Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.
My life improved remarkably when I discovered art. The art world gave me a chance to express myself without words. I went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay. Here I learned my first important lesson: disabled as I was in language, I could still be smart and well express myself with clay. And my confidence came along.
I got my next lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but I was scared from the start. I soon noticed it wasn’t a talent thing; it was practice. So I did it more. After about five years of climbing, I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall. I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.
Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write. Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard years, I was literate.
Having gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, and reading and writing, now I’ve got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.
32．What made the author’s school days difficult?
_____________________________________________________________
33．Why did art give the author confidence?
_____________________________________________________________
34．What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4?
_____________________________________________________________
35．How does the author’s story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life? Put it in your own words (no more than 50 words).
_____________________________________________________________

阅读下列短文，按照要求用英文回答问题。
I love beautiful scenery as much as others do, but I have always focused downwards wherever I walk. I love finding unexpected treasures—the habit likely goes back to my childhood. Even today, I engage in this obsession while walking the dog up and down the river park, Don Valley.
In January 2019, a few days after an unusually heavy snowfall, I was struggling through the Don Valley as usual with my dog. Snow days are not the best for treasure hunting, so I was surprised to see a shiny gold beneath the snow near the bottom of a hill. I carefully took out a ring decorated with a Cartier logo. I walked into the local coffee shop nearby to see if anybody had reported lost jewelry. Sadly, they had no news, so I headed home to print up flyers (传单) to post around the neighborhood. I also tried a local Facebook group.
I waited and waited but nobody called to lay claim to my small treasure. After putting it on the shelf, I eventually forgot all about it. That is, until many months later when our daughter Katie came back home for holiday. She happened to see the ring when reaching a book. With far better eyesight, she soon noticed the tiny letters on the inside of the ring that read, “Omar and Yoshi.” It was so obviously important to them. I promise to do whatever I could to track down this couple.
We searched through years of wedding notices but there was nothing on record for those two names. Frustrated, I began to give up hope, then had one last thought: why not call Cartier stores in the city? I called one store. An understandably confused gentleman listened to my story, went silent for a moment and then stated that the ring was totally untraceable(无迹可寻的). He apologized, and I was about to hang up when he suddenly asked if I had found a name on the ring. I told him just the first name, Omar.
“Omar?” he said excitedly. “Omar and Yoshi?”
After nearly a whole year, I finally made it to return my small treasure to Omar and Yoshi.
36．What does the underlined word in Para 1 mean? (1 word)
________________
37．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? (no more than 15 words)
________________
38．Why didn’t the author find the letters on the ring? (no more than 15 words)
________________
39．What finally helped the author find the ring owner? (no more than 10 words)
________________
40．What do you think of the author? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
________________

阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
On July 14, 2017, Maryam Mirzakhani, Stanford professor of mathematics and the first female winner of the Fields Medal in Mathematics, died at the age of 40.
The news was especially hard-hitting for a generation of younger academics who have always held Maryam as a role model whose example is helping redefine women’s status in science and especially mathematics. What was fun was that Maryam always tried to avoid the media’s spotlight. Her modesty and simplicity despite being the first woman to gain such high status in the world of mathematics—winning what’s often called the “Nobel Prize of math”—stood out to those who knew her.
Maryam originally wanted to be a writer, a. passion of hers that never faded away even during her postgraduate studies. However, she found an even greater joy in how rewarding it felt to solve mathematical problems. As a student, she was the first female member of Iran’s national team to participate in the International Math Olympiad (IMO), and she won two gold medals in two years—still a record.
She received her bachelor’s degree in Iran. and later studied at Harvard. In 2014, Maryam was recognized with the Fields Medal, the highest-ranking award in mathematics. Her work focused on curved surfaces like spheres (球体). Her achievements have applications in other scientific fields, including engineering and material. science. Unfortunately, at that time she was already tackling the breast cancer.
Maryam’s legend (传奇)may continue to grow after her early death. Still only 20 percent of full-time math teachers at U. S. universities are women. The example of a woman who rose to the top of this still very male field may help inspire math’s next generation.
In the same way people think of Marie Curie or Jane Goodall as scientific pioneers, Maryam Mirzakhani will go down in history as a trailblazer as well as a mathematical genius.
41．Why is Maryam held as a role model? (No more than 15 words)
________________
42．What made Maryam stand out to those who knew her? (No more than 10 words)
________________
43．What did Maryam think of solving mathematical problems? (No more than 8 words)
________________
44．What does the underlined word “tackling” mean? (No more than 2 words)
________________
45．What is your example of pioneers? Please explain why. (No more than 25 words. )
________________

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smart phones, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful—both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks—both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换) “those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind’s eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct then over time.
“In our computer age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”
46．What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?
_______________________________________________________________________________
47．What did Berninger’s study published in 2009 focus on?
_______________________________________________________________________________
48．Decide which part is false and underline it and explain.
Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It has no linking with ideas.
_______________________________________________________________________________
49．What’s your idea about spelling plays an important role in our daily life? Explain why.( In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
In the summer of 2016, the ship MV Treasure sunk, creating an oil spill. Thirteen hundred tons of fuel oil were flowing right in the middle of the African Penguins’ habitat. Soon the oil covered about 20,000 penguins. Without swift help, the seabirds would have no chance of survival. Volunteers were showing up by the thousands and I also took part in what was the largest animal rescue operation ever.
A warehouse was turned into a rescue center near the habitat and hundreds of pools were built to hold about 100 oiled birds each. When walking into the center, I couldn’t believe my ears. I had expected to walk into a chorus of honking and squawking (尖声叫). Instead, the center sounded like a library. The penguins were dead silent. My heart ached for the painful birds. Cleaning them all seemed like an impossible task. But we had to carry on like doctors in an emergency room. There was no time for doubt. Cleaning oil off a penguin wasn’t easy. Even with more than 12,500 volunteers, it took a month to bathe all 20,000 birds at the center.
While volunteers were busy bathing the oiled penguins, another crisis was developing. Oil from the spill had started moving north. Tens of thousands of penguins were in the oil’s path. But we already had our hands full with 20,000 recovering birds. If any more birds were oiled, we wouldn’t have enough resources to save them.
One researcher came up with an idea: What if the penguins were temporarily moved out of harm’s way? Experts decided to have a try. Volunteers rounded up the penguins and released them 500 miles away. The hope was that by the time the seabirds swam home, the oil would be gone. The plan worked! Another 20,000 penguins were saved.
The entire penguin rescue took about three months. More than 90% of the oiled penguins were successfully returned to the wild. Looking back on the rescue, I am still amazed by the work of the volunteers. What I could hardly believe was that we accomplished an impossible task.
50．What threatened the African penguins’ lives?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
51．How did the author feel when walking into the rescue center?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
52．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Volunteers could save the penguins in the oil’s path because they cleaned the polluted habitat together.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
53．What do you think of the rescue? Give your reasons. (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
From time to time, life might provide a person with the present of a moment that changes everything. As for me, that came on a plane home in January, 2009. Frankly, as a lawyer, I specialized in corporate law in oil and gas projects. In fact, I’d grown to hate my job. It involved too much paperwork and loads of traveling, which I thought was fairly exhausting.
Actually, becoming a lawyer was unintended. I loved my school but it was competitive and students were destined for a good university, and then a graduate plan. That was the track I was on. After graduation, I became a lawyer, but that just made me trapped. I wanted to make a difference, but I had no idea what else I could do.
On that life-changing flight, I asked a stewardess to bring me a hot drink. When she returned, I couldn’t help crying. Hugging me, she said, “I don’t know what’s wrong but if you’re crying in business class, you need to change your life.”
Those words had a great effect on me. I couldn’t carry on in a job that made me so uncomfortable.
After much reflection, I resigned 18 months later. The last time I’d been happy was when I was volunteering at a school. Because of that, my friend Sophia kept telling me I’d love teaching. Then I contacted four schools and became a teacher in the end. No amount of planning would have prepared me for my first day as a teacher. It was stressful, but as I became familiar with the curriculum, I relaxed.
Five years on, I’m head of department. Watching my students develop is so rewarding and results day makes me burst with pride. I used to feel scared about the thought of becoming a more senior lawyer, but I’m so positive about the opportunities teaching can offer. I earn less now but I become richer in many ways.
Every single day, I feel excited to go to work.
54．Why did the author dislike her job? (no more than 15 words)
____________________________________________________
55．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? (no more than 3 words)
____________________________________________________
56．What made the author choose to become a teacher? (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________
57．How does the author’s life change after being a teacher? (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________
58．What kind of career will you choose after graduation? Please explain. (no more than 25 words)
____________________________________________________

阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。
Aesha Ash spent most of her life ballet (芭蕾舞) dancing and even turned it into a career as a member of the New York City Ballet. As much as she loved to dance, she found the weight of her responsibility heavy because she was often the only African American ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员) in her classes and company.
After retiring (退休) from ballet in 2007, Aesha enjoyed the quiet life for more than ten years before she decided to come back to ballet, but in a completely new way. She started The Swan Dreams Project that helps kids in poor areas get into the world of ballet.
Aesha set up a one-week camp that invited kids to not only learn the basics of ballet, but also get an introduction to French (since she says it is “the language of ballet”).
Her first camp was in 2018 in a poor neighborhood in New York. When she arrived she was greeted by dozens of students, most of whom were African Americans. She wanted to help kids who otherwise might not have ever had the chance to live in the world of ballet.
On the final day of camp, after a week of learning, the students put on a final performance for their family and friends. Before the performance, Aesha said she was nervous that it would be less of a performance and more of a mess, since the campers were all between 8 and 11 years old. Much to her surprise, it turned out to be perfect. She said, “When we went out to our first circle and the kids began counting in French and performing the steps they had just learned, my heart melted.”
Aesha continues to do whatever she can to help kids learn ballet. She found a way to turn that seemingly unbearable weight she once carried around into something good for kids, as well as for the world of ballet.
59．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 1 probably mean? (1 word)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
60．When did Aesha decide to start The Swan Dreams Project? (no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
61．Where was Aesha’s one-week camp first held? (no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
62．Why was Aesha surprised on the final day of her first camp? (no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
63．What kind of person is Aesha? Please explain or give an example. (no more than 20 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
The Best Response to Criticism
When someone criticizes you, your natural reaction is mostly to feel bad about it or defend yourself. If you lack confidence or if you have no clear opinion about yourself, you may also feel pain and even accept the criticism as true. Living in this world, we have to deal with the opinions of others and keep ourselves safe from their negativity.
Sometimes, you will face genuine criticism from others. If you are too caught up in defensive attitude and not being open minded, you may not receive the criticism well and may not perceive the truth in it. When you are criticized, remember that your opinion of yourself is probably more genuine than the opinion of another who does not know you as much as you know about you.
Yet, we give so much importance to what others say and what they think about us. It is natural because we prefer to be approved and accepted by others, or at least respected and acknowledged for who we are. The truth is, in many respects, criticism is a reflection of the person who indulges in it rather than you. A critic’s criticism reveals more about him and his judgment rather than the object of his criticism.
Criticism is a personal opinion of the critic. It very much depends upon the person, his or her thinking, beliefs, knowledge, attitude and values. It is a product of his worldview, upbringing, values, beliefs, likes and dislikes, knowledge and ignorance. It also depends upon his relationship and attitude towards the person for whom the criticism is intended.
A criticism which is not based upon true discernment（识别能力）and purity of perception and judgment should not be considered true criticism. You can ignore it or use it to know the people who criticize.
Every criticism helps you know about you or those who engage in it. Use it to improve yourself or your relationships. If you understand this truth, you will accept criticism as a blessing and an opportunity to become a better person with better awareness.
64．According to this passage, what is the natural reaction when one gets criticized?
__________________________________________________
65．Why do we give so much importance to what others say and what they think about us?
__________________________________________________
66．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
„Since every criticism is a personal opinion of the critic, it is not helpful for us.
__________________________________________________
67．How do you usually respond to criticism?（In about 40 words）
__________________________________________________

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water.
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.
The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.
Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).
Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.”
68．What did Tom witness at his own school?
69．Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle?
70．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
71．Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about 40 words)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Panda Pride
Pandas are not only a national treasure, but are loved around the world.
Recently, a giant panda cub (幼崽) born in August at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo, US, was given the name Xiao Qi Ji, which is translated into English as “little miracle”. The choice was the result of a five-day online vote that drew nearly 135,000 voters in the US.
This cub’s birth proved to be quite inspiring—and at a time when inspiration was truly needed. “Xiao Qi Ji’s birth is a true miracle that has been so uplifting to all of us during the pandemic,” Chinese Ambassador to the US Cui Tiankai said in a video congratulatory message. “We are connected again in the growth of our little ambassador, and in our shared joy and friendship.”
The furry black-and-white animals have played an important role in China’s diplomacy, known as “panda diplomacy”.
In the 1950s, China sent pandas as gifts to friendly countries with no strings attached. The most successful donation being that of two pandas to the US in 1972, a move announced during President Richard Nixon’s historic visit to China which marked the beginning of normalized Sino-US relations.
By 1982, China had given 23 pandas to nine different countries. However, most of them have died mainly because they don’t have enough to eat. Adult giant pandas consume about 40 kilograms of fresh bamboo daily. It takes 10 years for a new crop of bamboo to mature, and many countries do not have an environment suitable for bamboo growth.
In acknowledgement of the decline in panda numbers, the Chinese government stopped giving them as gifts. Instead the animals were “loaned”, usually via renewable 10-year rental terms. If a foreign zoo wants to rent a panda, it must first draw up a feasible research program that will help panda conservation. China also banned any form of overseas panda tours for private profit.
The nature of panda exchanges since then has changed into an exercise focused on protecting the species through collaborative research. The government is hoping that cooperation between Chinese and foreign scientists can develop new ways of saving the panda and the entire $1 million annual rental fee goes toward protection and research.
Countries are trying their best to facilitate this special type of diplomacy. “We don’t own the pandas, but the whole world wants to help save the panda, and we do that through our knowledge exchange. The concern for the vulnerable animal unites all citizens regardless of nationality, class or political persuasion.” Steven Monfort, director of the Smithsonian’s National Zoo, told China Daily.
72．Why is Xiao Qi Ji, the giant panda cub’s birth so inspiring?
______________________________________________________
73．What may cause the death of pandas in other countries?
______________________________________________________
74．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Pandas were loaned to other countries to make profit and boost domestic economy.
______________________________________________________
75．Apart from pandas, what else can be a cultural ambassador representing China? Name one and explain how it may help China improve international relations. (about 40 words)
______________________________________________________

阅读下面短文，按照要求完成阅读任务。
A self-service flower shop operated by a college student in Beijing is attracting many young customers, Chinese media reported.
Different from traditional shops in the capital, the young storekeeper surnamed Wang opened the first self-service flower shop where people can select flowers and pay via mobile payment systems including Wechat and Alipay.
Born after 2000 and a lover of literature, the young man said “he begins the startup (创业) because it will not take up his time”. “Besides, people can go to flower shops at any time,” he added. “I cannot focus on reading when I have to serve customers.” So Wang opened the self-service flower shop after doing market research.
Most young customers like shopping in a free environment, and hate promotion (推销) from clerks, he explained, adding that customers can have their questions answered about the names of flowers through mobile apps.
Even though there is no shopkeeper, the operation has attracted many young customers and proved to be a success, at least for now.
Although he does not sell flowers in the shop in person, Wang said he would go to the shop at odd intervals to take care of the flowers though he couldn’t afford it full time.
“It is a business with a little money, and it can’t cause a huge loss if a burglary (偷盗) happens,” he said, adding that he trusts people.
76．How do people pay for flowers? (no more than 8 words)
________________
77．Why does Wang open the self-service flower shop? (no more than 20 words)
________________
78．How can customers have their questions answered about flowers? (no more than 10 words)
________________
79．What does the underlined phrase “at odd intervals” most probably mean? (no more than 4 words)
________________
80．What do you think of the self-service flower shop? Tell your reasons. (no more than 25 words)
________________

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
One of the basic expectations the public have of doctors is honesty. But what would you think if I told you that research has shown that 70 percent of doctors admitted to lying to their patients? It is inexcusable, surely? Extremely unprofessional and uncaring; a clear break of the doctor-patient relationship. Some of the lies told included reassuring patients that their wives or husbands were still alive, when in fact they were dead. This seems unimaginable but, if I am honest, I have told exactly the same lie to several patients whose spouses had died. Mrs. Walton was in her eighties and desperate to see her husband. She’d been in hospital after a fall and was in pain. She called out for him frequently and couldn’t understand why he wasn’t there to comfort her. She was becoming more and more distressed and would try to get up to find him, despite being at risk of falling again.
“He’s on his way, don’t worry,” the nurses would say and this would calm her down. I confess I said the same thing to her. She’d smile and roll her eyes and say how he was always late for things and tell the same story about him being late for their wedding nearly 60 years ago. But he wasn’t on his way. It was a lie. He’d died two years ago. The truth, if I can use that word, is that it is a kindness to lie sometimes.
Part of the natural history of many of the dementias, in particular Alzheimer’s disease which is what Mrs. Walton had, is that the sufferer loses their short-term memory and the memory of recent events, but retains memories from the distant past. Sufferers are trapped forever in a bewildering past that many realise bares little connection to the present, but are at a loss to explain. It is very distressing and tormenting and many of the behavioural difficulties that I have encountered in those with dementia relate to them feeling upset, scared and confused that they are in a strange place, surrounded by strange people, even when they are in their own homes surrounded by their family, because they have returned back to decades ago.
They look at their adult children confused and wonder who they could be because they think their children are still toddlers. How does one deal with this? I have had countless families break down in tears in outpatient clinics or on wards, not knowing what to say or how to react as their loved one moves further and further away from them back into their distant past and they are left behind in the present. And how, as the doctor or nurse caring for these patients, does one manage the anger and outbursts of distress that comes with having no knowledge of your life for the past 10 or 20 years? The lies that doctors, nurses, carers and families tell these patients are not big, elaborate lies — they are brief reassurances intended to calm and allow the subject to be swiftly changed.
Colluding (串通) with them about this false reality they find themselves flung into is not heartless or unprofessional — it is, when done in the right way, kind and tender-hearted. That’s not to say that lying to patients with dementia unnecessarily is right or defensible or that there are not times when of course they have the right to know the truth. But what compassionate person would put another human being through the unimaginable pain of learning, for the first time again and again, repeatedly throughout the day, that their beloved one has died. It would be an unthinkable cruelness.
Sometimes, surely, honesty is simply not the best policy.
81．Write a title for this article.
82．Why do people with dementia feel upset, scared, and confused even when they are in their own homes surrounded by their family?
83．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The public expect doctors to be honest with their patients and the author also believes that it is heartless and unprofessional to lie to patients.
84．The author says sometimes, surely, honesty is simply not the best policy. Do you agree or disagree? Why? (In about 40 words)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Is it possible to improve your brain function? The answer is “yes”.
Information in your brain is collected, stored and recalled by neural pathways. These pathways are responsible for your abilities to solve problems, remember familiar faces and tasks, without paying a ton of efforts. Millions of these neural pathways begin developing from the time when you are growing into a baby. To keep our memory healthy, we need to create new pathways continually.
As we age, our lifestyles often change, stopping those pathways from being developed. Two frequent changes are a decrease in exercise and less attention to our diet, which have a negative effect on our brain and memory. Our brain requires consistent stimulation, regardless of our age, and looking for ways to excite the production of new pathways is critical. Just like your physical muscles need to be used in different ways to make them stronger, our brain needs change to help challenge its abilities.
One simple way to stimulate the production of new pathways is trying something new.
Challenge your brain with puzzles, a new language or learning how to play an instrument. Anything different and new can stimulate your brain and memory. The best activities are the ones outside of your comfort zone. They push you as you develop new neural pathways. The effort involved in learning and committing to memory a new skill, with new terms and language, is a great way to exercise your brain.
Another way to stimulate the production of new pathways is doing exercise. When you exercise your body, you are also working out your mind, because regular activity helps to improve the chemicals in your brain and to protect brain cells.
85．According to the passage, what can negatively affect our brain and memory?
86．Why are the best activities the ones outside of your comfort zone?
87．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The two ways mentioned in the passage to help create new pathways are trying something new and exercising your brain by challenging your brain with different tasks.
88． What else can you do to improve your brain function? (In about 40 words)










参考答案：
1．The woman is a loving and dutiful daughter. 2．Because there are too many good memories. 3．Relieved 4．That her bothers and sisters want to share the duty of caring their mother. 5．言之有理即可，参考答案we should be a loving and dutiful daughter/son who ensures our parents can spend the rest of their life in a nice way.

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者作为女儿照料年迈的母亲，让她有尊严地度过晚年的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“There I saw a woman of my age with a concerned look on her face helping her elderly father slowly make his way to the men’s room with his walker.She seemed like a loving,dutiful daughter dealing with the role reversal(逆转)that comes with age—those moments when it feels like you’re talking care of your parents,instead of being taken care of by your parents.(在那里，我看到一个和我同龄的女人，脸上带着担忧的表情，帮助年迈的父亲带着助行器慢慢走向男厕所。她看起来像一个可爱的、尽职尽责的女儿，正在处理随着年龄的增长而来的角色转换——那些感觉你在谈论照顾你的父母，而不是被父母照顾的时刻。)”可知，作者认为和她年龄相仿的这个女人是一个有责任心和爱心的女儿。故答案为The woman is a loving and dutiful daughter.
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Now mom is living alone, in the same house in Virginia where my elder sister,my younger brother and I grew up. The house is full of 55 years’ memories about my mom and my dad.(现在妈妈一个人住在弗吉尼亚州我姐姐、弟弟和我长大的那个房子里。房子里充满了55年来关于我妈妈和我爸爸的回忆。)”可知，由于房子里有很多过去的美好记忆，所以作者的母亲不愿意离开。故答案为Because there are too many good memories.
3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“What about the hours of loneliness that can’t be alleviated with a phone call? I am lucky that my brothers and sisters and I are in regular communication and we all want to do our part.(那几个小时的孤独不能通过一个电话来____呢？我很幸运，我和我的兄弟姐妹经常沟通，我们都想尽自己的一份力。)”可知，这里应讲一个电话不能“缓解”孤独的时间，所以alleviated应为“缓解”。故答案为Relieved.
4．细节理解题。根据第四段中“I am lucky that my brothers and sisters and I are in regular communication and we all want to do our part.(我很幸运，我的兄弟姐妹和我经常沟通，我们都想尽自己的一份力。)”可知，作者认为他很幸运是因为兄弟姐妹帮助她分担照顾妈妈的责任。故答案为That her brothers and sisters want to share the duty of caring for their mother.
5．开放性试题。通读全文可知，作者是一个有爱心、有责任心的人，照顾妈妈晚年生活的女儿，所以我们也应该做这样的子女。故答案可为we should be a loving and dutiful daughter/son who ensures our parents can spend the rest of their life in a nice way.
6．Because we don’t understand how to respond constructively to anxiety. 7．It prompts one’s mind and body into action and it helps him/her to stay sharp and focused in the interview, prepared to pursue his/her goals. 8．Research has shown that dopamine soars when an experience is pleasurable, but it is in lower levels when we are anxious.
Because dopamine is in higher levels when we are anxious. 9．版本一：We should develop a good mindset about this misunderstood emotion and try to use it in the right way in our daily life, which can help us get rid of it gradually.版本二： I’m usually anxious about the tons of work ahead. To deal with it, I make a checklist of the tasks in order of priority. Whenever I finish one, I’ll tick it off. In this way, anxiety pushes me forward and I translate it into productivity.


【导语】本文是篇说明文。焦虑已成为现在社会普遍存在的一种现象，人们将它视为糟糕的情绪。文章讲述了焦虑形成的原因、优缺点及如何应对焦虑的方法。
6．考查细节理解。根据第二段“The problem is that we don’t understand how to respond constructively to anxiety. That’s why it’s increasingly hard to know how to feel good. ”（问题是我们不知道如何建设性地应对焦虑。这就是为什么越来越难知道如何感觉良好。）可知，我们越来越不知道怎样感到快乐的原因是我们不知道如何建设性地去应对焦虑。故答案为：Because we don’t understand how to respond constructively to anxiety.
7．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Anxiety prompts your mind and body into action. Your worries force you to prepare thoroughly for the interview, while your heart races and pumps blood to your brain so that you stay sharp and focused, prepared to pursue your goals.”（焦虑促使你的思想和身体付诸行动。你的担忧迫使你为面试做了充分的准备，你会心跳加速、大脑充血，这样你就会保持敏锐和专注，为达成目标做好充分准备。）可知，焦虑会促使人的思想和身体付诸行动，帮助他/她在面试中保持敏锐和专注、实现目标。故答案为：It prompts one’s mind and body into action and it helps him/her to stay sharp and focused in the interview, prepared to pursue his/her goals.
8．考查细节理解。根据第五段“Research has also shown something that many scientists didn’t expect: higher levels of dopamine (多巴胺) when we’re anxious.”（研究也显示了某些科学家们没想到的结果：当我们焦虑时，多巴胺水平更高。）可知，“but it is in lower levels when we are anxious”这一部分是错误的，按题目要求划线；原因就是根据文章的描述，研究所得结果是：当我们焦虑时，多巴胺水平更高。故答案为：Research has shown that dopamine soars when an experience is pleasurable, but it is in lower levels when we are anxious. Because dopamine is in higher levels when we are anxious.
9．考查开放答题。根据最后一段“We have come to believe that the best way to cope is to get rid of it. ”（我们要相信最后的应对办法就是摆脱它。）和“We need to develop a new mindset about this misunderstood emotion.”（我们需要对这种让人误解的情绪有一个新的心态。）及“We don’t need to like anxiety—just to use it in the right way.”（我们不需要喜欢焦虑——只是用正确的方式使用它。）可以推测，在日常生活中，我们应该有一个良好的心态来看待焦虑，正确使用它，争取逐渐摆脱它。故答案为：We should develop a good mindset about this misunderstood emotion and try to use it in the right way in our daily life, which can help us get rid of it gradually.
10．Using land and water and resulting in greenhouse emission. 11．Reducing meat intake. 12．Diets like vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian and the like are considered more environmentally sustainable and healthier due to the absence of red meat. Because the more sustainable diets were generally considered slightly healthier but not healthier due to increased vegetable and fruit and reduced red and processed meat consumption. 13．We should have the save-energy consciousness and do something that we can, for instance using the bus rather than the car when you go out, re-using the things that can be recycled, reducing the use of plastic bags and so on.


【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了我们的食物选择为什么会影响环境。
10．考查细节理解。根据第一段的第二句话“In addition to using land and water, food production results in greenhouse gas emissions—from the fossil fuels burned to run tractors and harvesters, for example, and from the gases released when cow manure decomposes(粪便分解) and from when cows burp and fart(打嗝和放屁). （除了使用土地和水之外，粮食生产还会产生温室气体排放——例如，拖拉机和收割机燃烧的化石燃料、牛粪分解时释放的气体以及奶牛打嗝和放屁时释放的气体）”可知，粮食生产对环境的影响主要包括使用土地和水以及产生温室气体排放。故答案为Using land and water and resulting in greenhouse emission.
11．考查细节理解。根据第四段的第一句话“Overall, our review found that reducing meat intake generally resulted in less greenhouse gas emissions, less land use, and less water use.（总的来说，我们的研究发现，减少肉类摄入量通常会减少温室气体排放，减少土地使用和水的使用）”可知，减少肉类摄入量就会减少对环境的影响。故答案为Reducing meat intake.
12．考查细节理解。根据第五段的句子“The more sustainable diets were generally considered slightly healthier due to increased vegetable and fruit and reduced red and processed meat consumption.（由于蔬菜和水果的增加以及红肉和加工肉类消费的减少，更可持续的饮食通常被认为稍微健康一些。）”可知，纯素、素食、鱼素等饮食只是略微健康，而不是更健康。故答案为Diets like vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian and the like are considered more environmentally sustainable and healthier due to the absence of red meat. Because the more sustainable diets were generally considered slightly healthier but not healthier due to increased vegetable and fruit and reduced red and processed meat consumption.
13．本题是一道开放题，言之有理即可。该问题主语涉及到在生活中我们能做些什么使我们的生活更环保? 根据生活常识，生活中我们可以做很多事来实现环保行为。例如外出时使用公共汽车而不是汽车，重复使用可以回收的东西，减少使用塑料袋等等。故答案为：We should have the save-energy consciousness and do something that we can, for instance using the bus rather than the car when you go out, re-using the things that can be recycled, reducing the use of plastic bags and so on.
14．To see local wildlife.
Or: To get close to local wildlife. 15．Students, their parents, and teachers themselves, or they raise money to get builders’ help. 16．Strong needs. 17．Roy Austin brought the pleasure of reading to Africa. 18．He is caring and helpful. He understood that the local people in rural Kenya lived a hard life and managed to help them out.

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Roy Austin去非洲旅行时发现了肯尼亚乡村的孩子们缺少基本的学习用品，于是他成立了Libraries for Kids International去帮助这些孩子，送去图书。
14．考查推理判断。根据第一段中“All he wanted to do was get close to some African wildlife.(他想做的就是接近一些非洲野生动物)”可知，Roy去非洲的最初目的是看野生动植物。故答案为To see local wildlife。
15．考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中“In rural Kenya, school buildings are not built by the government. Students, their parents, and teachers find materials and build the schools themselves, or they have to raise money to get builders’ help. (在肯尼亚农村，学校建筑不是由政府建造的。学生、他们的父母和老师自己寻找材料建造学校，或者他们必须筹集资金获得建筑商的帮助)”可知，肯尼亚的学校由政府、学生以及他们的父母、老师以及通过筹集资金获得建筑商的帮助来建造的。故答案为Students, their parents, and teachers themselves, or they raise money to get builders’ help。
16．考查词意猜测。根据倒数第三段中“The students and teachers of the schools very much wanted a library or at least some books to read.(学校的学生和老师都非常想要一个图书馆，或者至少有一些书可以读)”以及划线词后面的内容“for something as seemingly “basic” as books to read still worried Roy. (像要读的书这样看似“基本”的事情仍然让罗伊担心)”可知，肯尼亚的学生们对于像要读的书这样看似“基本”的事情是非常渴望的，因此可以猜测肯尼亚的学生对于读书有着强烈的需求。故划线词yearning与strong needs为同义词，意为“强烈的需求”。故答案为Strong needs。
17．考查主旨大意。通读全文。文章讲述了Roy Austin去非洲旅行时发现了肯尼亚乡村的孩子们缺少基本的学习用品，于是他成立了Libraries for Kids International去帮助这些孩子，送去图书。故答案为Roy Austin brought the pleasure of reading to Africa。
18．考查推理判断。根据第三段中“He was deeply touched by their positive attitude, even though it was hard for them to get books and other school supplies.(尽管他们很难买到书和其他学习用品，但他们积极的态度深深打动了他)”以及根据倒数第二段“He decided to do whatever he could to help these children. So he started the organization Libraries for Kids International.(他决定尽他所能去帮助这些孩子。所以他成立了国际儿童图书馆组织)”以及最后一段中“Since it was started, Roy has shipped over 11,000 books to 11 schools in African countries, including Kenya and Tanzania.(自创办以来，罗伊已经向包括肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚在内的11所非洲国家的学校运送了1.1万多本书)”可知，Roy了解肯尼亚农村的当地人生活艰难，并设法帮助他们摆脱困境，所以他是非常善良的和愿意帮助人的。故答案为He is caring and helpful. He understood that the local people in rural Kenya lived a hard life and managed to help them out。
19．Sugar. 20．Because we can have energy stored for when there is no food. 21．The sugar enters our blood and affects parts of our brain that make us feel good, so we should eat more in daily life.
Because most people have more than enough sugar that may be killing us. Besides, sugar is one of the culprits of high blood pressure 22．I fight against sugar by replacing sugary desserts with healthier food like fruit and vegetables. I also grow my own food in gardens and keep exercising to maintain my sugar level in normal.

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多科学家认为我们对糖的热爱实际上可能是一种上瘾，糖能够补充人体的能量，但同时也会引发一些疾病。
19．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“One-third of adults worldwide have high blood pressure, and up to 347 million have diabetes. Why? “Sugar, we believe is one of the culprits, if not the major reason,” says Johnson.(全世界有三分之一的成年人患有高血压，多达3.47亿人患有糖尿病。为什么？“我们认为，糖是罪魁祸首之一，如果不是主要原因的话，”约翰逊说)”可知，糖是高血压的原因之一。故答案为Sugar.
20．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Early humans often had very little food, so our bodies learned to be very efficient in storing sugar as fat. In this way, we had energy stored for when there was no food (早期人类的食物通常很少，所以我们的身体学会了以脂肪的形式有效地储存糖分。这样，我们就储存了能量，以备没有食物时使用)”可知，我们的身体学会将糖储存为脂肪，因为我们可以在没有食物的情况下储存能量。故答案为Because we can have energy stored for when there is no food.
21．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“In this way, it is in fact an addictive drug, one that doctors suggest we all cut down on.(这样看来，它实际上是一种上瘾的药物，医生建议我们都要减少使用)”以及第三段“But today, most people have more than enough. So the very thing that once saved us may now be killing us. (但今天，大多数人拥有的已经绰绰有余了。所以，曾经拯救我们的东西现在可能正在杀死我们)”可知，我们不应该在日常生活中多吃糖。故答案为The sugar enters our blood and affects parts of our brain that make us feel good, so we should eat more in daily life. Because most people have more than enough sugar that may be killing us. Besides, sugar is one of the culprits of high blood pressure.
22．开放性试题。根据文章最后一段“Many schools are replacing sugary desserts with healthier food like fruit. Other schools are growing their own food in gardens, or building facilities (设施) like walking tracks so students and others in the community can exercise.(许多学校正在用水果等更健康的食物取代含糖甜点。其他学校在菜园里种植自己的食物，或者建造像步道这样的设施，让学生和社区里的其他人可以锻炼身体)”可知，在日常生活中对抗糖，应该多吃蔬菜和水果 ，以及加强锻炼。故答案为I fight against sugar by replacing sugary desserts with healthier food like fruit and vegetables. I also grow my own food in gardens and keep exercising to keep my sugar level in normal.
23．Because they wanted to ease him into learning with family care and better prepare him for further education. 24．He had doubts about himself at first, but then buried his head in his books. 25．Yuan spent his spare time in his first term working hard in the computer room because he wanted to develop his ideas and get patents.
Yuan spent his spare time in his first term working hard in the computer room because he wanted to catch up with the class.
26．Optimism must be ranked number one among Yuan’s qualities. Because it can bring us mental power. If we aren’t optimistic, we couldn’t move on in our life confronting failures, miseries or sufferings. It is optimism that enables us to regain confidence, courage and hope. (44 words)

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了独臂博士袁鑫通过学习改变命运的励志故事。
23．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“His parents didn’t send him to kindergarten but kept him home. The idea was to ease him into learning with family care and better prepare him for further education.(他的父母没有送他上幼儿园，而是让他呆在家里。这样做的目的是让他在家人的照顾下轻松地学习，更好地为进一步的教育做准备。)”可知，袁鑫的父母把他留在家里而不是送他去幼儿园，因为他们想让他在家人的照顾下轻松地学习，更好地为进一步的教育做准备。故答案是Because they wanted to ease him into learning with family care and better prepare him for further education.
24．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段““I had doubts about myself then, but my parents told me to dismiss unfriendly noises and focus on learning,” he says. He buried his head in his books and, as a result, his academic performance stood out.(“当时我对自己也有过怀疑，但父母告诉我，不要理会不友好的噪音，专心学习。”他埋头读书，结果他的学习成绩很突出。)”可知，面对同学们的不友好，他起初怀疑自己，但后来埋头读书了。故答案是He had doubts about himself at first, but then buried his head in his books.
25．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“To catch up with the class, for the first term, Yuan spent his spare time studying and practicing in the computer room of the school library.(为了跟上进度，第一学期，袁鑫利用业余时间在学校图书馆的电脑室里学习和练习。)”可知，袁鑫在第一学期的业余时间都在电脑室努力学习和练习，因为他想赶上课程进度。故答案是Yuan spent his spare time in his first term working hard in the computer room because he wanted to develop his ideas and get patents. Yuan spent his spare time in his first term working hard in the computer room because he wanted to catch up with the class.
26．考查开放性试题。本题为开放性试题，言之有理即可。故答案是Optimism must be ranked number one among Yuan’s qualities. Because it can bring us mental power. If we aren’t optimistic, we couldn’t move on in our life confronting failures, miseries or sufferings. It is optimism that enables us to regain confidence, courage and hope. (44 words)（仅供参考）
27．Americans had little interest in history painting. 28．Creative/Clever/Original/Inventive. 29．How Morse got the idea for his invention. 30．In order of time. 31．To achieve success in a field, one must work hard and have interest in it.

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了享有盛誉的美国画家、电报之父——塞缪尔·莫尔斯。
27．考查细节理解。由第二段中的“But there was hardly any demand in the United Stated for history painting, and he unwillingly started to support himself by painting portraits. (但在美国几乎没有任何历史绘画的需求，他不情愿地开始通过画肖像画来养活自己)”可知，莫尔斯1815年从欧洲回来后发现美国人对历史绘画几乎没有兴趣，故答案为：Americans had little interest in history painting.
28．考查词句猜测。由第五段中的“Morse had an fertile mind but little knowledge of electricity. He did years of work and study to perfect his invention. In 1837 he applied for a patent on The American Electromagnetic Telegraph. (莫尔斯有一个fertile头脑，但对电知之甚少。他做了多年的工作和研究来完善他的发明。1837年，他申请了《美国电磁电报》的专利)”和最后一段中的“In May 1844 the first message was flashed over this wire. (1844年5月，第一条消息在这条电线上闪现。)”可知，从画家转型为发明家，最后发明成功了，可得出他是一个聪明、有创造精神的人，画线单词意为“聪明的、有创造力的”，故答案为：Creative/Clever/Original/Inventive.
29．考查主旨大意。由第三段“During a voyage from Europe to America in 1832, Morse met Thomas Jackson, a scientist who had recently attended lectures on electricity in Paris. Conversations with Jackson made the artist believe that an electrical current could be used for communication (1832年，在一次从欧洲到美国的航行中，莫尔斯遇到了科学家托马斯·杰克逊，他最近在巴黎参加了关于电的讲座。与杰克逊的对话使这位艺术家相信电流可以用来交流)”可知，第三段主要讲莫尔斯是如何想到他的发明构思的，故答案为：How Morse got the idea for his invention.
30．考查推理判断。由第一段中的“Samuel Morse was 20 when he wrote this sentence in a letter to his mother in 1811. (1811年，20岁的塞缪尔·莫尔斯在给母亲的信中写下这句话)”，第二段中的“Samuel returned in 1815 to work on history painting much admired in Europe. (塞缪尔于1815年回国，从事在欧洲备受推崇的历史绘画)”，第三段中的“During a voyage from Europe to America in 1832, Morse met Thomas Jackson, a scientist who had recently attended lectures on electricity in Paris. (1832年，在一次从欧洲到美国的航行中，莫尔斯遇到了科学家托马斯·杰克逊，他最近在巴黎参加了关于电的讲座)”，第五段中的“In 1837 he applied for a patent on The American Electromagnetic Telegraph. Finally, in 1843 the United States Congress provided 30,000 to build a line from Washington to Baltimore. (1837年，他申请了《美国电磁电报》的专利。最后，1843年，美国国会拨款30000英镑修建从华盛顿到巴尔的摩的电线)”和最后一段中的“In May 1844 the first message was flashed over this wire. (1844年5月，第一条消息在这条电线上闪现。)”可知，作者按照时间的先后顺序叙述本文，故答案为：In order of time.
31．考查开放答题。考生可根据塞缪尔·莫尔斯的生活经历合理发表见解，如：要在一个领域取得成功，必须努力工作并对其感兴趣，故答案为：To achieve success in a field, one must work hard and have interest in it.
32．His learning disability. 33．Because he could be smart and express himself with clay.
34．Being able to read and write. 35．We should not give up in face of difficulties. If we work hard, we will find a way out.

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己面对学习障碍永不放弃，通过艺术、爬山等训练，终于能够阅读和写作的故事。故事启发我们，不应该在困难面前放弃。如果我们努力了，就会找到出路。
32．考查细节理解。根据第一段“I had a learning disability from an early age.”（我从小就有学习障碍）可知，作者的学习障碍使他的学生生活变得困难。故回答为：His learning disability.
33．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Here I learned my first important lesson: disabled as I was in language, I could still be smart and well express myself with clay. And my confidence came along.”（在这里，我学到了重要的一课：虽然我在语言上有残疾，但我仍然可以很聪明，用粘土很好地表达自己。我的信心也随之而来）可知，因为通过学习作者可以很聪明并且用粘土艺术表达自己。故回答为：Because he could be smart and express himself with clay.
34．考查词句猜测。根据倒数第二段“Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible.”（每天我都练习阅读和写作，我过去尽量避免阅读和写作）可知，经过两年艰苦的生活，我终于能够读和写了。由此猜测，划线部分意为“可以读写”。故回答为：Being able to read and write.
35．开放性试题。根据最后一段“Having gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, and reading and writing, now I’ve got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.”（在经历了艺术、攀岩、阅读和写作的漫长过程之后，现在我已经到了人生的一个阶段，我知道我足够聪明，可以潜入一个完全未知、艰难但有趣的领域）可知，本文讲述了作者面对学习障碍永不放弃的故事，故事启发我们，不应该在困难面前放弃。如果我们努力了，就会找到出路。故回答为：We should not give up in face of difficulties. If we work hard, we will find a way out.
36．Addiction./Passion./Enthusiasm./Habit. 37．The author picked up a ring and tried his/her best to find the owner. 38．Because of his/her poor eyesight. 39．The help of a gentleman in a Cartier store. 40．He/She is kind-hearted and honest. Because he/she spared no effort to find the owner.

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者意外捡到了一枚卡地亚戒指，在不懈努力下找到了失主并归还。
36．考查词句猜测。根据第一段第的“I love finding unexpected treasures—the habit likely goes back to my childhood. (我喜欢发现意想不到的宝藏——这个习惯可能可以追溯到我的童年)”可知，此处是指作者至今在遛狗时也会成迷于这种喜欢发现意想不到的宝藏这个爱好（习惯），所以obsession可解释为addiction/passion/enthusiasm/habit。故答案为Addiction./Passion./Enthusiasm./Habit.
37．考查主旨大意。根据第二段的“I carefully took out a ring decorated with a Cartier logo.(我小心翼翼地拿出一枚饰有卡地亚标志的戒指)”和“I walked into the local coffee shop nearby to see if anybody had reported lost jewelry. Sadly, they had no news, so I headed home to print up flyers (传单) to post around the neighborhood. I also tried a local Facebook group.(我走进附近一家咖啡店，想看看是否有人报告珠宝丢失。不幸的是，他们没有消息，所以我回家打印传单贴在附近。我还尝试了当地的一个Facebook群组)”可知，第二段主要是讲作者捡到了一个戒指并竭尽全力想找到失主。故答案为The author picked up a ring and tried his/her best to find the owner.
38．考查推理判断。根据第三段的“With far better eyesight, she soon noticed the tiny letters on the inside of the ring(她的视力好得多，很快就注意到戒指内侧的小字母)”可知，作者是因为视力不好所以没看到戒指上的字母。故答案为Because of his/her poor eyesight.
39．考查细节理解。根据第四段的“An understandably confused gentleman listened to my story, went silent for a moment and then stated that the ring was totally untraceable(无迹可寻的). He apologized, and I was about to hang up when he suddenly asked if I had found a name on the ring. I told him just the first name, Omar.(一位善解人意的困惑的绅士听了我的故事，沉默了一会儿，然后说戒指完全无法追踪。他道了歉，我正要挂断电话，他突然问我是否在戒指上找到了一个名字。我只告诉了他名字，Omar)”和最后一段“After nearly a whole year, I finally made it to return my small treasture to Omar and Yoshi.(将近一年后，我终于把我的小宝贝还给了Omar和Yoshi)”可知，卡地亚门店一位绅士帮助作者找到了戒指的失主。故答案为The help of a gentleman in a Cartier store.
40．考查开放性问答。根据文章内容可知，作者在发现一枚卡地亚戒指后一直坚持寻找失主，所以作者是一个热心且诚实的人。故答案为He/She is kind-hearted and honest. Because he/she spared no effort to find the owner.
41．For being the first female winner of the Fields Medal in Mathematics. 42．Helping redefine women’s status in science and especially mathematics. 43．She thought of it as a great joy. 44．Fighting against. 45．My example of pioneer is Tu Youyou. Because of her selfless dedication to scientific research, she has alleviated the suffering and made great contributions to the medical field.

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是2017年7月14日，斯坦福大学数学教授、首位菲尔兹数学奖女性得主玛丽亚姆·米尔扎哈尼去世，享年40岁。文章讲述了这位伟大女数学家的传奇一生和优秀品质。
41．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“On July 14, 2017, Maryam Mirzakhani, Stanford professor of mathematics and the first female winner of the Fields Medal in Mathematics, died at the age of 40.( 2017年7月14日，斯坦福大学数学教授、首位菲尔兹数学奖女性得主玛丽亚姆·米尔扎哈尼去世，享年40岁。)”可知，玛丽亚姆·米尔扎哈尼之所以被当作榜样，是因为她是首位菲尔兹数学奖女性得主。故答案为For being the first female winner of the Fields Medal in Mathematics。
42．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“The news was especially hard-hitting for a generation of younger academics who have always held Maryam as a role model whose example is helping redefine women’s status in science and especially mathematics. (这一消息对年轻一代学者的打击尤其严重，他们一直将玛丽亚姆视为榜样，她的榜样帮助重新定义了女性在科学，尤其是数学领域的地位。)”可知，玛丽亚姆帮助重新定义了女性在科学，特别是数学领域的地位，这使她在认识她的人中脱颖而出。故答案为Helping redefine women’s status in science and especially mathematics。
43．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“However, she found an even greater joy in how rewarding it felt to solve mathematical problems. (然而，她从解决数学问题的成就感中找到了更大的乐趣。)”可知，她认为解决数学问题是一种极大的乐趣。故答案为She thought of it as a great joy。
44．考查词义猜测。根据划线词后面的内容“the breast cancer(乳腺癌)”可知，玛丽亚姆在此时与乳腺癌作斗争。故划线词的意思是“对抗”。故答案为Fighting against。
45．主观开放题。根据题干要求，阐述自己的模范榜样。故答案为My example of pioneer is Tu Youyou. Because of her selfless dedication to scientific research, she has alleviated the suffering and made great contributions to the medical field。
46．The usage of new technologies in teaching. 47．He focused on the differences between writing by hand and on a computer. 48．Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It has no linking with ideas.
According to the passage, it is connected with ideas. 49．With the development of technologies, computers and smart phones are becoming more and more common. People have been accustomed to using them to work and study instead of the basic writing style and spelling skills. Characters is a form of showing our emotion, but sometimes we can’t remember how to write them. I strongly advocate using handwriting more instead of computers help to pass down the charm of Chinese characters.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述的是随着现代科技的发展，书写渐渐被人们所忽视，但是Berninger的研究表明，书写在现代教学中应该占有一席之地，因为拼写能力与写作能力密切相关并且对孩子有更长久的影响,加强拼写有助于学生的发展。
46．考查细节理解。根据第一段“The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smart phones, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful—both in school and in life.(学生无休止地从黑板上抄字母和句子的做法已经成为过去。随着电脑和智能手机等新技术的出现，手写已经成为一种怀旧的技能。然而，尽管今天的教育工作者在教学中使用越来越多的技术，许多人认为基本的书写技能仍然是学生成功的必要条件——无论是在学校还是在生活中。)” 可知，在教学中使用新技术让手写成为历史。故答案为The usage of new technologies in teaching.
47．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks—both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.(Berninger和她的同事进行了一项研究，考查学生完成各种写作任务的能力，包括用电脑和手写。这项发表于2009年的研究发现，当参与者用笔和纸写字时，他们写的文章更长，句子更完整，单词生成速度更快。)”可知Berninger在2009年发表的研究把重点放在手写和用电脑写作之间的区别上。故答案为He focused on the differences between writing by hand and on a computer.
48．考查细节理解。根据第四段第二句“‘Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.’Berninger said.(‘拼写使大脑的一些思考部分变得活跃，这有助于我们获取词汇、单词的含义和概念。它让我们的书面语言与思想联系起来。’Berninger说。)”以及第五段第一句“Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换) “those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. (拼写可以帮助学生首先在脑海中把想法转换成单词，然后再将‘脑海中的单词转换成纸上、键盘上和屏幕上的符号’，研究称。)”可知拼写与思想是有联系的。故答案为Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It has no linking with ideas.
According to the passage, it is connected with ideas.
49．考查个人观点与语言表达。根据第一段第二句“With the coming of new technologies like computers and smart phones, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill.(随着电脑和智能手机等新技术的出现，书写已经成为一种怀旧的技能。)”可知现在人们工作学习中应用电脑、手机越来越常见，运用手写越来越少。根据第四段第二句“‘Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.’Berninger said.(‘拼写使大脑的一些思考部分变得活跃，这有助于我们获取词汇、单词的含义和概念。它让我们的书面语言与思想联系起来。’Berninger说。)”可知书写有助于传达我们思想与文化，而且在想要表达时不会提笔忘字。故答案可表述为With the development of technologies, computers and smart phones are becoming more and more common. People have been accustomed to using them to work and study instead of the basic writing style and spelling skills. Characters is a form of showing our emotion, but sometimes we can’t remember how to write them. I strongly advocate using handwriting more instead of computers help to pass down the charm of Chinese characters.
50．An oil spill. 51．The author felt shocked. 52．Volunteers could save the penguins in the oil’s path because they cleaned the polluted habitat together.
Because if any more birds were oiled, volunteers wouldn’t have enough resources to save the penguins. 53．I think that the rescue was very successful and amazing, because the volunteers completed an impossible task. It not only showed the meaning of “More hands produce a stronger flame”, but also the great power of mankind.

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参与的一次挽救企鹅的志愿者活动。因为燃油的泄露，大量的非洲企鹅被困，命在且夕，志愿者们经过三个多月把它们带到了安全的地方，最后把企鹅放归野外。通过这篇文章，作者告诉我们众人拾柴火焰高，人类的力量是伟大的。
50．考查细节理解。由第一段中的“In the summer of 2016, the ship MV Treasure sunk, creating an oil spill. Thirteen hundred tons of fuel oil were flowing right in the middle of the African Penguins’ habitat. Soon the oil covered about 20,000 penguins. Without swift help, the seabirds would have no chance of survival. (2016年夏天，MV Treasure号沉没，造成漏油。1300吨的燃油正流向非洲企鹅栖息地的中央。很快，石油覆盖了大约20000只企鹅。没有迅速的帮助，企鹅就没有生存的机会)”可知，由于石油泄露，非洲企鹅处于危险之中。故答案为：An oil spill.
51．考查推理判断。由第二段中的“When walking into the center, I couldn’t believe my ears. I had expected to walk into a chorus of honking and squawking (尖声叫). Instead, the center sounded like a library. The penguins were dead silent. My heart ached for the painful birds. (当我走进中心时，我简直不敢相信自己的耳朵。我本以为会进入鸣叫和吵闹声的大合唱。相反，这个中心听起来像一个图书馆。企鹅们鸦雀无声。我的心为那些痛苦的企鹅而痛)”可知，当作者走进救援中心时，作者原以为会听到企鹅的叫声，然而它们却鸦雀无声，作者感到震惊。故答案为：The author felt shocked.
52．考查细节理解。由第三段中的“While volunteers were busy bathing the oiled penguins, another crisis was developing. Oil from the spill had started moving north. Tens of thousands of penguins were in the oil’s path. (当志愿者们忙于给沾满油污的企鹅洗澡时，另一场危机正在发生。泄漏的石油开始向北移动。数以万计的企鹅在石油的路径上)”和If any more birds were oiled, we wouldn’t have enough resources to save them. (如果有更多的企鹅被石油污染，我们就没有足够的资源来拯救它们)”可知，如果有更多的企鹅被石油污染，志愿者们无法拯救油路上的所有企鹅，“could save”错误。故答案为：Volunteers could save the penguins in the oil’s path because they cleaned the polluted habitat together. Because if any more birds were oiled, volunteers wouldn’t have enough resources to save the penguins.
53．考查开放答题。考生结合文本，合理发表自己观点，如：我认为这次救援非常成功和令人惊叹，因为志愿者们完成了一项不可能完成的任务。它不仅显示了“众人拾柴火焰高”的含义，也显示了人类的强大力量。故答案为：I think that the rescue was very successful and amazing, because the volunteers completed an impossible task. It not only showed the meaning of “More hands produce a stronger flame”, but also the great power of mankind.
54．Because she got fed up with too much paperwork and travelling.
Or: Because it involved too much paperwork and a lot of travelling.
Or: Because she was tired of too much paperwork and travelling. 55．were scheduled/intended/meant/certain for. 56．Her volunteer experience and her friend’s encouragement. 57．She earns less but works more happily than before.
Or: She earns less but becomes richer in many ways. 58．I will choose a job that is related to my interest because the love for job brings the real happiness.

【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己从律师改变为老师的职业经历说明找工作应该和兴趣有关，做自己热爱的工作，会给自己带来真正的快乐。
54．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In fact, I’d grown to hate my job. It involved too much paperwork and loads of traveling, which I thought was fairly exhausting. (事实上，我开始讨厌我的工作了。它涉及太多的文书工作和大量的旅行，我认为这是相当累的。)”可知，作者之所以讨厌自己的工作是因为她厌倦了太多的文书工作和旅行。故答案为Because she got fed up with too much paperwork and travelling. Or: Because it involved too much paperwork and a lot of travelling. Or: Because she was tired of too much paperwork and travelling.
55．词句猜测题。划线词句后文“That was the track I was on. (那是我当时的轨迹。)”说明那是作者当时设计好了的未来，从而推知划线词句“I loved my school but it was competitive and students were destined for a good university, and then a graduate plan. (我喜欢我的学校，但它竞争激烈，学生们were destined for要上好大学，然后是研究生计划。)”其中划线短语应为“设计好的，设定的，预期的”的意思。故答案为Were scheduled/intended/meant/certain for.
56．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The last time I’d been happy was when I was volunteering at a school. Because of that, my friend Sophia kept telling me I’d love teaching. Then I contacted four schools and became a teacher in the end. (我上一次开心是在学校做志愿者的时候。正因为如此，我的朋友索菲亚一直告诉我，我会喜欢教书。然后我联系了四所学校，最后成为了一名老师。)”可知，是作者志愿者的经历和朋友的鼓励使她成为一名老师。故答案为Her volunteer experience and her friend’s encouragement.
57．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Watching my students develop is so rewarding and results day makes me burst with pride. I used to feel scared about the thought of becoming a more senior lawyer, but I’m so positive about the opportunities teaching can offer. I earn less now but I become richer in many ways.(看着我的学生成长是如此有意义，一天的结果让我充满了骄傲。我过去一想到要成为一名更资深的律师就感到害怕，但我对教学所能提供的机会非常乐观。我现在挣得少了，但在很多方面我变得更富有了。)”可知，作者成为老师之后，挣得钱少了，但是比以前更加快乐，精神更富有。故答案为She earns less but works more happily than before. Or: She earns less but becomes richer in many ways.
58．阅读表达题。通读全文可知，作者通过自己从律师改变为教师的职业经历说明了找工作应该和兴趣有关，做自己热爱的工作，会给自己带来真正的幸福和快乐，所以我会选择一个与我的兴趣相关的工作，因为对工作的热爱能带来真正的幸福。故答案为I will choose a job that is related to my interest because the love for job brings the real happiness.
59．Duty. 60．About ten years after her retirement. 61．In a poor neighborhood in New York. 62．Because the campers gave a good final performance. 63．She is a responsible woman full of love. She started a camp to help kids in poor areas.

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Aesha Ash是一名非裔美国芭蕾舞演员，非常热爱芭蕾舞，退休十年后，决定以一种全新的方式重新回到芭蕾舞界。她发起了“天鹅梦计划”，帮助贫困地区的孩子们进入芭蕾舞的世界。
59．词义猜测题。根据下文“because she was often the only African American ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员) in her classes and company.( 因为她经常是班里和舞团中唯一的非裔美国芭蕾舞演员)”前后两句为因果关系，所以可推断上文意思是她发现自己责任重，有压力，故猜测“responsibility”意为“责任，职责”。故答案为Duty.。
60．细节理解题。根据第二段“After retiring (退休) from ballet in 2007, Aesha enjoyed the quiet life for more than ten years before she decided to come back to ballet, but in a completely new way. She started The Swan Dreams Project that helps kids in poor areas get into the world of ballet. ( 2007年从芭蕾舞界退休后，Aesha享受了十多年平静的生活，之后她决定以一种全新的方式重新回到芭蕾舞界。她发起了“天鹅梦计划”，帮助贫困地区的孩子们进入芭蕾舞的世界)”由此可知，是在她退休十年后发起的这个计划、故答案为About ten years after her retirement.。
61．细节理解题。根据第四段“Her first camp was in 2018 in a poor neighborhood in New York. (她的第一个营地是2018年在纽约的一个贫困社区)”由此可知，她的第一个营地是在纽约的一个贫困社区。故答案为In a poor neighborhood in New York.。
62．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Much to her surprise, it turned out to be perfect. She said, “When we went out to our first circle and the kids began counting in French and performing the steps they had just learned, my heart melted.” (令她大为惊讶的是，它竟然是完美的。她说:“当我们第一次出去玩时，孩子们开始用法语数数，并表演他们刚刚学会的舞步时，我的心都融化了。”)”由此可知，Aesha在第一个营地的最后一天感到惊讶是因为她担心的并没有出现，露营者们最后给了她一个完美的演出。故答案为Because the campers gave a good final performance.。
63．推理判断题。根据第一段“As much as she loved to dance, she found the weight of her responsibility heavy because she was often the only African American ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员) in her classes and company.(尽管她很喜欢跳舞，但她发现自己责任的重量很重，因为她经常是班里和舞团中唯一的非裔美国芭蕾舞演员)”和第二段“After retiring (退休) from ballet in 2007, Aesha enjoyed the quiet life for more than ten years before she decided to come back to ballet, but in a completely new way. She started The Swan Dreams Project that helps kids in poor areas get into the world of ballet. ( 2007年从芭蕾舞界退休后，Aesha享受了十多年平静的生活，之后她决定以一种全新的方式重新回到芭蕾舞界。她发起了“天鹅梦计划”，帮助贫困地区的孩子们进入芭蕾舞的世界)”可推断出Aesha是一个有责任感的充满爱心的人。她发起了“天鹅梦计划”，帮助贫困地区的孩子们进入芭蕾舞的世界也证明了这一点。故答案为She is a responsible woman full of love. She started a camp to help kids in poor areas.。
64．The natural reaction when one gets criticized is to feel bad about it or defend oneself. 65．Because we prefer to be approved and accepted by others, or at least respected and acknowledged for who we are. 66．Since every criticism is a personal opinion of the critic, it is not helpful for us.
1) According to the passage, every criticism helps us know about us or those who engage in it. (If we understand this truth, we will accept criticism as a blessing and an opportunity to become a better person with better awareness.)
2) According to the passage, a criticism which is based upon true discernment and purity of perception and judgment is helpful. 67．I would respond differently to different criticism. I would take true criticism seriously and take it as a chance to make myself better. However, I would ignore the criticism that is meant to hurt.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于不同的批评我们应该持有的方法。
64．考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“When someone criticizes you, your natural reaction is mostly to feel bad about it or defend yourself. ”（当有人批评你的时候，你的自然反应大多是感觉不好或者为自己辩护。）可知，当有人批评你的时候，人们的自然反应就是感觉不好或者为自己辩护。故答案为The natural reaction when one gets criticized is to feel bad about it or defend oneself.
65．考查细节理解。根据第三段前两句“Yet, we give so much importance to what others say and what they think about us. It is natural because we prefer to be approved and accepted by others, or at least respected and acknowledged for who we are. ”（然而，我们非常重视别人对我们的评价和看法。这是很自然的，因为我们更喜欢被别人认可和接受，或者至少因为我们是谁而被尊重和认可。）可知，我们重视别人对我们的评价和看法是因为我们更喜欢被别人认可和接受，或者至少因为我们是谁而被尊重和认可。故答案为Because we prefer to be approved and accepted by others, or at least respected and acknowledged for who we are.
66．考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段“A criticism which is not based upon true discernment（识别能力）and purity of perception and judgment should not be considered true criticism. You can ignore it or use it to know the people who criticize.”（不是基于真正的洞察力和纯粹的知觉和判断的批评不应被视为真正的批评。你可以忽略它，也可以用它来了解批评你的人。）可知，基于真正的洞察力和纯粹的知觉和判断的批评才可以被视为是真正的批评，这样的批评是有帮助意义的。据此可以判断，所给提示句的后半部分“it is not helpful for us”是错误的，可以更改为“According to the passage, a criticism which is based upon true discernment and purity of perception and judgment is helpful”；最后一段“Every criticism helps you know about you or those who engage in it. Use it to improve yourself or your relationships. If you understand this truth, you will accept criticism as a blessing and an opportunity to become a better person with better awareness.”（每一个批评都会帮助你了解你自己或者那些参与其中的人。用它来改善你自己或你的人际关系。如果你明白这个道理，你就会接受批评作为一种祝福和一个机会，成为一个更好的人与更好的意识。）可知，每个批评都会帮助你了解你自己或者那些参与其中的人，如果你明白这个道理，你就会接受批评作为一种祝福和一个机会，成为一个更好的人与更好的意识。据此可知，所给提示句的后半部分“it is not helpful for us”是错误的，可以更改为“ According to the passage, every criticism helps us know about us or those who engage in it. (If we understand this truth, we will accept criticism as a blessing and an opportunity to become a better person with better awareness.)”，故答案为Since every criticism is a personal opinion of the critic, it is not helpful for us.原因在于：①According to the passage, every criticism helps us know about us or those who engage in it. (If we understand this truth, we will accept criticism as a blessing and an opportunity to become a better person with better awareness.)② According to the passage, a criticism which is based upon true discernment and purity of perception and judgment is helpful.
67．开放题。言之有理即可。根据文章倒数第二段“A criticism which is not based upon true discernment（识别能力）and purity of perception and judgment should not be considered true criticism. You can ignore it or use it to know the people who criticize.”（不是基于真正的洞察力和纯粹的知觉和判断的批评不应被视为真正的批评。你可以忽略它，也可以用它来了解批评你的人。）可知，基于真正的洞察力和纯粹的知觉和判断的批评才可以被视为是真正的批评，这样的批评是有帮助意义的。因此我对不同的批评会有不同的反应。我会认真对待真正的批评，把它当作一个让自己变得更好的机会。然而，我会忽略那些意在伤害我的批评。故答案为I would respond differently to different criticism. I would take true criticism seriously and take it as a chance to make myself better. However, I would ignore the criticism that is meant to hurt.（34）
68．Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school. 69．Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. 70．Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG. 71．I think the quality of perspicacity will be important, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31)


【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。
68．考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料）可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.
69．考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中“Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions ”（汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料）第二句“ From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. ”（从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的Fun Bottle）可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过程中得到启发，才有了Fun Bottle的原始模型。故答案为Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.
70．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).”（但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是Fun Bottle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“all the profits”，应修改为“part of the profits”，故答案为Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
71．开放题，言之有理即可。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料）第二段中““I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.”（“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：I think the quality of perspicacity  im is portant, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31)
72．Because that was a time when inspiration was truly needed and it has been so uplifting to all of us during the pandemic. 73．Not having enough to eat. 74．Pandas were loaned to other countries to make profit and boost domestic economy. The purpose of it was to promote protection and research of pandas. 75．Table tennis. Table tennis is the national sport of China and the friendly exchanges between the Chinese and American table tennis teams have promoted the normalization of the relations between China and the United States.


【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是“熊猫外交”的一些基本情况。
72．考查细节理解。根据第三段的“This cub’s birth proved to be quite inspiring—and at a time when inspiration was truly needed. “Xiao Qi Ji’s birth is a true miracle that has been so uplifting to all of us during the pandemic,” Chinese Ambassador to the US Cui Tiankai said in a video congratulatory message.(这只幼崽的出生被证明是相当鼓舞人心的——当时确实需要鼓舞。中国驻美国大使崔天凯在视频贺词中表示：“小奇迹的出生是一个真正的奇迹，在疫情期间让我们所有人都感到振奋。”)”可知，小奇迹的出生鼓舞人心是因为那是一个真正需要鼓舞的时刻，在大流行期间，它让我们所有人都感到振奋。故答案为Because that was a time when inspiration was truly needed and it has been so uplifting to all of us during the pandemic.
73．考查细节理解。根据第六段的“However, most of them have died mainly because they don’t have enough to eat.(然而，他们中的大多数人死亡主要是因为他们没有足够的食物。)”可知，没有足够的食物可能导致在其他国家的熊猫死亡，故答案为Not having enough to eat.
74．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“The government is hoping that cooperation between Chinese and foreign scientists can develop new ways of saving the panda and the entire $1 million annual rental fee goes toward protection and research.(政府希望中外科学家之间的合作可以开发出拯救大熊猫的新方法，每年100万美元的租金将全部用于保护和研究。)”可知，熊猫被借给其他国家所得来的租金全部用来促进对熊猫的保护和研究，而不是用来盈利和促进国内经济，故答案为Pandas were loaned to other countries to make profit and boost domestic economy. The purpose of it was to promote protection and research of pandas.
75．开放性题目。答案符合逻辑即可，字数为40词左右。例如：据我所知，除了熊猫以外乒乓球可以成为代表中国的文化大使，因为乒乓球是中国的国球，中美乒乓球队之间的友好交流促进了中美关系的正常化。故答案为Table tennis. Table tennis is the national sport of China and the friendly exchanges between the Chinese and American table tennis teams have promoted the normalization of the relations between China and the United States.
76．By/Through/Via mobile payment systems including WeChat and Alipay. 77．Because it will not take up his time and people can go to flower shops at any time. 78．Through mobile apps/the Internet. 79．Occasionally/Every now and then/Now and then/Sometimes/Once in a while. 80．I think it is clever/perfect, because it saves time and provides a free environment.

【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一位大学生在北京开的第一家无店主花店。文章介绍了店主开这家花店的原因和经营模式。
76．考查细节理解。根据第二段“people can select flowers and pay via mobile payment systems including WeChat and Alipay.(人们可以选择花和通过移动支付系统包括微信和支付宝支付)”可知，人们可以通过微信和支付宝等移动支付系统付款。故答案为By/Through/Via mobile payment systems including WeChat and Alipay.
77．考查细节理解。根据第三段的“the young man said “he begins the startup (创业) because it will not take up his time”. “Besides, people can go to flower shops at any time,” he added.(这个年轻人说“他开始创业是因为这不会占用他的时间”。“此外，人们可以随时去花店，”他补充说)”可知，王开办自主服务花店是因为不会占用他的时间，人们随时都可以去花店。故答案为Because it will not take up his time and people go to flower shops at any time.
78．考查细节理解。根据第四段的“customers can have their questions answered about categories and names of flowers through mobile apps.(顾客可以通过手机应用程序询问鲜花的名字)”可知，顾客可以通过手机应用程序询问鲜花的名字。故答案为Through mobile apps/the Internet.
79．考查词句猜测。根据上文“Although he does not sell flowers in the shop in person, Wang said he would go to the shop at odd intervals to take care of the flowers though he couldn’t afford it full time.(尽管他不亲自卖花，王说，他会at odd intervals去商店照看这些花，尽管他抽不出全部时间)”可知，王不能全职去照看这些花，因此推断他会偶尔去照看这些花，划线部分的意思是“偶尔”，故答案为Occasionally/Every now and then/Now and then/Sometimes/Once in a while.
80．开放性试题。言之有理即可，注意词数限制。根据整篇文章所表达的内容得出，自主花店的主意是非常棒的，因为它节省了时间并提供了一个免费的环境。参考答案为I think it is clever/perfect, because it saves time and provides a free environment.
81．White lies don’t hurt 82．Because people with dementia have returned back to decades ago, they think they are in a strange place, surrounded by strange people. 83．The public expect doctors to be honest with their patients and the author also believes that it is heartless and unprofessional to lie to patients.
Because lying to patients is kind and tender-hearted when done in the right way, not heartless or unprofessional. 84．Yes, I couldn’t agree more. Because sometimes being honest pays a price, the truth of which will hurt someone who can’t accept the reality.

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过医生和护士对患有老年痴呆症的沃尔顿太太说谎的事例得出医生和护士喜欢说谎的原因。
81．考查主旨大意。由第一段中的“Some of the lies told included reassuring patients that their wives or husbands were still alive, when in fact they were dead. (一些谎言包括让患者放心，说他们的妻子或丈夫还活着，而事实上他们已经死了)”，第二段中的“The truth, if I can use that word, is that it is a kindness to lie sometimes. (事实上，如果我能用这个词的话，那就是有时候撒谎是一种善意)”和倒数第二段中的“The lies that doctors, nurses, carers and families tell these patients are not big, elaborate lies—they are brief reassurances intended to calm and allow the subject to be swiftly changed. (医生、护士、护理人员和家属对这些患者说的谎话并不是什么大谎话，它们只是简单的保证，旨在让患者平静下来，并让话题迅速改变)”可知，有时候说谎并不是为了欺骗，而是为了改变话题，让患者平静下来、放心，因此，从这篇文章，我们能学到“善意的谎言无伤大雅”。故答案为：White lies don’t hurt
82．考查细节理解。由第三段中的“It is very distressing and tormenting and many of the behavioural difficulties that I have encountered in those with dementia relate to them feeling upset, scared and confused that they are in a strange place, surrounded by strange people, even when they are in their own homes surrounded by their family, because they have returned back to decades ago. (这是非常痛苦和折磨的，我在痴呆症患者中遇到的许多行为困难都与他们感到不安、害怕和困惑有关，因为他们在一个陌生的地方，被陌生的人包围，甚至当他们在自己的家里，被家人包围时，因为他们回到了几十年前)”可知，痴呆症患者即使在自己的家里被家人包围，也会感到不安、害怕和困惑，是因为痴呆症患者回到了几十年前，他们认为自己身处一个陌生的地方，周围都是陌生的人。故答案为：Because people with dementia have returned back to decades ago, they think they are in a strange place, surrounded by strange people.
83．考查细节理解。由最后一段中的“Colluding (串通) with them about this false reality they find themselves flung into is not heartless or unprofessional — it is, when done in the right way, kind and tender-hearted. (就他们陷入的虚假现实与他们串通（即说谎）并不是无情的或不专业的——当以正确的方式进行时，它是善良和温柔的)”可知，当以正确的方式对患者撒谎时，它是善良和温柔的，而不是无情或不专业的，“heartless and unprofessional”错误。故答案为：The public expect doctors to be honest with their patients and the author also believes that it is heartless and unprofessional to lie to patients.
Because lying to patients is kind and tender-hearted when done in the right way, not heartless or unprofessional.
84．开放题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。考生结合自身实际发表见解并说明原因。例如，考生同意“诚实并不是最好的政策”此观点，因为有时候诚实是要付出代价的，真相会伤害那些不能接受现实的人。故参考答案为：Yes, I couldn’t agree more. Because sometimes being honest pays a price, the truth of which will hurt someone who can’t accept the reality.
85．A decrease in exercise and less attention to the diet. 86．Because they can stimulate one’s brain and memory to develop new neutral pathways. 87．The two ways mentioned in the passage to help create new pathways are trying something new and exercising your brain by challenging your brain with different tasks. Because the other way mentioned in the passage to stimulate the production of new pathways is doing exercise。 88．To improve brain function, we should pay more attention to the diet. And we should get enough mental exercise like reading and doing math. In addition, mediation is a good way to improve memory and learning.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出大脑的功能是可以主动提升的，并介绍了两种促进神经通路形成、提升大脑功能的方法。
85．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Two frequent changes are a decrease in exercise and less attention to our diet, which have a negative effect on our brain and memory.(两种常见的改变有，体育锻炼的减少和对自身饮食的不加注意，它们对我们的大脑和记忆力都有着消极的影响)”可知，体育锻炼减少和不注意自身饮食会对大脑和记忆力产生负面影响。故答案为A decrease in exercise and less attention to the diet。
86．推理判断题。根据第五段中“The best activities are the ones outside of your comfort zone. They push you as you develop new neural pathways. The effort involved in learning and committing to memory a new skill, with new terms and language, is a great way to exercise your brain.(最好的活动是那些舒适区之外的活动。它们会促使你发展新的神经通路。那些用于学习和致力于记住一项新技能、新术语或是语言所付出的努力，是锻炼大脑的极佳方式)”可知，舒适区之外的活动，也就是新奇的活动和经历可以激励大脑和记忆力，使人发展出新的神经通路，因此是最好的活动。故答案为Because they can stimulate one’s brain and memory to develop new neutral pathways。
87．细节理解题。根据第四段“One simple way to stimulate the production of new pathways is trying something new.(一种简单的刺激新通路形成的方式是，尝试新鲜的事物)”和第七段中“Another way to stimulate the production of new pathways is doing exercise.(另一个刺激新通路形成的方式是体育锻炼)”可知，文中提到的两种促进新的神经通路形成的方式分别是尝试新鲜事物和增加体育锻炼，即所给句子中“exercising your brain by challenging your brain with different tasks”部分有误，应画线，故答案（所述理由）为The two ways mentioned in the passage to help create new pathways are trying something new and exercising your brain by challenging your brain with different tasks. Because the other way mentioned in the passage to stimulate the production of new pathways is doing exercise。
88．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Two frequent changes are a decrease in exercise and less attention to our diet, which have a negative effect on our brain and memory.( 两种常见的改变有，体育锻炼的减少和对自身饮食的不加注意，它们对我们的大脑和记忆力都有着消极的影响)”可知，不注意自身饮食会阻碍新的神经通路形成，因此要避免这种行为，此外根据文中已经提到的提高大脑功能的方法还可联想到，适当地进行一些头脑训练，比如阅读、做数学题、练习冥想等。故答案为To improve brain function, we should pay more attention to the diet. And we should get enough mental exercise like reading and doing math. In addition, mediation is a good way to improve memory and learning。