湖北高考英语阅读理解专项训练

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阅读理解
Plato (柏拉图) was upset about the invention of the alphabet (字母表) because, with this “technology”, learners would not use their memories and thus appear to be a know-it-all but actually know nothing. If Plato were alive today, what would he say about ChatGPT? ChatGPT, a conversational artificial intelligence program released recently by OpenAI, is a significant advancement that can produce articles comparable to good high school essays.
When I asked ChatGPT a range of simple questions, the answers were well-reasoned and clear. It’s also interactive: I could ask for more details or request changes. But then, on trickier topics or more complicated concepts, ChatGPT gave completely wrong answers.
However, that doesn’t mean ChatGPT can’t be a useful tool in education. Schools have already been dealing with the Internet’s wealth of knowledge, along with its misleading essay mills (制造厂). One way has been to change how they teach. Rather than listen to a lectures in class and then go home to research and write an essay, students listen to recorded lectures and do research ai home, then write essays in class, with supervision, even cooperation with peers (同龄人) and teachers. This is called flipped classrooms, in which students wouldn’t use ChatGPT to create a whole essay. Instead, they’d use it as a tool to generate critically examined building blocks of essays.
Plato was wrong to think that memory itself is a goal rather than a means for people to have facts so they can make better analyses and arguments. As Plato was wrong to fear the written word as the enemy, we would be wrong to think we should resist a process that allows us to gather information more easily.
The way forward is not just to feel regret for replaced skills, as Plato did, but also to recognize that as more complex skills become essential, our society must fairly educate people to develop them. And then it always goes back to the basics. Value people as people, not just as packs of skills. And that isn’t something ChatGPT can tell us how to do.
1．What would probably be Plato’s attitude toward ChatGPT?
A．Supportive. B．Objective. C．Critical. D．Tolerant.
2．How do students use ChalGPT according to the text?
A．They use it for error correction.
B．They rely on it to conduct peer reviews.
C．They rely on It to create a whole essay.
D．They use it as part of their research.
3．What mistake did Plato make according to the text?
A．He confused facts with opinions.
B．He used written words to attack his enemy.
C．He put too much emphasis on memory.
D．He doubted easily accessible information.
4．What is suggested to our society in the last paragraph?
A．Improving ChatGPT
B．Equipping all people with necessary skills.
C．Bringing people with different skills together.
D．Bringing new life to replaced skills.

When the French and Indian War concluded in 1763, the result was a complete British victory over the French. Then Britain enacted several new tax laws, intending to raise revenue (收入) from Britain’s American colonies(殖民地) to pay for the war.
Four main taxes created tension in the colonies: the Sugar Act of 1764, the Stamp Act of 1765, the Townshend Acts of 1767, and the Tea Act of 1773. The first, the Sugar Act, was enacted to prevent the smuggling (走私) of molasses. Under the Molasses Act of 1733, colonists had to pay a duty of six pence per gallon on the importation of molasses. Yet customs officials routinely accepted bribes (贿赂) of around one and a half pence per gallon and permitted the molasses to be shipped untaxed. The Sugar Act actually reduced the duty to three pence, but the colonists still refused to pay it. Only when it was lowered to one penny in 1766 did it become cheaper to pay the duty than the bribes.
The Sugar Act was not widely opposed because it primarily affected those involved in trade and shipping. The same cannot be said of the Stamp Act, which had a wide-ranging effect on every colony. It required that many documents the colonists used, especially those related to legal affairs and publishing, could only be written on paper with a crown revenue stamp on it. Essentially, the colonists had to buy special paper from the British government at a higher price than normal paper. Regarding this as a direct form of taxation, the colonists resisted the act so strongly that it was ended in 1766.
The Townshend Acts were designed to tax a wide variety of imported items to raise money to pay the salaries of government officials in the colonies. Once again, however, the colonists objected as they believed that British control of American colonial government officials’ salaries would result in more widespread British influence in North America. The acts were ended in 1770 except for a tax on tea. This led to the Tea Act, which was to allow the East India Company to gain a monopoly (垄断) on the sale of tea in the colonies. On December 16, 1773, American colonists stormed aboard British ships in Boston Harbor and cast their tea into the water in what came to be known as the Boston Tea Party. This eventually led to the American Revolution.
5．How much tax were American colonists required to pay on molasses m 1765?
A．1 penny per gallon. B．1.5 pence per gallon.
C．3 pence per gallon D．6 pence per gallon.
6．What was the main reason for the colonists’ opposition to the Stamp Act of 1765?
A．Its influence on trade and shipping.
B．Its official position as a direct form of taxation.
C．The complex documents required by the British.
D．The high cost of paper from the British government.
7．What harm might the Townshend Acts cause in the eyes of the colonists?
A．Britain might gain more control over the colonies.
B．There might be much fewer imported items.
C．The colonial officials’ salaries might be lowered.
D．The East India Company might have a monopoly on tea.
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．American colonists and British lawmakers
B．British taxation and the American Revolution
C．Cause and effect of the French and Indian War
D．The introduction to Britain’s American colonies

Despite the bad reputation of sharks, they are crucial to the health of the marine ecosystem and can even help fight climate change.
In the shallows of Shark Bay, Western Australia, seagrass is food for the sea cows, which can weigh as much as 500kg and eat roughly 40kg of seagrass a day. Sea cows are a rich source of food for tiger sharks. By keeping the sea cow population in check, tiger sharks here help the seagrass meadows (草地) grow. A flourishing seagrass meadow stores twice as much CO2 per square mile as forests typically do on land.
But tiger shark numbers are declining. Off Australia’s northeast coast of Queensland, tiger sharks are estimated to have fallen by at least 71 percent, largely due to overfishing. A reduction in tiger sharks means more seagrass consumed by herbivores (食草动物) and less carbon stored in sea vegetation. This begged the question: What if they were absent from the Shark Bay—would the seagrass dominated ecosystem survive?
To find out, researchers led by Rob Nowicki of Florida International University, spent time in Eastern Australia, where shark numbers were lower and sea cows ate seagrass largely undisturbed. “When unchecked, sea cows can rapidly destroy wide areas of seagrass,” said Nowicki. “When the seagrass recovers, the seagrass community looks different, with more tropical species dominating than before.”
Those findings underlined the role that tiger sharks were playing in Shark Bay. If their populations continue to decline, the resilience of carbon-rich ocean ecosystems will likely decrease.
When it comes to boosting shark numbers, there have been movements toward more sustainable fishing, but a large percentage of the industry have not changed their methods, which is a reason why the population of many marine top predators continues to decline.
Aside from supporting sustainable fishing, Nowicki said the only way to truly protect marine life is to reduce our global greenhouse gas emissions. “Ultimately, if we are going to conserve our ecosystems in the centuries to come, we are going to need to solve climate change while undertaking species conservation at the same time.”
9．What does the underlined phrase “in check” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．in sight B．on the rise C．under control D．up to date
10．What did Rob Nowicki’s team want to find out in Eastern Australia?
A．How sea cows destroy the seagrass community.
B．How shark population influences the ocean ecosystem.
C．What was contributing to the declining number of tiger sharks.
D．What to do to recover the seagrass-dominated ecosystem.
11．What is the main reason for the population reduction of many top predators in marine ecosystems?
A．Unsustainable fishing practices. B．Water pollution.
C．Loss of seagrass D．Climate change
12．What is the ultimate way to protect sharks, according to Nowicki?
A．Regulating fishing activities.
B．Solving ocean pollution problems.
C．Establishing natural reserves.
D．Reducing our carbon footprint.

Wells Traditions
Traditions are a part of life at Wells College. They connect us with each other, providing a sense of timelessness and continuity. The experiences and memories that make up these traditions make us all a part of a special community-and they’re really fun! Some of the most long-standing traditions include the following:
MOVING UP DAY
Each spring the senior class promotes students to the next class year. This all-student occasion is organized by the senior class. This tradition has recently been split in two with a Senior Roast happening on the Thursday before the last day of classes. At this event, seniors sing songs and tell jokes. On the last day of classes, seniors gather students around the Sycamore where juniors are given college pins and seniors are given roses.
CONVOCATION
Opening Convocation celebrates the beginning of the academic year and the formal introduction of the new incoming class. A traditional part of this convocation is the candlelight ceremony. Symbolized by a candle flame, the sprit of the Wells connection is passed from alumni (校友) to students, signifying that Wells students give one another throughout their lives.
TEA TIME
Tea and coffee are served every Wednesday afternoon. Though the long dresses and china cups are gone, this break from afternoon classes is still a great time to get together with friends and professors.
MINERVA
Outside of Main, the College’s first building, sits the lovely statue of the Roman goddess Minerva, symbolizing wisdom and invention. The senor class decorates Minerva at the beginning of the school year, and Minerva remains decorated throughout the year. During the morning of the last day of classes, after singing around the Sycamore tree, the senior class takes turns kissing the feet of Minerva, believing she will bring success and prosperity to all graduating seniors.
13．What do we know about Moving Up Day?
A．It is organized annually by juniors. B．It is held to reward excellent seniors.
C．It is celebrated on two separate days. D．It is celebrated in two different colleges.
14．Which tradition connects all generations of Wells College students?
A．MOVING UP DAY. B．CONVOCATION. C．TEA TIME. D．MINERVA．
15．Which of the following is believed to bring good luck?
A．Minerva. B．Senior Roast. C．Tea and coffee. D．The candlelight.

With intelligent systems and new-age transit networks, life in the big cities will likely be happier and more efficient.
After all, more than 60 percent of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by 2050, according to a UN report. The answer to making these cities more livable for so many people lies in creating “smart” cities. These cities will use 5G networks and the “internet of things” (IoT) to make everyday life safer and more convenient. Some cities are already using smart technology to improve the lives of residents.
But what exactly does a smart city do? In the United States cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart trash cans can sense how full they are and inform cleaning workers when they need to be emptied. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, traffic flow and energy usage are monitored and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors around the city. And in Copenhagen, Denmark, a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic condition as they ride.
Smart cities will be interactive, allowing their residents to feel like they’re truly shaping their environment, instead of merely existing in it. “One of the most important reasons to have a smart city is that we can actually communicate with our environment in a way that we never have in the past,” said Mrinalini Ingram, head of a telecom company.
Smart cities will also allow us to save resources. By using sensors and 5G networks to monitor the use of water, gas and electricity, city managers can figure out how to distribute and save these resources more efficiently. Emissions of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants can be more closely monitored in smart cities as well.
Of course, it will take time and money to turn our current cities into the smart cities of the future. But as we’ve already seen, more cities around the world are already adopting smart technology in small ways. China, for instance, is making investments in big cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou to make them “smarter”. It won’t be long until even more cities start to develop their own smart infrastructure(基础设施).
16．What calls for the development of smart cities?
A．The rapid progress in 5G networks.
B．The marked increase in world population.
C．The growing number of residents living in cities.
D．The major concern over the safety of living in cities.
17．How does the writer illustrate the way smart cities work?
A．By making a contrast. B．By giving examples.
C．By listing figures. D．By telling a story.
18．How do smart cities help us to live efficiently?
A．By interacting directly with our environment. B．By keeping track of how the resources are used
C．By ensuring no emission of air pollutants. D．By educating residents to save resources.
19．What is the author’s attitude toward smart cities?
A．Positive. B．Critical. C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned..

Most of us spend our lives surrounded by screens, which offer us convenience as well as connection and an ocean of information. But since it’s easy to feel pressured to keep up with every notification, technology may feel more like a burden than a blessing. Thus, the idea of “digital detox” is becoming increasingly inviting.
The phrase “digital detox” describes getting rid of TV, phones, computers and other forms of technology that control our lives for a period of time. Some experts advocate completely avoiding unnecessary screen time for 30 years. Others suggest using an app that will limit the amount of time one can spend on certain websites. A third option is logging out in evenings or on weekends. Others simply turn their phones off at scheduled times. Some even pay high prices to take vacations in places where they can unplug from their digital routine.
Why might you want to take a digital detox? Perhaps you find that you are spending longer than you intend on certain apps or that they distract you from more important things. Perhaps social media is depressing because you compare yourself to others or you fear missing out on things that other people are enjoying. Constant negative news can also give rise to a lot of stress.
Technology can also have physical effects. Many people experience back or neck pain as a result of bending over screens. The blue light coming from most screens can also affect people’s sleep by preventing production of melatonin (褪黑素) .
Giving up all screens may not be realistic, but strategic breaks from technology may be good for your body, mind, emotions and relationships. It is high time that you picked a time to turn off your devices and focus on really important things.
20．Why does the author say “technology may feel more like a burden than a blessing” in paragraph 1?
A．To confirm a concept. B．To present a problem.
C．To explain a rule. D．To make a prediction.
21．What does the underlined word “unplug” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Recover. B．Benefit. C．Escape. D．Suffer.
22．Which could be the reason for one to start “digital detox”?
A．Apps selection difficulty. B．Fear of missing important things.
C．Exposure to false news. D．Pressure from social comparison.
23．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To recommend healthy lifestyles. B．To call for reducing the use of digital devices.
C．To give instructions on starting digital detox. D．To present different attitudes to digital products.

On a tram smoothly pulling into the heart of Luxembourg City, Marck gives a smile and takes a look at the fabric of the seat next to him. For him, the city’s trams are more than just transport. More even than the focus of his job. They are about transforming his country and, perhaps, changing the world.
Marck is the director general of Luxtram, Luxembourg’s modern trams. It first started running services two years ago. Next year, Luxembourg will become the world’s only country to get rid of fares on all its forms of public transport. Luxembourg’s traffic problems come from its army of workers. The population of the capital city almost doubles during the working day, when more than 110,000 people travel in and out.
After three decades when its roads have become so crowded, Luxembourg is going to do something remarkable. Free fares, and a plan to persuade people to switch from cars to trams or trains. Marck, along with many others, is excited to see what happens next. “The fact that this is free means that everyone can use it — young or old, rich or poor,” he said. “Everyone can say to themselves it’s better to leave the car at home. We must continue to improve and extend the network. It must always be comfortable, well-connected, efficient.”
Lydie Polfer, the city’s mayor, says she hopes to reach the point where more than a third of people come into the city using public transport — at the moment, it’s less than one in five. She said, “It’s not practical to ban cars because some people, like the elderly, need them. But everyone has to be aware that he or she can do something to improve the situation. There is an expression in German — you are not in the traffic jam — you are the traffic jam, and that is true. I think that making it free will be the biggest arguments for people to use public transport. ”
24．Why does Marck think the city’s trams are more than just transport?
A．The trams are his goal that he strives for.
B．There are more means of transportation than trams.
C．City’s trams bring more changes beyond transport.
D．The trams are the heart of Luxembourg City transport system.
25．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．The cause of the traffic problems. B．The means of public transport.
C．The development of running services. D．The increase of working population.
26．What concerns people most when using the public transport?
A．The convenience. B．The fare. C．The comfort. D．The efficiency.
27．What can be inferred from what Lydie Polfer said?
A．The elderly needn’t use public transport.
B．It’s possible to persuade most people to use the trams.
C．Everyone can do his part to improve transport situation.
D．Those who don’t take public transport cause traffic jams.

There are some things money can’t buy. Education, however, does not appear to be among them—at least as measured by performance on international exams. A new study by Harvard University offers strong evidence that the wealth of a country affects exam results just as much as the wealth of a pupil’s household does. On average, pupils in wealthy countries obtain vastly higher test scores than those in developing ones.
Evaluating test scores around the world is harder than it sounds. Although pupils in the rich world mostly take one of a few big international exams, many developing countries rely on regional tests, making apples-to-apples comparisons impossible.
Researchers organized an exam in 2016 for 2,314 children in India, which included both questions from the leading tests and ones taken from smaller exams. Using answers from the same pupils on the same day to questions from different tests, they built a statistical model they called a “Rosetta Stone”. It can translate scores from a range of exams—such as one used only in west Africa—into an equal mark on other common international tests.
They then used these equations（等式）to estimate how pupils in 80 different countries would fare on the benchmark（基准）Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Their data show that the wealth of a student’s country and family have similar impacts on test scores—meaning that big gaps in GDP per person matter more than small ones in household income do. For example, pupils from families that are very poor by rich-world standards—those earning $5,000 a year—are expected to score around 500 out of 1,000 on the TIMSS in America, and 560 in Japan. In contrast, those whose parents make $10,000 a year in an upper-middle income country can only get the equivalent（等价物）of a 475.
The influence of parental earnings is not constant. Rich people tend to educate their children privately in places where wealth is concentrated, such as Brazil. However, in countries with relatively flat income distributions, like Croatia, pupils from different social classes are more likely to attend the same schools. This could reduce the impact of family wealth on test scores.
28．Why is it hard to evaluate the exam scores on a global level?
A．Because the types of exams vary with countries.
B．Because many rich countries refuse regional tests.
C．Because the wealth of a country affects exam results.
D．Because no international exam is available to poor areas.
29．Why did the researchers establish a “Rosetta Stone”?
A．To integrate different exams into a common one.
B．To evaluate different exams with distinct approaches.
C．To fix the standard of the exams in different countries.
D．To turn scores of different exams into an equivalent mark.
30．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A．Poor students tend to be academically superior to rich ones.
B．Students from rich families will definitely get higher grades.
C．The influence of family income on students is related to circumstances.
D．People with high social status are more likely to educate their children privately.
31．What is the text mainly about?
A．Education is something money can’t buy.
B．The wealth of a country matters for education.
C．Family income plays an important role in education.
D．A statistical model helps to evaluate the exam scores.

Mark asked, “Do you think they’ll let me play?” Mark’s father knew that few boys would want someone like Mark, mentally and physically disabled, on their team, but the father still approached to ask the boys if Mark could play. They exchanged glances with each other and said, “We’ll try to put him in to bat.”
Mark struggled over to the team’s bench and his father had a small tear in his eye and warmth in heart. The boys saw the father’s joy at his son being accepted.
In the bottom of the final inning, Mark was scheduled to be at bat. Everyone knew that a hit was almost impossible. The first pitch (投) came and Mark missed. The pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softly towards Mark. As the pitch came in, Mark swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher.
The pitcher could have easily thrown the ball to the first baseman, but he just threw the ball right over the head of the first baseman, beyond the reach of all teammates. The audience and the players from both teams started screaming, “Mark, run to first!” Never in his life had Mark ever run that far but made it to first base, wide-eyed and shocked.
By the time Mark rounded towards second base, the smallest guy on their team, who had a chance to be the hero for his team for the first time, understood the pitcher’s intentions and he too intentionally threw the ball high and far over the third baseman’s head.
All were screaming. “Mark, run to third.” As Mark rounded third, all were on their feet, crying, “Mark, run home!” Mark ran to home, stepped on the home base and was cheered as the hero who won the game for his team. Tears rolled down the father’s cheeks.
That day, the boys from both teams helped bring true love and humanity into this world.
32．Why did Mark’s father, not expecting much, still asked if Mark could join the team?
A．Because he noticed some of the boys on the field were friendly.
B．Because he knew some of the boys on the field knew Mark well.
C．Because he understood Mark did need a feeling of being accepted.
D．Because he guessed Mark’s disability would affect the boys’ decision.
33．What does the underlined word “intentions” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A．The pitcher wanted to help Mark win the game.
B．The pitcher pretended to throw the ball high and far.
C．The pitcher looked forward to winning the game for his team.
D．The pitcher had intended to throw the ball to the first baseman.
34．Which has nothing to do with Mark’s becoming the hero for his team?
A．Some of the opposing players ran to help him.
B．The pitcher did not throw the ball to the first baseman.
C．The opposing players failed to stop his running to home.
D．The audience and the players from both teams cheered for him.
35．What is the theme of the story?
A．True human nature could be realized in the way we treat each other.
B．Everyone can develop his team spirit in sports and please his parents.
C．The results of the game should not be the only concern of the players.
D．Everyone has his own strength even if mentally or physically disabled.

The Charles Dickens Museum in London is the world’s most important collection of material relating to the great Victorian novelist and social commentator (评论员). The only surviving London home of Dickens (from 1837 until 1839) was opened as a museum in 1925 and is still welcoming visitors from all over the world. On four floors, visitors can see paintings, rare editions, manuscripts, original furniture and many items relating to the life of one of the most popular and beloved personalities of the Victorian age.      
Opening Hours:
The Museum is open from Mondays to Saturdays 10:00-17:00; Sundays 11:00-17:00.
Last admission is 30 minutes before closing time.
Special opening times can be arranged for groups, who may wish to book a private view.
Admission Charges:
Adults:￡5.00; Students:￡4:00; Seniors:￡4.00; Children:￡3.00; Families:￡14.00 (2 adults & up to five children).
Group Rates: For a group of 10 or more, a special group rate of ￡4.00 each applies. Children will still be admitted for ￡3.00 each.
Access:
We are constantly working to improve access to the Museum and its collection. Our current projects involve the fitting of a wheelchair ramp (活动坡道) for better access, a customer care kit and an audio tour for visitors with impaired vision. Our Handling Sessions are also suitable for the visually impaired. The Museum has developed an online virtual tour through the Museum. Click here to visit all the rooms in the Museum online.
Hire the Museum:
The Museum can be hired for private functions, parties and many other social occasions.
Find Us:
The Museum may be reached by using the following buses: 7, 17, 19, 38, 45,46, 55, 243. And by these underground services: Piccadilly Line; Central Line. For a map, please click here. The British Museum and the Foundling Museum are within walking distance.
36．How much will they pay if a family with two adults and three children go to the Museum together?
A．￡10. 00 B．￡14. 00 C．￡19. 00 D．￡22. 00
37．What can be learned from the passage about the Museum?
A．Individuals cannot hire the Museum for parties.
B．Visitors with poor vision can enjoy the Museum.
C．In no case can people visit the Museum after 17:00.
D．Visitors can see rare editions of many Victorian novelists.
38．Where does this text probably come from?
A．Website B．Magazine C．Newspaper D．Guidebook

Researchers have long known that dolphins(海豚)can identify each other with signature whistles, the specific calls they use to refer to themselves. Now, a new study shows that the sense of taste allows bottlenose dolphins to identify their friends through urine-liquid waste from their bodies.
Study leader Jason Bruck, from Stephen F. Austin State University in Texas, initially wanted to test whether those signature whistles work similarly to human names. He needed a second way for dolphins to identify each other. To find out if dolphins could associate a whistle with a specific dolphin, Bruck turned to urine. A scientist had previously observed wild dolphins purposefully swimming through each other’s urine, leading Bruck to suspect they were gathering information from it.
Over evolutionary time, bottlenose dolphins have lost their sense of smell but kept a strong sense of taste. For the first part of the experiment, the team presented eight dolphins with urine samples from familiar and unknown individuals, and found that the dolphins spent about three times longer time exploring the familiar urine than the unfamiliar urine, with a few individuals collecting the familiar urine for more than 20 seconds. The dolphins paid little attention to the unfamiliar urine.
Then, for the second part, the researchers tested whether an individual’s whistle and urine were connected in their minds. They paired urine samples with recordings of characteristic screams played on underwater speakers, matched either by the same dolphin that provided the urine or by another animal. It turns out that the dolphins spent more time next to the speaker when the whistles corresponded to the urine sample. This indicates they can recognize each other in more than one way.
Using taste could be beneficial in the open ocean, as dolphins would learn from urine the recent presence of an individual. Given the recognition abilities shown in the study, the researchers think that it is possible that dolphins can also extract other information from urine, such as reproductive status or the use of pheromones(外激素)to influence the behavior of others.
39．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The swimming style of dolphins.
B．The cause of experimenting with urine.
C．The way of dolphins addressing each other.
D．The similarities between humans and dolphins.
40．How did the dolphins respond when exposed to a correct urine-whistle pair?
A．They screamed at the speaker. B．They paid little attention to whistles.
C．They stayed near the speaker longer. D．They got scared enough to flee the area.
41．What does “extract” underlined in the last paragraph mean?
A．Process. B．Confirm.
C．Obtain. D．Convey.
42．What does the author intend to tell us about the dolphins?
A．They have a strong sense of hearing.
B．They can recognize their friends by taste.
C．They can form close friendships through sound.
D．They use signature whistles to identify themselves.

Peterson Moturi journeyed to Nairobi, Kenya in 2014 to find a better life for himself. Initially, he would sell drinking water and groundnuts, as well as working as a car wash attendant before becoming a watchman for night duties. Since his goal was to join law school, he saved Kes 50, 000, which he used to pay for his admission to law school.
He applied for admission to the Kenya School of Law (KSL) in 2016 and was successful, but the biggest headache facing him was that he didn’t have enough money to pay his fees. Fortunately, he got some financial assistance from Mr. PLO Lumumba, who was then the school director and offered him a scholarship.
However, Moturi was then faced with the challenging task of working at night and attending class during the day. Unfortunately, when he sat for his final exams, he got a Pass, which could not allow hin to move to the next stage, attaining a law degree. That meant he had to score at least a credit and find money to pay for his diploma courses. He decided to approach his employer, Radar Security, for help. He honestly told his boss that he failed and wondered if he could sponsor him for the diploma once again. To his surprise, his boss agreed, and in no time, he was back in class.
“Now I am a joyful man. I am graduating with a credit score. I can now go ahead, pursue a law degree and become an advocate,” he said at the graduation ceremony. Though dressed in the usual graduation regalia(礼服), Moturi somehow appeared different from his colleagues due to the security guard uiform he wore underneath. The 28-year-old man desires to help the less fortunate in society have access to justice.
43．What bothered Moturi most after he gained admission to the KSL?
A．Losing his day job. B．Lacking school fees.
C．Feeding his family. D．Failing in his final exams.
44．Why did Moturi decide to score at least a credit?
A．To enable his boss to sponsor him.
B．To succeed in obtaining the scholarship.
C．To graduate from the KSL ahead of time.
D．To qualify for admission for a law degree.
45．How did Moturi support himself while studying in the KSL?
A．By selling daily articles. B．By offering car washing service.
C．By serving as a night watchman. D．By asking his family for financial help.
46．Which of the following can best describe Peterson Moturi?
A．Determined. B．Modest. C．Imaginative. D．Generous.

There are days when I find it necessary to step outside my classroom and check to be sure that my name is still in the TEACHER space over my door. Sometimes I feel that I am a student in my classroom rather than the teacher.
Seated in the classroom, my sixth grade students each held a different tool in the hand. The students discussed how words are like tools-they have the ability to build or to destroy, and they discovered how the right tool used at the right time for the right job can produce great results. I watched and listened with a sense of satisfaction. They got it!
A．few days later, one of my students, Laura, had an unexpected outburst in class. She refused to work with her group. I asked her to excuse herself and to go to our next door team center. She marched from the back of the room to our classroom door-shooting me an angry look, and then proceeded to slam the door as she left for the team meeting room.
Minutes later, I stood over her. Being extremely angry about her disrespectful behavior, I was sharp in my tone and harsh with my words. When I paused for her response, she stated, “You’re using your tool against me.” I was speechless.
There are times when you are at a critical crossroads with a student and the road you choose will make all the difference. I knew at that moment the right thing to do was to kneel down next to her chair, and softly say, “You’re right, Laura. I have used my words unwisely and unkindly. Will you forgive me?” She looked me in the eye and simply said, “Yes, I forgive you, Mrs. Ekre. I’m sorry, too.”
At the end of the year, she wrote me a beautiful letter, attached to which was a small key-a tool, she said, for a language arts teacher who taught her how important words can be. It serves as my reminder of a lesson I taught as a teacher but one I really learned from my student.
47．Why does the writer feel she is a student?
A．Her students often challenge her. B．Her name is not in the TEACHER space.
C．Her students transform her ideas. D．She abuses her power as a teacher.
48．What made the writer speechless when dealing with Laura?
A．Laura’s angry look. B．Laura’s abrupt explosion.
C．Laura’s slamming the door. D．Laura’s accusation against her.
49．Which words can best describe the writer?
A．Caring but stubborn. B．Tolerant and open-minded.
C．Strict and changeable. D．Sincere and flexible.
50．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The power of words. B．The importance of teaching.
C．The value of forgiveness. D．The beauty of understanding.

What is the purpose of lightning? The new study published at the end of April in Science found that lightning may play a bigger role in global climate change than was previously known by the scientific community.
Many are familiar with the potentially deadly dangers posed by lightning, which is blamed for an average of 43 deaths in the United States each year, based on data from 1989 to 2018. Although the odds of being struck are quite low-1 in 1, 222, 000 in a given year and 1 in 15, 300 in a lifetime many in the weather community have long urged people to take proper precautions to stay safe in storms. However, the researchers recently uncovered a surprising and beneficial impact of lightning.
The study, which included contributions from nine atmospheric researchers across a dozen universities, was based on an airborne research flight conducted by a NASA DC-8 storm-chasing plane in 2012. Researchers initially thought there was a problem with the equipment on the plane, which was being used to measure the hydroxyl radicals (羟基自由基) in the atmosphere until they realized increases they observed corresponded with lightning flashes, ABC News reported.
Hydroxyl radicals, described as a “chemical scavenger (清洗剂) ” by Science Direct, are important chemical compounds found in the atmosphere due to the reactive nature with other organic molecules (分子). Researchers previously understood that lightning could help to clean the atmosphere, but there was no evidence that it could generate compounds like these radicals. “No one has seen that much in the atmosphere from natural processes, ever,” Brune said. As a result, the study estimates that somewhere between 2% and 16% of the oxidizing (氧化), or cleaning that happens naturally in the Earth’s atmosphere, is done by lightning.
Why is this significant? The oxidation process helps to reduce chemicals like carbon monoxide and methane in the atmosphere. These chemicals, known for being greenhouse gases, have been proven to contribute to rising temperatures associated with climate change. Researchers say that more studies will need to be conducted to verify the degree to which lightning contributes to the fight against global climate change.
51．What do the statistics in Para 2 tell us about lightning?
A．It threatens human lives. B．It can only harm people.
C．It is a strange phenomenon. D．It happens quite frequently.
52．What led to the new discovery in the text?
A．The equipment failure on the storm-chasing plane.
B．The increase of Hydroxyl radicals during lightning.
C．The lightning flashes observed by the research team.
D．The airborne research conducted by NASA scientists.
53．How does Brune feel about the finding?
A．Doubtful. B．Amazed. C．Frustrated. D．Ambiguous.
54．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Hydroxyl radicals clean the atmosphere.
B．Oxidizing is a natural result of lightning.
C．Lightning may help address climate change.
D．Greenhouse gases contribute to rising temperature.

Computer games have seriously caught the attention of Mass Media. The increasing amount of games with violent scenes socks the society and makes it very aware of them. The fact that violent games cause violence in people is not even doubted by most people. Some say that the reason lies in games being too close to reality. But is it justified only according to the external similarity of these two worlds?
Games originally are entertainment. Contemporary games are very realistic and for this reason they are a source of great experience for the player and develop the imagination. Games are more than entertainment. The research of the New York University led by Green and Bavelier claims that the player preferring active games get an improvement of some types of brain activity, related to processing of visual information. In particular, game players cope with problems of simultaneously (同时地) tracking several moving objects at the average level of 30% better than people who do not play active computer video games. A game is an abstraction. A player gets abstract tasks and acts according to abstract rules. Games are also the possibility to be whoever a person wants to be and to rest from the outside world for some time.
But what if a person gets so much excited with the game scenes that he becomes violent in reality? Then, it proves that the games cause people to become violent. A psychologically healthy person will never confuse or connect these two different worlds. A game is a virtual world with visual images very similar to human. These images represent by themselves nothing but simple playing obstacles. A game may potentially give the opportunity to “destroy the obstacles” that may not be destroyed according to the rules, but it is more about personal choice whether to do it or not. This leads us to the conclusion that violence is not a consequence but the cause. People who originally tend to violence may get annoyed by games and perform violence in the “real world”. In this case violence in games is a simple justification of the violent nature of the player.
55．Which of the following best explains “sock” underlined in Para. 1?
A．Transform. B．Strike. C．Interest. D．Confuse.
56．What can we learn from the research carried out by Green and Bavelier?
A．Games can promote some kinds of brain activity.
B．Games can give people space to be themselves.
C．Games can be a source of great experience.
D．Games can help players solve problems.
57．Which of the following accounts for violence in real life?
A．Abstract violent tasks. B．Violent visual images.
C．Realistic computer games. D．Individuals’ violent nature.
58．What is the best title for the text?
A．Violence: Not a Consequence of Games B．Violence: Not a Justification of Players
C．Games: The Violent Virtual Reality D．Games: The Cause of Violence

For the first time, United Nations members have agreed on a unified treaty (协议) to protect biodiversity on the high seas, representing a turning point for vast stretches of the planet where conservation has previously been held back by a confusing patchwork (拼凑)of laws.
The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea came into force in 1994, before marine biodiversity was a well-established concept. An updated framework to protect marine life in the regions outside national boundary waters, known as the high seas, had been in discussions for more than 20 years, but previous efforts to reach an agreement had repeatedly failed. The unified treaty, which applies to nearly half the planet’s surface, was reached late on Saturday.
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres welcomes the finalization of the text of the United Nations Ocean Treaty, his spokesman said on Saturday. “This breakthrough, which covers nearly two-thirds of the ocean, marks the culmination of nearly two decades of work and builds on the legacy (遗产)of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,” a statement said.
Nichola Clark, an ocean expert at the Pew Charitable Trusts called the long-awaited treaty text “a once-in-a-generation opportunity to protect the oceans-a major win for biodiversity”. The treaty will create a new body to manage the conservation of ocean life and establish marine-protected are-as on the high seas. Clark said that’s critical to achieving the UN Biodiversity Conference’s recent promise to protect 30 percent of the planet’s waters, for conservation. The treaty also establishes ground rules for conducting environmental impact assessments for commercial activities in the oceans.
Treaty negotiations were initially anticipated to conclude on Friday, but stretched through the night into Saturday. The making of the treaty represents “a historic and overwhelming success for international marine protection,” said Steffi Lemke, Germany’s environment minister.
59．What can we learn about the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea?
A．It is the basis of the UN Ocean Treaty. B．It leads to a lot of controversy.
C．It has been discussed for over 20 years. D．It is a complete failure.
60．Which of the following could replace the underlined word “culmination” in Paragraph 3?
A．Beginning. B．Impact. C．End. D．Break.
61．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Commercial ocean activities will be monitored.
B．Preservation of 30% of the planet will be ensured.
C．Protected areas on the high seas will be expanded.
D．An existing department will manage the conservation.
62．Why is the making of the UN ocean treaty recognized as a historic success?
A．It takes tough and long negotiations.
B．The high seas are stressed for the first time.
C．Unity in protecting the high seas is achieved.
D．The concept of marine biodiversity is established.

A 25-mile strip of plants, farms and villages is hit by one of the largest wildfires in decades, ruining the Italian tourist destination. About 1, 000 residents and tourists have been evacuated from areas of western Sardinia that were destroyed by wildfires over the weekend, with forests, grasslands and villages on the Italian island covered in flames.
“It is a disaster without examples,” said the region’s governor, Christian Solinas, appealing a state of emergency on Sunday. No deaths or injuries have been reported, the Italian authorities said. But the fires were still powerful on Monday, when four firefighting planes from France and Greece joined the Italian firefighters’ air fleet to help control the big fire.
Since early Saturday, when the wildfires started near a forest by the village of Bonacardo, at least 50, 000 acres of land have gone up in flames. On Sunday night, Prime Minister Mario Draghi of Italy expressed his “full unity” with the people affected by the fires and offered support for firefighters working around the clock. Images recorded by Italian firefighters showed a thick layer of smoke swallowing residential buildings, warehouses and barns, and flames burning high just behind beach-side villas in the town of Porto Alabe, a popular tourist site, over 25 miles north of where the fires originated.
Flames ran through hectares (公顷) of oak forests that are native to the region. A thousand-year-old olive tree that was the symbol of the hilltop village of Cuglieri was destroyed by the fire. “This morning, the trunk was still burning,” Maria Giovanna Campus, a retired local archaeologist wrote on Facebook last Sunday. “We had proudly signaled its presence to tourists, but we ended up neglecting it and leaving it to the flames” she said, adding “cleaning up the area around it would have been enough to protect it and preserve it.”
The cause of the fires was not yet clear. But experts said that to prevent wildfires, forests and grasslands needed to be kept clean and barrier zones created. In the affected areas of Sardinia and elsewhere in Italy, abandoned lands are often not properly maintained, which can help the fire spread, they said.
63．What do we know about the wildfires in Italy?
A．They were put out within a short time. B．They caused severe damages and injuries.
C．They originated near a famous scenic spot. D．They were the most disastrous ones in Italy.
64．What might Maria Giovanna Campus agree with?
A．The old tree could have been saved. B．The old tree was burnt to the ground.
C．People took good care of the old tree. D．Tourists caused the destruction of the tree.
65．According to the passage, which could contribute to the spread of wildfires?
A．Establishing barrier zones. B．Keeping related areas clean.
C．Leaving the lands unattended. D．Preserving forests and grasslands.
66．How is the text developed mainly?
A．By telling a story. B．By using diagrams.
C．By making contrasts. D．By quoting different people.

From painted coffins, statues and models of daily life, to spectacular wall paintings from the tomb-chapel (小教堂) of the high official Nebamun, investigate what tombs and burial goods tell us about the lives of ancient Egyptian people. The tour will explore the preparation of the dead for burial, including mummification (木乃伊化) and the use of magic to help and protect people on their journey to the afterlife. It offers a rare opportunity to enjoy a guided tour in this space.
Galleries on this tour:
Room 61: Egyptian life and death: the tomb-chapel of Nebamun (The Michael Cohen Gallery)
Room 62- 63: Egyptian death and afterlife: mummies (The Roxie Walker Galleries)
Room 64: Early Egypt
Booking information
The tour will begin at 9: 00 and will last for 60 minutes.
Please meet at the main entrance on Great Russell Street (WC1B 3DG) at 8: 50 with your email confirmation.
This tour is limited to a maximum of 14 places per session. If you would like to bring a group of 10or more people or arrange a special out-of-hours tour, please email traveltradebookings@britishmuseum.org to discuss your options.
To ensure a safe and enjoyable visit, face coverings are recommended for the protection of yourself and others. Please be considerate of people and exercise social distancing where you can.
5 Nov 2022-18 Dec 2022
£33
£30 (Members)
£30 (special rates for students, jobseekers, disabled visitors)
£16. 50 (Ages 5- 15 years)
Free for under 5s and disabled visitors’ assistant (no booking required)
67．How much does it cost for a couple with a four-year-old who are not members?
A．￡60. B．66. C．82. 5. D．96.
68．What can visitors do on this tour?
A．Uncover secret spells of magic. B．Inspect tombs and burial goods.
C．Appreciate wall paintings of daily life. D．Learn about ancient Egyptian practices.
69．If you plan to travel with a group of 30 tourists, what should you do?
A．Arrive before 8: 50 am. B．Wear face coverings.
C．Meet at the main entrance. D．Inquire about your choices.

The Junction Campground
The Junction Campground is a great spot for river-based camping along one of Australia’s best-known rivers, near Grafton. Paddling the beautiful Nymboida River is a great way to explore the rainforest-lined riverbanks and rocky cliffs of Nymboi-Binderay National Park.
Craigmhor Mountain Retreat
Set in 1, 000 acres of wilderness, Craigmhor is a perfect base for bush walking, mountain biking, fishing, and bird watching. Within easy driving distance of Sydney, Craigmhor is the ideal location for overseas visitors or urban people to experience the Australian bush.
The Stone Cottage
Said to be Albury’s oldest house, the Stone Cottage warmly welcomes visitors with its exposed stone walls and an open fireplace. Set well back from the street in a spacious enclosed garden (ideal for pets), the two-bedroom self-contained house is perfect for small families and couples.
Located behind the main home, the Stone Cottage’s Kitchen Cottage turns on the charm as much as the larger house. Private from the main house, the one-bedroom self-contained cottage has a veranda (游廊) which looks out over an established herb garden, ideal for couples.
Instead of asking guests to wake at a certain time for a prepared breakfast, guests of both cottages receive a selection of breakfast cuisines as they like, allowing sleep-ins and lazy mornings.
Pets are welcome.
Country Barn Retreat
Situated in a peaceful location and perfect for short stays, Elaine and John offer this amnazing self-contained two-bedroom Country Barn Retreat, overlooking rural views and surounded by lovely gardens.
Sleeping up to four adults in this comfortable cottage where you can relax by the cosy wood fire in winter.
Fully equipped kitchen. Lounge and dining area with air-conditioning and fans to keep it cool in summer. Pet friendly, however, you would need to make arrangements with Elaine or John first.
70．Where will you go if you’re a bird lover?
A．The Stone Cottage.
B．Craigmhor Mountain Retreat.
C．The Junction Campground.
D．Country Barn Retreat.
71．What can be learned about the Stone Cottage?
A．It lacks an open fireplace.
B．It’s building a herb garden.
C．It has three bedrooms in all.
D．It provides a well-prepared breakfast.
72．What’s special about the last two destinations?
A．Pets are allowed.
B．Fires are forbidden.
C．Both have a veranda.
D．Both are near rivers.

In 2018, a severe drought brought Cape Town close to “Day Zero”, when it could have become the world’s first major city to run out of water. Dam levels in South Africa’s Western Cape fell to below a fifth of capacity and the province suffered its worst water crisis in 100 years.
“The water supply was dwindling and it just wasn’t raining,” recalls Thinus Booysen, a professor at Stellenbosch University, who had created a device in 2015 designed to help homeowners cut their power usage. Seeking to reduce water waste, Booysen figured he could adapt the device to measure water usage instead of electricity use.
Soon, Booysen launched a start-up, Bridging the Internet of Things (BridgloT), to develop his idea. Called Count Droputa, the device reports water usage once a minute while many conventional devices only record data once an hour. The system uses an app in the user’s cellphone and sends short messages in real time. “Within minutes, we would be able to tell the user, ‘Something has burst, or something is leaking,’” he says.
Then Booysen discovered that a key issue was maintenance (维修), with the poorest schools using by far the most water. Leaking toilets could waste 1, 000 liters of water per day. “We found that the biggest problems are things like children not closing taps properly, but often that would be because the taps just don’t close,” Booysen explains. During the test, the invention saved one school more than three million liters of water in three months. Another reduced its water usage 55 percent in four months.
Businesses including Cape Talk radio station and Africa’s largest food company, Shoprite, became sponsors, partnering with the Western Cape Education Department to install (安装) test devices in 350 schools. They saved more than 2.7 million and almost 550 million liters of water in 17 months. Booysen has looked at expanding to government buildings, hospitals and hotels. There are plans to roll out the device across Africa.
73．What does the underlined word “dwindling” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Beginning. B．Continuing.
C．Expanding. D．Decreasing.
74．Which words can best describe Booysen?
A．Proud but determined.
B．Cautious and friendly.
C．Creative and caring.
D．Strict but generous.
75．What do we know about Count Dropulą?
A．It works smartly to help save water. B．It was designed by Booysen in 2015.
C．It will soon be tested in 350 schools. D．It cuts power usage efficiently.
76．What will Booysen probably do next?
A．Become a member of Shoprite.
B．Further promote his new invention.
C．Stop water pollution in Cape Town.
D．Travel around Africa for better ideas.














参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人们应该如何看待高科技给教育带来的变革。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Plato (柏拉图) was upset about the invention of the alphabet (字母表) because, with this “technology”, learners would not use their memories and thus appear to be a know-it-all but actually know nothing.(柏拉图对字母的发明感到沮丧，因为有了这种“技术”，学习者就不会使用他们的记忆，因此看起来是万事通，但实际上什么都不知道)”可知，字母表的发明让柏拉图感到担忧，他认为这会让学习者不再使用大脑记忆所学的知识；根据“If Plato were alive today, what would he say about ChatGPT? ChatGPT, a conversational artificial intelligence program released recently by OpenAI, is a significant advancement that can produce articles comparable to good high school essays.(如果柏拉图今天还活着，他会怎么看待ChatGPT？OpenAI最近发布的聊天人工智能程序ChatGPT是一项重大进步，它可以写出与优秀高中论文相当的文章)”可知，ChatGPT 作为最尖端的科技发明，能够创作出与高中优秀论文水平相当的文章。由此推知，柏拉图对字母表的发明尚感到担忧，他更不会赞同用科技创作文章。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Instead, they’d use it as a tool to generate critically examined building blocks of essays.(相反，他们会把它作为一种工具来生成经过严格检验的论文构建模块)”可知，学生们将ChatGPT作为他们的研究工具，利用它生成文章的构成要素。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Plato was wrong to think that memory itself is a goal, rather than a means for people to have facts so they can make better analyses and arguments.(柏拉图错误地认为记忆本身是一种目的，而不是人们获取事实的一种手段，这样他们就可以更好地进行分析和论证)”可知，柏拉图认为一切知识只是记忆而已，他夸大了记忆在知识获取中的作用。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The way forward is not just to feel regret for replaced skills, as Plato did, but also to recognize that as more complex skills become essential, our society must fairly educate people to develop them.(前进的道路不是像柏拉图那样为被取代的技能感到遗憾，而是要认识到，随着更复杂的技能变得至关重要，我们的社会必须公平地教育人们发展这些技能)”可知，作者认为对待科技的正确做法是在为被淘汰掉的技能感到遗憾的同时还要意识到我们还需掌握更加复杂的技能，而我们的社会则应该为我们提供接受平等教育的机会，去获得这些技能。由此推知，最后一段建议我们的社会为所有人配备必要的技能。故选B项。
5．C 6．D 7．A 8．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国颁布的四次关于税费的法律，以及得到的结果，最终逐渐导致了美国独立战争。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“ The first, the Sugar Act, was enacted to prevent the smuggling (走私) of molasses. Under the Molasses Act of 1733, colonists had to pay a duty of six pence per gallon on the importation of molasses. Yet customs officials routinely accepted bribes (贿赂) of around one and a half pence per gallon and permitted the molasses to be shipped untaxed. The Sugar Act actually reduced the duty to three pence, but the colonists still refused to pay it. Only when it was lowered to one penny in 1766 did it become cheaper to pay the duty than the bribes.（其一，糖业法案，是为了防止糖蜜走私而颁布的。根据1733年的《糖蜜法案》，殖民者必须为进口糖蜜支付每加仑6便士的关税。然而，海关官员通常接受每加仑1.5便士左右的贿赂，并允许糖蜜免税运输。《糖法案》实际上将关税降低到了三便士，但殖民者仍然拒绝支付。只有在1766年降至一便士时，支付关税才变得比贿赂更便宜）”可知，1733年，蜜糖的税收是每加仑6便士，后来减少到了3便士，1766年减少到1便士，所以在1765年是每加仑3便士。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后两句“Essentially, the colonists had to buy special paper from the British government at a higher price than normal paper. Regarding this as a direct form of taxation, the colonists resisted the act so strongly that it was ended in 1766.（从本质上讲，殖民者不得不以比普通纸张更高的价格从英国政府购买特殊纸张。殖民者认为这是一种直接的税收形式，因此强烈反对该法案，以至于该法案于1766年终止）”，可知，殖民者反对 Stamp Act 的主要原因是纸张的高价。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句“Once again, however, the colonists objected as they believed that British control of American colonial government officials’ salaries would result in more widespread British influence in North America.（然而，殖民者再次表示反对，因为他们认为，英国控制美国殖民地政府官员的工资，将导致英国在北美的影响力更广泛）”可知，殖民者认为Townshend Acts会导致英国获得对殖民地的更多控制。故选A。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段“When the French and Indian War concluded in 1763, the result was a complete British victory over the French. Then Britain enacted several new tax laws, intending to raise revenue (收入) from Britain’s American colonies(殖民地) to pay for the war.（当1763年法印战争结束时，结果是英国对法国的彻底胜利。然后，英国颁布了几项新的税法，打算从英国在美国的殖民地筹集收入来支付战争费用）”可知，文章主要讲述了英国颁布的四次关于税费的法律，以及得到的结果，最终逐渐导致了美国独立战争。所以B选项 “英国的征税和美国独立战争”可以作为标题。故选B。
9．C 10．B 11．A 12．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了虎鲨对海洋生态系统的健康起着至关重要的作用，甚至可以帮助对抗气候变化。
9．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“In the shallows of Shark Bay, Western Australia, seagrass is food for the sea cows, which can weigh as much as 500kg and eat roughly 40kg of seagrass a day. Sea cows are a rich source of food for tiger sharks.(在西澳大利亚鲨鱼湾的浅滩上，海草是海牛的食物，海牛体重可达500公斤，每天吃大约40公斤海草。海牛是虎鲨丰富的食物来源。)”可知，海牛以吃海草为生，虎鲨捕食海牛，根据下文中的“tiger sharks here help the seagrass meadows (草地) grow.(虎鲨在这里帮助海草生长。)”可知，虎鲨帮助海草生长，由此可猜测，之所以虎鲨能帮助海草是因为虎鲨吃海牛而“控制了海牛的数量”，从而减少海牛对海草的破坏，因此，该短语的意思是“得到控制”。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This begged the question: What if they were absent from the Shark Bay—would the seagrass dominated ecosystem survive?(这就引出了一个问题:如果鲨鱼湾没有海草，以海草为主的生态系统还能生存吗?)”及第四段中的“To find out, researchers led by Rob Nowicki of Florida International University, spent time in Eastern Australia, where shark numbers were lower and sea cows ate seagrass largely undisturbed.(为了找到答案，佛罗里达国际大学的Rob Nowicki领导的研究人员在澳大利亚东部呆了一段时间，那里鲨鱼数量较少，海牛吃海草基本上不受干扰。)”可知，该研究的目的是探索虎鲨数量对海洋生态环境的影响。故选B项。
11．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“When it comes to boosting shark numbers, there have been movements toward more sustainable fishing, but a large percentage of the industry have not changed their methods, which is a reason why the population of many marine top predators continues to decline.(在增加鲨鱼数量方面，已经有了更可持续的捕鱼运动，但该行业的很大一部分人并没有改变他们的方法，这就是为什么许多海洋顶级食肉动物的数量继续下降的原因。)”可知，大部分渔民没有改变捕鱼方法，即仍使用不可持续的捕鱼方式是海洋生态系统中许多顶级捕食者数量减少的主要原因。故选A项 。
12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Aside from supporting sustainable fishing, Nowicki said the only way to truly protect marine life is to reduce our global greenhouse gas emissions.(诺维茨基说，除了支持可持续渔业，真正保护海洋生物的唯一途径是减少全球温室气体排放。)”可知， Nowicki 认为减少全球温室气体排放是保护虎鲨最根本的方式。故选D项 。
13．C 14．B 15．A

【导语】本文是应用文。本文介绍了美国纽约州一所私立文理学院Wells College的一些传统。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This tradition has recently been split in two with a Senior Roast happening on the Thursday before the last day of classes. At this event, seniors sing songs and tell jokes. On the last day of classes, seniors gather students around the Sycamore where juniors are given college pins and seniors are given roses.(这一传统最近被分成了两部分，在最后一天上课前的星期四举行了一次高级烘焙。在这个活动中，学长们唱歌、讲笑话。在课程的最后一天，高年级学生将学生聚集在Sycamore附近，在那里，低年级学生将获得大学徽章，高年级学生将获得玫瑰)”可知，Moving Up Day在两个不同的日子庆祝。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Symbolized by a candle flame, the sprit of the Wells connection is passed from alumni (校友) to students, signifying that Wells students give one another throughout their lives.(以蜡烛火焰为象征，威尔斯大学的精神从校友传递给学生，象征着威尔斯大学的学生一生都在互相奉献)”可知，CONVOCATION将威尔斯学院的所有学生联系在一起。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“During the morning of the last day of classes, after singing around the Sycamore tree, the senior class takes turns kissing the feet of Minerva, believing she will bring success and prosperity to all graduating seniors.(在课程最后一天的早晨，在梧桐树周围唱歌后，高年级学生轮流亲吻Minerva的脚，相信她会给所有即将毕业的高年级学生带来成功和繁荣)”可知，Minerva被认为能带来好运。故选A。
16．C 17．B 18．B 19．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了创建智慧城市可以让生活可更幸福、更高效。
16．细节理解题。根据第二段“The answer to making these cities more livable for so many people lies in creating “smart” cities.(让这些城市更适合这么多人居住的答案在于创建“智慧”城市)”可知，智慧城市的建立是解决未来城市人口过度的问题的需求。故选C。
17．推理判断题。根据第三段“But what exactly does a smart city do? In the United States cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart trash cans can sense how full they are and inform cleaning workers when they need to be emptied. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, traffic flow and energy usage are monitored and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors (传感器) around the city. And in Copenhagen, Denmark, a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic condition as they ride. (但智能城市到底能做什么呢?在美国的波士顿和巴尔的摩，智能垃圾桶可以感知它们有多满，并在需要清空时通知清洁工人。在荷兰阿姆斯特丹，交通流量和能源使用情况根据城市周围传感器收集的实时数据进行监控和调整。在丹麦的哥本哈根，一个智能自行车系统可以让骑车的人在骑车时检查空气质量和交通状况)”可知是通过举例子来解释智能城市的运作方式，故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“By using sensors and 5G networks to monitor the use of water, gas and electricity, city managers can figure out how to distribute and save these resources more efficiently.(通过使用传感器和5G网络监控水、气和电的使用情况，城市管理者可以想出如何更有效地分配和节约这些资源)”可知，在智慧城市中，人们可以通过“跟踪”各种资源的利用情况，来提高生活效率。故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of course, it will take time and money to turn our current cities into the smart cities of the future. But as we’ve already seen, more cities around the world are already adopting smart technology in small ways. China, for instance, is making investments in big cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou to make them “smarter”. It won’t be long until even more cities start to develop their own smart infrastructure (基础设施). (当然，把我们现在的城市变成未来的智能城市需要时间和金钱。但正如我们已经看到的，世界各地越来越多的城市已经在小规模地采用智能技术。例如，中国正在上海和广州等大城市进行投资，使它们变得“更智能”。用不了多久，就会有更多的城市开始发展自己的智能基础设施。)”可知作者对智能城市的态度是积极的，乐观的。故选A。
20．B 21．C 22．D 23．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“数字排毒”，以及数字产品给我们带来的影响。
20．推理判断题。根据第一段“Most of us spend our lives surrounded by screens, which offer us convenience as well as connection and an ocean of information. But since it’s easy to feel pressured to keep up with every notification(我们大多数人的生活都被屏幕包围着，它给我们提供了便利、联系和信息的海洋。 但因为要跟上每一个通知很容易感到压力)”可知，科技带来了便利，但也会容易感到有压力，所以作者说“技术可能更像是一种负担，而不是一种祝福”是为了呈现问题，引出话题“数字排毒”。故选B项。
21．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The phrase “digital detox” describes getting rid of TV, phones, computers and other forms of technology that dominate our lives for a period of time. (数字排毒这个短语描述的是摆脱电视、电话、电脑和其他形式的技术，这些技术在一段时间内主导了我们的生活)”可知，“数字排毒”是指摆脱电视、电话等数字生活，所以此处unplug from their digital routine是指“摆脱”数字生活，即unplug是“摆脱、脱离”的意思。故选C项。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段“Perhaps social media is depressing because you compare yourself to others or you fear missing out on things that other people are enjoying. (也许社交媒体让人沮丧是因为你把自己和别人比较，或者你害怕错过别人喜欢的东西。)”可知，一个人可能开始“数字排毒”的原因是把自己和别人比较，也就是来自社会比较的压力。故选D项。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Giving up all screens may not be realistic, but strategic breaks from technology may be good for your body, mind, emotions and relationships. It is high time that you picked a time to turn off your devices and focus on really important things.(放弃所有的屏幕可能不现实，但有策略性地脱离科技可能对你的身体、思想、情感和人际关系有好处。 现在是时候关掉你的设备，专注于真正重要的事情)”可知，作者认为是关掉你的设备专注于重要的事情的时候了，可以推测出文章的目的是呼吁减少使用数码设备。故选B项。
24．C 25．A 26．B 27．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。明年，卢森堡将成为世界上唯一一个对所有形式的公共交通免收车费的国家。文章解释了这一举措背后的原因以及意义。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段“For him, the city’s trams are more than just transport. More even than the focus of his job. They are about transforming his country and, perhaps, changing the world.(对他来说，这座城市的有轨电车不仅仅是交通工具。甚至超过了他工作的重心。它们改变他的国家，也许改变世界)”可知，Marck认为城市的有轨电车不仅仅是交通工具，也带来了超越交通的更多地改变。故选C。
25．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Luxembourg’s traffic problems come from its army of workers. The population of the capital city almost doubles during the working day, when more than 110,000 people travel in and out.( 卢森堡的交通问题来自于它的工人大军。首都的人口在工作日几乎翻倍，每天有超过11万人进出)”可知，第二段主要讲了交通问题的原因。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“I think that making it free will be the biggest arguments for people to use public transport.(我认为免费使用它将是人们使用公共交通工具的最大理由。)”可知，人们在使用公共交通工具时最关心的是车费。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段Lydie Polfer 说的“But everyone has to be aware that he or she can do something to improve the situation. There is an expression in German — you are not in the traffic jam — you are the traffic jam, and that is true.(但每个人都必须意识到，他或她可以做些什么来改善这种情况。德语中有句话——你不在交通堵塞中——你就是交通堵塞，这是真的)”可推知，Lydie Polfer 认为每个人都可以尽自己的一份力量来改善交通状况。故选C。
28．A 29．D 30．C 31．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了教育资源对一个学生的成绩有着至关重要的作用。哈佛大学的一项新研究提供了强有力的证据，证明一个国家的富裕程度和学生家庭的富裕程度对考试成绩的影响一样大。平均而言，富裕国家学生的考试成绩远远高于发展中国家学生。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段“Evaluating test scores around the world is harder than it sounds. Although pupils in the rich world mostly take one of a few big international exams, many developing countries rely on regional tests, making apples-to-apples comparisons impossible.”（评估世界各地的考试成绩比听起来要难得多。尽管富裕国家的学生大多参加少数大型国际考试之一，但许多发展中国家依靠地区考试，这使得同类比较不可能。）可知，富裕国家的学生大多参加少数大型国际考试，而许多发展中国家依靠地区考试。说明不同国家的考试的方式和类型不一，使得从全球范围评估考试成绩变得不可能。选项A与文意相符，故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段中“It can translate scores from a range of exams—such as one used only in west Africa—into an equal mark on other common international tests.”（它可以将一系列考试的分数——例如仅在西非使用的一种考试——转化为其他常见国际考试的同等分数。）可知，Rosetta Stone可以将一系列考试的分数转化为其他常见国际考试的同等分数。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Their data show that the wealth of a student’s country and family have similar impacts on test scores—meaning that big gaps in GDP per person matter more than small ones in household income do. ”（他们的数据显示，学生所在国家和家庭的富裕程度对考试成绩有相似的影响，这意味着人均GDP的巨大差距比家庭收入的小差距更重要。）最后一段“The influence of parental earnings is not constant. Rich people tend to educate their children privately in places where wealth is concentrated, such as Brazil. However, in countries with relatively flat income distributions, like Croatia, pupils from different social classes are more likely to attend the same schools. This could reduce the impact of family wealth on test scores.”（父母收入的影响不是恒定的。富人倾向于在财富集中的地方，比如巴西，让他们的孩子接受私人教育。然而，在收入分配相对平坦的国家，如克罗地亚，来自不同社会阶层的学生更有可能上同一所学校。这可以减少家庭财富对考试成绩的影响。）可知，富人倾向于在财富集中的地方，让他们的孩子接受私人教育。在收入分配相对平坦的国家，来自不同社会阶层的学生更有可能上同一所学校。可推知，家庭收入的多少对学生的影响和其所在的环境有关系。故选C。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第一段中“A new study by Harvard University offers strong evidence that the wealth of a country affects exam results just as much as the wealth of a pupil’s household does. On average, pupils in wealthy countries obtain vastly higher test scores than those in developing ones.”（哈佛大学的一项新研究提供了强有力的证据，证明一个国家的富裕程度和学生家庭的富裕程度对考试成绩的影响一样大。平均而言，富裕国家学生的考试成绩远远高于发展中国家学生。）可知，国家富裕的程度对孩子教育的影响起着至关重要的作用。文章接下来的段落主要通过例证的方式展开论述。选项B符合题意，故选B。
32．C 33．A 34．C 35．A

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个暖心故事，身患残疾的Mark想要打棒球，球员答应让他上场，为了成全身患残疾的Mark，球队双方进行了善意地欺骗，故意屡屡失手，共同制造了一个特殊的“英雄”——Mark。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段“Mark’s father knew that few boys would want someone like Mark, mentally and physically disabled, on their team, but the father still approached to ask the boys if Mark could play. They exchanged glances with each other and said, ‘We’ll try to put him in to bat.’(马克的父亲知道，很少有男孩会想要像马克这样有精神和身体残疾的人加入他们的球队，但父亲还是走过去问孩子们马克是否可以参加比赛。他们互相交换了一下眼色，说:“我们会设法让他上场的。”)”可知，Mark的父亲理解儿子的心情，理解他需要一种被接受的感觉，虽然身患残疾，但Mark希望得到别人的认可和接受。故选C。
33．词义猜测题。根据第五段“By the time Mark rounded towards second base, the smallest guy on their team, who had a chance to be the hero for his team for the first time, understood the pitcher’s intentions and he too intentionally threw the ball high and far over the third baseman’s head.(当马克转到二垒时，他们队中最小的家伙，第一次有机会成为他们队的英雄，明白了投手的 intentions，他也故意把球扔得很高，远远超过了三垒手的头。)”可知，球队中最小的男孩故意把球扔得又高又远，因为理解了投手的意图。intention是“意图”。故选A。
34．推理判断题。通过倒数第二段“All were screaming. ‘Mark, run to third.’ As Mark rounded third, all were on their feet, crying, ‘Mark, run home！’Mark ran to home, stepped on the home base and was cheered as the hero who won the game for his team.（所有人都在尖叫。“马克，跑到三垒。”马克跑到三垒时，所有人都站了起来，喊着:“马克，跑回家！”马克跑向本垒，踏上本垒，大家欢呼雀跃，认为他是球队赢得比赛的英雄。)”以及最后一段“That day, the boys from both teams helped bring a piece true love and humanity into this world. (那一天，两支队伍的男孩们为这个世界带来了一份真爱和人性)”可推知，对方球员并不是不能阻止Mark跑回主场，他们是为了让身患残疾的Mark感到快乐，球队双方都进行了善意地欺骗，故意屡屡失手，共同制造了一个特殊的“英雄”，C项“对方球员没能阻止他向家跑去。”与文章内容及主题不符。故选C。
35．主旨大意题。通读全文，再通过最后一段“That day, the boys from both teams helped bring a piece true love and humanity into this world. (那一天，两支队伍的男孩们为这个世界带来了一份真爱和人性)”以及“having never forgotten being the hero (他从未忘记自己是英雄)”可推知，本文通过讲述棒球球员与身患残疾的Shay之间的暖心故事，引出了一个关于人性的话题，通过这个故事可以领悟到真正的人性可以通过我们对待彼此的方式来实现。故选A。
36．B 37．B 38．A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是伦敦的Charles Dickens博物馆的相关情况。
36．细节理解题。根据Admission Charges:部分的“Families:￡14.00 (2 adults & up to five children).(家庭：14.00英镑（2名成人和最多5名儿童）)”可知，如果一个家庭有两个大人和三个孩子一起去博物馆要花14英镑，故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据Access:部分的“Our current projects involve the fitting of a wheelchair ramp (活动坡道) for better access, a customer care kit and an audio tour for visitors with impaired vision.(我们目前的项目包括安装轮椅坡道，为视力受损的游客提供更好的服务，提供客户服务工具包和语音导览)”可知，视力不好的游客也可以参观博物馆。故选B。
38．推理判断题。根据Access部分的最后一句“The Museum has developed an online virtual tour through the Museum. Click here to visit all the rooms in the Museum online.(博物馆已经开发了一个在线虚拟参观博物馆。点击这里在线参观博物馆的所有房间)”以及最后一段的倒数第二句“For a map, please click here.(地图请点击这里)”可推知，本篇文章可能来自一个网站。故选A。
39．B 40．C 41．C 42．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。最新的研究表明，宽吻海豚能够通过味道来识别朋友。
39．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Study leader Jason Bruck, from Stephen F. Austin State University in Texas, initially wanted to test whether those signature whistles work similarly to human names. He needed a second way for dolphins to identify each other. To find out if dolphins could associate a whistle with a specific dolphin, Bruck turned to urine. A scientist had previously observed wild dolphins purposefully swimming through each other’s urine, leading Bruck to suspect they were gathering information from it. (德克萨斯州斯蒂芬·F·奥斯汀州立大学的研究负责人杰森·勃拉克，最初想测试这些标志性哨子的作用是否类似于人类的名字。他需要海豚识别彼此的第二种方式。为了弄清楚海豚是否能把口哨和特定的海豚联系起来，勃拉克转向了尿液。一名科学家此前曾观察到野生海豚有意地在彼此的尿液中游泳，这让勃拉克怀疑它们是在从中收集信息。)”可知，第二段主要介绍了用尿液开展实验的起因。故选B。
40．细节理解题。根据第四段“It turns out that the dolphins spent more time next to the speaker when the whistles corresponded to the urine sample.(事实证明，当口哨声与尿液样本相对应时，海豚会在扬声器旁边待更多的时间。)”可知，当录制的海豚哨声与尿液样本相匹配时，海豚会花更多的时间在扬声器附近。故选C。
41．词句猜测题。根据划线词前句“Using taste could be beneficial in the open ocean, as dolphins would learn from urine the recent presence of an individual.(在辽阔的海洋中，使用味觉可能是有益的，因为海豚会从尿液中得知最近有个体出现。)”可知，海豚能从尿液中得知最近有一个个体的存在。结合本句中的“also”可推知，海豚也可能从尿液中“获得”其他的信息。所以extract 为“获得”之意。故选C。
42．推理判断题。根据第一段“Now, a new study shows that the sense of taste allows bottlenose dolphins to identify their friends through urine - liquid waste from their bodies.(现在，一项新的研究表明，味觉使宽吻海豚能够通过自己体内的尿液——液体废物来识别自己的朋友。)”及全文可知，本文介绍了针对宽吻海豚的一项最新研究，结果表明海豚能够通过味道来识别朋友。所以作者想告诉我们海豚可以通过味道认出它们的朋友。故选B。
43．B 44．D 45．C 46．A

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了肯尼亚人莫图里为实现读法学院的目标靠做保安等工作不懈奋斗的故事。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段“He applied for admission to the Kenya School of Law (KSL) in 2016 and was successful, but the biggest headache facing him was that he didn’t have enough money to pay his fees.(他在2016年申请了肯尼亚法学院（KSL），并获得了成功，但他面临的最头疼的问题是他没有足够的钱支付学费。)”可知，莫图里被肯尼亚法学院录取后，最困扰他的事情就是没有足够的钱支付学费。故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段“Unfortunately, when he sat for his final exams, he got a Pass, which could not allow him to move to the next stage, attaining a law degree. That meant he had to score at least a credit and find money to pay for his diploma courses.(不幸的是，当他参加期末考试时，他获得了及格，这不能让他进入下一个阶段，获得法律学位。这意味着他至少要拿到一个学分，还要有钱支付文凭课程的学费。)”和最后一段“I can now go ahead, pursue a law degree and become an advocate(我现在可以继续前进，攻读法律学位，成为一名律师)”可知，需要获得至少一个学分才有资格攻读法学学位，所以莫图里才做出这样的决定，以实现当律师的目标。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第一段“before becoming a watchman for night duties(在成为夜间值班的保安之前)”以及第三段“approach his employer, Radar Security, for help(向他的雇主雷达安全公司寻求帮助)”和最后一段“due to the security guard uniform he wore underneath(因为他里面穿的是保安制服)”可推知，在法学院学习期间他是靠做夜间保安员来养活自己的。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了莫图里为实现读法学院的目标，面对困境永不放弃，克服了重重苦难，最终如愿以偿，说明他是一位意志非常坚定的人。故选A。
47．C 48．D 49．B 50．A

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者作为一名老师的一次授课的经历，让作者意识到老师也可以从学生那里学到一些东西，同时也暗示了话语的力量之大。
47．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It serves as my reminder of a lesson I taught as a teacher but one I really learned from my student. (它提醒我作为老师教的一课，但我真正从我的学生那里学到了一课。)”并结合作者在教学中与Laura发生的不愉快的经历可知，Laura的行为让作者的思想发生了转变，认为老师也可以从学生那学习，所以作者觉得自己是名学生。故选C项。
48．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When I paused for her response, she stated, “You’re using your tool against me.” (当我停下来等待她的回答时，她说：“你在用你的工具对付我。”)”可知，Laura指控作者用语言对付她，这让作者感到无语。故选D项
49．推理判断题，根据倒数第二段中的“I knew at that moment the right thing to do was to kneel down next to her chair, and softly say, “You’re right, Laura. I have used my words unwisely and unkindly. Will you forgive me?” She looked me in the eye and simply said, “Yes, I forgive you, Mrs. Ekre. I’m sorry, too.” (我知道那一刻正确的做法是跪在她的椅子旁边，轻声说：“你说得对，劳拉。我用词不明智和不友善。你会原谅我吗？她看着我的眼睛，简单地说：“是的，我原谅你，埃克雷太太。我也很抱歉。”)”可知，作者委身向学生Laura诚挚地道歉并征得她的原谅，可以看出作者的宽容与豁达。故选B项。
50．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“At the end of the year, she wrote me a beautiful letter, attached to which was a small key-a tool, she said, for a language arts teacher who taught her how important words can be. (年底，她给我写了一封漂亮的信，信上附着一把小钥匙——她说，这是给一位语言艺术老师的工具，老师教她单词有多重要。)”并结合全文作者对该经历的阐述可知，话语是一种工具，可能会伤人，但也能去安慰人，所以Laura在给老师的礼物中的信中说到的是话语多么的重要，由此可推知，本文主要讲述的是话语的力量。故选A项。
51．A 52．B 53．B 54．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了最新的研究发现闪电对解决气候问题能起到积极作用。
51．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中 “Many are familiar with the potentially deadly dangers posed by lightning, which is blamed for an average of 43 deaths in the United States each year, based on data from 1989 to 2018.”（许多人都熟悉闪电带来的潜在致命危险，根据1989年至2018年的数据，美国每年平均有43人死于闪电） 可知，闪电危及人的生命。故选A项。
52．细节理解题。根据第三段“Researchers initially thought there was a problem with the equipment on the plane, which was being used to measure the hydroxyl radicals (羟基自由基) in the atmosphere until they realized increases they observed corresponded with lightning flashes.”（研究人员最初认为飞机上的设备出了问题，这些设备被用来测量大气中的羟基自由基，直到他们意识到他们观察到的增加与闪电相对应。）可知，闪电过程中羟基自由基的增加导致了新发现。故选B项。
53．推理判断题。根据第四段“No one has seen that much in the atmosphere from natural processes, ever”（从来没有人从自然过程中在大气中看到过这么多）可知，Brune对这一发现是惊讶的。故选B项。
54．主旨大意题。第一段介绍本文话题为闪电在气候中所起的作用。第二段通过介绍闪电的危害引出最新的研究发现闪电有益处。第三至五段则围绕最新研究介绍其发现过程以及闪电如何在解决气候问题中发挥作用。所以短文是关于闪电可能有助于应对气候变化。故选C项。
55．B 56．A 57．D 58．A

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了暴力行为的原因不是游戏，而是暴力天性。
55．词义猜测题，根据文章第一段“Computer games have seriously caught the attention of Mass Media.(电脑游戏已经严重地引起了大众媒体的注意。)”和下文“and makes it very aware of them.(并让它非常清楚地意识到它们。)”可知，大量暴力游戏充斥着社会，并让社会清楚地意识到它们。由此猜测，划线词意为“充斥”，与strike（袭击，侵袭）同义。可引申为使社会印象深刻，故选B项。
56．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The research of the New York University led by Green and Bavelier claim that the player preferring active games get an improvement of some types of brain activity, related to processing of visual information.(由Green和Bavelier领导的纽约大学的研究声称，喜欢活跃游戏的玩家可以提高某些类型的大脑活动，与视觉信息的处理有关。)”可知，从Green和Bavelier的研究中我们能得知，游戏可以促进某些类型的大脑活动。故选A项。
57．细节理解题。根据后一段“This leads us to the conclusion that violence is not a consequence but the cause. People who are originally prone to violence may get irritated by games and perform violence in the “real world”. In this case violence in games is a simple justification of the violent nature of the player(这使我们得出结论，暴力不是结果，而是原因。原本有暴力倾向的人可能会被游戏激怒，在“现实世界”中实施暴力。在这种情况下，游戏中的暴力只是为玩家的暴力本性辩护)”可知，现实中的暴力原因在于一个人的暴力天性。故选D项。

58．主旨大意题。本文主要讲游戏和暴力之间的关系，第一段引出主题，第二段介绍游戏的功能与优点，第三段说明游戏和暴力之间的关系。根据文章最后一段“People who are originally prone to violence may get irritated by games and perform violence in the “real world”. In this case violence in games is a simple justification of the violent nature of the player.(原本有暴力倾向的人可能会被游戏激怒，在“现实世界”中实施暴力。在这种情况下，游戏中的暴力只是为玩家的暴力本性辩护。)”可知，有暴力倾向的人本身就会因为游戏而被激怒并在现实生活中实施暴力行为，其根本原因不是由暴力游戏引起，所以A选项“暴力：不是游戏的结果”能概括全文内容，适合用作文章标题。故选A项。
59．A 60．C 61．A 62．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是保护公海海洋生物多样性的统一条约达成一致，并分析了这一条约达成一致的成因与意义。
59．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea came into force in 1994, before marine biodiversity was a well-established concept.An updated framework to protect marine life in the regions outside national boundary waters, known as the high seas, had been in discussions for more than 20 years, but previous efforts to reach an agreement had repeatedly failed.(《联合国海洋法条约》于1994年生效，当时海洋生物多样性还没有成为一个公认的概念。保护国家边界水域以外区域（称为公海）海洋生物的最新框架已经讨论了20多年，但以前为达成协议所作的努力一再失败。)”可知，过去20多年一直对公海海洋生物多样性的保护法进行讨论，但都最终以失败而告终，所以这一成立于1994年的联合国海洋保护法应该是联合国海洋条约的基础。故选A项。
60．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“For the first time, United Nations members have agreed on a unified treaty (协议) to protect biodiversity on the high seas(联合国成员国首次就保护公海生物多样性的统一条约达成一致)”可知，联合国成员国第一次就公海保护生物多样性签订了条约约，划线单词前的“breakthrough marks(突破标志着)”以及划线单词后的“nearly two decades of work and builds on the legacy (遗产)of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.(近二十年的工作，并以《联合国海洋法条约》的遗产为基础。)”可知，这里的突破指的是“联合国海洋条约”的签署，也就标志着过去20年对保护海洋法讨论的结束。故选C项。
61．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The treaty also establishes ground rules for conducting environmental impact assessments for commercial activities in the oceans.(该条约还确立了对海洋商业活动进行环境影响评估的基本规则。)”可知，该条约还制定了商业海洋活动对海洋造成影响的评估规则，由此可以推断，该条约也会对商业海洋活动进行监管。故选A项。
62．推理判断题。根据首段“For the first time, United Nations members have agreed on a unified treaty (协议) to protect biodiversity on the high seas, representing a turning point for vast stretches of the planet where conservation has previously been held back by a confusing patchwork (拼凑)of laws.(联合国成员国首次就保护公海生物多样性的统一条约达成一致，这代表了地球上大片地区的一个转折点，这些地区的保护工作以前一直受到混乱的法律拼凑的阻碍。)”可知，联合国成员国就保护公海生物多样性的统一条约达成一致意见，对广大被一些拼凑法律阻止保护海洋的地区来说是一个很大的转折点，这也就意味着众多公海保护海洋生物多样性的统一得以实现，所以，这一条约的签订是历史性的成功。故选C项。
63．C 64．A 65．C 66．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几十年来最大的野火之一袭击了25英里长的工厂、农场和村庄，摧毁了意大利的旅游目的地。
63．细节理解题。第三段最后一句提到“Images recorded by Italian firefighters showed a thick layer of smoke swallowing residential buildings, warehouses and barns, and flames burning high just behind beach-side villas in the town of Porto Alabe, a popular tourist site, over 25 miles north of where the fires originated.”（意大利消防队员记录的图像显示，一层厚厚的烟雾吞没了居民楼、仓库和谷仓，在位于火灾源头以北25英里(约合25公里)的热门旅游景点波尔图阿拉贝镇(Porto Alabe)的海滨别墅后面，火焰熊熊燃烧。）由此判断，火焰在位于火灾起源地以北25英里以外的阿拉贝港 (Porto Alabe) 小镇海滨别墅后面燃烧，这是一个受欢迎的旅游景点。故选C。
64．推理判断题。第四段Maria Giovanna Campus所说“We had proudly signaled its presence to tourists, but we ended up neglecting it and leaving it to the flames” she said, adding “cleaning up the area around it would have been enough to protect it and preserve it.” ”（我们曾自豪地向游客表示它的存在，但最终忽视了它，把它留给了大火。她补充说，“清理它周围的区域就足以保护和保存它了。”）可知，她认为古树本可以被救下来。故选A。
65．细节理解题。第五段提到“In the affected areas of Sardinia and elsewhere in Italy, abandoned lands are often not properly maintained, which can help the fire spread, they said. ”（他们说，在撒丁岛和意大利其他受影响的地区，废弃的土地往往没有得到适当的维护，这可能会助长火势蔓延。）由此判断，正是因为荒废的土地没有维护从而导致了火势的蔓延。故选C。
66．推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了旅游景点的一场大火。第二段到第五段分别引用governor（官员）；prime minister（首相）；local archaeologist（当地的考古学家）和 expert（专家）的观点介绍火灾造成的损失和如何预防森林野火。由此判断，这篇文章通过引用不同人的观点来发展整篇文章。故选D。
67．B 68．D 69．D

【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了关于古埃及人生活的游览观光，包括本次游览要参观的地方、相应的展示内容以及订购信息。
67．细节理解题。根据Booking information中“£33”和“Free for under 5s and disabled visitors’ assistant(5岁以下免费，残疾游客助理免费)”可知，如果一对夫妇有一个四岁的孩子，但他们不是会员，要花的钱是£33*2=£66，故选B。
68．细节理解题。根据第一段“The tour will explore the preparation of the dead for burial, including mummification (木乃伊化) and the use of magic to help and protect people on their journey to the afterlife.(这趟旅程将探索为死者下葬做准备的过程，包括木乃伊化和使用魔法来帮助和保护人们在通往来世的旅途中。)”可知，这次游览会了解古埃及的习俗。故选D。
69．细节理解题。根据Booking information部分的“If you would like to bring a group of 10or more people or arrange a special out-of-hours tour, please email traveltradebookings@britishmuseum.org to discuss your options.(如果您想带一个10人以上的团队，或者安排一个特别的非工作时间参观，请发邮件给traveltradebookings@britishmuseum.org讨论你的选择。)”可知，如果游客团大于10人，需要发邮件询问自己的选择。故选D。
70．B 71．C 72．A

【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了澳大利亚的四个节假日休闲好去处。
70．细节理解题。根据Craigmhor Mountain Retreat 部分中的“Craigmhor is a perfect base for bush walk-ing, mountain biking, fishing, and bird watching. (Craigmhor是丛林漫步、山地自行车、钓鱼和观鸟的理想基地)”可知，你如果喜欢鸟，可以去Craigmhor Moun-tain Retreat 看鸟。故选B。
71．细节理解题。根据The Stone Cotage 部分中的“the two-bedroom self-contained house is perfect for small families and couples (这套两居室的独立式房子非常适合小家庭和情侣)”和“Private from the main house, the one-bedroom self-contained cottage has a veranda (这间有一间卧室的独立小屋与主屋分开，有一个阳台)”可知，在 The Stone Cottage 一共有三个卧室。故选C。
72．细节理解题。根据 The Stone Cottage 部分中的“Pets are welcome (欢迎携带宠物)”和Country Bam Retreat 部分中的“Pet friendly, however, you would need to make arrangements with Elaine or John first. (宠物友好型，但是你需要先与伊莱恩或约翰做出安排)”可知，最后两个目的地的特殊之处是都允许带宠物。故选A。
73．D 74．C 75．A 76．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了来自南非的 Thinus Booyscn 教授发明了一款智能水表，帮助人们节约用水。
73．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“a severe drought(严重的干旱)”和“water crisis(水危机)”等信息可知，由于严重于早缺水, 所以城市供水应该正在减少。由此可知，划线词意为“减少”，与decreasing同义。 故选D。
74．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thinus Booysen, a professor at Stellenbosch University, who had created a device in 2015 designed to help homeowners cut their power usage. Seeking to reduce water waste, Booysen figured he could adapt the device to measure water usage instead of electricity use.(Stellenbosch大学教授Thinus Booysen于2015年发明了一种设备，旨在帮助房主减少用电。为了减少水的浪费，Booysen认为他可以调整设备来测量用水量，而不是用电量)”可知，Booysen为了帮助人们节约用电，在2015年设计了一款设备，在遭遇水危机时，他将这一设备加以改进使其能够监测用水情况。由此推知，他是一个不但关心民生而且善于创新的人。故选C。
75．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Called Count Droputa, the device reports water usage once a minute while many conventional devices only record data once an hour. The system uses an app in the user’s cellphone and sends short messages in real time. “Within minutes, we would be able to tell the user, ‘Something has burst, or something is leaking,’” he says.(该设备名为Count Droputa，每分钟报告一次用水量，而许多传统设备每小时只记录一次数据。该系统使用用户手机中的应用程序，实时发送短信。他说：“几分钟内，我们就能告诉用户，‘有东西爆裂了，或者有东西泄漏了。’”)”可知，CountDropula 这种设备是智能的，且能够帮助用户节约用水。故选A。
76．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Booysen has looked at expanding togovernment buildings, hospitals and hotels. There are plans to roll out the device across Africa(Booysen已经考虑扩建政府大楼、医院和酒店。有计划在非洲各地推广该设备)”可知，Booysen想要进一步推广他的发明。故选B。