上海高考英语阅读理解专项训练

这是一份上海高考英语阅读理解专项训练，共55页。
阅读理解
jitterbug. Flip
Easier is better with the Jitterbug.
The easy-to-use Jitterbug@Flip has big buttons and an exclusive 5Star@Urgent Response button on the keypad.

EASY TO USE The large bright screen and simple YES and NO buttons make navigating the menu simple. Plus, the powerful speaker ensures every conversation will be loud and clear.
EASY TO ENJOY Wherever you go, a built-in camera makes it easy to capture and share your favourite memories. And with a long-lasting battery, you won’t have to worry about running out of power.
EASY TO BE PREPARED In any uncertain or unsafe situation, simply press the 5Star button and a highly-trained Urgent Response Agent will confirm your location, evaluate your situation and get you the help you need, 24/7.
The Jitterbug Flip is one of the most affordable cell phones on the market.
Powered by the nation’s largest and most dependable wireless network.

NO LONG-TERM
CONTARACTS
No cancellation fees
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To order or learn more, call
1-866-521-7856
or visit greatcall.com/Flip

1．When someone is in an unsafe situation, he/she should________.
A．push the NO button B．turn on the built-in camera
C．call 18665217856 D．press the 5Star button
2．If you buy a new Jitterbug now, ________.
A．you can get a free car charger B．you can get $25 discount
C．you should stick to a two-year contract D．you will be charged at most $14.99 a month
3．Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A．The Jitterbug Flip is very friendly to elderly people.
B．The Urgent Response Agent doesn’t provide service on weekends.
C．There is no need for customers to change their current phone number.
D．The affordable price makes the cell phone competitive on the market.


In Factfulness, Professor Hans Roslingasks raises questions like ‘How many girls finish school?’ and ‘What percentage of the world’s population is poor?’ It turns out that the majority of us get the answers to these questions completely wrong. Why does this happen? Factfulness sets out to explain why, showing that there are several human instincts that distort(扭曲)our perspective. This book focuses on our instinctive biases(偏见), offering practical advice to help us see the good as well as the bad in the world.

Are things getting worse every day? Is progress an impossible goal? In Enlightenment Now, Steven Pinker looks at the big picture of human progress and finds good news. We are living longer, healthier, freer and happier lives. Pinker asks us to stop paying so much attention to negative headlines and news that declares the end of the world. Instead, he shows us some carefully selected data. In 75 surprising graphs, we see that safety, peace, knowledge and health are getting better all over the world. Economic inequality, he claims, is not really a problem, because it is not actually that important for human well-being.

For more than two hundred years those who hold negative thoughts have been winning the public debate. They tell us that things are getting worse. But as a matter of fact, life is getting better. Income, food availability and lifespan are rising; disease, violence and child mortality are falling. Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better; he gives us reasons why as well. He shows us how human culture evolves in a positive direction thanks to the exchange of ideas and specialization. This bold book looks at the entirety of human history-from the Stone Age to the 21st century—and changes the concept that it’s all going downhill.

The majority of people believe that developing countries are in a terrible situation: suffering from incredible poverty and wars. The reality is that a great transformation is occurring. Over the past 20 years, more than 700 million people have increased their income and come out of poverty. This is happening across developing countries around the world. In his book The Great Surge, Stevens Radelet describes how all of this is happening and, more importantly, it shows us how we can speed up the process.
4．What is the common feature of the four books?
A．They focus on the present situations concerning developing countries.
B．They emphasize the importance of dealing with problems in poor countries.
C．They try to direct readers to a positive path in terms of human development.
D．They appeal to show more sympathy and understanding for poor countries.
5．Which author supports his arguments by providing factual evidence?
A．Hans Roslingasks. B．Steven Pinker. C．Matt Ridley. D．Stevens Radelet.
6．Which of the following can be a possible title for Book 3?
A．The Rational Optimist. B．Human History: Where Are We?
C．A Public Debate. D．Out of Povetty: What and How?

Once in a while, a very savvy and smart kid makes a difference and changes the course of history. Here are some people who left their mark at a young age.
Mary ShelleyThough she didn’t publish it until she was 21, Mary Shelley, an English Romantic novelist, wrote Frankenstein: or The Modern Prometheus when she was 18. She wrote several other well-regarded novels throughout her career, including Valperga(1823). The Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck (1830), Lodore (1835), and Falkner (1837), but Frankenstein became her best known and remains a classic, showing the dreadful consequences that arise after a scientist has artificially created a human being. The man-made monster in this novel inspired a similar creature in numerous American horror films.

Louis BrailleThe Braille language for the blind was developed by Louis Braille in 1824, when he was just 15 years old. He polished it and expanded it after that. Despite being blinded at the age of 3, he was inspired at a young age to conceive of a way to read and write. Braille consists of a code of 63 characters, each made up of one to six raised dots arranged in a six-position matrix or cell. The dots are embossed on paper and are read by using one’s fingers. He published the first Braille book. a three-volume history book, in 1837. He also became a notable musician and excelled as an organist. Upon receiving a scholarship, he went in 1819 to Paris to attend the National Institute for Blind Children, and from 1826 he taught there.

Bobby FischerIn 1958, at age 15, Bobby Fischer became the youngest chess player in history to be named grandmaster, the highest title possible. He had begun to attract international attention two years earlier when he was victorious in what became known as the “Game of the Century” between him and Donald Byme. His brilliant playing drew the attention of the American public to the game of chess, particularly when he won the world championship in 1972. His precocious skills inspired the Academy Award-nominated movie, Searching for Bobby Fischer(1993).

Malala YousafzaiIn 2014, at age 17, Malala Yousafzai became the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. The young activist from Pakistan had become famous for speaking out against the Taliban and encouraging young girls like herself to pursue an education. She made her first public speech touting the cause when she was only 11 years old. She attracted international attention when she survived an attempt on her life at age 15. She recovered, staying with her family in Birmingham, UK, where she returned to her studies and to activism. Her life was examined in the documentary He Named Me Malala (2015), whose title referenced the fact that Yousafzai had been named for the Afghan heroine Malala, who allegedly led her people to victory against the British in the 1880 Battle of Maiwand.

7．_______ got a world-wide reputation at the youngest age.
A．Mary Shelley B．Louis Braille
C．Bobby Fischer D．Malala Yousafzai
8．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Frankenstein by Mary Shelley was nominated the best American horror film ever.
B．Bobby Fischer’s remarkable talents aroused a debate about playing chess in the US.
C．Yousafzai returned to her studies and career in the UK after the attempted murder.
D．Louis Braille had taught music and biology for the blind students in Paris since 1826.
9．To make a speech entitled “It’s not easy to attain success”, you may read _______’s life stories for reference.
A．Mary Shelley and Louis Braille
B．Bobby Fischer and Malala Yousafzai
C．Mary Shelley and Bobby Fischer
D．Louis Braille and Malala Yousafzai

Dear Doggy Diary
MONDAY
Now we’ve surely got all we require for the puppy’s arrival: a basket, a screaming toy banana and a bag of dog food. For names, we are hesitating between Spike or Lenny—but, as I tell this list to a Black friend, I suddenly realize both names are associated with famous Black men, and panic that this is a little offence.
TUESDAY
Our friend Sam has kindly volunteered to “puppy proof” our home. “You don’t want to give him that screaming toy, that’s encouraging him to eat your sofa,” she says, inspecting our purchases disapprovingly. She hands us a book, by Dr Ian Dunbar. “This guy”, she assures us, “is a Super Babysitter for dogs.”
WEDNESDAY
Spent last night ______57______ Dunbar has plenty of wisdom on “positively communicating” with the puppy, but nothing on how to get a puppy and also two young children.
THURSDAY
D-Day. Now the registration website wants a dog name at short notice. So, we go for “Buzz”. One syllable (音节) and with multi-generational fascination (Granny thinks Aldrin, kids think Lightyear).
FRIDAY
I feel very hesitant about saying so, but last night went well. Buzz is incredibly cute, the kids adore him and he’s very cute and only did one pee (排尿) on the blanket, and did I mention he’s cute?
SATURDAY
“Love” feels like a stretch right now. Our “play” was evidently not “focused” enough to prevent Buzz biting through our sofa. Also, our three-year-old thinks it’s funny to run away, so Buzz wrestles him to the ground and licks all over his face. I suspect this isn’t the best way to prepare Buzz for engaging with the public.
SUNDAY
The whole house smells of dog. I find this nasty, but friends, family, and people we barely know existed are dropping by to meet him. “It’s like having a baby, eh?” says my neighbor, Erik, brightly. “Yes, but it’s a baby you can neglect when it cries!” I respond cheerfully. He frowns (皱眉).
MONDAY
It’s 2 A．M. on the coldest day of the year and I’m on my hands and knees in the bushes. I think you’ve never really experienced a harsh mid-winter until you’re trying to run after a puppy. Then, we return inside, and it’s just me and Buzz. Peace. I should put him back in his cage, but I find I can’t resist a hug. Don’t tell my wife.
10．What does the phrase “puppy proof” our home mean in paragraph 2?
A．Make our home clean enough for the puppy. B．Inspect our home to make it puppy-friendly.
C．Prove that the puppy will satisfy our needs. D．Decorate our home with books on puppies.
11．In the diary of “WEDNESDAY”, a passage is missing. Which of the following plot best fits into the numbered blank?
A．Picking a dog ’s name from a name list of Blacks.
B．Looking over the house for potential safety hazards.
C．Studying Dunbar’s book on how to take care of a dog.
D．Visiting Dunbar in person in order to adopt his puppy.
12．Which of the following is the reason for naming the puppy “Buzz”?
A．Other choices imply strong prejudice against Black people.
B．Its pronunciation resembles the puppy’s cute and short bark.
C．The registration website recommends the name to the family.
D．The name holds appeal to both the elder and the younger generations.
13．Which of the following does the diary feature after the adoption of the puppy?
A．Chaos and cuteness. B．Hatred and love. C．Mess and cleanliness. D．Abuse and affection.

More and more online shopping platforms now offer consumers a detailed look into products’ historical prices. But how does this information influence buying decisions?
To explore this question, we conducted a series of experiments with a total of more than 5,000 business school students and working adults. We measured the impact of different kinds of price shifts on people’s interest in purchasing products and identified several consistent trends:
First, when consumers saw that the price today was lower than it had been in the past, they were more likely to buy now, because the current price seemed like a good deal.
However, the picture gets more complicated when you consider the frequency of historical price shifts: In our studies, we found that if consumers were shown at least three changes in the same direction, they were likely to assume the price would continue to move in the same direction. While if they were only shown one or two changes in the same direction, they expected the price to change in the opposite direction.
So what does this mean for sellers? It may be tempting to slowly lower the price over time. However, our data shows that this can lead consumers to assume that the price will continue to fall, making them hesitant to buy. But if they just see a single price drop, they ‘re more likely to expect a reversal in the near future, pushing them to buy the product now.
Our findings can also help buyers make more informed decisions about whether and when they choose to make a purchase. As with any irrational bias (非理性的偏见), awareness of the natural tendency to expect trends to continue and single large changes to reverse can help consumers question this assumption before acting on it. Instead of letting this arbitrary (武断的) expectation guide buying decisions, consumers may benefit by doing a bit more research around the underlying factors driving price shifts. Buyers may also benefit from learning more about a product’s longer-term price history, fluctuations (波动), and typical industry-wide price ranges, to avoid being disproportionately influenced by near-term price changes. It’s also always a good idea to think about both how urgent your need for a given product is, and your own risk tolerance for a potential price increase, as this can affect whether it’s worth it for you to wait and see if the price falls.
Of course, there are countless factors that influence both consumers’ decisions around whether and when to buy and sellers’ decisions around how to price their products. But it’s important for both sides to recognize the key role that expectations play in influencing these decisions.
14．Which of the following is true about the experiment?
A．It proves that people’s interest in the product drives the purchasing behavior.
B．E-commerce platforms turn to it to connect with customers and boost sales.
C．It’s designed to figure out the purchasing decision process based on pricing.
D．Business school students make up the whole control group for comparison.
15．Which of the following price trends might tempt consumers to buy on May 8th?
A． B．
C． D．
16．Consumers are advised to .
A．decide on the assumptions that long-term price trend will continue
B．research longer-term price history, price ranges and hidden factors
C．put off the purchase for better deals because of the unsustainable market
D．cooperate with sellers while putting aside the personal risk and urgency
17．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．How do price changes influence buying decisions?
B．Why should products’ historical prices be shown?
C．When is the best time for consumers to purchase?
D．What do businesses need to price their products?

DART II System


18．The two objects circled at the bottom of the picture arc probably .
A．relays B．monitors C．anchors D．sensors
19．What can be inferred about the buoy?
A．The sensors fixed on the floating buoy record the sea pressure.
B．It communicates with other devices through single-way signals.
C．The buoy features direct connection to scientists and the monitor.
D．It sends data collected from both the depths and surface of the ocean.
20．DART II System is most probably designed to .
A．detect upcoming tsunamis
B．transmit satellite data to the seabed
C．monitor marine biodiversity
D．change the buoy into a ground station

Give the Senate (参议院) some credit: in shaping the current immigration-reform bill, it has come up with one idea that almost everybody hates. That’s the plan to create a new class of “guest workers” — immigrants who would be allowed to work in the U.S. for three two-year stretches, at most, provided that they return home to stay for a year after each visit. Conservatives dislike the plan because they believe that the guest workers won’t return home after their visas expire. Liberals dislike it because they believe the program will depress American wages and trap guest workers. The only supporters of the bill are businesses that rely heavily on immigrant labor, and they’re probably just looking out for themselves.
With the broader concerns about the effects of illegal immigration, the hostility to the new plan is understandable. However imperfect, the guest-worker program is better than any politically feasible alternative. Opponents of immigration sometimes imply that adding workers to a work-force automatically brings wages down. But immigrants tend to work in different industries than native workers, and have different skills, and so they often end up complementing native workers rather than competing with them. That can make native workers more productive and therefore better off.
According to a recent study by the economists Gianmarco Ottaviano and Giovanni Peri, immigration actually boosted the wages of most American workers; its only negative effect was a small one, on the wages of workers without a high-school diploma. And if by increasing the number of legal guest workers we reduced the number of undocumented workers, the economy would benefit even more.
Guest workers are also, paradoxically, less likely than illegal immigrants to become permanent residents. The U.S. already has a number of smaller—and less well-designed—temporary-worker programs, and there’s no evidence that workers in those plans routinely overstay their visas. One remarkable study found that after border enforcement was stepped up in 1993 the chance of an illegal immigrant returning to his homeland to stay fell by a third.
In fact, whatever benefits the guest-worker program brought to the U.S. economy or to particular businesses, the biggest winners would be the workers themselves. There are few, if any, foreign-aid programs that do as much for people in developing countries as simply allowing them to work in U. S. legally. This program’s costs to American workers are insignificant, the gains for the guest workers are enormous, and the U.S. economy will benefit. This is that rare option which is both sensible and politically possible.
21．According to the passage, the guest-worker program ________.
A．allows immigrants to work in the U.S. for six continuous years
B．has aroused criticism from conservatives, liberals and the business world
C．will make local workers more productive as it brings fierce competition
D．is a sensible approach to resolving the illegal immigration problems
22．Gianmarco Ottaviano and Giovanni Peri point out that immigration ________.
A．is immune from negative effects
B．will root out undocumented labourers
C．has led to economic prosperity and social stability
D．has enhanced wages of most American workers
23．Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 4?
A．Illegal immigrants are more likely to stay permanently in the U.S. than guest workers.
B．With stepped-up border control, illegal immigrants are more likely to stay in their homeland.
C．Workers in temporary-worker programs usually pay no attention to their visa duration.
D．Guest workers will not stay too long because of the enhanced border enforcement.
24．What is the author’s attitude towards guest workers’ plan?
A．Indifferent. B．Neutral. C．Favorable. D．Negative.

I know when the snow melts and the first robins (知更鸟) come to call, when the laughter of children returns to the parks and playgrounds, something wonderful is about to happen.
Spring cleaning.
I’ll admit spring cleaning is a difficult notion for modern families to grasp. Today’s busy families hardly have time to load the dishwasher, much less clean the doormat. Asking the family to spend the weekend collecting winter dog piles from the melting snow in the backyard is like announcing there will be no more Wi-Fi. It interrupts the natural order.
“Honey, how about spending the weekend beating the rugs, sorting through the boxes in the basement and painting our bedroom a nice lemony yellow?” I ask.
“Can we at least wait until the NBA matches are over?” my husband answers.
But I tell my family, spring cleaning can’t wait. The temperature has risen just enough to melt snow but not enough for Little League practice to start. Some flowers are peeking out of the thawing ground, but there is no lawn to seed, nor garden to tend. Newly wakened from our winter’s hibernation, yet still needing extra blankets at night, we open our windows to the first fresh air floating on the breeze with all of the natural world demanding “Awake and be clean!”
Biologists offer a theory about this primal impulse to clean out every drawer and closet in the house at spring’s first light, which has to do with melatonin, the sleepytime hormone our bodies produce when it’s dark. When spring’s light comes, the melatonin declines, and suddenly we are awakened to the dusty, virus- filled house we’ve been hibernating in for the past four months.
I tell my family about the science and psychology of a good healthy cleaning at spring arrival. I speak to them about life’s greatest rewards waiting in the removal of soap scum (浮垢) from the bathtub, which hasn’t been properly cleaned since the first snowfall.
“I’ll do it,” says the eldest child, a 21-year-old college student who lives at home. “You will? Wow!” I exclaim.
Maybe after all these years, he’s finally grasped the concept. Maybe he’s expressing his rightful position as eldest child and role model. Or maybe he’s going to Florida for a break in a couple of weeks and he’s being nice to me, the financial-aid officer.
No matter. Seeing my adult son willingly cleaning that dirty bathtub gives me hope for the future of his 12-year-old brother who, instead of working, was found to be sleeping in the seat of the window he was supposed to be cleaning.
“Awake and be clean!” I say.
25．According to the passage, for modern families, spring cleaning ________.
A．calls for more complicated skills
B．is no longer something natural to do
C．is a highly-respected tradition
D．requires more family members to be involved
26．Why does the author say “spring cleaning can’t wait”?
A．Because spring is the best time for us to relax ourselves.
B．Because there will be more activities when it gets warmer.
C．Because our garden requires immediate cleaning after winter.
D．Because the weather in spring makes it easier for us to do so.
27．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The reduction of melatonin will give rise to wakefulness in our bodies.
B．A dusty, virus-filled house is largely to blame for our sleepiness in winter.
C．A role model is needed to help other members grasp the concept of spring cleaning.
D．The author’s eldest son agrees to clean the bathtub because she will finance his trip.
28．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Spring Cleaning Affords No Delay!
B．Modernity Kills Spring Cleaning
C．Spring Cleaning — to Do or Not to Do?
D．The Young Need Spring Cleaning

AFRICAN MANGO FAQs
Q: How do I use AFRICAN MANGO?
A: It’s simple… Just take one rapid-release capsule (胶囊), 3 times daily before meals (i.e., 30 minutes before breakfast, lunch, and dinner.)
Q: Is it safe?
A: Yes. Unlike other diet pills, Pure African Mango Extract does not contain any natural or artificial stimulants. Clinical studies have shown this nutrient to be both safe and well-tolerated. It’s easy on your system and helps you lose body fat naturally.
Q: Who uses AFRICAN MANGO?
A: Everybody from A-List Hollywood movie stars to everyday men and women who want to lose pounds and inches of excess body fat. It’s currently popular in Hollywood today because many of today’s movie scripts call for actors and actresses to be in their absolute best shape.
Q: Do I have to exercise and diet in order to see results?
A: Research shows 100% Pure African Mango Extract helped people lose weight and belly fat without additional diet or exercise. However, in order to achieve your best weight-loss results, we highly recommend incorporating fun lifestyle exercises (like walking, tennis, etc.) and replacing high-calorie foods with healthy nutrient–dense foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and lean proteins. Also, drinking more water daily speeds weight loss, according to a new study from Virginia Tech University.
Q: When I place my order, it’s a one-time-only transaction (交易), right?
A: Yes. When you shop with us, you can shop with confidence and peace of mind. Every order placed with us is 100% safe and secure. Our site is scanned and tested daily by McAfee SECURE. “The McAfee SECURE” trust mark (see the upper-left corner of our website) only appears when the website has passed their intensive, daily security scan.
What’s more, our customers never have to worry about being enrolled in auto-reship or auto-rebilling (自动付款) scams (骗局). Each and every order placed with us is a one-time-only transaction.
CONSUMER TIP: Beware of sites that offer “free trials”, which claim to charge only a small fee for shipping. However, more often than not, these “free trials” websites will continue to charge your card for regular monthly shipments if you don’t return your “free trials” within 10 to 14 days.
As the Official Website of African Mango, we offer only the purest, most effective African Mango available. What’s more, as an accredited business, we do not engage in auto-rebilling, auto-reshipping, or any other business practices that are considered morally unacceptable. Your results, and your satisfaction, are 100% guaranteed.
29．What does the word FAQs in the title of the article mean?
A．Fully Accepted Qualities. B．Fantastic African Qualities.
C．Face-to-face Associated Quotations. D．Frequently Asked Questions.
30．In what way will the medicine take effect to its fullest?
A．Take pills regularly and you are sure to achieve your absolute best shape.
B．Leading a fun lifestyle will guarantee the medicine to work efficiently.
C．A diet which is rich in diverse nutrients will contribute to the effect.
D．High-calorie food and enough water can help the medicine work best.
31．It can be learned from the passage that ________.
A．McAfee SECURE promises the security of your online order
B．auto-rebilling and auto-reshipping are reliable business practices
C．many web sites providing “free trials” service are considered to be secure
D．African Mango is a safe diet pill because only natural stimulants are contained in it

In Central America, scientists have made some recent discoveries about the ancient Maya people. These findings show that the Maya developed their civilization centuries earlier than experts thought. While Europe was still in the midst of the Dark Ages, these Maya had charted the heavens, evolved the only true writing system native to the Americas and were masters of mathematics and calendar. Without advantage of metal tools, beasts of burden or even the wheel, they were able to construct vast cities. Their legacy in stone, which has survived in an impressive fashion at places, lives on as do the seven million descendants (后嗣) of the classic Maya civilization.
Scientists have made some recent discoveries about the ancient Maya people. Experts call the time between the year 250 and the year 1900 the Classic Maya Period. It was a period of great civilization. Until now, scientists think that earlier Maya people were simple farmers. The discoveries show that they used writing, drew pictures and built complex structures. Three separate teams made the discoveries in the rainforest of Guatemala (危地马拉).
Scientists have found some things they say are more than 2000 years old. For example, a team found two masks inside the main pyramid in a city. These masks are three meters tall. They are cut in the image of a sun god. The Maya used the pyramid as a temple. The masks may have been a part of ceremonies led by a king.
At Waka, scientists found the burial place of a woman they think was a Maya queen. They believe she ruled more than 1,200 years ago. Her bones were lying on a stone table. Many jewels surrounded her remains. The team also found pieces of green stone that appeared to be the remains of the kind of war helmet worn by rulers. Scientists say the discovery will help them understand how Maya women shared power with men. Not many burial places of important royal women have been found. Also in northern Guatemala, scientists found a stone showing an 8th-century king playing a game of ball with visiting rulers. It is the third such stone found at the city of Cancuen. They also found large pieces of stone with writing and pictures of leaders. A Guatemalan expert called it one of the greatest masterpieces of Maya art ever discovered in Guatemala.
32．How is the text organized?
A．Supporting examples—Argument—Explanation.
B．Opinion—Discussion—Important description
C．Main idea—Conclusion—Supporting examples
D．Introduction—Supporting examples—Comparison
33．The scientists’ findings show that ________.
A．Maya people lived a simple life in Guatemala in the midst of the Dark Ages
B．The Maya developed their civilization centuries earlier than experts thought
C．Maya people succeeded in their legacy from generation to generation
D．The classic Maya civilization that their ancestors created is attractive
34．Which of the following is the most valuable according to the passage?’
A．Two masks inside the main pyramid in a city
B．A burial place of a woman
C．A stone showing an 8th-century king
D．Large pieces of stone with writing and pictures of leaders
35．What might be the most suitable title for the text?
A．Earlier Development of Maya B．The Greatest Discovery
C．A Research on Maya D．A Scientific Adventure

Lawmakers in New Jersey recently advanced a bill that would ban businesses from going cashless — a move that would put the state at odds with the global trend toward electronic payments but would strengthen resistance from local officials who see no-cash policies as discriminatory.
Almost 1 of 3 Americans in 2018 say they don’t use cash during a typical week of purchases, according to a Pew Research Center study released this week. The findings reveal that Americans are becoming less reliant on paper currency, mirroring shifts in Sweden, India and China.
But state and local officials say that restaurants and shops that adopt cashless policies have left some members of the community behind - individuals without the means to open a bank account or who lack access to lines of credit or the mobile apps that power digital payments.
The New Jersey measure, which would apply only to face-to-face sales and would exclude Internet and phone purchases, comes as officials push similar efforts to bar no-cash rules in New York, Philadelphia and the District.
While cashless policies offer consumers the promise of convenience and provide businesses greater protection against theft and shoddy record-keeping, they also can exclude low-income consumers or undocumented immigrants, critics say.
“Cash-free businesses are discriminatory by design and pose challenges to low-income communities that may not have access to credit/debit,” New York City Council member Ritchie Torres said on Twitter last month when he introduced a bill that would ban the practice.
According to the Pew study, the decline in the use of physical currency is uneven among the population when race, age and income are accounted for. Pew found a significant gap in cashless adoption tied to annual household income, with adults making at least $75,000 more than twice as likely to make all their purchases without using cash in a typical week, compared with people who make less than $30,000.
The Pew findings suggest that the benefits of going cashless may come with a cost that only some groups of people will bear. Americans with lower incomes are roughly four times as likely than higher earners to make all or almost all of their purchases with cash, according to the study.
As CNBC has noted, business leaders have defended cashless policies by pointing to higher security and improved customer service and efficiency, even as they acknowledge their critics. Some advocates have focused on providing people who are underserved by the traditional banking system with more affordable options, attacking the root cause behind the criticisms of cashless payments.
*Note: CNBC美国消费者新闻与商业频道
36．What can be inferred about the global trend towards electronic payments?
A．Countries in the world are banning digital payments in their own ways.
B．Most countries are experiencing the increasing digitalization of payments.
C．Some countries are proposing measures to discourage cashless policies.
D．Most countries are actively promoting the circulation of physical currencies.
37．Why are some people left behind by no-cash policies?
A．Because they are opposed to electronic payments.
B．Because they lack the motive to open a bank account.
C．Because they don’t have access to financial institutions.
D．Because they are unable to use payment-related mobile apps.
38．Cashless policies may bring about the following benefits EXCEPT ________.
A．great convenience to consumers
B．greater protection against theft
C．excluding undocumented immigrants
D．improvement in customer service and efficiency
39．What is implied in the passage?
A．Americans with higher income are more likely to use cash.
B．Paper currencies will be replaced by digital payments soon.
C．Some people may pay a price for adopting electronic payments.
D．The gap in household income is irrelevant to the payment habits of people.

A Chinese coin found in a Hampshire field suggests that medieval (中世纪) trade between England and the Far East was more extensive than previously thought, a historian has said.
The coin of the Northern Song dynasty dates from 1008-1016, but is of a type that remained in wide use in China for several hundred years.
It is the second Chinese coin found in a medieval context in England and experts said that its discovery added weight to the idea that the two coins were genuine medieval losses and not dropped by modern collectors.
The coin was found by a detectorist near Petersfield and about 20 miles from the only other Chinese work of art from medieval England: a piece of blue and white porcelain (瓷器) from a small cup or bowl, which could be placed in Winchester in the 14th century.
Caitlin Green, a historian at the University of Cambridge, suggested in a blog that the coin might have been brought to England at about the same time as the porcelain.
She said the finds of this coin and another Northern Song dynasty coin of 1066-77, unearthed in Cheshire, suggest the Winchester porcelain may have been part of the objects from the Far East in the 14th century rather than a one-off. This was centuries before imports of Chinese goods became widespread in the 1600s, but about the same time as Chinese pottery is known to have been owned by royals in France and Italy.
The history of Chinese goods in Britain goes back further, however, with rich Roman Britons known to have bought Chinese silk.
Dr Green said that goods from China would have reached England over several stages by way of the Middle East and Italy.
40．What can be learned about the two Chinese coins mentioned in the passage?
A．They were unearthed at the same site.
B．They were believed to have arrived at England in the 1300s.
C．They were found to have been owned by royals in France and Italy.
D．They were dropped by modem collectors.
41．The word “one-off” (paragraph 6) most probably means _______.
A．something that doesn’t happen regularly
B．something that doesn’t happen only once
C．something that happens on a small scale
D．something that happens unexpected
42．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage??
A．Chinese coin hints at vast medieval trade route
B．Coins and white porcelain trace back to ancient China
C．Chinese silk points at a lasting England-China relationship
D．History of Chinese goods in Britain has been redefined

The last time the horse seriously competed with man-made transport for speed was 1830, when a stagecoach won a race against America’s first domestically manufactured steam locomotive (蒸汽机车).
Now horsekind has emerged victorious over what is in theory a far more powerful opponent — the broadband internet connection.
The contest over the gently rolling hills of the Sauerland, a pretty district in western Germany, started as a joke.
Klaus-Peter Kappest, a photographer from Oberkirchen, had been frustrated for years by the slow pace of his uploads. At 15 megabits (比特,一种信息量单位) per second, it sometimes takes him several hours to send a batch of high-resolution images to his clients. One day Mr Kappest, 52, was chatting to his colleagues at Woll, a local magazine. He suggested that he would be better off delivering his photographs by horse. “That was the most reliable communications technology in the Middle Ages,” he said. “And the editor said, ‘Well let’s do it then, let’s see which is truly faster.”
Mr Kappest turned to Jakob Schutte, a rider who lives in the same village, and Favo, his horse. The photographer burnt 4.2GB of images on to a DVD, packed it into a bag and sent it off with Favo and Mr Schutte on the 10km ride to the printer’s office in Schmallenberg.
At the same time he uploaded the data through WeTransfer, a popular file-sharing service. The computer had a 20-minute head start while Mr Schutte started off down the road, past Wilzenberg mountain. Favo made the journey in 104 minutes. The file transfer, however, was not finished until the horse had returned to Oberkirchen more than two hours later. In total it took five hours.
There was a serious point behind the story. Germany has long been known for its poor broadband and mobile internet coverage, particularly in the countryside. Two years ago a report by a network regulator found that 29 per cent of internet users received less than half the speed to which they were contractually entitled. While things have improved, a global survey carried out this year found that it took on average 16 minutes and eight seconds to download a 5GB film through a German internet connection—a little better than the UK but worse than Puerto Rico and Barbados.
In the Sauerland, Mr Kappest’s area, millions of euros have been spent on a new network but the connections have yet to be switched on in dozens of towns and villages, including Oberkirchen. The horse race did its job: Mr Kappest has since been assured that his broadband will be up and running next month.
43．The story of a stagecoach is mentioned in the first paragraph mainly to _______.
A．lead in the topic B．introduce a new race
C．highlight a historical year D．correct people’s misunderstanding
44．Which of the following is true of Jakob Schutte and his horse?
A．They were hired by WeTransfer.
B．They used to live in Schmallenberg.
C．They completed the task in less than two hours.
D．They spent five hours on the way to Oberkirchen.
45．Which of the following is a consequence of the horse race?
A．Germany will realize its poor broadband service.
B．Mr Kappest will soon have a better internet connection.
C．More euros will be spent on the new network in the Sauerland.
D．Oberkirchen will be the first in Germany to stop any horse race,
46．Which of the following may be the best title of the passage?
A．Germany falls behind in wifi connection
B．History hardly repeats itself in normal ways
C．Uploading photographs in a modem world is all that easy
D．Horse power still has an advantage in race with village wifi

Our lives are made up of human-machine interactions—with smartphones, televisions, computers—that have the power to delight and, often, frustrate. Into this area has stepped a new class of professional: the user-experience, or UX, designer, whose job is to see a product not from an engineer’s, marketer’s, or legal department’s perspective but from the viewpoint of the user alone. And to insist that the customer should not have to learn to speak the company’s internal language. The company should learn to speak the customer’s.
According to a recent survey, the role of UX designers has become a fixture on those year-end “hottest job” lists. If you want to study UX, you now have the option at some three dozen institutions in the United States, including Carnegie Mellon and the University of Washington. But Ford is one of the few major industrial companies in the U.S. to put a UX expert, Jim Hackett, in charge.
At present, the question facing the car industry is basically whether high-tech giants such as Tesla and Google can learn car-making technology trains faster than Ford, GM, and other carmakers can learn software and algorithms. But Hackett reflects Ford’s bet that the winner won’t be the best chassis (底盘) maker or software maker, but the company that nails the interaction between man and machine. “One of the things that drew me to Jim was his commitment to design thinking, which puts the human being at the center of the equation,” explained Bill Ford, the company’s executive chairman.
Hackett retired from Steelcase, a furniture maker, in 2014 and in 2016, Bill Ford hired him to run the automaker’s Smart Mobility subsidiary, which was tasked with rethinking from the ground up how cars would be driven, powered, and owned. “This is what we call the design gap,” said Hackett in an interview, pointing to the space between two lines on a graph he’d drawn on a whiteboard. One line climbs up—this is a company’s skill at making things, which goes up over time. Below it is a downward line, representing a company’s understanding of the customer’s experience. This, he said, can decline over time, as a company loses sight of the problems it’s in the business of solving. The design gap may be noticeable when the job is, say, building a marginally better tailgate for the Ford F-150. But it becomes positively yawning when your industry is so thoroughly turned on its head that you’re forced to ask some basic questions: Do people want to own their cars or share them? Drive them or have them driven? The flood of new technologies makes everything possible.
47．Which of the following statements best describes a UX designer’s responsibility?
A．He is devoted to designing innovative products.
B．He is devoted to making a product satisfy users’ needs.
C．He is devoted to improving a company’s internal language.
D．He is devoted to understanding human-machine interactions.
48．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．UX designers are regarded as one of those best-paid jobs.
B．High-tech giants have taken the lead in car manufacturing.
C．Companies are laying greater emphasis on customers’ feelings.
D．The UX courses provided by the US institutions are far from enough,
49．Ford hires Jim Hackett because the company believes that _______.
A．it is currently facing the biggest challenge that needs a new perspective
B．Hackett’s design thinking is quite different from other UX professionals
C．customers’ experience plays a decisive role in the car-making competition
D．Steelcase gave Hackett enough time and experience to grow up into an expert
50．What is Jim Hackett most likely to agree with?
A．For should pay less attention to new technologies.
B．Ford has long been ignoring customers’ experience.
C．Ford is no longer a leading company in auto making skills.
D．Ford has made a wrong decision to build a tailgate for the F-150.

Arthur Conan Doyle
Arthur Conan Doyle is an icon of British literature, world renowned for his crime fiction creation, “Sherlock Holmes”. His ability to create exciting stories filled with mystery still resonates with readers today, and modern reincarnations (再生) in both film and television mean Holmes is as popular as ever. The creation of such an extraordinary world would be an impossible task for most, so where did Doyle find the inspirations behind its conception?
The topics, characters and events that unfold within Doyle’s creations may seem far removed from you or I, but for Arthur, they were much closer to home. The main inspiration for Holmes was Arthur’s professor at Edinburgh Medical School, Dr. Joseph Bell. The doctor, armed with fantastic scientific knowledge and remarkable abilities in observation and deduction (演绎), would know someone’s occupation and habits from the tiniest details. On one occasion, he shocked his class by deducing the occupation of a patient simply from his accent, schedule, and hands. Additionally, working with murder investigations, illnesses and dead bodies through his studies, Doyle became very knowledgeable about this area.
Since school, Doyle’s talent as a writer was clear as fellow pupils paid him in sweets just to continue his stories, so you would have to assume that the success of Sherlock on the national stage brought Doyle great happiness, right?
Well, not quite. Few people know that it didn’t take long for Doyle to get frustrated with the character. While he ranked his work highly, he actually felt that his career had, “gone off the rails” and wrote to his mother saying, “I must save my mind for better things.” Doyle saw Sherlock as an unwelcome distraction from more serious work which is why he killed him off in The Final Problem. Holmes and Moriarty plunge to their deaths at the Reichenbach Falls and Sherlock Holmes was finished.
But, as with any Holmes tale, there is a twist! Fans were extremly angry and canceled their subscriptions for The Strand Magazine in record numbers. The continuous pressure from fans and publishers finally led Doyle to publish a new story, The Hound of Baskervilles, in 1901. This, however, was set before the death of Sherlock so the complete resurrection (复活) happened in 1903, with The Adventure of the Empty House, in which it is revealed that only Moriarty fell and Holmes faked his death.
51．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．The success of Sherlock Holmes made Doyle instant famous.
B．The invention of film and television has helped to promote Sherlock Holmes.
C．Doyle found inspiration mainly from Dr. Joseph Bell and his teacher in school.
D．Doyle’s writing capabilities was long recognized by his peers.
52．Why did Doyle feel frustrated with Sherlock Holmes?
A．The character was not as keen as Dr. Joseph Bell.
B．He couldn’t make much money from the book.
C．The book kept him from writing serious literature.
D．He was attacked by the fans of the book.
53．What can you infer from the passage?
A．Doyle didn’t show talent for writing until he met Dr. Joseph Bell.
B．The success of Sherlock Holmes was bitter-sweet to Doyle.
C．Many movies are adapted from the story of Sherlock Holmes.
D．Doyle was involved in murder investigations in order to write Sherlock Holmes.
54．This passage is most probably taken from ________.
A．a booklet of Doyle museum B．a website for fans of Holmes
C．a literary magazine D．an academic report

Back in 1964, in his book Games People Play, psychiatrist Eric Berne described a pattern of conversation he called “Why Don’t You — Yes But”, which remains one of the most annoying aspects of everyday social life. The person adopting the strategy is usually a chronic complainer. Something is terrible about their relationship, job, or other situation, and they complain about it endlessly, but find some excuse to dismiss any solution that’s proposed. The reason, of course, is that on some level they don’t want a solution; they want to be validated (认可) in their position that the world is out to get them. If they can “win” the game — dismissing every suggestion until interlocutor (对话者) gives up in annoyance — they get to feel pleasurably righteous (正当的) in their anger and excused from any obligation to change.
Part of the trouble here is the so-called responsibility/fault fallacy (谬误). When you’re feeling hard done by — taken for granted by your partner, say, or obliged to work for a stupid boss — it’s easy to become attached to the position that it’s not your job to address the matter, and that doing so would be an admission of fault. But there’s a confusion here. For example, if I were to discover a newborn at my front door, it wouldn’t be my fault, but it most certainly would be my responsibility. There would be choices to make, and no possibility of avoiding them, since trying to ignore the matter would be a choice. The point is that what goes for the baby on the doorstep is true in all cases: even if the other person is 100% in the wrong, there’s nothing to be gained, long-term, from using this as a justification to evade responsibility.
Should you find yourself on the receiving end of this kind of complaining, there’s a clever way to shut it down — which is to agree with it. Psychotherapist Lori Gottlieb describes this as “over-validation”. For one thing, you’ll be spared further complaining, since the other person’s motivation was to confirm her beliefs, and now you’re confirming them. But for another, as Gottlieb notes, people confronted with over-validation often hear their complaints afresh and start arguing back. The concept that they’re utterly powerless suddenly seems unrealistic, not to mention rather annoying — so they’re prompted instead to generate ideas about how they might change things.
“And then, sometimes, something magical might happen, ” Gotlieb writes. The other person “might realize she’s not as trapped as you are saying she is, or as she feels. ” Avoiding responsibility feels comfortable, but turns out to be a prison; whereas assuming responsibility feels unpleasant, but ends up being freeing.
55．What is the characteristic of a chronic complainer, according to Eric Berne?
A．They are angry about their ill treatment and feel bitter towards whoever tries to help.
B．They are habitually unhappy and endlessly find fault with people around them.
C．They constantly dismiss others’ proposals while taking no responsibility for dealing with the problem.
D．They lack the basic skills required for successful conversations with others.
56．What does the author try to illustrate with the example of the newborn on one’s doorstep?
A．People tend to think that one should not be held responsible for others’ mistakes.
B．It is easy to become attached to the position of overlooking one’s own fault.
C．People are often at a loss when confronted with a number of choices.
D．A distinction should be drawn between responsibility and fault.
57．What does the author advise people to do to chronic complainers?
A．Stop them from going further by agreeing with them.
B．Listen to their complaints attentively and sympathetically.
C．Ask them to validate their beliefs with further evidence.
D．Persuade them to clarify the confusion they caused.
58．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．What is the responsibility/fault fallacy for chronic complainers?
B．How can you avoid dangerous traps in everyday social life?
C．Who are chronic complainers and how to deal with them?
D．Why should we stop being a chronic complainer and assume responsibility?

Eight steps to refocus your anxiety
Thinking of issues that seem unfixable can lead to an anxious paralysis, but there’s hope.
This is some of the advice I give to those in need of help.
Take a break from the news. Doomscrolling can be addictive and increase the tragic nature of events. In one study, researchers found that those who were immersed in the Boston Marathon bombing news for multiple hours a day in the week after the event experienced higher stress than individuals who were on the scene. I advise those who are feeling depressed by the headlines to read the news just once a day, turn off alerts on their phone and, if possible, check social media less often.
Take care of yourself. You have to be in good fighting shape to cope with the current problems. That means boosting your resilience (韧性) by taking care of your nervous system (sleep well, eat well, exercise wisely) and engaging in positive activities.
Focus on the present. Get in the habit of putting yourself in the here and now. Worrying about the future is not helpful.
Try a breathing exercise. Taking a few deep breaths — for instance, breathing in into the count of five and breathing out to the count of five — will help calm your sympathetic nervous system (the fight or flight response) and lower your anxiety. At the very least, breathing gives you something to do when your feel your heart rate pounding quickly.
Think about your victories. Remind yourself of what’s working well in your own life — whether it’s your job, friendships, or the array of houseplants you cultivated during the pandemic.
Be your own therapist. Ask yourself, what do I specifically feel hopeless about and why? Being able to put into words what’s getting you down can help you feel less flooded by emotions and better able to process the information rationally(理性地).
Take action. Worrying doesn’t help one’s mental health, but taking action does. Look around your community. Maybe your local playground would benefit from a basketball court, or your church could sponsor a refugee family. When people engage in local issues, they have a renewed sense of optimism.
Join forces with a friend. Pick a cause. There are hundreds of nonprofits dedicated to addressing some of the most biggest challenges on the planet. Donate money to an inspiring organization or volunteer.
59．What’s the purpose of writing this passage?
A．To encourage people to help those in need.
B．To help those in need of help relieve anxiety.
C．To urge people to take action to help themselves.
D．To cheer readers up and boost a feeling of optimism.
60．What does the underlined part of the sentence mean?
A．“stopping moving and staying where you are”
B．“focusing on the present moment”
C．“placing yourself in a favorable environment”
D．“forgetting about the losses and gains”
61．Which of the following statements is in line with the author’s advice?
A．Only check social media once a day.
B．Involve oneself in activities that boost one’s nervous system.
C．Think of the past victories.
D．Engage in local issues and make contributions.

University Room Regulations
Approved and Prohibited Items
The following items are approved for use in residential rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players. Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers. Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.
Access to Residential Rooms
Students are provided with a combination (组合密码) for their room door locks upon check-in. Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone. The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others. The fee is $25 to change a room combination.
Cooking Policy
Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.
Pet Policy
No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms. Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, will pay an initial fine of $100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet. Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect. If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court.
Quiet Hours
Residential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the University. Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11:00 pm to 8:00 am Sunday through Thursday, Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1:00 am to 8:00 am. Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of $25.
62．If a visiting friend leaves a cat in the residence of a student for three days, what will happen?
A．The student will receive a fine of $1 50.
B．The student will be punished financially.
C．The student will receive a written notice immediately once the cat is found by the office.
D．The student will be sent to the Student Court to defend his or her case.
63．When can students enjoy a party in residences?
A．7:00 am, Sunday. B．7:30 am, Thursday.
C．11:30 pm, Monday. D．00:30 am, Saturday.
64．According to the regulations, how many statements listed here are true?
a. Wireless routers are allowed if they are registered in the office in advance.
b. No pets are allowed to be kept in the residence.
c. Students are required to close kitchen doors after cooking.
d. Under no circumstances is a student allowed to cook in his room.
A．0 B．1 C．2 D．3

If you ask something of ChatGPT, an artificial-intelligence (AI) tool that is going viral, the responses you get back are almost instantaneous, utterly certain and often wrong. It is a bit like talking to an economist. The questions raised by technologies like ChatGPT yield much more indecisive answers. But they are ones that managers ought to start asking.
One issue is how to deal with employees’ concerns about job security. Worries are natural. An AI that makes it easier to process your expenses is one thing; an AI that people would prefer to sit next to at a dinner party quite another. Being clear about how workers would redirect time and energy that is freed up by an AI helps foster acceptance. So does creating a sense of agency: research conducted by a team in Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) found that an ability to override (凌驾于) an AI makes employees more likely to use it.
Employees at Tapestry, a set of luxury brands, were given access to a forecasting model that told them how to assign stock to stores. Some used a model whose logic could be interpreted; others used a model that was more of a black box. Workers turned out to be likelier to overturn models they could understand because they were, mistakenly, sure of their own intuitions (直觉). Workers were willing to accept the decisions of a model they could not explain, however, because of their confidence in the expertise of people who had built it. The qualifications of those behind an AI matter.
The different ways that customers respond to humans and to algorithms (算法) is a booming area of research. In a recent paper Gizem Yalcin of the University of Texas at Austin and her coauthors looked at whether customers responded differently to decisions — to approve someone for a loan, for example, or a country club membership — when they were made by a machine or a person. They found that people reacted the same when they were being rejected. But they felt less positive about an organisation when they were approved by an algorithm rather than a human. The reason? People are good at explaining away unfavourable decisions, whoever makes them. However, it is harder for them to attribute a successful application to their own charming, delightful selves when assessed by a machine. People want to feel special, not reduced to a data point.
The picture that emerges from such research is messy. It is also dynamic: just as technologies evolve, so will attitudes. But it is crystal clear on one thing. The impact of ChatGPT and other AIs will depend not just on what they can do, but also on how they make people feel.
65．It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the author thinks economists are likely to ________.
A．be unconfident about their own standpoints
B．provide unreliable suggestions to the public
C．be frequent users of such AIs as ChatGPT
D．serve as qualified consultants for managers
66．According to the second and third paragraphs, which of the following statements is correct?
A．AI would be more accepted if it joins in social events like dinner parties.
B．Directors should find ways to remind employees of their false intuitions.
C．The finding of MIT research conflicts with the implication of Tapestry case.
D．Workers tend to accept a model hard to understand due to a sense of agency.
67．According to the passage, Gizem Yalcin’s finding best explains that people ________.
A．tend to forecast negative judgements whoever the maker
B．react the same when receiving favorable assessments
C．refuse to be rated by a machine employed by a company
D．value their distinctive features in a particular situation
68．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．employees’ and customers’ attitudes to AI
B．questions managers should ask AI tools
C．the research and development of AI techs
D．different ways of assessing AI applications


69．________ thinks kids are having an effect on the climate movement?
A．Joyce Sidman B．Ellen Nam
C．Naomi Klein D．Kushal Konwar Sarma
70．Which of the following statements is true about the three books?
A．Hello, Earth! is a collection of poems by young children.
B．How to Change Everything provides solutions to climate issues.
C．The Elephant Doctor of India is a non-fiction about a veterinarian.
D．Each of the three books deals with a specific environmental problem.
71．The passage is most likely from _________.
A．a scientific journal B．an animal brochure
C．an environmental report D．a children’s magazine














参考答案：
1．D 2．A 3．B

【导语】本文是应用文。文章是一篇关于手机的广告。
1．细节理解题。根据小标题EASY TO BE PREPARED后的段落中“In any uncertain or unsafe situation, simply press the 5Star button(在任何不确定或不安全的情况下，只需按下五星按钮)”可知，当有人处于不安全的情况下，他/她应该按下五星按钮。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第五行中“Buy now and get a FREECar Charger, a $25 value!(现在购买并获得免费汽车充电器，价值25美元!)”可知，如果你现在买一个新的Jitterbug，你可以得到一个免费的汽车充电器。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据小标题EASY TO BE PREPARED后的段落中“In any uncertain or unsafe situation, simply press the 5Star button and a highly-trained Urgent Response Agent will confirm your location, evaluate your situation and get you the help you need, 24/7.(在任何不确定或不安全的情况下，只需按下5星按钮，训练有素的紧急响应人员将确认你的位置，评估你的情况，并为你提供所需的全天候帮助)”可知，紧急响应代理是七天24小时工作的，所以B项错误。故选B项。
4．C 5．B 6．A

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本书，这四本书的共同点是试图引导读者在人类发展方面有积极的看法
4．细节理解题。根据第一部分的“Factfulness sets out to explain why, showing that there are several human instincts that distort(扭曲)our perspective. This book focuses on our instinctive biases(偏见), offering practical advice to help us see the good as well as the bad in the world.(《事实》试图解释其中的原因，表明人类有几种本能会扭曲我们的视角。这本书关注的是我们本能的偏见，提供实用的建议，帮助我们看到世界上好的一面和坏的一面)”，第二部分的“Are things getting worse every day? Is progress an impossible goal? In Enlightenment Now, Steven Pinker looks at the big picture of human progress and finds good news. We are living longer, healthier, freer and happier lives. (事情一天比一天糟糕吗？进步是一个不可能实现的目标吗？在《启蒙运动》中，史蒂文·平克着眼于人类进步的大局，发现了好消息。我们活得更长、更健康、更自由、更幸福)”，第三部分的“But as a matter of fact, life is getting better. Income, food availability and lifespan are rising; disease, violence and child| mortality are falling.(但事实上，生活正在变得越来越好。收入、粮食供应和寿命都在增加；疾病、暴力和儿童死亡率正在下降)”和最后一部分的“The majority of people believe that developing countries are in a terrible situation: suffering from incredible poverty and wars. The reality is that a great transformation is occurring. Over the past 20 years, more than 700 million people have increased their income and come out of poverty.(大多数人认为，发展中国家正处于可怕的境地：遭受着令人难以置信的贫困和战争。现实情况是，一场巨大的变革正在发生。在过去的20年里，超过7亿人增加了收入，摆脱了贫困)”可知，这四本书的共同点是：它们试图引导读者在人类发展方面有积极的看法。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第二部分的“Pinker asks us to stop paying so much attention to negative headlines and news that declares the end of the world. Instead, he shows us some carefully selected data.(Pinker要求我们不要再过分关注那些宣告世界末日的负面新闻和头条新闻。相反，他向我们展示了一些精心挑选的数据)”推知，Steven Pinker通过提供事实证据来支持他的论点。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第三部分“For more than two hundred years those who hold negative thoughts have been winning the public debate. They tell us that things are getting worse. But as a matter of fact, life is getting better. Income, food availability and lifespan are rising; disease, violence and child| mortality are falling. Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better; he gives us reasons why as well. He shows us how human culture evolves in a positive direction thanks to the exchange of ideas and specialization. This bold book looks at the entirety of human history-from the Stone Age to the 21st century—and changes the concept that it’s all going downhill.(两百多年来，那些持有负面想法的人一直在公众辩论中获胜。他们告诉我们情况越来越糟。但事实上，生活正在变得越来越好。收入、粮食供应和寿命都在增加；疾病、暴力和儿童死亡率正在下降。畅销书作家Matt Ridley不仅解释了情况是如何好转的；他也给了我们理由。他向我们展示了由于思想交流和专业化，人类文化是如何朝着积极的方向发展的。这本大胆的书审视了从石器时代到21世纪的整个人类历史，并改变了一切都在走下坡路的观念)”可知，这本书通过展示人类积极发展的真相主反驳那持负面想法的人，指出人们有理由看到积极的方面。由此推知“理性乐观派”可以作为本书的标题。故选A。
7．D 8．C 9．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍的是四位年轻时就出名的人物。
7．细节理解题。根据Mary Shelley部分的“Though she didn’t publish it until she was 21, Mary Shelley, an English Romantic novelist, wrote Frankenstein: or The Modern Prometheus when she was 18.(尽管英国浪漫主义小说家Mary Shelley直到21岁才出版了这本书，但她在18岁时就写了Frankenstein，又名The Modern Prometheus。)”，Louis Braille部分的“The Braille language for the blind was developed by Louis Braille in 1824, when he was just 15 years old.(盲文是由Louis Braille在1824年发明的，当时他只有15岁。)”，Bobby Fischer部分的“In 1958, at age 15, Bobby Fischer became the youngest chess player in history to be named grandmaster, the highest title possible. He had begun to attract international attention two years earlier when he was victorious in what became known as the “Game of the Century” between him and Donald Byme.(1958年，15岁的Bobby Fischer成为历史上最年轻的国际象棋大师，这是可能获得的最高头衔。两年前，他在与Donald Byme的“世纪之战”中获胜，开始引起国际关注。)”和Malala Yousafzai部分的“She made her first public speech touting the cause when she was only 11 years old.(当她只有11岁的时候，她第一次发表了公开演讲来宣传这一事业。)”可知，获得了世界声誉时最年轻的是Malala Yousafzai，故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据Malala Yousafzai部分的“She recovered, staying with her family in Birmingham, UK, where she returned to her studies and to activism.(她康复了，和家人住在英国伯明翰，在那里她重新开始学习和活动。)”可知，被谋杀未遂后，Yousafzai回到英国继续学业和工作。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据Louis Braille部分的“The Braille language for the blind was developed by Louis Braille in 1824, when he was just 15 years old. He polished it and expanded it after that. Despite being blinded at the age of 3, he was inspired at a young age to conceive of a way to read and write.(盲文是由Louis Braille在1824年发明的，当时他只有15岁。之后他对它进行了润色和扩展。尽管在3岁时失明，但他在很小的时候就受到启发，想出了一种阅读和写作的方法。)”和Malala Yousafzai部分的“She attracted international attention when she survived an attempt on her life at age 15. She recovered, staying with her family in Birmingham, UK, where she returned to her studies and to activism.(15岁时，她在一次暗杀中幸存下来，引起了国际社会的关注。她康复了，和家人住在英国伯明翰，在那里她重新开始学习和活动。)”可知，这两个人获得成功都不容易，所以要做一个题为“获得成功并不容易”的演讲，你可以阅读这两位的故事，故选D。
10．B 11．C 12．D 13．A

【导语】本文是一篇日记集选。文章讲述的是作者自从收养了一只小狗之后生活中发生的变化。
10．词义猜测题。根据划线单词下文““You don’t want to give him that screaming toy, that’s encouraging him to eat your sofa,” she says, inspecting our purchases disapprovingly. She hands us a book, by Dr Ian Dunbar. “This guy”, she assures us, “is a Super Babysitter for dogs.”(“你不会想给他那种会尖叫的玩具，那会鼓励他吃掉你的沙发，”她一边说，一边不以为然地检查着我们买的东西。她递给我们一本伊恩·邓巴博士写的书。“这家伙”，她向我们保证，“是狗的超级保姆。”)”可知，作者的朋友到作者的家里是帮助作者布置家里以适合小狗的生活。由此可推知，画线短语““puppy proof” our home”意为“检查我们的家，使它适合小狗。”故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据空处的下文“Dunbar has plenty of wisdom on “positively communicating” with the puppy, but nothing on how to get a puppy and also two young children.(邓巴在与小狗“积极沟通”方面有很多智慧，但没有关于提到如何得到一只小狗和两个年幼的孩子。)”可知，作者阅读了朋友所赠送的书，并了解了书中的内容。由此推断，空处内容和邓巴的书有关。选项C“Studying Dunbar’s book on how to take care of a dog.(学习邓巴关于如何照顾狗的书。)”指的是作者阅读邓巴的书，与上文内容保持一致。故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“One syllable (音节) and with multi-generational fascination (Granny thinks Aldrin, kids think Lightyear).(一个音节，并拥有多代人的喜爱(奶奶认为是Aldrin，孩子认为光年)。)”可推断，作者选这个名字是因为这个名字对于老一代和年轻一代人而言都有吸引力。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“I feel very hesitant about saying so, but last night went well. Buzz is incredibly cute, the kids adore him and he’s very cute and only did one pee (排尿) on the blanket, and did I mention he’s cute?(我很犹豫要不要这么说，但昨晚很顺利。巴斯非常可爱，孩子们都很喜欢它，它非常可爱，它只在毯子上尿过一次尿，我说过它很可爱吗?)”、第六段““Love” feels like a stretch right now. Our “play” was evidently not “focused” enough to prevent Buzz biting through our sofa. Also, our three-year-old thinks it’s funny to run away, so Buzz wrestles him to the ground and licks all over his face.(“爱”现在感觉有点牵强。我们的“游戏”显然不够“专注”，不足以防止巴斯咬破我们的沙发。还有，我们三岁的孩子觉得逃跑很好玩，所以巴斯把他摔在地上，舔了他一脸。)”、第七段“The whole house smells of dog. I find this nasty, but friends, family, and people we barely know existed are dropping by to meet him.(整个房子都有股狗腥味。我觉得这很恶心，但朋友，家人，还有我们几乎不认识的人都来见他了。)”、最后一段“I should put him back in his cage, but I find I can’t resist a hug. Don’t tell my wife.(我应该把他放回笼子里，但我发现我忍不住要拥抱他。别告诉我妻子。)”可判断，作者自从领养了小狗之后，日记从最初的有点混乱到后来充满对小狗的喜爱，以及描述了小狗的可爱。故选A。
14．C 15．B 16．B 17．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究分析了网上购物平台所提供的产品历史价格的详细信息是如何影响消费者购买决策的。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“More and more online shopping platforms now offer consumers a detailed look into products’ historical prices. But how does this information influence buying decisions? (现在，越来越多的网上购物平台为消费者提供了产品历史价格的详细信息。但是这些信息是如何影响购买决策的呢？)”和第二段“To explore this question, we conducted a series of experiments with a total of more than 5,000 business school students and working adults. We measured the impact of different kinds of price shifts on people’s interest in purchasing products and identified several consistent trends(为了探索这个问题，我们对5000多名商学院学生和在职成年人进行了一系列实验。我们测量了不同种类的价格变化对人们购买产品兴趣的影响，并确定了几个一致的趋势)”可知，该实验设计是为了弄清楚消费者基于价格的购买决策过程。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, the picture gets more complicated when you consider the frequency of historical price shifts: In our studies, we found that if consumers were shown at least three changes in the same direction, they were likely to assume the price would continue to move in the same direction. While if they were only shown one or two changes in the same direction, they expected the price to change in the opposite direction.(然而，当你考虑到历史价格变动的频率时，情况就变得更加复杂了：在我们的研究中，我们发现，如果消费者看到至少三次相同方向的变化，他们很可能会认为价格将继续朝着同一方向移动。而如果他们只看到一个或两个相同方向的变化，他们预计价格会朝着相反的方向变化。)”以及第五段“But if they just see a single price drop, they ‘re more likely to expect a reversal in the near future, pushing them to buy the product now.(但如果他们只看到一次价格下跌，他们更有可能预计价格在不久的将来会逆转，这促使他们现在购买该产品。)”可知，想要让消费者在5月8日购买某产品，那么卖家在那之前最好只有一次价格下跌。故选B。
16．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Instead of letting this arbitrary (武断的) expectation guide buying decisions, consumers may benefit by doing a bit more research around the underlying factors driving price shifts. Buyers may also benefit from learning more about a product’s longer-term price history, fluctuations (波动), and typical industry-wide price ranges, to avoid being disproportionately influenced by near-term price changes. It’s also always a good idea to think about both how urgent your need for a given product is, and your own risk tolerance for a potential price increase, as this can affect whether it’s worth it for you to wait and see if the price falls.(与其让这种武断的预期指导购买决定，消费者还不如多研究一下驱动价格变化的潜在因素。买家也可以从更多地了解产品的长期价格历史、波动和典型的全行业价格范围中受益，以避免受到近期价格变化的不成比例的影响。考虑你对特定产品的需求有多迫切，以及你自己对潜在价格上涨的风险承受能力也是一个好主意，因为这可能会影响到你是否值得等待，看看价格是否会下降。)”可知，文章建议消费者在购买之前最好能研究产品的长期价格历史、价格区间以及驱动价格变化的潜在因素等。故选B。
17．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“More and more online shopping platforms now offer consumers a detailed look into products’ historical prices. But how does this information influence buying decisions? (现在越来越多的网上购物平台为消费者提供产品历史价格的详细信息。但是这些信息是如何影响购买决策的呢？)”以及第二段“To explore this question, we conducted a series of experiments with a total of more than 5,000 business school students and working adults. We measured the impact of different kinds of price shifts on people’s interest in purchasing products and identified several consistent trends(为了探索这个问题，我们对5000多名商学院学生和在职成年人进行了一系列实验。我们测量了不同种类的价格变化对人们购买产品兴趣的影响，并确定了几个一致的趋势)”可知，文章主要分析了价格的变化是如何影响消费者购买决策的。故选A。
18．C 19．D 20．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个系统，该系统主要是安置在海洋的海底，用来预测海啸。
18．细节理解题。根据第一幅图片中的“The buoy is anchored in place with two 3.000kg weights attached to its base below the surface of water.(浮标被锚定在水面以下的两个3000公斤的重物上。)”可知，下图中位于海底的是锚。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据第二幅图片中“buoy”部分中的“The system’s buoy floats on the surface of the ocean and monitors upper level conditions. In addition to this, it also acts as a data relay for its own and the sea bed monitor’s recorded information, sending it to the system’s satellite. The buoy is anchored in place with dual 3,000 weights, attached to its submerged base.(该系统的浮标漂浮在海面上，监测上层的情况。除此之外，它还充当自己和海底监测仪记录信息的数据中继器，将其发送到系统的卫星。浮标用双3000磅的重物固定在水下基座上。)”可知，该系统的浮标发送从海洋深处和海洋表面收集的数据到卫星上。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据第一幅图片中的“Scientists at the ground station then interpret the data and change it into computer models. If the information leans towards the probability of a possible tsunami a warning is sent out to the area’s government, emergency services and the public.(然后，地面站的科学家对这些数据进行解读，并将其转换成计算机模型。如果信息倾向于可能发生海啸的可能性，就会向该地区的政府、紧急服务部门和公众发出警报。)”可知，该系统主要是用来预测海啸。故选A。
21．D 22．D 23．A 24．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文，美国参议院提出了移民新措施“客工”计划，文章介绍了不同的人对该计划的态度以及它对美国的影响。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“With the broader concerns about the effects of illegal immigration, the hostility to the new plan is understandable. However imperfect, the guest-worker program is better than any politically feasible alternative.(由于对非法移民影响的广泛担忧，对新计划的敌意是可以理解的。尽管不完美，但客工计划比任何政治上可行的替代方案都要好)”以及文章最后一句“This is that rare option which is both sensible and politically possible.(这是一个既明智又在政治上可行的罕见选择)”可知，客工计划是解决非法移民问题的明智方案。故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段中“According to a recent study by the economists Gianmarco Ottaviano and Giovanni Peri, immigration actually boosted the wages of most American workers(根据经济学家Gianmarco Ottaviano和Giovanni Peri最近的一项研究，移民实际上提高了大多数美国工人的工资)”可知，Gianmarco Ottaviano和Giovanni Peri的研究表明移民实际上提高了大多数美国工人的工资，故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Guest workers are also, paradoxically, less likely than illegal immigrants to become permanent residents.(与非法移民相比，客工成为永久居民的可能性也更小)”可知，客工比非法移民在美国永久定居的可能性更小，反过来说，非法移民在美国永久定居的可能性更大，故选A。
24．推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“This is that rare option which is both sensible and politically possible.(这是一个既明智又在政治上可行的罕见选择)”可知，作者对客工计划持支持态度。故选C。
25．B 26．D 27．A 28．A

【导语】这是一篇记述文。文章主要讲述的是春季家庭大扫除的重要性和进行大扫除的科学原因。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段“I’ll admit spring cleaning is a difficult notion for modern families to grasp. Today’s busy families hardly have time to load the dishwasher, much less clean the doormat. Asking the family to spend the weekend collecting winter dog piles from the melting snow in the backyard is like announcing there will be no more Wi-Fi. It interrupts the natural order.(我承认，对于现代家庭来说，春季大扫除是一个难以理解的概念。如今忙碌的家庭几乎没有时间去洗碗，更不用说清洗门垫了。让家人花周末的时间从后院融化的雪中收集冬天的狗堆，就像宣布不再有Wi-Fi一样。它扰乱了自然秩序)”可知，对于现代家庭来说，春季大扫除是一个难以理解的概念，故它不再是一件自然而然去做的事情，故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据第六段中“Newly wakened from our winter’s hibernation, yet still needing extra blankets at night, we open our windows to the first fresh air floating on the breeze with all of the natural world demanding ‘Awake and be clean!’(刚从冬天的冬眠中醒来，但晚上还需要额外的毯子，我们打开窗户，让第一缕清新的空气在微风中飘荡，所有的自然世界都在要求‘醒来，保持清洁！’)”可知，作者说春季大扫除不容等待，是因为春天的天气使我们更容易这样做，故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据第七段中“When spring’s light comes, the melatonin declines, and suddenly we are awakened to the dusty, virus- filled house we’ve been hibernating in for the past four months.(当春天的阳光来临时，褪黑素下降，突然间，我们被惊醒到过去四个月里一直蛰伏在里面的满是灰尘、病毒的房子里)”可知，褪黑素减少会导致身体清醒。故选A。
28．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第六段中“But I tell my family, spring cleaning can’t wait.(但我告诉我的家人，春季大扫除不容等待)”可知，文章主要讲述的是春季家庭大扫除的重要性和进行大扫除的科学原因。A项“春季大扫除不容拖延”适合作为文章标题，故选A。
29．D 30．C 31．A

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是关于African Mango这种减肥药的常见问题和解答。
29．词句猜测题。从文章内容可知，文章是一些问题和解答。由此推知，FAQs是Frequently Asked Questions的缩写，意为“常见问题解答”。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据第四个问题的回答中“However, in order to achieve your best weight-loss results, we highly recommend incorporating fun lifestyle exercises (like walking, tennis, etc.) and replacing high-calorie foods with healthy nutrient-dense foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and lean proteins.(然而，为了达到最好的减肥效果，我们强烈建议结合有趣的生活方式运动(如散步，网球等)，用健康的营养密集的食物代替高热量的食物，如水果，蔬菜，全谷物和瘦肉蛋白)”可知，富含多种营养物质的饮食有助于这种药物发挥出最佳效果。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据第五个问题的回答中“Every order placed with us is 100% safe and secure. Our site is scanned and tested daily by McAfee SECURE. ‘The McAfee SECURE’ trust mark (see the upper-left corner of our website) only appears when the website has passed their intensive, daily security scan.(我们的每一个订单都是100%安全的。我们的网站每天都被McAfee SECURE扫描和测试。‘McAfee SECURE’信任标志（见我们网站的左上角）只有在网站通过他们密集的日常安全扫描时才会出现)”可知，McAfee SECURE承诺你在线订单的安全性。故选A。
32．C 33．B 34．D 35．A

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是在中美洲，科学家们最近有了一些关于古玛雅人的发现。这些发现表明，玛雅文明的发展比专家们认为的还要早几个世纪。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段的“In Central America, scientists have made some recent discoveries about the ancient Maya people. These findings show that the Maya developed their civilization centuries earlier than experts thought.(在中美洲，科学家们最近有了一些关于古玛雅人的发现。这些发现表明，玛雅文明的发展比专家们认为的还要早几个世纪。)”可知，第一段笼统地介绍科学家有了一些发现，是本文的文章大意；根据第二段的“Scientists have made some recent discoveries about the ancient Maya people. Experts call the time between the year 250 and the year 1900 the Classic Maya Period. It was a period of great civilization. Until now, scientists think that earlier Maya people were simple farmers. The discoveries show that they used writing, drew pictures and built complex structures. Three separate teams made the discoveries in the rainforest of Guatemala (危地马拉).(科学家们最近对古玛雅人有了一些发现。专家称公元250年到1900年这段时间为经典玛雅时期。那是一个伟大的文明时期。到目前为止，科学家们认为早期的玛雅人是简单的农民。这些发现表明，他们使用文字、绘画和建造复杂的结构。三个独立的小组在危地马拉的雨林中发现了这些化石。)”可知，第二段是总结这些发现的意义；根据第三段的“Scientists have found some things they say are more than 2000 years old. For example, a team found two masks inside the main pyramid in a city. These masks are three meters tall.(科学家们发现了一些据说有2000多年历史的东西。例如，一个团队在一个城市的主金字塔内发现了两个面具。这些面具有三米高。)”和最后一段的“At Waka, scientists found the burial place of a woman they think was a Maya queen.(在瓦卡，科学家们发现了一名女性的墓地，他们认为她是玛雅女王。)”和“Also in northern Guatemala, scientists found a stone showing an 8th-century king playing a game of ball with visiting rulers.(同样在危地马拉北部，科学家们发现了一块石头，上面画着一位8世纪的国王正在和来访的统治者玩球。)”可知，最后两段是举例说明具体的发现有哪些，因此文章的结构是大意——结论——支持性的例子，故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段的“In Central America, scientists have made some recent discoveries about the ancient Maya people. These findings show that the Maya developed their civilization centuries earlier than experts thought.(在中美洲，科学家们最近有了一些关于古玛雅人的发现。这些发现表明，玛雅文明的发展比专家们认为的要早几个世纪。)”可知，科学家的发现表明玛雅文明的发展比专家们认为的要早几个世纪，故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“They also found large pieces of stone with writing and pictures of leaders. A Guatemalan expert called it one of the greatest masterpieces of Maya art ever discovered in Guatemala.(他们还发现了刻有领导人文字和照片的大块石头。一位危地马拉专家称这是危地马拉有史以来发现的最伟大的玛雅艺术杰作之一。)”可知，最有价值的是刻有领导人文字和照片的大块石头，故选D。
35．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“In Central America, scientists have made some recent discoveries about the ancient Maya people. These findings show that the Maya developed their civilization centuries earlier than experts thought.(在中美洲，科学家们最近有了一些关于古玛雅人的发现。这些发现表明，玛雅文明的发展比专家们认为的要早几个世纪。)”可知，本文主要讲的是玛雅的早期发展，因此最恰当的题目是A选项“Earlier Development of Maya(玛雅的早期发展)”。故选A。
36．B 37．D 38．C 39．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。新泽西州的立法者最近提出了一项法案，禁止企业使用无现金支付。此举将使该州与全球电子支付的趋势背道而驰，但会加强地方官员的抵制，他们认为无现金支付政策具有歧视性。文章介绍了人们对无现金政策的不同看法。
36．推理判断题。根据第一段“Lawmakers in New Jersey recently advanced a bill that would ban businesses from going cashless — a move that would put the state at odds with the global trend toward electronic payments but would strengthen resistance from local officials who see no-cash policies as discriminatory.(新泽西州的立法者最近提出了一项法案，禁止企业使用无现金支付。此举将使该州与全球电子支付的趋势背道而驰，但会加强地方官员的抵制，他们认为无现金支付政策具有歧视性。)”和第二段中“The findings reveal that Americans are becoming less reliant on paper currency, mirroring shifts in Sweden, India and China.(调查结果显示，美国人对纸币的依赖程度正在降低，这与瑞典、印度和中国的情况相似。)”可知，电子支付是全球化趋势，由此可推知，大多数国家正在经历越来越多的支付数字化。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据第三段“But state and local officials say that restaurants and shops that adopt cashless policies have left some members of the community behind - individuals without the means to open a bank account or who lack access to lines of credit or the mobile apps that power digital payments.(但州政府和地方官员表示，实行无现金政策的餐馆和商店让一些社区成员落在了后面——这些人没有办法开设银行账户，或者无法获得信用额度或支持数字支付的移动应用。)”可知，实行无现金政策让一些社区成员落在了后面，这是因为他们无法使用与支付相关的移动应用程序。故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据第五段中“While cashless policies offer consumers the promise of convenience and provide businesses greater protection against theft and shoddy record-keeping, they also can exclude low-income consumers or undocumented immigrants, critics say.(批评人士表示，虽然无现金政策为消费者提供了便利的承诺，为企业提供了更好的保护，使其免遭盗窃和伪造记录，但它们也可能将低收入消费者或无证移民排除在外。)”和最后一段中“As CNBC has noted, business leaders have defended cashless policies by pointing to higher security and improved customer service and efficiency, even as they acknowledge their critics(正如CNBC指出的那样，商业领袖为无现金政策辩护时指出，尽管他们赞同批评者，但他们认为无现金政策安全性更高、客户服务和效率更高。)”可知，无现金政策带来的好处是为消费者提供极大方便，加强防盗措施，改善客户服务和提高效率，C项“排除非法入境者”不是其好处，故选C。
39．推理判断题。根据第六段中““Cash-free businesses are discriminatory by design and pose challenges to low-income communities that may not have access to credit/debit,” New York City Council member Ritchie Torres said on Twitter last month(纽约市议会成员里奇·托雷斯（Ritchie Torres）上月在 Twitter 上表示: “无现金业务在设计上具有歧视性，对可能无法获得信贷/借记的低收入社区构成了挑战。”)”可推知，有些人可能会为采用电子支付付出代价。故选C。
40．B 41．A 42．A

【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了在英国Hampshire郡一块土地上发现了一枚中国硬币，这表明中世纪英格兰和远东之间的贸易比以前认为的要广泛。
40．细节理解题。根据第四段“The coin was found by a detectorist near Petersfield and about 20 miles from the only other Chinese work of art from medieval England: a piece of blue and white porcelain (瓷器)from a small cup or bowl, which could be placed in Winchester in the 14th century.(这枚硬币是由一名侦探在彼得斯菲尔德附近发现的，距离另一件来自中世纪英格兰的中国艺术品大约20英里：那是一件来自一个小杯子或碗上的青花瓷，它可能是在14世纪的来到温彻斯特的)”及第六段“She said the finds of this coin and another Northern Song dynasty coin of 1066-77, unearthed in Cheshire, suggest the Winchester porcelain may have been part of the objects from the Far East in the 14th century(她说，这枚硬币和另一枚在柴郡出土的1066-77年北宋硬币的发现表明，温彻斯特瓷器可能是14世纪远东物品的一部分)”可知，文中提到的两枚硬币被认为都是在14世纪中国与远东贸易时到达英国的。故选B项。
41．词句猜测题。根据第六段“She said the finds of this coin and another Northern Song dynasty coin of 1066-77, unearthed in Cheshire, suggest the Winchester porcelain may have been part of the objects from the Far East in the 14th century rather than a one-off.(她说，这枚硬币和另一枚在柴郡出土的1066-77年北宋硬币的发现表明，温彻斯特瓷器可能是14世纪远东物品的一部分，而不是一次one-off)”中rather than表明one-off和上文“be part of”意思是相反的，即这些钱币是交易时常常用到的，而不是一次性的。因此划线词意为“不经常发生的事情”。故选A项。
42．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A Chinese coin found in a Hampshire field suggests that medieval (中世纪)trade between England and the Far East was more extensive than previously thought, a historian has said.(一位历史学家说，在汉普郡一块土地上发现的一枚中国硬币表明，中世纪英格兰和远东之间的贸易比以前认为的要广泛)”可知，本文主要讲述在英国发掘出土的一枚中国古币表明了中国在中世纪时期有着广大的贸易范围，直至远东地区。所以A. Chinese coin hints at vast medieval trade route (中国钱币暗示了中世纪广阔的贸易路线)概括了文章大意。故选A项。
43．A 44．C 45．B 46．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一场通过赛马进行网速比拼的比赛，介绍了经过以及背后存在的网速问题。
43．推理判断题。根据第一段“The last time the horse seriously competed with man-made transport for speed was 1830, when a stagecoach won a race against America’s first domestically manufactured steam locomotive (蒸汽机车).(上一次马与人造交通工具在速度上的激烈竞争是在1830年，当时一辆公共马车赢得了与美国第一辆国产蒸汽机车的比赛)”以及第二段“Now horsekind has emerged victorious over what is in theory a far more powerful opponent — the broadband internet connection.(现在，“马”战胜了理论上强大得多的对手——宽带互联网连接)”可推知，第一段提到公共马车的故事主要是为了引出话题。故选A。
44．细节理解题。根据第六段“Favo made the journey in 104 minutes.(Favo只用了104分钟就走完了全程)”可知，C选项“他们在不到两个小时内完成了任务”正确。故选C。
45．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The horse race did its job: Mr Kappest has since been assured that his broadband will be up and running next month.(这场“赛马”起到了它的作用：从那以后，Kappest先生得到了保证，他的宽带将于下个月投入使用)”可知，比赛结果是Kappest先生很快就会有更好的网络连接。故选B。
46．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now horsekind has emerged victorious over what is in theory a far more powerful opponent — the broadband internet connection.(现在，“马”战胜了理论上强大得多的对手——宽带互联网连接)”结合文章主要说明了一场通过赛马进行网速比拼的比赛，介绍了经过以及背后存在的网速问题。可知，D选项“在与乡村wifi的比赛中，马力仍然有优势”最符合文章标题。故选D。
47．B 48．C 49．C 50．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过介绍UX设计师的职责，说明了企业竞争中，顾客的体验起着决定性的作用。
47．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Into this area has stepped a new class of professional: the user-experience, or UX, designer, whose job is to see a product not from an engineer’s, marketer’s, or legal department’s perspective but from the viewpoint of the user alone.(进入这个领域的是一类新的专业人士：用户体验设计师，他们的工作不是从工程师、营销人员或法律部门的角度来看待产品，而是从用户的角度来看待产品)”可知，UX设计师的职责是致力于使产品满足用户的需求。故选B项。
48．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“And to insist that the customer should not have to learn to speak the company’s internal language. The company should learn to speak the customer’s.(并坚持认为，客户不应该学习说公司的内部语言。公司应该学会说客户的语言)”和第二段“According to a recent survey, the role of UX designers has become a fixture on those year-end “hottest job” lists.(根据最近的一项调查，用户体验设计师的角色已经成为年终“最热门工作”名单上的固定角色)”可推知，公司更加重视顾客的感受。故选C项。
49．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““One of the things that drew me to Jim was his commitment to design thinking, which puts the human being at the center of the equation,” explained Bill Ford, the company’s executive chairman.(公司执行主席比尔·福特解释说：“吉姆吸引我的原因之一是他对设计思维的执着，他把人放在等式的中心。”)”可推知，福特雇佣吉姆·哈克特是因为公司相信在汽车制造竞争中，顾客的体验起着决定性的作用。故选C项。
50．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But Hackett reflects Ford’s bet that the winner won’t be the best chassis (底盘) maker or software maker, but the company that nails the interaction between man and machine.(但哈克特反映出，福特的赌注是，赢家不会是最好的底盘制造商或软件制造商，而是能够把握人机交互的公司)”和最后一段的““This is what we call the design gap,” said Hackett in an interview, pointing to the space between two lines on a graph he’d drawn on a whiteboard. One line climbs up—this is a company’s skill at making things, which goes up over time. Below it is a downward line, representing a company’s understanding of the customer’s experience. (哈克特在一次采访中指着他在白板上画的图上两条线之间的空间说。有一条线在上升——这是一家公司制造东西的技能，随着时间的推移而上升。下面是一条向下的线，代表一家公司对客户体验的理解)”推知，长期以来，福特一直忽视客户的体验。故选B项。
51．D 52．C 53．B 54．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作家柯南·道尔和他的《福尔摩斯》系列作品，道尔的创作灵感源于他的大学教授，他从学校开始便展露出众的写作天赋，《福尔摩斯》的成功带给道尔的并不都是幸福，还有因为无法创作严肃文学作品的沮丧，他因此结束了主角福尔摩斯的生命，但是因书迷们的反抗，后来又让主角复活了。
51．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Since school, Doyle’s talent as a writer was clear as fellow pupils paid him in sweets just to continue his stories（从学校开始，道尔作为一个作家的天赋就很明显，因为同学们给他糖果，只是为了让他继续写他的故事）”可知，道尔的同学们都认可他出众的写作天赋，会给他糖果希望他保持创作。故选D项。
52．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Doyle saw Sherlock as an unwelcome distraction from more serious work which is why he killed him off in The Final Problem.（道尔认为夏洛克会让他远离严肃的文学作品，这也是他在《最后一案》中杀死夏洛克的原因。）”可知，道尔之所以对夏洛克·福尔摩斯感到失望，是因为这个角色的受欢迎让他无法创作严肃的文学作品。故选C项。
53．推理判断题。根据第三段中“… so you would have to assume that the success of Sherlock on the national stage brought Doyle great happiness, right?（所以你会认为夏洛克在全国舞台上的成功给道尔带来了巨大的幸福，对吧?）”和第四段中“Well, not quite. Few people know that it didn’t take long for Doyle to get frustrated with the character. While he ranked his work highly, he actually felt that his career had, “gone off the rails” and wrote to his mother saying, “I must save my mind for better things.”（嗯，不完全是。很少有人知道道尔很快就对这个角色感到沮丧。虽然他对自己的工作评价很高，但他实际上觉得自己的事业已经“脱轨了”，他写信给母亲说：“我必须把心思放在更好的事情上。”）”可知，《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》的巨大成功带给道尔的并不完全都是幸福，虽然他对自己的工作评价很高，但他也意识到这让他无法创作严肃文学，因此感到沮丧。因此，夏洛克·福尔摩斯的成功对于道尔而言是悲喜交加的。故选B项。
54．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了作家柯南·道尔和他的《福尔摩斯》系列作品，道尔的创作灵感源于他的大学教授，他从学校开始便展露出众的写作天赋，《福尔摩斯》的成功带给道尔的并不都是幸福，还有因为无法创作严肃文学作品的沮丧，他因此结束了主角福尔摩斯的生命，但是因书迷们的反抗，后来又让主角复活了。文章在介绍作家的同时，涉及了作品的相关趣事，相对来说比较客观，但并没有那么专业和艰深，所以应该出自一本文学杂志，而非道尔博物馆的小册子、福尔摩斯迷的网站、学术报告。故选C项。
55．C 56．D 57．A 58．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了长期抱怨者会不停地抱怨，但是从不负起责任解决问题，他们试图从对话者的恼怒中获得正义感，从而逃避改变的责任，这背后的原因部分在于他们混淆了责任和错误。对待长期抱怨者，我们需要的是同意他们的观点，促使他们自己产生改变的想法。
55．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The person adopting the strategy is usually a chronic complainer. Something is terrible about their relationship, job, or other situation, and they complain about it endlessly, but find some excuse to dismiss any solution that’s proposed.(采用这种策略的人通常是一个长期抱怨者。他们的关系、工作或其他情况有些糟糕，他们不停地抱怨，但却找借口拒绝任何提出的解决方案)”可知，长期的抱怨者会一直拒绝他人的解决方案，不停地抱怨却不负责解决问题。故选C项。
56．推理判断题。根据第二段中“For example, if I were to discover a newborn at my front door, it wouldn’t be my fault, but it most certainly would be my responsibility.(例如，如果我在家门口发现一个新生儿，这不是我的错，但肯定是我的责任)”和“The point is that what goes for the baby on the doorstep is true in all cases: even if the other person is 100% in the wrong, there’s nothing to be gained, long-term, from using this as a justification to evade responsibility.(问题的关键在于，在所有情况下，门口的婴儿都是真实的：即使另一方100%是错的，从长远来看，以此作为逃避责任的理由是没有任何好处的)”可知，在家门口发现新生儿的例子说明了错误不在自己，但仍需负起责任，不能因为不是自己的错误就逃避负责任。作者举这个例子是为了说明错误和责任之间有明显的区别，不能混为一谈。故选D项。
57．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Should you find yourself on the receiving end of this kind of complaining, there’s a clever way to shut it down — which is to agree with it.(如果你发现自己是这种抱怨的接受者，有一个聪明的方法可以让它停止——那就是同意它)”可知，面对长期的抱怨者，让他们停止抱怨的方法就是赞同他们。故选A项。
58．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了长期抱怨者会不停地抱怨，但是从不负起责任解决问题，他们试图从对话者的恼怒中获得正义感，从而逃避改变的责任，这背后的原因部分他们在于混淆了责任和错误。对待长期抱怨者，我们需要的是同意他们的观点，促使他们自己产生改变的想法。由此可知，C项“谁是长期抱怨者？如何处理他们？”符合文章大意，对应了文中对长期抱怨者的描述以及提出的解决方法，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。
59．B 60．B 61．D

【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几种可以帮助人们缓解焦虑的方法。
59．推理判断题。文章第一、二段讲到“Thinking of issues that seem unfixable can lead to an anxious paralysis, but there’s hope. This is some of the advice I give to those in need of help.  (想到看似无法解决的问题可能会导致焦虑的瘫痪，但还是有希望的。这是我给那些需要帮助的人的一些建议。)”可知写这篇文章的目的是帮助那些需要帮助的人缓解焦虑，故选B。
60．句意猜测题。文章本段主旨句“Focus on the present. (关注当下)”以及下文“Worrying about the future is not helpful.( 担心未来是没有帮助的。)”可推知下划线部分的意思是“关注当下”，故选B。
61．推理判断题。文章倒数第二段讲到“When people engage in local issues, they have a renewed sense of optimism.(当人们参与当地问题时，他们会重新产生乐观情绪。)”可知符合作者的建议的是参与当地问题并做出贡献，故选D。
62．D 63．D 64．B

【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了大学宿舍的一些规范。
62．细节理解题。根据Pet Policy部分中的关键句“If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court. (如果在书面通知后一周，宠物仍未被带走，学生将被提交到学生法庭)可知，如果一个学生受到警告一周之后还在宿舍养猫，就要被告上学生法庭为他或她的案件辩护。故选D。
63． 细节理解题。根据最后一 部分“Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1: 00 am to 8: 00 am. (星期五及星期六晚上的安静时间是上午一时至上午八时)”可知，学生应该在周五和周六的凌晨1: 00到早上8: 00保持安静。即星期六的凌晨12点30分可以享受派对，故选D。
64．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers. (不允许带入学生房间的物品包括:蜡烛、吊扇、烟花、水床、太阳灯和无线路由器)”可知，如果事先在办公室登记，可以使用无线路由器是不正确的；根据倒数第二段的“No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms.(除鱼外，不准带宠物进入学生宿舍)”可知，是可以再宿舍养鱼的。根据倒数第三段“Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.(住在有厨房的楼里的学生只能在厨房做饭。学生们做饭后必须打扫卫生。这不是客房服务员的责任。未保持清洁的厨房可能会被关闭使用。除了使用小型微波炉加热食物外，学生不允许在自己的房间里做饭)”可知，学生使用厨房后关门没有被要求，不允许在自己的房间里做饭。故选B。
65．B 66．D 67．D 68．A

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要以目前正很火的一款人工智能工具ChatGPT为例子，提出像ChatGPT这样的技术的使用，尽管很智能，但管理者们应该从实际考虑思考一些问题：其中一个问题是如何处理员工对工作保障的担忧，而另一个问题则是来自客户对人工智能的态度。
65．推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容“If you ask something of ChatGPT, an artificial-intelligence (AI) tool that is going viral, the responses you get back are almost instantaneous, utterly certain and often wrong. It is a bit like talking to an economist.(ChatGPT是一款人工智能(AI)工具，目前正火得很，如果你问它一些问题，你得到的回答几乎是即时的、绝对肯定的，而且经常是错误的。这有点像与一位经济学家交谈。)”可知，与ChatGPT谈论问题就像与经济学家交谈一样，得到的是几乎即时、十分有底气但常常是错误的答复。由此可推知，在作者看来，经济学家向公众表达的想法或建议并不值得信赖，不可靠。故选B项。
66．细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Workers were willing to accept the decisions of a model they could not explain, however, because of their confidence in the expertise of people who had built it. The qualifications of those behind an AI matter.(然而，工人们愿意接受他们无法解释的模型的决定，因为他们对构建模型的人的专业知识充满信心。人工智能背后的人的资格很重要。)”可知，工人们更愿意接受自己无法理解的AI智能模型，而他们在执行这种AI决定是出于对于人工智能背后的构建模型的人的专业度的信任，即，在履行一种代理。因此，选项D“Workers tend to accept a model hard to understand due to a sense of agency.(由于代理意识，员工倾向于接受一种难以理解的模式。)”是正确论述。故选D项。
67．推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“However, it is harder for them to attribute a successful application to their own charming, delightful selves when assessed by a machine. People want to feel special, not reduced to a data point.(然而，当被机器评估时，他们很难将成功的申请归功于自己迷人、令人愉快的自我。人们想要感觉特别，而不是被简化成一个数据点。)”可知，当人们被机器认定为申请成功时，就会认为自己被简化成了一个数据点，而不是由于自己本身有魅力或讨人喜欢。由此可知，Gizem Yalcin的发现最好地解释了人们在特定情况下看重自己的独特特征。故选D项。
68．主旨大意题。根据文章关键句第二段“One issue is how to deal with employees’ concerns about job security.(其中一个问题是如何处理员工对工作保障的担忧。)”，倒数第二段“The different ways that customers respond to humans and to algorithms is a booming area of research.(顾客对人类和算法的不同反应是一个蓬勃发展的研究领域。)”以及末尾段内容“But it is crystal clear on one thing. The impact of ChatGPT and other AIs will depend not just on what they can do, but also on how they make people feel.(但有一点是非常清楚的。ChatGPT和其他人工智能的影响不仅取决于它们能做什么，还取决于它们给人的感觉。)”可知，文章主要从员工和顾客两个角度探讨了他们对于人工智能的感觉。选项A“employees’ and customers’ attitudes to AI(员工和客户对人工智能的态度)”贴合主旨。故选A项。
69．C 70．C 71．D

【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是三本关于我们的星球以及生活在这里的动植物的新书。
69．细节理解题。根据第二本书介绍部分的“Klein believes that kids have the power to make a difference.  She wants readers to speak up.  “Young people are already leading the climate movement...[They’re] raising the alarm and leading the way toward solutions.”(Klein相信孩子们有能力做出改变。她希望读者能说出来。“年轻人已经在领导气候运动……（他们）敲响了警钟，引领人们找到解决方案。”)”可知，Naomi Klein认为孩子们对气候运动有影响，故选C。
70．细节理解题。根据第三本书的介绍“The Elephant Doctor of India tells the true story of Dr. Kushal Konwar Sarma, who grew up in a vllage in Assam, India.(《印度的大象医生》讲述了Kushal Konwar Sarma医生的真实故事，他在印度Assam的一个村庄长大。)”可知，《印度的大象医生》是一部关于一位兽医的纪实小说，故选C。
71．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“For our Earth Day special issue, we’re featuring three new books about our planet—and the plants and animals that live here.(在我们的地球日特刊中，我们将推出三本关于我们的星球以及生活在这里的动植物的新书。)”，第一本书介绍中的“She told TIME for Kids she was inspired to use poetry to show young readers the beauty and importance of the environment.(她告诉《儿童时代》杂志，她受到启发，用诗歌向年轻读者展示环境的美丽和重要性。)”，第二本书介绍的“How to Change Everything, by NAOMI KLEIN, is a tool kit for young activists who want to fight climate change.(NAOMI KLEIN的《如何改变一切》是为想要对抗气候变化的年轻活动人士提供的工具包。)”和第三本书的介绍中的“JANIE CHODOSH, who wrote the book, told TFK she hopes Sarma’s story will give kids “a sense of wonder” and “inspire them to care about the natural world.”(这本书的作者JANIE CHODOSH告诉TFK，她希望Sarma的故事能给孩子们“一种惊奇感”，并“激励他们关心自然世界”。)”可知，由“特刊”两个字可知，这篇文章是杂志里的，这三本书都是给孩子写的，因此本文是来自于儿童杂志，故选D。