精品解析：广东省广州市越秀区第十三中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：广东省广州市越秀区第十三中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
广州市第十三中学2022学年第二学期期中测试高二年级
英语学科试卷
本试卷共10页，单选题35小题，非选择题29题，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 阅读(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The following 4 famous paintings—from Jan van Eyck’s work to Pablo Picasso’s masterpiece—have stood the test of time.
The Arnolfini Portrait
Jan van Eyck’s The Arnolfini Portrait, an oil painting on oak panel produced in 1434, in which a man and a woman hold hands with a window behind him and a bed behind her, is undoubtedly a masterpiece in the National Gallery, London. This painting is one of the most famous and intriguing (非常有趣的) paintings in the world. It is also an informative document about the fifteenth-century society.
The Starry Night
Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night. an oil on the canvas (帆布画布), a moderately abstract landscape painting of an expressive night sky over a small village, during his stay at the mental hospital near Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France in 1889. When the Museum of Modern Art in New York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it has become one of Vincent van Gogh’s most famous works now.
The Harvesters
The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565. It depicts the harvest time which most commonly occurs in the late summer. The painting has been at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City since 1919.
Guernica
Guernica, a large oil painting, was painted by Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso, in 1937. The title refers to the city that was bombed by the Nazis during the Spanish Civil War. The painting depicts the horror of the war and as a result, has come to be an anti-war symbol and a reminder of the tragedy of the war. Today, the painting is housed in the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid.
1. Which was produced earliest?
A. Guernica. B. The Harvesters.
C. The Starry Night. D. The Arnolfini Portrait.
2. What do we know about the painting The Starry Night?
A. It was painted on wood in oils.
B. It described the painter’s life in hospital.
C. It wasn’t widely recognized in 1941.
D. It was given away to the museum by a collector.
3. Who created the painting describing the harvest season?
A. Pieter Bruegel the Elder. B. Vincent van Gogh.
C. Jan van Eyck. D. Pablo Picasso.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四副著名艺术家的作品。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Arnolfini Portrait部分中的“Jan van Eyck’s The Arnolfini Portrait, an oil painting on oak panel produced in 1434(扬·凡·艾克的《阿尔诺芬尼夫妇像》，是一幅1434年制作的橡木板上的油画)”，The Starry Night部分中的“Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night an oil on the canvas (帆布画布), a moderately abstract landscape painting of an expressive night sky over a small village, during his stay at the mental hospital near Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France in 1889. (1889年，梵高《星夜》在法国圣雷米附近的精神病院住院期间，在画布上画了一幅油画，这是一幅比较抽象的风景画，描绘了一个小村庄上空富有表现力的夜空。)”，The Harvesters部分中的“The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565. (《收割者》是一幅1565年由老彼得·布吕赫尔完成的木头油画。)”和Guernica部分中的“Guernica, a large oil painting, was painted by Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso, in 1937. (《格尔尼卡》是一幅大型油画，由西班牙画家毕加索于1937年创作。)”可知，D项“《阿尔诺芬尼夫妇像》”是最早创作的画，故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Starry Night部分中的“When the Museum of Modern Art in New York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it has become one of Vincent van Gogh’s most famous works now.(1941年，纽约现代艺术博物馆从一位私人收藏家手中买下了这幅画，当时它并不出名，但如今它已成为梵高最著名的作品之一。)”可知，《星夜》这幅画在1941年并不有名，即没有得到广泛认可。故选C。
3题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Harvesters部分中的“The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565. It depicts the harvest time which most commonly occurs in the late summer. (《收割者》是一幅1565年由老彼得·布吕赫尔完成的木头油画。它描绘的收获季节，最常见的发生在夏末。)”可知，Pieter Bruegel the Elder(老彼得·布吕赫尔)创作的这幅画描绘了收获季节，故选A。
B
Discovering the proper classification for each piece of household waste before throwing it out—and avoiding fines of up to 50,000 yuan—has become as simple as taking a photo thanks to the efforts of a group of young programmers.
They have applied speech and picture recognition technologies to apps and other smartphone services to guide Shanghai residents through China's first mandatory garbage-separation plan. The rules require every citizen and institution to classify waste into four categories-recyclables, kitchen waste, hazardous waste and residual waste—with a long list of items in each category. Previously, everything went into one dustbin, and the dramatic change has made many Shanghai residents worried. Many residents say they are struggling to master the details quickly.
To smooth the process and raise public awareness, Shanghai government launched a campaign featuring posters and TV programs introducing garbage-sorting techniques.
“It has become a lasting topic for my family's mealtime discussions,” 27-year-old Shanghai resident Fang Chengxiang said. He said they used the Internet to find out how to classify waste properly. “I would often Baidu the name if I got confused,” Fang said, referring to China's leading search engine.
Most of the apps and services, which began springing up last month in app stores, on messaging tool WeChat and mobile payment service Alipay, allow users to type in the name of waste to identify which category it belongs to.
One of the apps using speech recognition is What Garbage, whose downloads topped 130,000 in the first week after it was released early this month.
It was designed by zzz studio, a team made up of a programmer, an advertising art director and a visual designer. Since they all have 996 jobs—meaning they work from 9 am to 9 pm six days a week—the app was designed in what little spare time they have.
Liu Yiyi, 23, a member of the studio, said it was designed to help people through the transition period, and it especially helps people sort ambiguous items. Actually, Liu Yiyi added, as Chinese become accustomed to rules, people will use the apps less often.
4. What can we learn about the garbage-separation plan?
A. The plan has benefited many cities. B. The plan can only be carried out in Shanghai.
C. The plan initially came out from large cities. D. Some apps can be used to help carry out the plan.
5. Why did the government use social media to introduce classifying techniques?
A. To draw main media’s attention B. To make the plan easier to carry out.
C. To help people master the garbage details. D. To stress the importance of sorting garbage.
6. What can we know according to Liu Yiyi?
A. The transition period will last a long time. B. These apps can only help sort ambiguous items.
C. Chinese will become accustomed to these apps. D. Less people will use these apps in the future.
7. What’s the main idea of this text?
A. Benefits of garbage-separation plan.
B. Significance of garbage-separation plan.
C. Young programmers make garbage-classification easy.
D. Carrying our garbage-classification plan is difficult.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一群程序员利用空余时间发明了一款可以进行语音识别的应用程序What Garbage，来帮助人们进行垃圾分类。开发原因是人们刚开始面对垃圾分类有诸多麻烦，文中还提到了人们对垃圾分类的看法，还介绍了这款应用的开发人员等信息。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Most of the apps and services, which began springing up last month in app stores, on messaging tool WeChat and mobile payment service Alipay, allow users to type in the name of waste to identify which category it belongs to.”可知即时通讯工具微信和移动支付服务支付宝上的大部分应用和服务都允许用户输入“垃圾”的名称，以确定它属于哪一类。由此可知，一些应用程序可以用来帮助执行垃圾分类计划。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“To smooth the process and raise public awareness, Shanghai government launched a campaign featuring posters and TV programs introducing garbage-sorting techniques.”可知为了顺利进行垃圾分类并提高公众意识，上海市政府开展了一项以海报和电视节目介绍垃圾分类技术的活动。由此可知，政府使用社交媒体来介绍分类技术，是为了使垃圾分类计划更容易执行。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Actually, Liu Yiyi added, as Chinese become accustomed to rules, people will use the apps less often.”可知刘依依补充道，事实上，随着中国人习惯了垃圾分类规则，人们使用这些应用程序的频率会降低。由此可知，根据刘依依的说法，未来使用这些应用程序的人会更少。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Discovering the proper classification for each piece of household waste before throwing it out—and avoiding fines of up to 50,000 yuan—has become as simple as taking a photo thanks to the efforts of a group of young programmers.”可知在一群年轻程序员的努力下，在扔掉每一件生活垃圾之前发现它的正确分类——避免高达5万元的罚款——已经变得像拍张照片一样简单了。结合文章主要介绍了，为了让垃圾分类变得更加简单，避免人们分类时面对的诸多麻烦，一群程序员发明了一款可以进行语音识别的应用程序What Garbage，来帮助人们进行垃圾分类。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是年轻的程序员使垃圾分类变得容易。故选C。
C
While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.
Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.
Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.
The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.
Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).
Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. "That is only evidence that traditions once existed," he said.
"Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created, " he said.
"Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are, " said Wang.
The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.
8. Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.
A. following the latest world trend
B. getting international recognition
C. working harder than ever before
D. relying on foreign architects
9. What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?
A. Its hilly environment.
B. Its large size.
C. Its unique style.
D. Its diverse functions.
10. What made Wang’s architectural design a success?
A. The mixture of different shapes.
B. The balance of East and West.
C. The use of popular techniques.
D. The harmony of old and new.
11. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?
A. Spread them to the world. B. Preserve them at museums.
C. Teach them in universities. D. Recreate them in practice.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得2012年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，他是第一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。故B项正确。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段对CAA校园的描述可知，它的设计风格独特，与大多数中国大学的校园很不同，许多游客感对复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感到吃惊，故C正确。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第六段1995年普利策奖的获得者Tadao Ando的评语可知，王澍设计的成功之处是把中国传统元素融入现代设计，并保持两者的和谐，故D正确。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created可知，传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就会是人工的和空的，故D正确。
【点睛】根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
此题的第一小题和第四小题为推理判断题。第1题根据第二段第二句可知Wang Shu 获得2012年普利策奖，相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，再根据第三句他是第一个获此奖的中国人可知，中国建筑现在得到了国际认可，因得到认可才能获奖。此题的解题关键时根据原文的两个信息句进行的判断，而ACD原文中没有提及。
D
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
12. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A. They must run long distances.
B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules.
D. They are good at swinging their legs.
13. What advantage does race walking have over running?
A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.
B It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s more effective in body building.
D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
14. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ opinions.
B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach.
D. Doing regular exercises.
15. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective.
C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr. Norberg说的话“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr. Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。注意在答题卡填涂：E=AB;F=CD;G=ABCD
In the middle of the Pacific Ocean lies the tiny island nation of Tuvalu, the fourth smallest country in the world. This group of four islands and five atolls (islands made of coral rock) is famous for its sandy beaches and turquoise (青绿色的) waters and has long been a popular tourist destination for nearby New Zealanders. However, the nation of Tuvalu is at the risk of soon no longer existing, not because of war or political change, but because it will be covered by the rising ocean.
Tuvalu is experiencing the harmful effects of global warming. As the global temperature rises, so does the ocean temperature. Due to the scientific law of “thermal expansion”, when water heats, it gets bigger. ____16____. Most experts claim that the effects of climate change will make Tuvalu uninhabitable within the next 50 years. Problems are already emerging. As sea level rises, ocean water containing high levels of salt is travelling further and further inland, destroying the little amount of soil Tuvaluans have to grow crops in.
Even before Tuvaluans began to suffer from the effects of climate change, the life in Tuvalu was tough. ____17____. Most of the land on an atoll is rock-hard and arid and the soil that exists on it is usually thin and poor for growing crops. The nation has always had to import food apart from fish.
More serious than Tuvalu’s lack of home-grown food has been its lack of drinking water. ____18____. Therefore, Tuvaluans depend almost entirely on rainwater for their water needs. Unfortunately, due to a geographical phenomenon known as La Nina, Tuvalu often suffers from long periods of drought. In the autumn of 2010, after seven months of no rain, the Prime Minister had to declare a state of emergency not only because of a lack of drinking water, but also because the water left was polluted with cholera (霍乱).____19____.
Tuvalu’s problems have led some of its 11000 inhabitants to consider migrating to Australia or New Zealand. ____20____. They know they’ll have to someday, but for as long as possible, they want to remain and make the world aware of what is happening to their homeland due to climate change.
A. It was a desperate situation and, but for emergency shipments from New Zealand and Australia, many Tuvaluans would have died.
B. This is largely due to the geological makeup of atolls.
C. Unlike normal islands, atolls have no rivers or streams, which means that most of Tuvalu has no groundwater to be used for drinking.
D. Tuvalu’s representatives demanded that nations should have a more responsible attitude towards emission controls.
E. Therefore, the sea level is rising and for low-lying Tuvalu, this spells disasters.
F. However, they are not willing to abandon the land of their forefathers so easily.
G. And as a member of the United Nations, they are doing just that.
【答案】16. E 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在太平洋中部的小岛国图瓦卢，很快就会面临不复存在的危险——它将被上升的海洋所覆盖。本文重点说明了这个国家面临的种种困难。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Due to the scientific law of “thermal expansion”, when water heats, it gets bigger. (由于科学的“热膨胀”定律，当水加热时，它会变大)”可知，热胀冷缩，水面遇热则膨胀。E选项“Therefore, the sea level is rising and for low-lying Tuvalu, this spells disasters. (因此，海平面正在上升，对于地势低洼的图瓦卢来说，这意味着灾难。)”合理地承接了上文。故选E。
【17题详解】
上文讲了“Even before Tuvaluans began to suffer from the effects of climate change, the life in Tuvalu was tough. (甚至在图瓦卢人开始遭受气候变化的影响之前，图瓦卢的生活就很艰难。)”在图瓦卢人开始遭受气候变化的影响之前，图瓦卢的生活就很艰难。根据下文“Most of the land on an atoll is rock-hard and arid and the soil that exists on it is usually thin and poor for growing crops. ”（环礁上的大部分土地坚硬而干旱，其上的土壤通常很薄，不适合种植作物）可知，是因为地质构造方面。B项“This is largely due to the geological makeup of atolls. (这主要是由于环礁的地质构成。)”承上启下。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据上文“More serious than Tuvalu’s lack of home-grown food has been its lack of drinking water. (比图瓦卢缺乏本土粮食更严重的是缺乏饮用水。)”可知，接下来要谈饮用水短缺的问题。C选项“Unlike normal islands, atolls have no rivers or streams, which means that most of Tuvalu has no groundwater to be used for drinking. (与普通岛屿不同的是，环礁没有河流或小溪，这意味着图瓦卢大部分地区没有可供饮用的地下水。)”承接合理。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据上文“In the autumn of 2010, after seven months of no rain, the Prime Minister had to declare a state of emergency not only because of a lack of drinking water, but also because the water left was polluted with cholera (霍乱). (2010年秋天，在经历了七个月的无雨之后，首相不得不宣布进入紧急状态，这不仅是因为缺乏饮用水，还因为剩下的水被霍乱污染了。)”可知，本国严重缺乏饮用水，剩下的还被污染了。A选项“It was a desperate situation and, but for emergency shipments from New Zealand and Australia, many Tuvaluans would have died. (这是一个绝望的情况，如果没有来自新西兰和澳大利亚的紧急运输，许多图瓦卢人已经死了。)”承接上文，谈缺乏饮用水的严重后果。故选A。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Tuvalu’s problems have led some of its 11,000 inhabitants to consider migrating to Australia or New Zealand. (图瓦卢的问题导致其11000名居民中的一些人考虑移民到澳大利亚或新西兰。)”可知，有人考虑迁移别国。F项“However, they are not willing to abandon the land of their forefathers so easily. (然而，他们不愿意如此轻易地放弃祖先的土地。)”与之形成转折关系。故选F。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Skydiving isn’t an activity for the faint of heart, but when you do it at 101 years old, you’ re pretty much a superman. On May 13, Verdun Hayes became the ____21____ person in the world to complete a 15,000-foot tandem jump, ____22____ the Guinness World Record he once set up.
Verdun Hayes wasn’t ____23____. He finished the jump with eight family members and-two close friends at Dunkeswell Airport in England. As they ____24____ to make the jump, the entire family looked nervous, but ____25____ as well. Hayes’ grandson-in-law Ian Honnor, the organizer of the family’s jump, told TODAY, “He was probably the calmest one on the ____26____. He had no fear and just loved it. He just wanted everyone to enjoy it and be healthy.” Honnor, who helped ____27____ the outing, said this wasn’t Hayes’ first jump! When he was more than ninety years old, his family had a negative attitude and kept telling him he wasn’t ____28____ to do the jump. However, he didn’t give up his ____29____. At the age of 100, he finally realized his ambition and became the first man at such an advanced age to _____30_____ tandem skydiving.
This time he made up his mind to shoot for the world record. “Because it’s such a big _____31_____, it was decided that as many people in the family as we could possibly get were going to be _____32_____ him,” said Honnor. “He had four generations of his family in the air at the same time-they ranged from age 16 to 101.” The family held a big party to _____33_____ his achievement.
Hayes even had some _____34_____ for those people hoping to achieve the same thing at his age. “Just keep your mind _____35_____ occupied with positive thoughts and keep as physically healthy as possible,” said Hayes. “Those are the two great things.”
21. A. happiest B. bravest C. oldest D. riskiest
22. A. equaling B. creating C. pursuing D. breaking
23 A. alone B. tall C. unusual D. satisfied
24. A. refused B. prepared C. claimed D. dared
25. A. puzzled B. relieved C. frightened D. excited
26. A. plane B. ground C. mountain D. tower
27. A. discuss B. mention C. cancel D. plan
28. A. reminded B. required C. allowed D. taught
29. A. dream B. career C. freedom D. fantasy
30. A. bear B. attempt C. hold D. understand
31. A. party B. festival C. event D. duty
32. A. in defense of B. in fear of C. in place of D. in support of
33. A. ignore B. celebrate C. care D. report
34. A. information B. warning C. invention D. advice
35. A. fully B. partly C. nearly D. officially
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位101岁的老人 Verdun Hayes 完成了15,000英尺的双人伞挑战，成为世界上年纪最大的跳伞人员，他的家人和朋友鼓励他并和他一起完成了这个挑战，同时 Verdun Hayes也鼓励想要完成跳伞的同龄人要保持积极的想法并经常锻炼身体。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：5月13日， Verdun Hayes成为世界上完成15000英尺双人跳的年龄最大的人，打破了他曾经创造的吉尼斯世界纪录。A. happiest最幸福的；B. bravest最勇敢的；C. oldest年龄最大的；D. riskiest最有风险的。根据上文“Skydiving isn’t an activity for the faint of heart, but when you do it at 101 years old, you’ re pretty much a superman.”可知，当你101岁时完成跳伞，你就是个超人。因此，101岁是一个非常年长的年纪。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. equaling比得上；B. creating创造；C. pursuing追求；D. breaking打破。根据下文“the Guinness World Record he once set up”可知，Verdun Hayes 在不到101岁时曾经创造过一个吉尼斯世界纪录，如今101岁高龄的他完成跳伞，说明他打破了自己的纪录。 故选D。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意： Verdun Hayes并不是一个人。A. alone独自的；B. tall高的；C. unusual不寻常的；D. satisfied满意的。根据下文“He finished the jump with eight family members and-two close friends at Dunkeswell Airport in England.”可知，他是和他的8名家庭成员以及两个亲密的朋友一起完成的跳伞，说明他并不是一个人完成的。 故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们准备跳跃时，整个家庭看起来很紧张，但也很兴奋。A. refused拒绝；B. prepared准备；C. claimed声称；D. dared敢。由常识可知，跳伞之前需要做准备。故选 B 。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. puzzled困惑的；B. relieved感到宽慰的；C. frightened害怕的；D. excited兴奋的。but 为并列连词，连接两个意义不同的分句或词，前文提到 Verdun Hayes 和他的家族都很紧张，但跳伞是一件非常刺激的事，因此也会让人感到兴奋。 故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他可能是飞机上最冷静的一个。A. plane飞机；B. ground地面；C. mountain山；D. tower塔。众所周知，跳伞是要从飞机上跳下来的，因此可以判断跳伞前他在飞机上。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：帮助计划这次郊游的洪诺说，这不是海耶斯的第一次跳伞！A. discuss讨论；B. mention提到；C. cancel取消；D. plan计划。根据上文中“Hayes’ grandson-in-law Ian Honnor, the organizer of the family’s jump”可知，Honnor 是这次跳伞活动的组织者，说明他帮忙计划了这次集体的短途旅行。 故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他90多岁的时候，他的家人态度消极，一直告诉他不允许他跳。A. reminded提醒；B. required要求；C. allowed允许；D. taught教。根据下句“However, he didn’t give up his ____9____.”可知，他并没有放弃，说明他的家人在最开始的时候是不允许他去跳伞的。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他并没有放弃自己的梦想。A. dream梦想；B. career职业；C. freedom自由；D. fantasy幻想。后一句“At the age of 100, he finally realized his ambition and became the first man at such an advanced age to ____10____ tandem skydiving.”提到 Verdun Hayes 在100岁的时候还是完成了跳伞的挑战，说明他没有放弃自己的梦想。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：100岁时，他终于实现了自己的抱负，成为第一个在如此高龄尝试双人跳伞的人。A. bear忍受；B. attempt尝试；C. hold握住；保持；D. understand理解。根据上文“At the age of 100, he finally realized his ambition”可知，Verdun Hayes 终于实现了自己的梦想，成了第一个这么大年纪尝试跳伞的人。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Honnor说：“因为这是一件大事，我们决定尽可能多地支持他。” A. party派对；B. festival节日；C. event大事件；D. duty职责。根据上句“This time he made up his mind to shoot for the world record.” 可知，这一次他决定冲击世界纪录，说明这是一件大事。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. in defense of为……辩护；B. in fear of担心；C. in place of替代；D. in support of支持。根据第二段中的“He finished the jump with eight family members and-two close friends at Dunkeswell Airport in England.”可知，Verdun Hayes 和他的家人、朋友一起完成了这次挑战，这说明他的家人都是支持他去跳伞的。 故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了庆祝他的成就，家族举行了一个盛大的聚会。A. ignore忽视；B. celebrate庆祝；C. care在乎；关心；D. report报道。根据上文“a big party”可知，在他完成了跳伞之后，他们举行了一个盛大的派对来庆祝他的成就。 故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：海耶斯甚至对那些希望在他这个年纪取得同样成就的人提出了一些建议。A. information信息；B. warning警告；C. invention发明；D. advice建议。根据最后一段内容可知， Hayes 提到要保持乐观，还要尽可能锻炼身体。可以看出这是两条对别人的建议。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：海耶斯说：“只要让你的头脑充满积极的想法，尽可能保持身体健康。”A. fully充分地；B. partly部分地；C. nearly几乎；将近；D. officially正式地。Hayes 建议人们要保持精神上的健康，让自己的头脑被积极的思想完全填满。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There is a small but growing movement in many American ___36___(family) that want to reduce the waste to zero. ___37___(they) goal of producing no trash is probably impossible to reach. Some things come close, and reducing a year’s trash to only a few things ___38___ can fit into a small container is one of them. All other things, they say, can be recycled or composted.
Zero Wasters, as they are called, help each other by sharing advice on blogs and social media. A lot of people have given ___39___(value) advice on the subject recently. Some of the advice includes where to buy things ___40___ (avoid) unwanted packaging and how to recycle things that most people throw away. Bea Johnson, a housewife, says that reducing shopping means her family has more money for fun vacations ___41___ ever before. She, who is satisfied with the fact, ___42___(say) all their clothing comes from used clothing stores. She says that has reduced her household spending ___43___ 40 percent.
Zero Wasters advocate ___44___(talk) about five “Rs” that describe what they do: Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Rot. They request that things like remaining food not ____45____(throw) away randomly and refuse containers at restaurants.
【答案】36. families
37. Their 38. that
39. valuable
40. to avoid
41. than 42. says
43. by 44. talking
45. be thrown
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主语介绍了美国家庭的一个运动——零浪费者。零浪费者倡导谈论五个“R”来描述他们的工作：拒绝、减少、再利用、回收和腐烂。
【36题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：在许多美国家庭中，有一个小规模但不断增长的运动，希望将废物减少到零。由空前的many可知，此空应填复数名词，family的复数形式为 families。故填families。
【37题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：他们不生产垃圾的目标可能是不可能实现的。由于空后goal为名词，goal前面需要形容词修饰，而they的形容词性物主代词为their，句首单词首字母需要大写。故填Their。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：有些东西很接近，把一年的垃圾减少到只有几个可以放进一个小容器的东西就是其中之一。分析句子可知，此处为限定性定语从句。先行词为 only a few things，先行词前有only修饰，且设空处在从句中作主语，所以应使用关系词that引导。故填that。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：最近很多人就这个问题提出了宝贵的建议。由空后 advice为名词可知，空中应填形容词来修饰名词，作定语，value的形容词形式为valuable。故填valuable。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一些建议里包括在哪里买东西可以避免不必要的包装，以及如何将大多数人扔掉的东西回收。由句意可知，买那里的东西的目的是为了避免不必要的包装，故应使用动词不定式表目的。故填to avoid。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：家庭主妇比娅·约翰逊说，减少购物意味着她的家人比以往任何时候都有更多的钱来享受有趣的假期。由于该句中有关键词more，结合句意，减少购物意味着她的家庭比起以前有更多资金用于度假，可知该句为比较句式，应用than。故填than。
42题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：她对这一事实感到满意，她说他们所有的衣服都来自二手服装店。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。由句中who is satisfied with the fact可知，此处应用一般现在时态。主语是第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填says。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：这使她的家庭消费减少了40%。reduce...by...是固定短语，意为“减少了……”。故故填by。
【44题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：零浪费者倡导谈论五个“R”来描述他们的工作：拒绝、减少、再利用、回收和腐烂。advocate后常接动名词作宾语，意为“倡导某事”。故填talking。
【45题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：他们要求在餐馆里不要随意丢弃剩余的食物。request后接从句时，从句使用 should (not) +动词原形，其中should可以省略。由句意可知，食物是被扔掉，应用被动语态，throw的被动形式为be thrown。故填be thrown。
第四部分写作(共三节，满分40分)
第一节单词拼写(满分10分，每小题1分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
46. There is no doubt that China has achieved a great______ (突破) in developing rural education.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】breakthrough
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：毫无疑问，中国在发展农村教育方面取得了重大突破。根据汉语提示可知，表示“突破”应用名词breakthrough。故填breakthrough。
47. His knowledge of his subject earned him a ______(名声) as an expert. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】reputation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他对这门学科的了解为他赢得了专家的声誉。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用名词reputation，在句中作宾语，由冠词a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填reputation。
48. Social workers must always consider the best interests of their ______(客户). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】clients
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：社会工作者必须始终考虑客户的最大利益。“客户”为名词client，作宾语，由their可句意可知，客户不止一位，应用复数形式，故填clients。
49. There are growing ______(趋势) towards her prices because of the war in that country. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】trends
【解析】
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：由于那个国家的战争，她的价格有上涨的趋势。根据汉语提示可知，表示“趋势”应用名词trend。根据句中There are可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填trends。
50. China Today attracts a ______ (世界各地的) readership and absorbs much attention. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】worldwide
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：《今日中国》吸引了全世界的读者，并引起了广泛关注。根据汉语提示可知，表示“世界各地的”应用形容词worldwide，在句中作定语修饰readership。故填worldwide。
51. The ______(政策) have greatly stimulated work enthusiasm. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】policies
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这些政策极大地激发了工作热情。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知，名词policy符合题意，作主语，可数名词，根据助动词have判断主语为复数。故填policies。
52. For the parent-child relationship, it is important to achieve the right balance between love and ______(纪律). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】discipline

【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：对于亲子关系来说，在爱和纪律之间取得正确的平衡是很重要的。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知，名词discipline符合题意，作宾语，不可数。故填discipline。
53. You’d better pay attention to their ______(身体的) health as well as their mental health. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】physical
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：你最好注意他们的身心健康。根据汉语提示可知，表示“身体的”应用形容词physical，在句中作定语修饰health。故填physical。
54. I have ______(删除) the photo from my camera because I’m not satisfied with it. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】deleted
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我已经从相机里删除了这张照片，因为我对它不满意。“删除”为动词delete，由have和句意可知，此处应用过去分词形式与have构成现在完成时，故填deleted。
55. He__________(提交) his proposal for urban development to the city council at the conference. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】submitted
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他在会议上向市议会提出了城市发展的建议。根据汉语提示“提交”可知，应填动词submit作谓语，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填submitted。
第二节(满分15分，每个空0.5分)
56. 这次有挑战性的经历注定会改变他的人生。
This challenging experience ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
【答案】 ①. is ②. to ③. change ④. his ⑤. life
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，英文表达中缺少谓语“注定会改变他的人生”。be to do可以表达“注定、必然会发生”的含义；表示“改变他的人生”应用change his life。由句意可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语This challenging experience是第三人称单数。故填is to change his life。
57. 他应该为已经发生的事情负责。
______ ______ ______ ______ for what had happened.
【答案】 ①. You ②. should ③. be ④. responsible
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。“为……负责”为短语be responsible for，“应该”为情态动词should，be动词放在情态动词后面应用原形，句首单词首字母大写，故填①You②should③be④responsible.
58. 他们拒绝告诉我他们是如何得到我的住址的。
They ______ ______ ______ ______ how they had got my address.
【答案】 ①. refused ②. to ③. tell ④. me
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“拒绝做某事”可用refuse to do sth.，refuse作主句谓语动词，结合从句谓语动词had got可知，主句陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时；“告诉某人某事”可用tell sb. sth.，本句中直接宾语为宾语从句“how they had got my address.”。综上，故填refused；to；tell；me。
59. 我宁愿早开始也不愿把所有的事情都留到最后。
I prefer to start early ______ ______ ______ everything to the last minute.
【答案】 ①. rather ②. than ③. leave
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。表示“宁愿……也不愿……”应用“prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.”句型；表示“留到”应用动词leave。故填rather than；leave。
60. 在这么短的时间内完成这项任务确实是种挑战。
______ ______ ______ ______ in such a short time is really a challenge.
【答案】 ①. To ②. complete ③. the ④. task
【解析】
【详解】考查动词不定式。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，英文表达中缺少谓语“完成这项任务”。表示“完成”应用动词complete；表示“任务”应用名词task。由句意可知，此处表示将要做的动作，应用动词不定式作主语，句首单词首字母大写。故填To complete the task。
61. 除了这两本书外，他还写了一些剧本和电影剧本。(aside from)
______ ______ these two books, he has written some plays and film scripts.
【答案】 ①. Aside ②. from
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。表示“除了……外”应用短语aside from，句首单词首字母大写，故填Aside from。
62. 没有驾照就开车对你来说是违法的。
______ ______ ______ ______ ______ to drive a car without a driving license.
【答案】 ①. It ②. is ③. illegal ④. for ⑤. you
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词和固定句型。表示“违法的”应用形容词illegal；表示“做某事对某人来说是……的”应用“It is + adj.+for sb. +to do sth.”句型。故填It is illegal for you。
63. 他试图控制整个班级，但失败了。
He failed in his attempt to ______ ______ ______ the whole class.
【答案】 ①. take ②. control ③. of
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空处涉及固定短语take control of“控制”，attempt后用不定式作定语，因此空前to是不定式符号，其后跟动词原形。故填take；control；of。
第三节(满分15分)
64. 假定你是李华，近期你收到英国朋友Jack的邮件，在该邮件中他谈及在抗击新冠肺炎疫情中，传统中药有良好的医治作用，他希望了解更多中药的优点，请你给他回信，内容包括：
1.中药完全来自大自然，副作用小；
2.对人的身体进行全面治疗；
3.能够作为治疗癌症等疾病的药物。
参考词汇：传统中医药traditional Chinese medicine
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Jack,
How is everything going? As is mentioned in your WeChat, Traditional Chinese Medicine has shown great power in 2020 epidemic prevention. Now I’d like to tell you some advantages of it as follows.
To begin with, Chinese herbs come from materials that are purely natural, which have small side - effects. In addition, Traditional Chinese Medicine is increasingly popular with western countries. Last but not least, with further studies, scientists have found that Chinese herbs are useful in treating some illnesses, such as cancer and AIDS.
As a Chinese, I believe that Traditional Chinese Medicine can help to create a healthier world. Do take care!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。好友Jack在邮件中谈及在抗击新冠肺炎疫情中，传统中药有良好的医治作用，要求考生给Jack回信介绍中药的优点。
【详解】1.词汇积累
受欢迎的：popular→welcome
有用的：useful→helpful
提及：mention→refer to
告诉：tell→inform
2.句型拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In addition, Traditional Chinese Medicine is increasingly popular with western countries.
拓展句：In addition, Traditional Chinese Medicine is increasingly popular with western countries, which is unexpected.
【点睛】[高分句型1]As is mentioned in your WeChat, Traditional Chinese Medicine has shown great power in 2020 epidemic prevention.（运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]To begin with, Chinese herbs come from materials that are purely natural, which have small side - effects.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）