精品解析：广东省惠州市龙门县高级中学2022-2023学年高二下学期4月期中考试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：广东省惠州市龙门县高级中学2022-2023学年高二下学期4月期中考试英语试题（解析版），共20页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
高二级中段考试英语科试题
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
International students studying in the UK
The UK has a long history of welcoming international students to study in its universities and colleges. For international students, choosing which university or college to go to is like a life-changing decision. Do as much research as possible so that you choose the right course for the right reason.
How to apply for higher education
All applications for higher education courses are made using our online application system, which is available 24 hours a day. You fill in the application form online and it does not need to be completed all at once. Please see the When to Apply page to check the dates by which we should receive your completed application.
Choosing a higher education course to study
Try to do a lot of research when deciding which courses to apply for. You will probably want to find out even more before you accept an offer of a place on a course. When you accept an offer of a place, make sure that all of your questions have been answered. Ask teachers if there is anything to prepare before the course starts. They may suggest that you read certain books on the course reading list or that you improve your computer skills.
Other help and advice
Some websites can help you to research subjects and universities before you decide where to apply. You can compare subjects, compare universities and explore useful information about getting a job after graduation. They can provide statistical (统计的) information on universities, colleges, subjects and teaching styles.
1. One who wants to get into a university in the UK ________.
A. must have a good reason to study abroad
B. can make an application on the Internet
C. should create more learning programs
D. will be asked to send a plan to a teacher
2. We can learn from the passage that it is a wise idea to ________.
A. learn basic computer skills in the UK when possible
B. get to know as many teachers as possible in the UK
C. do much research before choosing a college major
D. borrow certain books before going abroad to study
3. Some websites can help students ________.
A. select the best university and subject
B. meet other teenage students online
C study further after finishing a course
D. compare colleges at home and abroad
【答案】1 B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章向在英国留学的留学生介绍了在英国如何申请、课程选择以及其他的帮助和建议。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据How to apply for higher education部分中的“All applications for higher education courses are made using our online application system”（所有高等教育课程的申请都是通过我们的在线申请系统进行的）可知，学生可以在网上提交学习申请。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Do as much research as possible so that you choose the right course for the right reason.”（尽可能多做调查，这样你就能出于正确的原因选择正确的课程。）可知，尽可能多地在选择专业前做调查，这样才能做出正确的决定。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Other help and advice部分中的“Some websites can help you to research subjects and universities before you decide where to apply.”（在你决定申请哪所大学之前，一些网站可以帮助你研究学科和大学。）可知，有些网站能够帮助学生选择最佳的学校和课程。故选A。
B
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (心肺复苏术) is an important first aid skill to master and one that fewer and fewer people seem to take the time to learn these days. In fact, it only takes a few hours to get basic CPR training either in a classroom or online. Others may choose to get certified.
People pursue CPR certification for many reasons, in part because it can increase the chances of getting a job. CPR certification provides people a stronger sense of confidence in their skills. But certification is simply a card indicating that you have completed a CPR course. And it shouldn’t suggest that someone with basic CPR training but without certification is less qualified if faced with a potentially life-threatening situation. Therefore, it doesn’t matter whether you have a CPR card or not if someone has drowned or experienced cardiac arrest (心脏骤停). If you have been trained in CPR, with or without certification, you need to act.
Time is probably the main reason why people don’t obtain CPR training. But here’s the bottom line: CPR classes take only around two to three hours to complete, and many are conducted free of charge through organizations like the Red Cross. You can even take a free online CPR course if you can’t spare three hours in your week. Others shy away from things like mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. What many people fail to realize is that mouth-to-mouth is no longer a requirement for CPR and that chest compression (按压) is the focus of treatment until emergency medical services arrive.
By learning the facts about CPR training, you can make a choice about the options available to you. For more information, use the Red Cross CPR class locator and speak with an instructor near you. The best online training can be found through the National Safety Council’s first aid catalogue (目录).
4. What can we say about CPR certification?
A. It takes a long time to obtain.
B. It is useful but not necessary.
C. It represents first aid qualification.
D. It is a professional medical degree.
5. What makes people refuse CPR training according to the author?
A. Long duration. B. High learning costs.
C. Difficulty of the course. D. Misunderstandings about it.
6. What does the author do in the last paragraph?
A. Put forward a plan. B. Make a conclusion.
C. Put an advertisement. D. Provide some information.
7. What is the text mainly about?
A. How to perform CPR. B. How to do first aid training.
C. Facts about CPR training. D. Importance of CPR certification.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了心肺复苏术(CPR)是一项需要掌握的重要急救技能以及关于心肺复苏训练的事实。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“People pursue CPR certification for many reasons, in part because it can increase the chances of getting a job. CPR certification provides people a stronger sense of confidence in their skills. But certification is simply a card indicating that you have completed a CPR course. And it shouldn’t suggest that someone with basic CPR training but without certification is less qualified if faced with a potentially life-threatening situation. Therefore, it doesn’t matter whether you have a CPR card or not if someone has drowned or experienced cardiac arrest. If you have been trained in CPR, with or without certification, you need to act.”（人们追求CPR认证的原因有很多，部分原因是它可以增加找工作的机会。CPR认证让人们对自己的技能更有信心。但是认证只是一张卡片，表明你已经完成了心肺复苏术课程。它不应该表明，接受过基本CPR培训但没有认证的人在面临可能危及生命的情况时就不合格。因此，如果有人溺水或心脏骤停，你是否有CPR卡并不重要。如果你接受过心肺复苏术培训，无论有没有证书，你都需要采取行动。）可知，关于CPR认证我们能了解到它是有用的，但不是必要的。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Time is probably the main reason why people don’t obtain CPR training. But here’s the bottom line: CPR classes take only around two to three hours to complete, and many are conducted free of charge through organizations like the Red Cross. You can even take a free online CPR course if you can’t spare three hours in your week. Others shy away from things like mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. What many people fail to realize is that mouth-to-mouth is no longer a requirement for CPR and that chest compression is the focus of treatment until emergency medical services arrive.”（时间可能是人们不接受心肺复苏训练的主要原因。但最重要的是：CPR课程只需要大约两到三个小时就可以完成，而且许多都是通过红十字会等组织免费进行的。如果你每周抽不出三个小时，你甚至可以参加免费的在线CPR课程。其他人回避诸如口对口人工呼吸。许多人没有意识到的是，人工呼吸不再是CPR的必要条件，在紧急医疗服务到来之前，胸部压迫是治疗的重点。）可知，根据作者的说法，对心肺复苏的误解是让人们拒绝接培训的原因，即可能花很长时间培训以及口对口的人工呼吸。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“By learning the facts about CPR training, you can make a choice about the options available to you. For more information, use the Red Cross CPR class locator and speak with an instructor near you. The best online training can be found through the National Safety Council’s first aid catalogue (目录).”（通过了解心肺复苏术训练的事实，你可以对可供你选择的选项做出选择。要了解更多信息，请使用红十字会CPR课程定位器，并与您附近的教练交谈。最好的在线培训可以通过国家安全委员会的急救目录找到）可知，作者在最后一段提供了一些关于心肺复苏术训练的信息。故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an important first aid skill to master and one that fewer and fewer people seem to take the time to learn these days. In fact, it only takes a few hours to get basic CPR training either in a classroom or online. Others may choose to get certified.”（心肺复苏术(CPR)是一项需要掌握的重要急救技能，但如今花时间学习的人似乎越来越少。事实上，在教室或网上接受基本的心肺复苏术培训只需要几个小时。其他人可能会选择获得认证。）可知，文章主要讲的是关于心肺复苏训练的事实。故选C项。
C
Being fat is a non-stop fight between not being noticed and attracting much notice. Sometimes you want to be accepted; instead, you’re singled out and judged. In 2015, when I became the first plus-size designer to win Project Runway, I hoped it would be a moment not only for inclusive fashion, but also for all other fat human beings out there. It wasn’t just me who had won; we’d won. Many women told me they were afraid to wear bright colors or show off their arms until they saw me doing it. But some of the words on the Internet were terrible: “Why did they pick that fat designer?” “How can she encourage such an unhealthy lifestyle?” My positive psychology was affected. I got sad and negative and put on more weight. I reached a point where I couldn’t climb stairs without losing my breath.
I finally realized that if I didn’t take care of myself, I couldn’t keep doing what I loved, so I went to see a doctor and started doing exercise every day. After that I got more judgments, this time from people in the fat group who once supported me. They turned their backs on me and said, “You can’t be body positive and still losing weight.” I thought, “Well, why not? I wasn’t trying to be ‘prettier’; I wanted to have control of my life.”
Size should not divide us, whether we are fat, thin, or anywhere in the between. I’m designing clothes for plus women, but one day I might be open to designing straight (直筒型的) sizes. People judge me for that, too. But I just want to create clothes that make people feel good. I want every woman to love herself and go after her dreams like I did.
8. What was the author’s hope after she won Project Runway?
A. People would look up to her. B. Other fat people would share her pride.
C. The clothes she designed would sell well. D. Fat people would lead the fashion industry.
9. What did the author do after she saw the words on the Internet?
A. She lost interest in fashion. B. She lost control of her body.
C. She stopped wearing bright colors. D. She decided to have a healthy lifestyle.
10. What was fat people’s attitude to the author when she started losing weight?
A. Dissatisfied. B. Uninterested.
C. They laughed at her. D. They couldn’t believe it.
11. In which part of a newspaper might this passage appear?
A. Environment. B. Medicine. C. Career. D. Entertainment.
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者成为第一个赢得Project Runway的大码设计师时身体很胖，互联网上的评论让作者感到难过。后来她意识到不管胖与瘦，她希望每个女人都要爱自己并追逐自己的梦想。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In 2015, when I became the first plus-size designer to win Project Runway, I hoped it would be a moment not only for inclusive fashion, but also for all other fat human beings out there.(2015年，当我成为第一个赢得Project Runway大奖的胖人设计师时，我希望这不仅是一个包容时尚的时刻，也是属于所有其他胖人的时刻)”可知，作者在获得Runaway项目后的希望是其他胖人也会分享她的骄傲，为胖人感到自豪。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But some of the words on the Internet were terrible: “Why did they pick that fat designer? ” “How can she encourage such an unhealthy lifestyle?” I got sad and put on more weight.(但网上有些词却让人很不舒服：“他们为什么选那个胖设计师？”“她怎么能鼓励这种不健康的生活方式呢？”我很伤心，体重增加了)”可知，作者在互联网上看到这些文字后，她很悲伤，体重又增加了，即她无法控制自己的身体。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“After that I got more judgment, this time from people in the fat group who once supported me. They turned their backs on me and said, “You can’t be body positive and still losing weight.”(在那之后，我得到了更多的评价，这次是来自曾经支持我的胖人。他们背弃了我，认为我不可能在保持健康的同时还在减肥)”可知，胖人们在为自己不想减肥找理由，对于她们的“优秀代表”在减肥自然会表示出“不支持，不高兴”。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。本文介绍了作者在得奖后因为肥胖而受到人们的褒贬不一的评价，因此心情一度受到影响，后来她意识到不管胖瘦，健康和对梦想的追求才是最重要的。由此推断这篇文章会出现在报纸的职业栏目。故选C。
D
Nowadays, with the popularity of modern traffic and modern communication means, our world is becoming much smaller. Thus our life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but meanwhile it has brought new problems, the biggest one of which is pollution. For a long time ever since, man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution.
To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.
Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time.
12. What is the reason for the world to become much smaller?
A. The rise in pollution. B. Science and technology development.
C. The earth is being polluted day and night. D. The earth is blown away by the wind every year.
13. What kind of pollution is it when we “even hear it”?
A. Air pollution. B. Rubbish pollution.
C. Noise pollution. D. Water pollution.
14. Why is air pollution the most serious pollution?
A. It makes much noise. B. It makes us angry more easily.
C. It makes our rivers and lakes dirty. D. It’s bad for all living things in the world.
15. What is the writer’s attitude toward stopping pollution?
A. Supportive. B. Critical. C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球的科技正在发展，但是也带来了新的问题，最大的问题就是污染 。各种各样的污染使地球变得污秽不堪，呼吁我们保护地球——我们的家园。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Nowadays, with the popularity of modern traffic and modern communication means, our world is becoming much smaller. (如今，随着现代交通和现代通信手段的普及，我们的世界变得越来越小)”可知，世界变小是科技的发展导致的。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it. (污染有很多方面。我们看到它，闻到它，喝到它，甚至听到它) ”可知，在四个选项中，只有C选项“噪音污染”是听得见的。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution.(空气污染仍然是最严重的。它对世界上所有的生物都是有害的，但它不是唯一的一种污染)”可知，空气污染对所有的生物都有害。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time.(地球是我们的家园。我们必须处理好它。这意味着保持土地、水和空气的清洁。同时，我们必须注意污染的增加)”可推知，作者对制止污染持支持态度。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As a well-known Chinese saying goes, “A journey of one thousand miles begins with a single step.” ____16____ They turned off all lights and electronics from 8:30 to 9:30 pm local time.
Earth Hour is put forward by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). On March 31, 2007, the organization encouraged the citizens in Sydney to switch off all lights and turn off all non-essential devices for one hour. Over 2 million households and 2,100 companies answered the call. This small action helped save 10% of the electricity in a regular evening hour. ____17____
Besides making an immediate difference, the WWF says the worldwide participation shows people’s desire to do their share to reverse (逆转) climate change. ____18____ According to the WWF, simple actions such as turning off unnecessary lights or choosing wood pencils over plastic ones can also help reverse climate change.
____19____ In 2008, over 50 million people in over 5,000 cities worldwide observed the event, and the numbers have only grown since. Today, Earth Hour is celebrated in over 180 countries.
Are you not sure what to do without your phone or television for a whole hour? WWF suggests organizing a candlelight dinner for your family or, even better, a picnic under the stars. ____20____ Remember that climate change can be reversed if we all help, so be sure to do your part!
A. Your participation never counts.
B. Or how about a late-night hike or a bike ride?
C. There is no doubt that their efforts have paid off.
D. Gradually, more people joined the Earth Hour movement.
E. It’s the biggest voluntary environmental movement globally.
F. And it shows small lifestyle changes can make a big difference as well.
G. On March 27, 2021, millions of people worldwide took the first step towards reversing climate change.
【答案】16. G 17. C 18. F 19. D 20. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。“地球一小时”是世界自然基金会为应对全球气候变化而提出的一项倡议。本文主要介绍了该活动的由来、发展及影响。
【16题详解】
根据上文“As a well-known Chinese saying goes, “A journey of one thousand miles begins with a single step.”(中国有句名言:“千里之行，始于足下。”)和下文“They turned off all lights and electronics from 8:30 to 9:30 pm local time. (他们在当地时间晚上8:30到9:30关闭了所有的电灯和电子设备。)”可知，空处应该引起下文，G项中的“millions of people”和下文的“they”对应，G项中的“the first step”与空前一句的“a single step”对应。G项：On March 27, 2021, millions of people worldwide took the first step towards reversing climate change. (2021年3月27日，全球数百万人向扭转气候变化迈出了第一步。)符合语境。故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“This small action helped save 10% of the electricity in a regular evening hour. (这个小动作帮助我们在晚上节省了10%的电费。)”可知，这个活动是取得成效的。C项：There is no doubt that their efforts have paid off.(毫无疑问，他们的努力得到了回报。)符合语境，是对上文的总结。故选C。
【18题详解】
根据下文“According to the WWF, simple actions such as turning off unnecessary lights or choosing wood pencils over plastic ones can also help reverse climate change.(世界自然基金会表示，一些简单的行动，比如关掉不必要的灯，或者选择木制铅笔而不是塑料铅笔，也有助于扭转气候变化。)”可知，此处引用世界自然基金会的观点来具体说明，一些简单的行动有助于扭转气候变化，由此可知，空处应该引起下文，说明一些生活方式的小变化都是有用的，F项中的“small lifestyle changes”和下文中“turning off unnecessary lights”、“choosing wood pencils over plastic ones”对应。F项：And it shows small lifestyle changes can make a big difference as well.(研究还表明，生活方式的小改变也能产生很大的影响。)符合语境。故选F。
【19题详解】
空处为段落主题句。根据下文“In 2008, over 50 million people in over 5,000 cities worldwide observed the event, and the numbers have only grown since. (2008年，全球5000多个城市的5000多万人观看了这一盛事，此后人数还在不断增长。)”可知，本段主要说明参加“地球一小时”活动的人数不断增加。D项：Gradually, more people joined the Earth Hour movement.(渐渐地，越来越多的人加入了地球一小时活动。)符合语境。故选D。
【20题详解】
根据上文“WWF suggests organizing a candlelight dinner for your family or, even better, a picnic under the stars.( 世界自然基金会建议为你的家人组织一场烛光晚餐，或者更好的是在星空下野餐)”可知，上文主要介绍了人们在参与“地球一小时”活动可以做的事情。空处承接上文，继续列举“地球一小时”活动期间可做的事情。B项：Or how about a late-night hike or a bike ride?(或者深夜徒步旅行或骑自行车怎么样？)符合语境。故选B。
第二部分 语言运用(共四节，满分45分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给A、B、C、D的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
George Turner thought his childhood bike gave him freedom. For him, home meant ____21____ chores, homework and an endless sea of books. A bike meant escape. George and his friends often rode to the beach, the mall, construction sites and so on. When growing up, therefore, he ____22____ to help boys and girls discover the ____23____ of riding bicycles as he used to. Then he opened Penuel Bicycles in Inglewood, California, transforming his interest into his occupation.
In those days, many kids, ____24____, had a new love. They enjoyed playing video games or were ____25____ to their phones. They didn’t, ____26____ and ride bikes. Lots of adults didn’t ride, either. George struggled. Some days, he, ____27____ if he sold just one bike.
Last year, the corona virus pandemic, ____28____ the nation. George closed Penuel’s door. Separated at home and eager for something to do, many Americans were buying bicycles. Bicycles became a source of ____29____ during a time of sadness and loss. Bike shops nationwide ______30______.
George sold all his bicycles in a month. People in his neighborhood pulled their old bikes out of the garage(车库) and wheeled them to Penuel to get their bikes ______31______ and ready to ride. He suddenly saw various bikes appear in front of his shop.
Out on his own bike, George saw ______32______ everywhere. Suddenly his long-held dream of a whole community on their bikes, enjoying the freedom of two wheels, ______33______. Finding what you are ______34______ in and never ______35______ it up are the meaning of life.
21. A. amusing B. relaxing C. surprising D. boring
22. A. determined B. refused C. failed D. pretended
23. A. danger B. courage C. difficulty D. joy
24. A. besides B. however C. therefore D. otherwise
25. A. addicted B. related C. exposed D. used
26. A. settle down B. go out C. cheer up D. calm down
27. A. celebrated B. whispered C. joked D. nodded
28. A. divided B. inspired C. rescued D. troubled
29 A. comfort B. pride C. anxiety D. stress
30. A. closed down B. sold out C. gathered together D. stood out
31. A. recycled B. painted C. repaired D. replaced
32. A. runners B. dancers C. riders D. drivers
33. A. came back B. came true C. came to nothing D. came to life
34. A. rich B. disappointed C. expert D. interested
35. A. cleaning B. setting C. giving D. picking
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了George Turner童年时就喜欢骑自行车，长大后想让更多青少年喜欢上自行车，George把自己的兴趣变成自己的职业，开了自行车店，虽然起初生意很差但是他坚持下去，最终梦想成真。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，家意味着无聊的家务、家庭作业和无尽的书海。A. amusing逗人笑的，有乐趣的；B. relaxing令人放松的；C. surprising令人吃惊的；D. boring令人厌倦（或厌烦）的。根据句中“and an endless sea of books.”可知，George Turner觉得家务和作业很枯燥，令人厌烦。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，当他长大后，他决定帮助男孩和女孩发现骑自行车的乐趣，就像他以前一样。A. determined决定；下决心；B. refused拒绝；C. failed失败；D. pretended假装。根据下文“Then he opened Penuel Bicycles in Inglewood, California,”可知，George Turner决定帮助孩子们发现骑自行车的乐趣。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，当他长大后，他决定帮助男孩和女孩发现骑自行车的乐趣，就像他以前一样。A. danger危险，风险；B. courage勇气；C. difficulty难题，困难；D. joy乐趣，高兴。根据第一句“George Turner thought his childhood bike gave him freedom.”以及下文“Suddenly his long-held dream of a whole community on their bikes, enjoying the freedom of two wheels, ___13___.”可知，他决定帮助孩子们找到骑自行车的乐趣。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在那些日子里，许多孩子都有了新的爱好。A. besides此外；B. however然而；C. therefore因此；D. otherwise否则。句意分析可知，上文“When growing up, therefore, he ____2____ to help boys and girls discover the ____3____ of riding bicycles as he used to. Then he opened Penuel Bicycles in Inglewood, California, transforming his interest into his occupation.”与此句之间是转折关系，however“然而”符合语境。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们喜欢玩电子游戏，或者对手机上瘾。A. addicted上瘾的，入迷的；B. related相关的，有联系的；C. exposed无遮蔽的，不遮挡风雨的；D. used习惯于，二手的。根据空前的“enjoyed playing video games”可知，孩子们迷上了玩游戏和手机，be addicted to“对……上瘾，着迷”符合句意。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们没有出去骑自行车。A. settle down定居下来；B. go out出去，熄灭；C. cheer up使高兴，使振奋；D. calm down镇定下来。根据上文“They enjoyed playing video games or were ___5___ to their phones.”以及本句中的“and ride bikes”可知，他们在家里玩游戏和手机，不出去骑自行车。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候，只要卖出一辆自行车，他就会庆祝一番。A. celebrated庆祝，赞扬；B. whispered窃窃私语，低声地说；C. joked说笑话，取笑；D. nodded点头，打瞌睡。根据上文“They enjoyed playing video games or were __5__ to their phones. They didn’t ____6____ and ride bikes. Lots of adults didn’t ride, either.”可知，很少有人骑自行车，George生意很差，因此能卖出一辆车他都很高兴，庆祝一下。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年，冠状病毒大流行困扰了这个国家。A. divided(使)分开；B. inspired激励，鼓舞；C. rescued救援；D. troubled使烦恼，打扰。根据下文“George closed Penuel’s door.”以及常识可知，新冠疫情给人们带来困扰和麻烦。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在悲伤和失落的时候，自行车成了一种安慰。A. comfort舒服，安慰；B. pride自豪（感），自尊（心）；C. anxiety焦虑；D. stress紧张，压力。根据上文“George closed Penuel’s door. Separated at home and eager for something to do, many Americans were buying bicycles.”可知，当被隔离在家、悲伤失落时，自行车给人们带来慰藉。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：全国各地的自行车店都卖光了。A. closed down结束播放，倒闭；B. sold out售完；C. gathered together聚集；D. stood out出色，杰出。根据上文“many Americans were buying bicycles.”以及下文“George sold all his bicycles in a month.”可知，自行车畅销，自行车都卖光了，动词短语sell out“售完，售罄”符合句意。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他所在社区的人们把他们的旧自行车从车库里拖出来，推到Penuel，去把自行车修理下，准备骑行。A. recycled回收利用；B. painted在……上刷油漆，用颜料画；C. repaired修理；D. replaced取代，替换。根据“People in his neighborhood pulled their old bikes out of the garage ”以及空后的“ready to ride.”可知，他们是把旧自行车推到Penuel去修理。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：George骑着自己的自行车出去，看到到处都是骑车的人。A. runners奔跑者；B. dancers舞蹈家；C. riders骑手；D. drivers司机。根据下文“Suddenly his long-held dream of a whole community on their bikes, enjoying the freedom of two wheels, __13__.”可知，有很多人走出家门骑自行车。George看到很多骑车的人。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：突然间，他长久以来的梦想实现了，整个社区都骑着自行车，享受着两个轮子的自由。A. came back返回，再度流行；B. came true 实现，成为现实；C. came to nothing失败，毫无成果；D. came to life苏醒，表现生动。根据上文“When growing up, therefore, he __2__ to help boys and girls discover the __3__ of riding bicycles as he used to.”以及“Out on his own bike, George saw __12__ everywhere.”可知George长久以来的让青少年喜欢上骑自行车的梦想实现了。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：找到你感兴趣的东西并永不放弃，这就是生活的意义。A. rich富有的；B. disappointed失望的；C. expert专业的；D. interested感兴趣的。根据文中所讲述的George的故事以及上文中的“transforming his interest into his occupation.”可知文章讲述的是找到自己的兴趣并坚持下去。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：找到你感兴趣的东西并永不放弃，这就是生活的意义。A. cleaning清洁；B. setting放置，以……为背景；C. giving给，付出；D. picking采摘，挑选。文章讲述了George找到自己感兴趣的东西并把其变成自己的职业，虽然经过挫折但并坚持下去的故事，动词短语give up意为“放弃”，never give up意为“永不放弃”符合语境。故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese scientists have developed a kind of plastic that degrades in sea water and could help slow down the ___36___(increase) serious plastic pollution in the ocean.
The new plastic can degrade in sea water over a period ranging from a few days to several hundred days, ___37___(leave) small parts that cause no pollution, said Wang Gexia, ___38___ is a senior engineer. 
For a long time, people focused ___39___ white pollution on land. Plastic pollution in the sea only caught people’s attention when more and more ___40___(report) about marine animals dying from it appeared in recent years.
Scientists combined water dissolution and biodegradation processes ___41___(design) and invent ___42___ new plastic.
The research ___43___(select) as one of the winning projects at a contest. The contest encouraged young Chinese scientists to develop groundbreaking technologies and was intended to inspire creativity. 
China has given top attention to ___44___(environment) protection, contributing Chinese wisdom to ____45____(resolve) global pollution problems.
【答案】36. increasingly
37. leaving
38. who 39. on
40. reports
41. to design
42. the 43. was selected
44. environmental
45. resolving
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。中国科学家研制出一种新塑料，这种塑料可以在海水中降解，并有助于减缓海洋中日益严重的塑料污染。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：中国科学家研制出了一种可以在海水中降解的塑料，这种塑料可以帮助减缓海洋中日益严重的塑料污染。该空后为形容词 serious，应用副词increasingly修饰，故填increasingly。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：高级工程师王格霞说，这种新塑料可以在几天到几百天的时间里在海水中降解，只留下不会造成污染的小部件。该句中已有谓语动词，此处应为非谓语动词，且此处表示自然而然的结果，所以使用其现在分词。故填leaving。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：高级工程师王格霞说，这种新塑料可以在几天到几百天的时间里在海水中降解，只留下不会造成污染的小部件。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Wang Gexia，且在从句中作主语，指人，故填who。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：在很长一段时间里，人们把注意力集中在陆地上的白色污染上。短语focus on表示“把注意力集中于……”。故填on。
【40题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：近年来，当越来越多的海洋动物死于塑料污染的报道出现时，海洋塑料污染才引起人们的注意。report为可数名词，结合“more and more+可数名词复数”表示“越来越多的……”故用复数形式。故填reports。
【41题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：科学家们将水的溶解和生物降解过程结合起来设计并发明了这种新塑料。此处应用动词不定式表目的，故填to design。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：科学家们将水的溶解和生物降解过程结合起来设计并发明了这种新塑料。这里表示特指，指的是上文提到的科学家发明的这种新塑料，应用定冠词the。故填the。
【43题详解】
考查时态语态及主谓一致。句意：这项研究被选为竞赛的一个获奖项目。这里讲的是过去的事情，时态应用一般过去时；主语与谓语构成被动关系，故为一般过去时的被动语态，主语是The research，谓语用单数。故填was selected。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：中国高度重视环境保护，为解决全球污染贡献了中国智慧。protection为名词，用形容词environmental修饰，作定语。故填environmental。
【45题详解】
考查动名词。句意：中国高度重视环境保护，为解决全球污染贡献了中国智慧。contribute...to...表示“贡献”，其中to为介词，其后应用动名词形式。故填resolving。
第三节(共7小题;每小题1分，满分7分)
阅读下面的句子，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
46. She took a long slow________ (breathe) to clam down. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】breath
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他缓缓地深吸了一口气来平静自己。此处应用名词breath作宾语，由a可知，应用单数，故填breath。
47. A serious problem _______________ (arise) in recent several years that more and more college students give up study because of their taking part-time jobs. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has arisen
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：近年来出现了一个严重的问题，越来越多的大学生因为兼职而放弃了学业。根据时间状语in recent several years“近些年”可知，本句应使用现在完成时态，结构为have/has done，主语为单数，故填has arisen。
48. It is not ______(reality) to expect people to spend so much money. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】realistic
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：期望人们花这么多钱是不现实的。作表语，表示“实际的”应用形容词realistic。故填realistic。
49. To my ______(astonish), he has made such rapid progress in English this term. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】astonishment

【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：令我惊讶的是，这学期他的英语进步如此之快。to one’s astonishment固定搭配，意为“令某人惊讶的是”。根据句意，故填astonishment。
50. As is reported on TV,the fires are likely to ________(permanent) deforest the land. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】permanently
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：正如电视上报道的那样，大火很可能永远地毁掉这片土地上的森林。 修饰动词短语deforest the land，应该用副词形式。故填permanently。
51. Newton was not just a genius. He was among the most ______(influence) figures. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】influential

【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：牛顿不仅仅是一个天才。他是最有影响力的人物之一。分析句子可知，the most 后接形容词形式，构成形容词最高级形式，在句中作定语修饰名词figures。故填influential。
52. ______(sustain) development is the common target of human beings. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Sustainable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：可持续发展是人类的共同目标。名词development前用形容词修饰，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Sustainable。
第四节(共4小题;每空0.5分，满分8分)
53. 生命的真谛不在于你呼吸的次数，而在于那些令你惊叹不已的时刻。
Life is not the amount of breaths you take, it’s the moments that ______ ______ ______ ______.
【答案】 ①. take ②. your ③. breath ④. away
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。根据中文可知，空处表示“令你惊叹不已”，作that引导的限制性定语从句的谓语，可用固定短语take one’s breath away，意为“令……惊叹不已”，“你”用your，句子在描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，且从句的先行词moments是复数，take用原形。故依次填take your breath away。
54. 直到第二天，我才明白事情的真相。
______ ______ ______ ______ the next day that I learnt the truth.
【答案】 ①. It ②. was ③. not ④. until
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句。句意：直到第二天，我才明白事情的真相。not...until...直到……才……；not until的强调句式：It is / was not until+从句/表时间的词+that从句。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。根据句意，故填It was not until。
55. 我从工作场所走到那儿花了一小时的时间。
It ______ ______ ______ ______ to walk there from my workplace.
【答案】 ① took ②. me ③. an ④. hour

【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，it takes/took sb. some time to do固定句型，意为“花费某人所长时间做某事”，“我”为me作宾语，“一小时”为an hour，故填①took②me③an④hour。
56. 发动机中的蒸汽压力由这个按钮控制。
The button ______ ______ ______ ______ the pressure of the steam in the engine.
【答案】 ①. is ②. in ③. control ④. of
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。“控制……”为短语be in control of，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，be动词应用is，故填①is②in③control④of。
第三部分 读后续写(满分25分)
57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route(路线)through thick evergreen forest.
I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
What was wrong? He had worked so hard for this event!
I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him,” he explained uncomfortably. “I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide.”
I bit back my frustration(懊恼). I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer—that’s all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me. I said gently and quietly, “No one can change your mind, except yourself. If you desire to challenge yourself, there is nothing to do with others’ thoughts.” He sat still with a deep breath. “You have a full preparation before this event, which is the most important reason why you show up here”, I added with a sincere tone. Hearing my words, David turned to me tremblingly with tears spilling out of his eyes and expressed he had made a firm determination to finish the cross-country run. His coach heard what David said and gave me a look—the kind that was more determined than anyone else’s.

I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. The race started. It seemed that the runway was extremely long for young children, not to mention a child with a brain disease. David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses, though he was tripped over within the a few kilometers. It didn’t take long before he picked himself up again and continued his mission. Classmates all appeared on the racing track, cheering for him. “Come on! You can make it! We are proud of you!” they shouted enthusiastically. To everyone’s joy, he reached the final line and ranked the 20th. It was no more important whether he won the first place or not. It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者是一名特殊教育教师，在大型越野赛跑那天，发现患有大脑疾病大卫独自站在一旁。作者问其原因，他说准备放弃比赛。从教练口中得知，因为担心同学们会嘲笑大卫，所以教练想让大卫自己去决定是否参加赛跑。作者让大卫追寻自己的内心，不理会别人的看法，大卫最终参赛，尽管遇到困难，他战胜了自己，这已经无关名次，而是他的勇敢和坚定让这一切成为可能。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我们挨着坐着，但大卫不愿看我一眼。”可知，第一段可描写作者鼓励大卫继续完成比赛，大卫经过强烈的心理斗争，最终决定参加比赛。
②由第二段首句内容“我看着大卫和其他选手一起走到起跑线上。”可知，第二段可描写大卫开始参赛，虽然中途遇到困难，仍然坚持到最后，完成比赛。
2.续写线索：鼓励大卫——心理变化——决定参赛——克服困难——加油助威——完成比赛——感悟
3.词汇激活：
行动类：
①深呼吸：with a deep breath/breathe deeply
②坚持做：insisted on doing/be stick to doing
情绪类：
①热情：enthusiastically /with great passion
②骄傲：be proud of/take pride in
【点睛】[高分句型1]You have a full preparation before this event, which is the most important reason why you show up here. (由which引导的非限制性定语从句和why引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]Hearing my words, David turned to me tremblingly with tears spilling out of his eyes and expressed he had made a firm determination to finish the cross-country run. (现在分词作状语和省略that的宾语从句)
[高分句型3]It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally. (由It was...that结构引导的强调句型)