2022年12月山东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语模拟卷（一）

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山东省2022年冬季普通高中学业水平合格模拟考试
英语试题（A卷）
（满分100分 考试时间 90分钟）
注意事项:
1．答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、考籍号和座号填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。
2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答案写在试卷上无效。
3．非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试卷上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分)
做题时，可先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，必须将答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。
1．Where does the conversation take place?
A．In an elevator. B．On a bus. C．In a taxi.
【答案】B
【原文】
M: At which stop will we get off?
W: We still have three more stops to go.
2．How did Charles travel through South China?
A．By bus. B．By car. C．By train.
【答案】B
【原文】
M: Charles enjoyed his two-week drive through South China.
W: Yes, he said that he saw much more than he would have seen by bus or train.
3．What will the man do in Edinburgh?
A．Do business with Justin. B．Tell Justin his new address. C．Give Justin some medicines.
【答案】C
【原文】
M: Rosy, I’m leaving for Edinburgh on business the day after tomorrow. Would you like me to take anything to Justin?
W: Yeah. Here’s his address. Please take it with you. And please give him these medicines when you see him there.
4．What do we know about the shirt?
A．It needs to be ironed B．It is being washed now. C．It is still in the laundry basket.
【答案】A
【原文】
M: Is my best shirt clean, honey? I thought I threw it in the laundry basket yesterday. I need it for work today.
W: It’s washed, but it has a ton of wrinkles. I can have it ready in about 10 minutes.
5．How many times has the man seen the singer?
A．Once. B．Twice. C．Three times.
【答案】C
【原文】
W: That singer you like is performing at the stadium in January. Are you going?
M: I’d like to, but the tickets are so expensive and I did see him in London and Birmingham.
W: You also saw him in Manchester. We went with you.
第二节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分.)
听下面三段对话和一段独白。每段对话和独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话和独白前，你都有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话和独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8题。
6．Why does the man recommend Muse Magazine to the woman?
A．It’s helpful for schoolwork. B．It’s about science and nature. C．It has lots of inspiring stories.
7．How old is the woman’s son now?
A．8. B．9. C．14.
8．What will the woman probably do next?
A．Get back to her office. B．Buy the magazine. C．Ask for her son’s opinion.
【答案】6．B    7．A    8．B
【原文】
W: Good morning. My son wants to read some magazines this year. Could you recommend a magazine to me?
M: Certainly. What is your son especially interested in?
W: He’s particularly interested in science and nature.
M: Then you can buy this magazine for him. It’s an educational magazine called Muse Magazine. It’s created to inspire young minds to explore the world of science and nature.
W: Good. But is it suitable for my son?
M: The magazine is for children aged from 9 to 14. So how old is your son now?
W: He’ll turn 9 next month.
M: Don’t worry. I guess he can read it.
W: I agree. I hope he’ll like it.
听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11题。
9．What are the speakers talking about?
A．Friendship. B．Hobbies. C．Qualities.
10．What is the most important in the man’s eye7
A．Getting along well easily. B．Sharing joys and hardships. C．Spending much time together
11．Who influences the man about honesty?
A．The woman. B．His friend. C．His mother.
【答案】9．A    10．B    11．C
【原文】
M: What kind of qualities do you look for in your friends?
W: I like to make friends with people who are open and friendly.
M: I like to make friends with those who I can get along well with. Maybe you don’t have much in common, but you feel very comfortable when you are with each other.
W: I agree. But generally, I prefer to make friends with those who share similar interests with me. We can do a lot of things together and it’s great fun. I love spending time with my friends.
M: That certainly is good. But I think the most important thing about friendship is that you can share happiness and sorrows; you can always help each other when in trouble. Besides, my mother always says that a friend should be honest and trustworthy.
W: Yes, that is true.
听下面一段对话，回答第12至第15题。
12．What’s the man famous for?
A．Doing business. B．Collecting coins. C．Teaching maths.
13．What is the woman doing?
A．Learning to talk with a professor.
B．Collecting information for the paper.
C．Figuring out how to develop a hobby.
14．How does the man get the coins for his collection?
A．By trading for rare and old ones.
B．By asking his uncle to buy some.
C．By asking for some from his friends.
15．How many coins does the man have now?
A．About 1,200. B．About 2,500. C．Over 5,000.
【答案】12．C    13．B    14．A    15．C
【原文】
W: Mr Jones, you’re well-known in town as a professor of mathematics at the City College. We’re writing for our paper about what professional people do in their spare time. May I ask you a few questions about your hobby?
M: Sure, I love discussing my hobby with people. I’m a coin collector.
W: How long have you been collecting coins?
M: Since I was 12 years old. My uncle gave me a book with spaces to put coins in.
W: How did your interest grow?
M:I filled that book and continued to examine the coins that passed through my hands, searching for rare and old ones.
W: Where do you find the coins for your collection?
M: Sometimes in my pocket change, but usually I buy them from other collectors or trade for others.
W:What does your collection consist of now?
M:Two years ago I had only 2,500, but now I have over 5,000 valuable coins which have doubled in value.
W: Thank you for your answers, Mr Jones. I think people will like to read about your hobby.
听下面一段独白，回答第16至第20题。
16．What did the speaker study at university?
A．Law. B．Medicine. C．Economics.
17. How long did the speaker spend in South America after college?
A. One and a half years B. One year C. Two years
18．Which of the following has something in common with cocoa beans?
A．Apples. B．Bananas. C．Grapes.
19．What is the most difficult part of making chocolate?
A．Melting it correctly. B．Cooling it in time. C．Testing it regularly.
20．What is the speaker’s key to success?
A．Growing high-quality cocoa beans.
B．Keeping a diary of his experiments.
C．Trying to test all kinds of chocolate.
【答案】16．A    17. B 18．C    19．A    20．B
【原文】
Hi, my name is Sam Conti and my job is making and selling chocolate. People often ask how I got into this business. Well, my parents wanted me to study medicine or economics at university, but at the time I thought law might open more doors, so that’s what I did. But life doesn’t always work out the way you plan it.
After college, I spent one year in South America, where I fell in love with growing cocoa beans. It is not an easy job, because cocoa beans can be easily affected by weather—much more than other fruit like apples or bananas. In fact, the beans are more like grapes, so each year’s crop is of a different quality.
When I came home, I decided to open a small shop making and selling my own chocolate. That was hard work I can tell you, because so much can go wrong with chocolate. The hardest bit is melting it in the right way, but cooling it correctly isn’t easy, either. To learn the trade, I set about testing all the chocolate I could find.
Another thing I like to do is write up my experiments I keep a diary for this. It’s the key to my success.
第二部分阅读（共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Festivals in 2022
Roskilde Festival
With some of the biggest names in music, the Roskilde Festival in Denmark is preparing to bring fans an experience of a lifetime. Besides rock, electronic, and pop music, fans will also be treated to comedy, poetry, a carnival, and much more at this week-long festival. Shops, food, showers, grills and campsites are all close by. You can even rent a bike to get around the festival quickly.
Boomtown Fair
Boomtown is considered to be one of the wildest independent festivals in the world. Established in 2009 Winchester, United Kingdom, the fair takes place every summer, offering entertainment for visitors of all ages. Additionally, it specially conducts arts and crafts workshops for kids. Tracing its origin to its “underground” roots, Boomtown offers every type of music, from folk and jazz to disco and punk.
Impact Festival
The festival stays true to its name and truly impacts you through the experience you have while you attend the festival. You will spend your day meeting beautiful people, listening to some incredible live music, seeing an combination of fashionable costumes and clothing, freeing your mind and spirit and dancing the night away with a bunch of other people. You will be staying in the third-largest city in Poland, Lodz, a beautiful city.
Wilderness Festival
The combination of fantastic music, amazing food, and a lovely atmosphere come together to give you the Wilderness Festival in Oxfordshire, UK. More than live music performances, The Oxfordshire Wilderness Festival also offers an environment for camping and enjoying the quiet backdrop of countryside. Events and exhibitions for festival attendees of all ages will be provided.
21．Where should you go if you want to cycle around the festival?
A．L6dz. B．Oxfordshire.
C．Denmark. D．Winchester.
22．Which festival is most suitable for children?
A．Roskilde Festival. B．Boomtown Fair.
C．Impact Festival. D．Wilderness Festival.
23．What can you do at the four festivals?
A．Enjoy music. B．Taste food.
C．Buy clothes. D．Draw pictures.
【参考答案】
21．C    22．B    23．A
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个2022年的音乐节。
【详情解析】
21．【C】细节理解题。根据Roskilde Festival中的“You can even rent a bike to get around the festival quickly.(你甚至可以租一辆自行车来快速游览节日)”可知，你可以租一辆自行车在Roskilde Festival上四处骑行。故选C。
22．【B】细节理解题。根据Boomtown Fair中的“Additionally, it specially conducts arts and crafts workshops for kids.(此外，它还专门为孩子们举办工艺美术讲习班)”可知，在Boomtown Fair有专门为孩子们设立的艺术工艺工作坊。故选B。
23．【A】细节理解题。根据第一段中“With some of the biggest names in music, the Roskilde Festival in Denmark is preparing to bring fans an experience of a lifetime.(丹麦的Roskilde Festival拥有一些音乐界的大牌，正准备为粉丝们带来一生难忘的体验)”；第二段中“Tracing its origin to its “underground” roots, Boomtown offers every type of music, from folk and jazz to disco and punk. (追溯其起源到“地下”根源，Boomtown提供各种类型的音乐，从民谣和爵士乐到迪斯科和朋克)”；第三段中“You will spend your day meeting beautiful people, listening to some incredible live music, seeing an combination of fashionable costumes and clothing, freeing your mind and spirit and dancing the night away with a bunch of other people.(你将花一天的时间与美丽的人会面，听一些令人难以置信的现场音乐，看时尚服装和服装的组合，解放你的思想和精神，与一群其他人共舞一晚)”以及最后一段中“More than live music performances, The Oxfordshire Wilderness Festival also offers an environment for camping and enjoying the quiet backdrop of countryside.(除了现场音乐表演外，牛津郡荒野节还提供了露营和享受乡村宁静背景的环境)”可知，在这四个节日都可以欣赏音乐。故选A。
B
Historically, space food was mainly provided in pastes(糊) and eaten from tubes. In 1961, the first food was eaten in space by Yuri Gagarin, who became the first man in space and the first person to eat in space. Aboard Vostok 1 on 12 April 1961, Gagarin ate beef paste from a tube by squeezing it into his mouth.
As science and technology have provided us with new forms of food processing and packaging, the foods have also improved to now resemble many meals we have on Earth. When planning which foods to send into space, they are divided into the following groups:
●Fresh foods —produce with a two-day shelf life, such as fruit and vegetables, is refrigerated onboard the spacecraft and consumed quickly to avoid going bad. As vitamins and nutrients can generally be satisfied by other means, this product is sent to keep spirits high.
●Irradiated(辐照的) foods—meat and dairy produce have been specially processed before packaging to increase the items’ shelf life.
●Intermediate moisture(水分适中) foods—these foods contain a small quantity of water and are often soft. Processes such as salting or sun-drying are used in the creation of these items and require no further preparation.
●Natural form foods—foods such as nuts, biscuits, and chocolate bars are simply packaged and ready to eat.
●Rehydratable(可复水的) foods and drinks—for a long time, this was the standard method of preparing food for space. Removing the water from the food or drink makes it difficult for bacteria to multiply and dramatically extends the product’s shelf life, and reduces the chance of them going bad. These products have water returned to them when astronauts are ready to eat.
Today, astronauts have a range of food to choose from. On the ISS (International Space Station), food is delivered refrigerated or dehydrated(脱水的) once every 90 days, which can be cooked in microwaves. Different nations aboard the ISS provide their traditional courses and snacks, helping the crew to share their cultures while having a taste of home.
24．Why is Gagarin mentioned in the text?
A．To tell people astronauts’ daily life.
B．To inform readers of the first food in space.
C．To show the form of food once eaten in space.
D．To indicate the poor living conditions in space.
25．What does the underlined word “resemble” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Replace. B．Change. C．Add to. D．Look like.
26．Which kind of food is processed by salt?
A．Fresh foods. B．Irradiated foods.
C．Intermediate moisture foods. D．Natural form foods.
27．What is mainly talked about in the text?
A．The food history in space. B．What astronauts feed on in space.
C．The astronauts’ favorite food. D．What leads to the varied space food.
【参考答案】
24．C    25．D    26．C    27．B
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空的饮食，太空食品从最初的糊状物到现在形式的多样化。
【详情解析】
24．【C】推理判断题。根据第一段“Historically, space food was mainly provided in pastes(糊) and eaten from tubes. In 1961, the first food was eaten in space by Yuri Gagarin, who became the first man in space and the first person to eat in space. Aboard Vostok 1 on 12 April 1961, Gagarin ate beef paste from a tube by squeezing it into his mouth.(从历史上看，太空食品主要是以糊状物的形式提供，而且从管子里吃。并通过管道食用。1961年，Yuri Gagarin在太空吃到了第一份食物，他成为了太空第一人，也是第一个在太空吃饭的人。1961年4月12日，在东方1号上，Gagarin把一管牛肉酱挤到嘴里吃。)”以及第二段“As science and technology have provided us with new forms of food processing and packaging, the foods have also improved to now resemble many meals we have on Earth. (随着科学技术为我们提供了新形式的食品加工和包装，食品也得到改进，现在类似于我们在地球上的许多膳食。)”可判断文中提到Gagarin是为了说明曾经的太空食品的形态。故选C。
25．【D】词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“As science and technology have provided us with new forms of food processing and packaging, the foods have also improved to now resemble many meals we have on Earth. (随着科学技术为我们提供了新形式的食品加工和包装，食品也得到改进，现在 resemble我们在地球上的许多膳食。)”结合下文提到的食物种类以及最后一段第一句“Today, astronauts have a range of food to choose from.( 今天，宇航员有一系列的食物可供选择.)”和最后一句“Different nations aboard the ISS provide their traditional courses and snacks, helping the crew to share their cultures while having a taste of home.(国际空间站上的不同国家提供他们的传统菜肴和小吃，帮助宇航员在品尝家乡味道的同时分享他们的文化。)”可知，现在带入太空的食品和我们地球上吃的食物很相似，故判断“resemble”和“look like(看上去像)”含义接近。故选D。
26．【C】细节理解题。根据第三类食物“Intermediate moisture(水分适中) foods”介绍中的“Processes such as salting or sun-drying are used in the creation of these items and require no further preparation.(这些物品的制作过程中使用了用盐腌制或晒干等工艺，不需要进一步的准备。)”可知在“Intermediate moisture foods”的制作过程中使用了盐。故选C。
27． 【B】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“As science and technology have provided us with new
forms of food processing and packaging, the foods have also improved to now resemble many meals we have on Earth. When planning which foods to send into space, they are divided into the following groups:( 随着科学技术为我们提供了新的食品加工和包装形式，这些食品也得到了改进，现在类似于我们在地球上的许多餐。在计划将哪些食物送入太空时，它们被分为以下几组：)”和下文具体的食物种类可知文章主要介绍了目前的太空食品；再结合最后一段的总结“Today, astronauts have a range of food to choose from.( 今天，宇航员有一系列的食物可供选择。)” 可知本文主要介绍了宇航员的食物，由此判断“What astronauts feed on in space.”（太空中宇航员吃什么）能概括全文，故选B。
C
Fifty years ago, astronauts traveled to space in rockets designed, built, and maintained by NASA and paid for by government funding. Today, the astronauts are often billionaires enjoying a journey into low orbit on a rocket they paid for from their billion-dollar bank accounts.
The change feels like a giant leap, but it makes sense, says Laura Seward Forczyk, founder of Astralytical a space consulting company. “More and more of modern civilization relies on space,” she says.
Huge numbers of satellites orbit the planet connecting us to everything from cell phones to GPS to Netflix and there is big money in maintaining those systems. “This doesn’t get a lot of headlines typically, but there are profit reasons why private companies want to go into space,” says Forczyk.
And 85 private companies learn more about putting rockets and satellites into space, they’re able to help the likes of NASA on their missions. That’s important because NASA itself has become financially constrained from its 1966 peak, where spending on the space race took up 4.4 percent of the federal budget, that spending is now less than 0.5 percent of the country’s total budget.
“NASA using commercial companies to build a lot of the hardware to do a lot of those services of taking scientific payloads to the surface of the moon,” says Forczyk. The hope is that people will follow — possibly by 2025, but more realistically, says Forczyk, by 2030. If you’re wondering why we’re going back to the moon since mankind has already walked its surface, the answer is that we explored only part of it.
“We know a lot more, but we also know so very little,” says Forczyk. “So we want to go back with people to learn more, but more importantly, we want to go back to live and work there.”
Some even see the moon as an eventual staging area for human exploration of deep space. Mars is seen as the next stepping-off point toward the final frontier — though whether we’ll get there in our lifetimes is another question.
28．What change has taken place in space travel nowadays?
A．The moon is the final frontier,
B．Those who pay for the rocket can enjoy the journey.
C．The federal government gives NASA more financial support.
D．Rockets are designed, built, and maintained by private companies.
29．Which of the following statements is true?
A．Mankind can live on Mars by 2030.
B．We have explored most part of the moon.
C．Space travel relies on modern civilization.
D．NASA cooperates with private companies on the missions.
30．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Who can go to space? B．What’s next in space travel?
C．What’s NASA’s future mission? D．Why do private companies want to go into space?
【参考答案】
28．B    29．D    30．B
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在航空领域的新变化，解释了私营公司进入航空领域的原因和意义以及太空探索的未来。
【详情解析】
28．【B】细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“Fifty years ago, astronauts traveled to space in rockets designed, built, and maintained by NASA and paid for by government funding. Today, the astronauts are often billionaires enjoying a journey into low orbit on a rocket they paid for from their billion-dollar bank accounts.(50年前，宇航员乘坐由美国国家航空航天局设计、制造和维护、由政府资助的火箭前往太空。今天，宇航员通常是亿万富翁，他们用十亿美元的银行账户支付火箭费用，享受着乘坐火箭进入低轨道的旅程)”可知，50年前，宇航员进入太空所需的费用是由政府来支付的。而现在，亿万富翁付钱，就可以乘坐火箭进入太空旅行。故选B项。
29．【D】细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“And 85 private companies learn more about putting rockets and satellites into space, they’re able to help the likes of NASA on their missions(85家私营公司了解到更多关于将火箭和卫星送入太空的信息，他们能够帮助NASA等机构执行任务)”和第五段的句子“NASA using commercial companies to build a lot of the hardware to do a lot of those services of taking scientific payloads to the surface of the moon(NASA利用商业公司来建造很多硬件来做很多服务把科学载荷带到月球表面)”可知，NASA和私营公司在执行任务时进行合作。故选D项。
30．【B】主旨大意题。文章先讲述了在航空领域的新变化，解释了私营公司进入航空领域的原因和意义，最后又说人类对太空的探索还远远没有结束。结合最后一段“Some even see the moon as an eventual staging area for human exploration of deep space. Mars is seen as the next stepping-off point toward the final frontier — though whether we’ll get there in our lifetimes is another question.(有些人甚至将月球视为人类探索深空的最终集结地。火星被视为通往终极边疆的下一个起点——尽管我们是否能在有生之年到达那里是另一个问题)”可知，B项“What’s next in space travel?(太空旅行的下一个目标是什么?)”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B项。
第三都分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下让短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Farmers around the world face serious challenges in growing food more effectively. Climate warming increases the risk of crop damage from insects, fungi (真菌), and bacteria. So to manage the threat, farms are turning to artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and computer vision to target pests more ____31____.
In 2019 the United Nations reported on the pest ____32____ causing crop losses of between 20 and 40 percent of global production each year. Damage from plant diseases, it said, costs the world economy an estimated $220 billion annually, and invasive insects around $70 billion.
Smart farming is one way to combat the problem, using AI and robotics to kill bugs and reduce reliance on pesticides while ____33____ skilled worker shortages and adapting to climate change. Technologies include soil and crop sensors, satellite and drone monitoring, plus computer vision and AI data analysis to reduce the number of affected plants and increase crop ____34____.
Insect monitoring services like the UK’s Spotta offer ____35____ real-time data on invasive species. The company uses internet-connected dry traps to catch red palm weevils (象鼻虫) that attack date palms, causing more than $1 billion of losses in the Middle East, Africa, and North America each year.
Traps alert plantation workers to trees infested (寄生) with weevils so they can eliminate them before they cause any real damage. And this targeted approach means less pesticide is used, ____36____ the impact on other species.
____37____, the Californian agriculture technology startup FarmSense uses visual sensors and machine learning algorithms (算法) trained to find and track insects in real-time. With non-native invasive insect species ____38____ to increase 36 percent worldwide by 2050, these technologies could give farmers a huge advantage in eco-friendly pest control and food growing.
Precision spot spraying linked to AI is another valuable add-on that aims to ____39____ pesticide and herbicide use. Spraying entire crops can harm insect pollinators (传花粉者) like bees and becomes part of agricultural run-off when it is washed out of soil. But targeting weeds or insects using cameras and directed sprays can vastly reduce ____40____ use.
In the Czech Republic, scientists at Mendel University in Brno have built a sample robot that patrols greenhouses and can identify the different ____41____ of insect growth. It then ____42____ just enough insecticide to kill individual pests, working 24 hours a day to keep things under control.
Companies like Root AI and 80 Acres Farms are banking on indoor growing and AI-controlled systems as the future of farming. In the case of 80 Acres, its pesticide-free indoor farms are ____43____ by AI every step of the way. Robots do a lot of the work and computer vision lets them know if crops need more nutrients or if pests are causing ____44____.
Their efforts are part of what analysts say will be a $2.6 billion AI-farming market by 2025. Reimagining how farming operates will be crucial says the World Bank – reducing its greenhouse gas emissions, soil erosion, and biodiversity loss. And technology will play its part in helping farmers improve their all-around crop ____45____.
31．A．effectively B．temporarily C．desperately D．enthusiastically
32．A．mystery B．burden C．control D．challenge
33．A．conducting B．strengthening C．employing D．addressing
34．A．fields B．diseases C．yields D．sensors
35．A．targeted B．enlarged C．analysed D．downloaded
36．A．increasing B．having C．reducing D．measuring
37．A．Generally B．Similarly C．Hopefully D．Unfortunately
38．A．forecast B．growth C．cultivation D．migration
39．A．make B．direct C．instruct D．minimize
40．A．valuable B．physical C．chemical D．scientific
41．A．stages B．types C．species D．options
42．A．submits B．applies C．reduces D．produces
43．A．constructed B．demonstrated C．monitored D．managed
44．A．threat B．treatment C．evolution D．damage
45．A．association B．cultivation C．measurement D．management
【参考答案】
31． A     32．B     33．D     34．C     35．A     36．C     37．B     38．A     39．D     40．C    
41．A     42．B    43．C     44．D    45．D
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界各地的农民在更有效地种植粮食方面面临严峻挑战，气候变暖增加了昆虫、真菌和细菌对作物造成损害的风险。为了应对威胁，农场正在转向人工智能、机器人技术和计算机视觉来更有效地清理害虫。
【详情解析】
31．【A】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，为了应对威胁，农场正在转向人工智能、机器人技术和计算机视觉来更有效地瞄准害虫。A.  effectively有效地；B.  temporarily暂时地；C. desperately绝望地；D. enthusiastically热情地。根据前文的“Climate warming increases the risk of crop damage from insects, fungi, and bacteria. （气候变暖增加了昆虫、真菌和细菌对作物造成损害的风险。）”和第一句中的“effectively（有效地）”可知，农场想要更加有效地应对害虫带来的威胁。故选A项。
32．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2019 年，联合国报告了每年造成全球产量 20% 至 40% 的作物损失的害虫负担。A. mystery神秘；B. burden负担；C. control控制；D.  challenge挑战。根据后文的“causing crop losses of between 20 and 40 percent of global production each year...costs the world economy an estimated $220 billion annually（每年造成全球产量的 20%至40% 的作物损失，每年给世界经济造成的损失估计为2200亿美元）”可知，害虫为农业生产带来了巨大的负担。故选B项。
33．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：智能农业是解决这一问题的一种方法，它使用人工智能和机器人技术来杀死虫子并减少对杀虫剂的依赖，同时解决技术工人短缺和适应气候变化的问题。A. conducting实施；B. strengthening增强；C. employing雇佣；D. addressing解决。根据前文的“combat the problem（解决问题）”可知，while后面表达的也是解决问题之意。故选D项。
34．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：技术包括了土壤和作物传感器、卫星和无人机监测，以及计算机视觉和人工智能数据分析，以减少受影响植物的数量并提高作物产量。 A. fields田地；B. diseases疾病；C. yields收益，产量；D. sensors感受器。根据第2题的分析可知，害虫导致作物产量降低，采取新技术手段是为了增加作物的产量。故选C项。
35．【A】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英国的 Spotta 等昆虫监测服务公司提供有针对性的入侵物种实时数据。 A. targeted有针对性的；B. enlarged扩大的；C. analysed分析的； D. downloaded下载的。根据下文的“this targeted approach means less pesticide is used（这种有针对性的方法意味着使用更少的农药）”可知，新方法能够有针对性地提供入侵物种的实时数据。故选A项。
36．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意： 而这种有针对性的方法意味着使用更少的农药，减少对其他物种的影响。A. increasing增加；B. having拥有；C. reducing减少；D.  measuring测量。根据前文的“less pesticide is used（使用更少的农药）”可知，其他物种受到的影响会减少。故选C项。
37．【B】考查副词词义辨析。句意：类似地，加利福尼亚农业技术初创公司 FarmSense 使用经过训练的视觉传感器和机器学习算法来实时发现和跟踪昆虫。 A. Generally大体上；B. Similarly类似地；C. Hopefully充满希望地；D. Unfortunately不幸地。根据第5题的分析和后文的“find and track insects in real-time（实时查找和跟踪昆虫）”可知，两家公司都是采用新技术来应对害虫带来的威胁。故选B项。
38．【A】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过预测，到 2050年全球非本地入侵昆虫物种将增加36%，这些技术可以为农民提供生态友好型害虫防治和粮食种植方面的巨大优势。A. forecast预测；B. growth生长；C. cultivation培养；D. migration移民。根据后文的“increase 36 percent worldwide by 2050（到2050年全球增长 36%）”可知，这是对非本地入侵昆虫物种的一种预测。故选A项。
39．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与人工智能相关的精确点喷是另一个有价值的附加功能，旨在最大限度地减少杀虫剂和除草剂的使用。 A. make制作；B. direct指导；C. instruct命令；D. minimize减少。根据后文的“vastly reduce... use（大大减少……的使用）”可知，此处应该填入reduce的同义词。故选D项。
40．【C】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是使用摄像头和定向喷雾瞄准杂草或昆虫可以大大减少化学品的使用。 A. valuable有价值的；B.  physical身体的；C. chemical化学的；D. scientific科学的。根据前文的“reduce pesticide and herbicide use（减少杀虫剂和除草剂的使用）”可知，杀虫剂和除草剂都是化学药品。故选C项。
41．【A】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在捷克共和国，布尔诺孟德尔大学的科学家们建造了一个样本机器人，它可以在温室中巡逻，并可以识别昆虫生长的不同阶段。A.  stages阶段；B. types种类；C.  species物种；D. options选择。根据后文的“insect growth（昆虫生长）”可知，这是一个过程，它自然分为不同的阶段。故选A项。
42．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，它使用足够的杀虫剂杀死个别害虫，每天 24 小时工作以控制昆虫的乘长。 A. submits提交；B. applies申请，使用，应用；C. reduces减少；D. produces生产。根据后文的“enough insecticide to kill individual pests（足够的杀虫剂杀死个别害虫）”可知，机器人使用杀虫剂杀死害虫。故选B项。
43．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意：以 80 英亩为例，其无农药室内农场的每一步都有 AI
监控。A. constructed建设；B. demonstrated示范；C. monitored监测；D. managed设法做成。根据前文的“Companies like Root AI and 80 Acres Farms are banking on indoor growing and AI-controlled systems as the future of farming. （Root AI 和 80 Acres Farms 等公司将室内种植和人工智能控制系统视为农业的未来。）”可知，这些公司使用人工智能技术来监控农业生产。故选C项。
44．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：机器人做了很多工作，计算机视觉让它们知道农作物是否需要更多的营养，或者害虫是否正在造成损害。 A. threat威胁； B. treatment对待；C. evolution演化；D. damage损害。根据第2题的分析可知，害虫带来的是损害。故选D项。
45．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：科技将发挥作用，帮助农民全面提高作物管理水平。A. association联系；B. cultivation培养；C. measurement测量；D. management经营，管理。根据前文的“reimagining how farming operates（重新构想农业的运作方式）”可知，这是与农场的经营管理有关的。故选D项。
第二节|(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics has left a deep ___46___ (impress)on people across the globe. At Beijing 2022, a total of 2,877 athletes from 91 countries and regions ___47___ (compete)for 109 gold medals. “Athletes competed ___48___ (brave)to exceed limits, setting a number of new world records and Olympic records. This is ___49___ vivid representation of the Olympic motto-Faster, Higher, Stronger , Together,” said Cai Qi, president of the Beijing organizing committee.
Beijing is the first city ___50___ (host)both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games. Besides the competitions, the unique charm of Beijing and the thoughtful services which the city offered to all participants ___51___ (value). As the first global multi-sport event held as scheduled during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Beijing Winter Games attached great importance ___52___ the health and safety of all participants. “Our COVID-19 policy has been ___53___ (effect), setting a successful example for other major international events held during the pandemic,” Cai said.
The Beijing Games ___54___ theme is Together for a shared future have also left the city with rich legacies(遗产), ____55____ (include)engaging 346 million people in ice and snow sports as well as hosting the Games in a more sustainable way.
【参考答案】
46． impression     47．competed    48．bravely    49．a    50．to host/to have hosted    
51．were valued/are valued   52．to      53．effective   54．whose    55．including
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 2022 年北京冬奥会的成功举办——运动员在奥运会各项比赛中突破极限，刷新纪录，充分体现了奥运会的精神。其次北京作为在疫情期间成功举办奥运会的典范，为其他国际赛事树立了榜样。
【详情解析】
46．【impression】考查名词。句意：北京2022年冬奥会给世界人民留下了深刻的印象。设空处在句中作宾语，需填名词形式，根据提示词可知，此处应填impression，leave a deep impression on sb为固定短语，表示“给……留下深刻印象”。故填impression。
47．【competed】考查时态。句意：在北京2022年奥运会上，来自91个国家和地区的2877名运动员争夺了109枚金牌。设空处在句中作谓语，需填动词；主语为athletes，与动词compete为主动关系，根据At Beijing 2022可知为一般过去时。故填competed。
48．【bravely】考查副词。句意：运动员们勇敢地超越极限，创造了许多新的世界纪录和奥运会纪录。设空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词competed，应用副词形式。故填bravely。
49．【a】考查冠词。句意：这是“更快、更高、更强、更团结”的奥林匹克精神的生动体现。设空处在句中限定后面的名词representation，此处泛指“一种生动体现”，应用不定冠词，设空处位于辅音音素开头的单词vivid前，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
50．【to host或to have hosted】考查非谓语动词。句意：北京是第一个举办过夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会的城市。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，设空处只能填非谓语动词形式，其逻辑主语为the first city，与host之间为主动关系，此处作后置定语，修饰the first city，应用to do不定式；结合句意可知，此处是在陈述客观事实，可直接用to host；结合文章背景及上下文时态可知，此时冬奥会已经结束了，也可用to do不定式的完成式to have hosted。故填to host或to have hosted。
51．【are valued或were valued】考查谓语动词。句意：除了比赛之外，北京的独特魅力和北京为所有参赛者提供的周到服务也受到了重视。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，应用动词形式；其主语为the unique charm and the thoughtful services，与动词value之间为被动关系，故此处用被动语态；结合句意可知，此处是在陈述客观事实，可用一般现在时，主语为复数形式，故谓语也需用复数形式，故用are valued；若基于文章背景和上下文时态，此时冬奥会已结束，此处也可用一般过去时的被动语态。故填are valued或were valued。
52．【to】考查固定搭配。句意：作为新冠肺炎疫情期间如期举办的首个全球性综合体育赛事，北京冬奥会高度重视所有参赛人员的健康和安全。attach great importance to sth.为固定搭配，表示“认为……有重要性；重视”。故填to。
53．【effective】考查形容词。句意：我们的新冠肺炎政策卓有成效，为疫情期间举办的其他重大国际活动树立了成功典范。设空处在句中作表语，结合句意及提示词可知，此处应填形容词effective，表示“有效的”，故填effective。
54．【whose】考查定语从句。句意：以“一起向未来”为主题的北京奥运会也为这座城市留下了丰富的遗产，包括吸引3.46亿人参与冰雪运动，以及以更可持续的方式举办奥运会。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，修饰前面的名词The Beijing Games，从句中不缺主干成分，但结合句意可知，此处指“北京冬奥会的主题”，设空处在句中作定语修饰后面的名词theme，应用whose引导。故填whose。
55．【including】考查非谓语动词。句意：以“一起向未来”为主题的北京奥运会也为这座城市留下了丰富的遗产，包括吸引3.46亿人参与冰雪运动，以及以更可持续的方式举办奥运会。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词have left，故设空处只能用非谓语动词形式，其逻辑主语为the Beijing games，与include之间为主动关系，此处应填including。故填including。
第四部分写作（满分25分)
你的英国朋友Jim得知你12月份就要进行英语听说考试了，来信询问你的准备情况，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括
1. 你现在面临的困难和挑战
2. 你的学习计划和决心
词数：100词左右；开头结尾已经给出，不计入总词数
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
【参考答案】
Dear Jim,
Thank you for your concern. I’m going to have my English listening and speaking exam in December, and I’m a little nervous about it.
My difficulty in listening is that although I can understand the dialogue in the audio of the test, I am faced with some cultural differences in the questions, which makes it difficult for me to choose the correct answer. I also can’t express my opinion freely in English and often feel that I have nothing to say on a certain topics.
Although there are difficulties, I don’t intend to give up. I plan to watch more American programs to learn more about American culture and practice listening. In my spare time, I plan to communicate more with the American exchange students in school and accumulate materials that may be used in the exam by reading more newspapers and magazines.
I firmly believe that I can pass the exam with my unremitting efforts.
Yours
Li Hua
【语篇解读】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Jim写封邮件，介绍针对12月份就要进行的英语听说考试，你现在面临的困难和挑战以及你的学习计划和决心。
【详情解析】
1.词汇积累
困难：difficulty→trouble
困难的：difficult→hard
表达：express→convey
不懈的：unremitting→untiring
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m going to have my English listening and speaking exam in December, and I’m a little nervous about it.
拓展句：I’m going to have my English listening and speaking exam in December, about which I’m a little nervous.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] My difficulty in listening is that although I can understand the dialogue in the audio of the test, I am faced with some cultural differences in the questions, which makes it difficult for me to choose the correct answer. (运用了that引导的表语从句，although引导的让步状语从句，which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] In my spare time, I plan to communicate more with the American exchange students in school and accumulate materials that may be used in the exam by reading more newspapers and magazines. (运用了that引导的定语从句)