专题17.话题通关四（自然环保）（词汇 阅读 写作） ——2023年高中英语学业水平考试专项精讲+测试（通用版）

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自然环保模块1词汇过关（阅读词汇，写作词汇，佳句背默）模块2话题阅读过关模块3话题写作过关 一【阅读词汇】
1.forecast n．& v．预报2.strait n.  海峡3.jungle n.  丛林；密林4.foggy adj.  多雾的5.breeze n.  微风6.horizon n.  地平线；[pl.]  眼界；视野7.mild adj.  温和的8.warmth n.  温暖9.numerous adj.  许多的10.habitat n.  栖息地11.flow vi.流，流动；流畅地进行n.流动；连贯12.clap vi.& vt.  鼓掌，拍手13.administration n.  管理；管理部门；施行；(美国)政府14.conservation n.  (对自然环境的)保护15.fuel n.  燃料vt.& vi.  提供燃料；加油16.businessman n.  (尤指上层)商界人员；企业家17.raw adj.  原始的，未经加工或处理的18.plant n.  工厂；发电厂19.customs n.  海关；关税20.vehicle n.  交通工具，车辆21.extinct adj.灭绝的extinction n.  灭绝22.phenomenon n.  现象23.conservation n.  保护；保存24.enormous/massive adj.  巨大的25.catastrophe n.  大灾难26.poverty n.  贫穷27.emission n.  排放28.exposure n.  暴露；显露29.complicated/complex adj.  复杂的30.postpone vt.&vi.  推迟；延期
二【写作词汇】
1.surroundings n.  环境2.changeable adj.  无常的；可改变的；易变的3.freezing adj.  严寒的；冰冻的4.desert n.  沙漠v. 舍弃；遗弃5.rural adj.  农村的6.cover vt.&vi.  包含；覆盖；占(面积)；报道7.population n.  人口8.naturally adv.  自然地9.climate n.  气候10.species n.  物种(单复数同形)11.eco－friendly/environment－friendly adj. 环保的12.garbage/rubbish/litter n.  垃圾waste vt.&vi.  浪费；滥用n.  废物13.preserve vt.  保护；保留；保存14.recycle v.  循环利用15.urgent adj.  紧迫的；紧要的16.smelly adj.  有臭味的；发出臭味的17.advocate v.  提倡；拥护；支持18.atmosphere n.  大气；氛围19.severe adj.  严重的severely adv.  严重地20.disturb vt.&vi.  打扰；使焦虑disturbing adj.  令人不安的
三．短语记忆
1.die out  灭绝2.natural enemy   天敌3.on the increase/decrease  正在增加/减少4.to one’s relief  令人欣慰的是5.raise the public awareness of protecting the wildlife提高大众对野生动物的保护意识6.take measures to protect the endangered animals 采取措施保护濒临灭绝的动物7.live in harmony with animals 与动物和谐相处8.enjoy a more harmonious environment享受更加和谐的环境9.account for  解释……的原因10.be located/situated in   坐落在11.cover an area of  面积有……12.be rich/wealth/abundant in   盛产……13.take on a new look  呈现新面貌14.burning hot  酷热的15.weather forecast  天气预报16.clear up  天气放晴17.cloudy then rainy  阴转雨18.a heavy rain/snow/wind  一场大雨/大雪/大风19.mostly clear  大部分晴朗20.mountain climate   山地气候
四．佳句默写1．(续写佳句)It  murmured in a soft voice  like a little innocent girl whispering to her loving mother.似乎它在温柔低语，就像一位天真少女对着她那慈爱的母亲细细私语。2．Its total land area is 16，808 square kilometers, among which the mountain areas account for 52%.它的总陆地面积为16 808平方公里，其中山区占52%。3．A majority of people hold the belief that climate change is the pressing threat for mankind.大多数人认为气候变化是人类面临的紧迫威胁。4．As time went by，the night began to fall and the stars appeared in the sky, twinkling their eyes at us with sympathy.随着时间的流逝，夜幕开始降临，星星出现在天空中，向我们眨着同情的眼睛。5．With the number of cars increasing fast in our city，our environment is getting from bad to worse.在我们的城市，随着轿车数量的快速增长， 我们的环境正急剧恶化。6．It is high time that we human beings took/should take proper measures to keep the balance of nature.该是我们人类采取适当的措施来维护生态平衡的时候了。7．Some people，who have the belief that tourism serves as an engine of economic growth，seem to ignore its negative effects on the environment.一些人把旅游业当成经济发展的动力，却似乎忽视了其对环境的负面影响。话题精练阅读理解一Plastic is piling up in ecosystems all over the world.Although its harmful impacts on both species and ecosystems have been documented, a few animals—like bowerbirds and hermit crabs—are doing what they can to recycle it.And according to a recent study, wild bees in Canada have joined the effort, which is a rare observation of behavioral flexibility in species, especially insects, in increasingly plastic-rich environments.The researchers found two species of leafcutter bees putting plastic into their nests.One of the bees they studied, the alfalfa leafcutter bee, normally bites off pieces of leaves and flowers while a second bee gathers sticky substances from  trees.Leafcutter bees don’t build big nests or store honey like honeybees, choosing instead small nests in underground holes，tree holes or cracks (裂缝) in buildings.But the researchers found that three of eight brood cells (育雏巢室) contained pieces of plastic bags, replacing 23 percent of the cut leaves in each cell on average.While they don’t make honey, alfalfa leafcutter bees still make money for U.S.and Canadian farmers by pollinating (给……传授花粉) crops including alfalfa, carrots and melons.The European insects were introduced to North America in the 1930s for that purpose, and they’ve since become wild, joining the continent’s many native species of leafcutter bees.In a separate study conducted in Argentina between 2017 and 2018, researchers found a bee nest made entirely of plastic，which consists of three separate cells.It’s the first known example of such construction worldwide.Compared to the other nests the researchers examined, which were made of natural materials, this one had a pretty lower success rate of the bees’ survival.One of the cells had a dead baby bee, another seemed to have housed an adult that has left the nest, and the third was unfinished.1.What does the animals’ use of plastic show according to the study?A.How widely plastic is used.B.How strange the behavior of wildlife is.C.How some wildlife is adapting to plastic.D.How plastic pollution has harmed them.2.What do leaves mean to alfalfa leafcutter bees?A.Food.B.Shelter.C.A plastic substitute.D.Traditional nest materials.3.Which is one characteristic of leafcutter bees?A.They have great economic value.B.They store honey like honeybees.C.They prefer to live in tree holes.D.They have evolved into a new species.4.How did the researchers find the nest made entirely of plastic?A.It might be warmer.B.It might be unhealthy.C.It might be easy to finish.D.It might be recyclable.二With bushfires continuing to swallow  different parts of Australia，a local zoo in New South Wales, the state which is the easiest to catch fire has hit the headlines with a heartwarming story.Right within the range of a bushfire, the keepers of Mogo Wildlife Park managed to protect all 200 animals from harm after they received evacuation (撤离) orders according to reports.Netizens were quick to react on social media and praised the bravery of the zoo keepers, as they stayed and managed to protect animals from uncontrolled fires and even sheltered some at their own house.The 40-year-old zoo keeper, Chad Staples, described the situation as the worst catastrophe, which felt like Armageddon (大决战)here.Luckily, his team had made a precise plan ahead of time including moving everything flammable (易燃的) from the area and the larger animals to safe places.What’s remarkable is that as the smaller ones needed extra shelter，Staples decided to take them to his own house.“Right now in my house there are animals of all descriptions in all the different rooms.They are safe and protected...not a single animal is lost，” he said.BBC news also mentioned that “there’s a tiger to the back of the house”.Some media outlets highlighted the“heroic job” in their headlines.Online users also reacted with thumbs-up and were glad to see all the staff and animals coming through the horrific fire.Located in the southern coast of New South Wales, Mogo Wildlife Park houses Australia’s largest collection of primates，and many different and unique animals such as zebras, giraffes，rhinos and red pandas.1.New South Wales hits the headlines because of ________.A.its famous zooB.its endangered animalsC.the heartwarming eventD.being easy to catch fire2.Which of the following is true about Mogo Wildlife Park?A.It belongs to Chad Staples.B.None of the animals is missing.C.It merely holds rare animal species.D.Extra shelters were built for emergencies.3.Which word can probably describe Chad Staples?A.Irresponsible.  B.Considerate.C.Selfish.  D.Energetic.4.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.The Heroic Job.B.The Horrific Fire.C.The Extinct Animals.D.The Brave Zoo Keepers.三More than 11，000 scientists are warning that the Earth, in their words，“clearly and unequivocally (明确地)  faces a climate emergency”.The scientists represent several fields of study and come from 150 countries around the world.They approved a report that appeared in the publication BioScience earlier this month.It warns that the world would face “untold human suffering” if it does not make deep and lasting shifts in human activities that influence climate change.Three leaders of the study are from the United States.They worked on the study with scientists from universities in South Africa and Australia.This is the first time a large group of scientists have jointly (共同地) used the word “emergency” when talking about climate change.“Despite 40 years of global climate negotiations...we have generally conducted business as usual and have largely failed to address this worrying situation，”  the study said.“Climate change has arrived and is accelerating faster than many scientists expected.”The report identified five areas that the world needs to deal with immediately.The scientists appealed to nations to use energy more efficiently and cut their use of fossil fuels.They suggested that lawmakers approve taxes on the burning of carbon-based fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas.The report urges people to move toward more of a plant-based diet.Other areas of concern include preventing the destruction of forests and permanent loss of some plant and animal species.The report noted that it will most likely take strong action by the public to move politicians to approve lasting policy changes.The scientists added, “We believe that the prospects (前景) will be greatest if decision-makers and all of humanity quickly respond to this warning and declaration of a climate emergency, and act to support life on the planet Earth, our only home.”1.What will happen to people if they don’t stop the activities that influence the climate change?A.They will have no places to live in.B.They will be fined and lose their jobs.C.They will become bored with their life.D.They will go through a lot of sufferings.2.What have people done when facing the climate change in the past 40 years?A.They have ignored the scientists’ warning.B.They have solved the problem successfully.C.They have talked too much but done too little.D.They have realized the problem isn’t that serious.3.In which paragraph can we find the advice from the scientists about ways to control the climate change?A.Paragraph 1.  B.Paragraph 2.C.Paragraph 3.  D.Paragraph 4.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Scientists’ Hard Work of Saving the EarthB.The Important Reasons for Climate ChangeC.The Impact of Human Activities on ClimateD.Scientists’ Warning of a Climate Emergency四The ocean covers over 70 percent of the surface of Earth today, but over 3 billion years ago the entire planet may have been covered in water.To investigate what our planet was like billions of years ago, a team of researchers turned to indirect methods of analysis at a geological site in the Australian Outback known as Panorama (全景画) in the Pilbara Craton.Today, the region is 100 kilometers inland, but 3.2 billion years ago, it was deep underwater.In fact, there were also once ancient hydrothermal vents (热水口) there where seawater bubbled up through the ocean floor.“There are no samples of really ancient ocean water lying around, but we do have rocks that interacted__with that seawater and remembered  that  interaction，”  lead  author  Benjamin Johnson, an assistant professor at Iowa State University, said in a statement.The researchers collected over 100 of these rock samples and found something peculiar in them: a slightly higher amount of a particular isotope (同位素) of oxygen.The vast majority of oxygen on Earth is Oxygen-16 and contains eight protons (质子) and eight neutrons.However, about  0.20  percent is Oxygen-18.Samples from Australia show the region’s ancient water contained more Oxygen-18 than present times.Since continents are covered in clay-rich soil that is efficient at trapping Oxygen-18, the team suggests that without continents covered in soil, more Oxygen-18 would have been present in the ocean.Their discovery indeed suggests there wasn’t much dry land available 3.24 billion years ago.“There’s nothing in what we’ve done that says you can’t have tiny, micro-continents sticking out of the oceans，” added co-author Boswell Wing.“We just don’t think there were global-scale formations of continental soils like we have today.”The researchers don’t know when and how continents began to emerge out of the ocean but they plan to investigate “younger”rock formations to piece together a more precise timeline.1.Where is the research site?A.In a region deep underwater.B.In a region off Australia.C.In a region inland Australia.D.In a region outside the Pilbara Craton.2.What do the underlined words “interacted with” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Had an effect on each other.B.Had a one-way effect.C.Had a mysterious effect.D.Had a negative effect.3.What’s the researchers’ conclusion after analyzing samples from Australia?A.Modern earth must have been a water world.B.Modern earth must have been a continental world.C.Ancient earth may have been a water world.D.Ancient earth may have been a continental world.4.What’s the researchers’ next focus of the study?A.To research continental soils’ formations.B.To research the ocean’s formations.C.To research “older” rock formations.D.To research “younger” rock formations.五The Tokyo Summer Olympics is going green.The 5，000 medals Japan has made are more special than most.One novel focus of the Tokyo Olympics is to be “sustainable”—to avoid using too many natural resources, so that the games are easy on the environment.As part of this goal, the organizers decided to make all of the Olympic medals out of metal recycled from old electronics.Almost all electronics are made with small amounts of “precious metals”， like gold and silver.But collecting enough of these metals to make 5，000 medals was a huge challenge.That’s because the amount of metal in each device is tiny.It would take about 20，000 cell phones to get just 1 kilogram of gold.Beginning in April 2017, the organizers placed collection boxes around the country, and asked people to turn in their old electronic devices.Soon people  began to  respond to the initiative, turning in smartphones, digital cameras, handheld games, and laptops.At first, collection went slowly, but soon more and more areas began to take part.By the end，1，621 local governments had helped out with the collection process.Then came the job of breaking those devices down into smaller pieces.After being taken apart and sorted, the small electronics were smelted (熔炼) to get all the gold, silver, and bronze elements.This is a tricky job, which calls for careful attention and good skill.It’s also dangerous, because some of the metals and other things aren’t safe for people to touch or breathe.By the end of March, 2019, the organizers had hit their targets of getting enough metal for the medals.They had collected around 32 kilograms of gold, 4，100 kilograms of silver and 2，200 kilograms of bronze.And now all the 5，000 medals are available for the would-be winners.1.What can we know about the Tokyo Olympics medals?A.They are hugely valuable.B.They are of high quality.C.They are designed uniquely.D.They are made from e-waste.2.What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?A.The difficulty of making the medals.B.The process of collecting old electronics.C.The initiative to recycle used smartphones.D.The classification of the collected devices.3.The underlined word  “tricky”  in Paragraph 5 means “________”.A.creative  B.well-paidC.demanding  D.time-consuming4.What’s the purpose of Tokyo’s way of making the medals?A.To advocate sustainable use of resources.B.To promote the spirit of Olympic Games.C.To introduce a new technique to make medals.D.To call people’s attention to environmental damage.七选五一Life in Death ValleyDeath Valley is a huge place, extending more than 225 kilometers across the southern part of California into the neighboring state of Nevada.As beautiful as this place is, its name provides evidence of very real danger.__1__ It has nearly 1.4 million hectares of desert and mountains that reach more than 3，000 meters into the sky.Death Valley can be dangerously cold during the winter months.Storms in the mountains can cause sudden floods on the floor of the valley.But, during summer months, the air temperature has been as high as 57 degrees Celsius.__2__ The extreme heat of Death Valley has once killed people.In many areas of Death Valley, it is easy to see where the ground has been pushed up violently by movement deep in the Earth.This has created unusual and beautiful rock formations，with colors of red, brown, gray, yellow and black.In other parts of Death Valley, there are lines in the rock.The lines are evidence of the past presence of water.__3__Much of Death Valley is flat and extremely dry.In some areas the ground is nothing but salt.However, it would be wrong to think that nothing lives in Death Valley.__4__Wildflowers grow very quickly after even a small amount of rain.Several kinds of birds live in Death Valley.Visitors might see the dog-like animal called the coyote, or wild bighorn sheep, or other animals like the desert tortoise.Throughout history, Native Americans found ways to survive in Death Valley.Rock art and other remains show that humans lived in the valley as far back as 9，000 years ago.Nowadays, more than one million people visit it each year.__5__ The sun slowly turns the valley a gold color that deepens to a soft brown, then changes to a dark red.As night comes, the mountains turn a dark purple color, then black.A.The valley is full of life.B.The setting sun is visitors’ favorite.C.Images here seem to change each minute.D.Death Valley is a place of strange and silent beauty.E.Death Valley doesn’t forgive those who are not careful.F.Death Valley is a land of beautiful yet dangerous extremes.G.The area was deep under an ocean for many thousands of years. 写作假定你是李华，你校交换生David有意加入学校阳光志愿者组织(Sunshine Volunteer Club)，向你咨询相关情况，请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：1.表示支持；2.主要志愿活动；3.申请方式。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear David，       Yours，Li Hua二假定你是李华，你校成立了一个保护濒危动物的志愿者小组。请你给即将来你校就读的交换生Tom写一封信，邀请他参加。内容包括：1．成立志愿者小组的目的；2.参加者情况介绍；3.活动时间及内容。Dear Tom，       Yours，Li Hua三假如你是校报英语栏目的一名小记者。你校举办了一场关于地震自救的讲座(lecture)。请你用英语为校报写一篇新闻报道。内容包括：1．时间及地点；2.讲座内容及主讲人；3.参加者；4.收获感想。