专题5.重点单词变形，词组，句型归纳及精练(必修第三册） ——2023年高中英语学业水平考试专项精讲+测试（译林版2020）

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重点单词变形，词组，句型归纳及精练(必修第三册）

Unit1 Nature in the Balance
一．必过单词变形
1．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
2．region n．地区，区域；行政区→regional adj.地区的
3．length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→long adj.长的
4．variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→vary v．变化→various adj.多种多样的
5．living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n．生计，谋生；生活方式→live v．活着→lively adj.活泼的
6．survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→survival n．幸存
7．disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n．消失→appear vi.出现
8．agriculture n．农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的
9．extinction n．灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的
10．global adj.全球的；全面的→globe n．球体
11．application n．应用，运用；申请→apply v．申请；应用
12．organization n．组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→organize vt.组织→organizer n．组织者
13．absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→absolute adj.绝对的；完全的
14．entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→entire adj.完全的
15．profit n．利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处→profitable adj.有利润的，盈利的
16．defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt.保护
17．economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economy n．经济
18．poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n．毒物，毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的
19．chemical n．化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的→chemistry n．化学
20．consequence n．结果，后果；重要性→consequent adj.随之而来的→consequently adv.结果
21．further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进→far adj.&adv.远的→furthest/farthest adj.& adv.最远的/地→farther adj.& adv.更远的/地
练一练
单句语法填空
1. People's voting habits are influenced by political, social, and __________ (economy) factors.
2. The programme makers disagree that seeing violence on television has a __________ (harm) effect on children.
3. It's __________ (absolute) impossible to work with all this noise.
4. It is intended that these guidelines should __________ (apply) flexibly and pragmatically.
5. The article was about the different __________ (vary) of Spanish spoken in South America.
6. Whenever anyone criticizes her husband, she immediately jumps to his __________ (defend)．
7. That's without cutting the __________ (long) of students' vacations, increasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.
8. In her first book she explained the role of vegetable fibers, vitamins, minerals, and other essential __________ (nutrient)．
9. The __________ (disappear) of the ship, on a routine mission in 1925, has never been explained.
10. She understood the __________ (consequence) of her actions and was prepared to take them.
11. The world's supply of __________ (agriculture) land is shrinking fast.
12. Students join a team through their schools, which provide a volunteer coach and pay a nominal fee to send students to __________ (region) and state competitions.
13. Luckily, they got slightly injured and __________ (survive) the crash.
14. It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness gives rise to more __________ (profit) than exploiting the natural environment.
15. Even today, says the legend, the girls can be seen above the __________ (tower) rock as seven shining stars in the night sky.
16. Both the cars involved in the accident were badly __________ (damage)．
17. For many years I have studied __________ (globe) agriculture, population, environmental and economic trends and their interactions.
18. The researchers asked fifth graders and college students to create a recovery plan to protect bald eagles from __________ (extinct)．
19. I have always enjoyed all the events you __________ (organize) and I hope to attend many more in the coming years.
20. It was mainly my fault, but she wasn't __________ (entire) blameless.
【答案】1. economic　2. harmful　3. absolutely　4. be applied　5. varieties　6. defence/defense　7. length　8. nutrients　9. disappearance　10. consequences　11. agricultural　12. regional 13. survived　14. profits　15. towering　16. damaged　17. global　18. extinction　19. organized　20. entirely

二．必过重点短语

1．in turn 相应地，转而
2．break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成)
3．breathe life into给……带来起色，注入活力
4．due to由于，因为
5．build up逐渐增加，扩大
6．cut down砍倒
7．at least 至少
8．in danger of处于……的危险中
9．come up with 想出，想到
10．call for (公开)要求；需要
11．spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
12．get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
13．give rise to 使发生(或存在)
14．leave out 漏掉
15．take part in 参加
16．divide...into... 把……分成……
17．sign up 报名
18．in defence of 为了保护……
19．point out 指出
20．be concerned about 担心……
21．search for 寻找……
22．hand in hand 手拉手

练一练
短语填空
breathe life into, build up, due to, come up with, in turn, break down, get rid of, call for, spring to mind, give rise to
1. The printing machines are always __________．
2. Integrity and honesty are words that __________ when talking of the man.
3. Gavin __________ the idea of dividing the rooms in half.
4. He had messed up enough of these occasions to __________ some anxieties.
5. If you don't express your feelings, frustration and anger can __________．
6. There has been very little response to our __________ help.
7. We need some new people to __________ this project.
8. Mistakes __________ carelessness may have serious consequences.
9. We need to __________ the idea that we must be liked all the time in order to be worthwhile.
10. This, __________， is having an impact on the structure and timing of sporting competitions.
【答案】1. breaking down　2. spring to mind　3. came up with 4. give rise to　5. build up　6. call for　7. breathe life into　8. due to　9. get rid of　10. in turn
三.必过经典句式
1．“介词＋which” 引导定语从句
The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is about 6,400 kilometres in length...
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6 400千米……
2．过去分词(短语)作定语
Of the 390,000 plant species known to man，more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon.
在人类知道的三十九万植物物种中，超过四万种可以在亚马孙雨林中找到。
3．倒装结构
Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.
在那上面，在黑暗的森林地面上是大量的落叶。
4．同位语
Each level of the forest forms its own little world，home to different kinds of living things.
雨林的每一层都形成了自己的小世界，成为各种生物的家园。
5．What if...？如果……怎么办？
What if nobody goes?
如果没人去怎么办？
6．so＋倒装句
As the human population continues to grow，so does the effect we have on animals.
随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。
7．倒装句
Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith，a local resident；Vincent Brown，senior manager of a local factory；and Julie Archer，chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee.
今晚在演播室的是詹姆斯·史密斯，一个当地居民；文森特·布朗，当地工厂的高级经理；朱莉·阿切尔，诺盖特环保委员会的领导。
8．even though引导让步状语从句
We’ve been taking various measures，including the use of new technologies，to reduce pollution in the production process，even though these measures raise our production costs.
我们一直在采取各种措施，包括使用新技术、减少生产过程的污染，即使这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。
9．with复合结构
With pollution levels on the rise，the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.
随着污染程度的提高，诺盖特环保委员会正在寻求方法来战胜这个麻烦。
四.课文语法填空
As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon rainforest, plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem. 1.__________ (cross) into eight countries and covering an area of around 6 million square kilometres on the South American continent, the Amazon rainforest, 2.__________ name is got from the Amazon River which supports many different ecosystems. These ecosystems give the area the 3.__________ (rich) biodiversity on the Earth. There are more than 40，000 plant 4.__________ (specie) in the Amazon rainforest. Different wildlife exists in different levels of the forest and each level of the forest forms 5.__________ (it) own little world, supporting an unbelievable 6.__________ (various) of living things. At the same time, quantities of plants and animals help to form 7.__________ forest's food chain. For example, as one element of the food chain, jaguars feed on at least 87 species and in turn a tiny army of microorganisms will break 8.__________ jaguars' bodies after their death, thus returning the nutrients to the earth. Though known as the “lungs of the planet”， 9.__________ (fortunate), over the past 50 years, much of the Amazon rainforest 10.__________ (disappear) and more species are in danger of extinction due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. We cannot afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”．
【答案】1. Crossing　2. whose　3. richest　4. species　5. its 6. variety　7. the/this　8. down　9. unfortunately　10. has disappeared
Unit2Natural Disasters
一．必过单词变形
1．injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害→injury n．伤害→injured adj.受伤的
2．reaction n．反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应→react vi.反应
3．orderly adj.守秩序的；有条理的，整齐的→order n．顺序
4．relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→relieve vt.减轻
5．destructive adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的， 破坏(或毁灭性)的→destruct v．破坏→destruction n．破坏
6．inform vt.通知；了解，熟悉→information n．信息
7．shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊；使气愤→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊的
8．scare vt.&vi.惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓→scared adj.害怕的→scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的
9．power n．电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量→powerful adj.强大的
10．donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→donation n．捐赠
11．curious adj.好奇的；奇特的→curiosity n．好奇心→curiously adv.好奇地
12．erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption n．爆发
13．import n．进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt.进口，引进→export n．出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt.出口；输出
14．unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的→bearable adj.可以忍受的→bear vt.忍受
15．distance n．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→distant adj.遥远的
16．sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的→sharply adv.急剧地；锋利地→sharpen vt.使锋利
练一练
单句语法填空
1. He would never forget the __________ (shock) look on her face when she first saw it.
2. In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward is the news of crime and corruption, accidents and __________ (disaster), sports, social events, and human interests.
3. Pompeii is famed for its burial by an __________ (erupt) of Italy's Mount Vesuvius in A．D. 79.
4. She has been slaving over a hot stove for three hours in such __________ (bear) summer.
5. At that moment Mrs. Jones's __________ (power) voice interrupted them, announcing a visitor.
6. I can find out whether my __________ (react) to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.
7. Mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable __________ (distant) from humans.
8. Her announcement __________ (confirm) that she would be resigning as CEO.
9. A wealthy benefactor came to their rescue with a generous __________ (donate)．
10. Jack was working in the lab when the power cut __________ (occur).
11. It was such a __________ (relieve) to hear that Marta was found safe and well.
12. The passengers were asked to leave the plane in an __________ (order) fashion.
13. As dark fell, __________ (rescue) were still searching for missing climbers.
14. Severe damage witnessed the __________ (destroy) force of the storm.
15. For all your __________ (inform), you don't have to go to the library to find the relevant resource and take notes on it.
16. I'm taking a course that should help me __________ (sharp) my computer skills.
17. Just out of __________ (curious), I decided to go through the files.
18. He has kept up with a number of his old workmates since his __________ (retire)．
19. Jenny, you have __________ (responsible) for collecting up the books after the class.
20. She devoted all her time to the __________ (locate) of the missing money.
【答案】1. shocked　2. disasters　3. eruption　4. unbearable5. powerful　6. reactions　7. distance　8. confirmed　9. donation　10. occurred　11. relief　12. orderly　13. rescuers 14. destructive　15. information　16. (to) sharpen　17. curiosity　18. retirement　19. responsibility　20. location

二．必过重点短语

1．at large 整个，全部
2．safe and sound安然无恙的
3．occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中
4．keep one’s head(在困境中)保持冷静
5．hold on to紧紧抓住
6．at the same time同时
7．to one’s relief让某人宽慰的是
8．blow away吹走
9．inform sb.of...通知某人……
10．in the face of面临……
11．run out of 用完；耗尽
12．take the form of呈现……的形状；采取……的形式
13．break out突然开始；爆发
14．far and wide到处，各处
15．in detail详细地
16．flood in涌入
17．along with和……一起
18．in all directions朝着四面八方
19．above all最重要的是
20．in the distance在远处

练一练
短语填空
at large, break out, to one's relief, be separated from, take the form of, inform…of…， run out of, protect…from…， occur to, safe and sound
1. This special kind of art can __________ paintings, sculptures, cloth or even stickers.
2. What can women do to __________ themselves __________ heart disease?
3. I __________ my mother __________ my safe arrival.
4. He was 29 when the war __________.
5. By no means can theory __________ practice.
6. He had almost __________ fuel and was forced to break into a filling station.
7. __________， all my efforts paid off and I finally overcome it.
8. One of the things we're trying to do here is to facilitate dinners for the students __________， undergraduates and graduate students.
9. Not once did it __________ Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
10. We were relieved that all children arrived home __________.
【答案】1. take the form of　2. protect; from　3. informed; of4. broke out　5. be separated from　6. run out of　7. To my relief　8. at large　9. occur to　10. safe and sound

三.必过经典句式
1．be doing...when...正在做……，这时……
Alice Brown，head teacher at Falmont Primary School，was teaching when the floor began to shake.
地板开始摇晃时，艾丽斯·布朗，弗尔蒙特小学的班主任，正在上课。
2．in case万一；以防
At the same time，Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door，in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open.
同时，布朗老师迅速打开教室门，以防门在摇晃期间被破坏，打不开了。
3．the moment引导时间状语从句
The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.
摇晃刚一停止，布朗老师就觉察到这是全班学生逃离的最佳时刻。
4．现在分词作伴随状语
After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other.
点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊， 互相拥抱着。
5．as引导定语从句
As you can imagine，it was a bit of a shock.
正如你能想象的，有点令人震惊。
6．while引导时间状语从句
Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio，while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag.
爸爸在听收音机里的天气预报，而妈妈正在把重要的文件和灾难必需品放入一个包里。
7．不定式作表语，表示将来发生的动作；might have done sth.或许做了某事
Its ashy rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come!
火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！
8．完全倒装句
So came the earthquake...and so ended life in Pompeii.
然后地震来了……庞贝城的生命结束了。
9．as if好像
Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday；not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors.
它的墙好像昨天刚刚粉刷过；富丽堂皇的地板上没有一点颜色变化。
四.课文语法填空
On 17 March, a terrible earthquake hit the country at Falmont Primary School. 7 were killed and over 200 were 1.__________ (injure) in the disaster area at large, 2.__________ only 5 students suffering slight injuries. How did the miracle come out? Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School said they practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year, 3.__________ the kids were calm enough to protect 4.__________ (they) during the earthquake.
On 20 December, a tsunami 5.__________ (race) across near Goldshore, 6.__________ (leave) thousands dead. Goldshore Beach was the only local beach 7.__________ (survive) the disaster without any 8.__________ (lose) of life. Sabrina, a 10­year­old girl, rescued people's lives with her basic knowledge of tsunamis. In a word, only when we have 9.__________ good knowledge of nature can we keep us safe and sound in the face of a 10.__________ (destroy) disaster.
【答案】1. injured　2. with　3. so　4. themselves　5. raced 6. leaving　7. to survive　8. loss　9. a　10. destructive

Unit3 The world Online
一．必过单词变形
1．obviously adv.显然，明显地→obvious adj.明显的
2．access n．机会，权利；路径，通道 vt.到达，进入，使用→accessible adj.可使用的，可接近的
3．majority n．大部分，大多数；多数票→major adj.主要的
4．deliver vt.递送，传送；发表，宣布；交出→delivery n．递送
5．arrangement n．安排；布置；约定；排列→arrange v．安排
6．instant adj.立即的，立刻的；方便的 n．瞬间，片刻；某一时刻→instantly adv.立即
7．aware adj.知道，意识到；察觉到，发觉；有……意识的→awareness n．知道，意识
8．technical adj.技术的，技能的；专门技术的；专业的→technically adv.技术上地
9．upload vt.上载，上传→download vt.下载
10．entertainment n．娱乐活动；招待，娱乐→entertain v．使快乐→entertaining adj.令人愉快的
11．addict n．对……入迷的人；瘾君子→addicted adj.上瘾的
12．appreciate vt.欣赏，赏识；感谢→appreciation n．欣赏；感激
练一练
单句语法填空
1. A product as good as that is a guarantee of __________ (commerce) success.
2. By using more illustrations, he made the magazine more __________ (access) to the public.
3. Environmental __________ (aware) has increased dramatically over the past decade.
4. We can now communicate __________ (instant) with people on the other side of the world.
5. You've __________ (obvious) put a lot of work in your garden.
6. Since its __________ (establish) in 1945, the United Nations has played a dominant role in the development of international law.
7. Passengers are reminded to take all their personal __________ (belong) with them when they leave the plane.
8. Her biography __________ (reveal) that she was not as rich as everyone thought.
9. A couple of people objected to the proposal, but the vast __________ (major) approved of it.
10. My mom always __________ (comment) on what I'm wearing.
11. He has some special __________ (arrange) with his supplier, which means he's able to sell his goods more cheaply.
12. They received hundreds of __________ (request) for more information.
13. What did you do for __________ (entertain) while you were staying there—just watch TV?
14. She'd had a dream in which __________ (scare) monsters were chasing her.
15. The article gives __________ (guideline) on how to invest your money safely.
16. The coda is often more __________ (technical) difficult than the rest of the piece.
17. I've reorganized my __________ (file) so that I can easily find what I'm looking for.
18. He __________ (remove) from office because he made a huge mistake.
19. Children rarely show any __________ (appreciate) for what their parents do for them.
20. He's __________ (addict) to coffee and cannot do anything in the morning until he's had some.
【答案】1. commercial　2. accessible　3. awareness　4. instantly　5. obviously　6. establishment　7. belongings　8. revealed　9. majority　10. comments　11. arrangements　12. requests　13. entertainment　14. scary　15. guidelines　16. technically　17. files　18. was removed　19. appreciation　20. addicted

二．必过重点短语

1．take off突然大受欢迎，迅速流行
2．bring up使显示在计算机屏幕上，调出；提出
3．at one’s fingertips掌握(信息)，熟悉、精通(知识等)，了如指掌
4．above all else最重要的是，尤其是
5．bring about引起，导致
6．get in touch with与……取得联系
7．lie in在于
8．to a certain extent在一定程度上
9．keep in contact with与……保持联系
10．care about在乎
11．all sorts of各种各样的
12．cut off切断
13．belong to 属于，归……所有
14．set up创建，建立
15．take advantage of利用
16．be glued to sth.全神贯注看着某物，离某物很近
17．reach for sth.伸手够某物
18．take up占用
19．shoot past飞驰而过
20．knock sb.off one’s feet撞倒某人，使某人双脚离地
21．make up one’s mind下决心
22．slow down减慢
23．stretch out伸展
24．pick up拾起，捡起
25．be lost in全神贯注，沉浸于
26．cut back on减少，削减

练一练
短语填空
belong to, get in the way, set up, (be) lost in thought, above all else, knock…off one's feet, to a certain extent, get in touch with, at one's fingertips, be glued to
1. __________， he didn't realize someone was coming in.
2. You'd better ask Professor William about the population issues. He has the whole subject __________.
3. __________， I want to thank all my fans for their support.
4. __________， it's easier for men to get work.
5. Put your name in your coat, so we can see who it __________.
6. All eyes __________ the television tonight as the final match is to be broadcast live.
7. To my great joy, I __________ a high school classmate last month.
8. Work often __________ of my social life.
9. He __________ when he heard the surprising news.
10. She wants to repay the committee for the help she received when __________ in business.
【答案】1. Lost in thought　2. at his fingertips　3. Above all else　4. To a certain extent　5. belongs to　6. will be glued to　7. got in touch with　8. gets in the way　9. was knocked off his feet　10. setting up

三.必过经典句式
1．have＋宾语＋宾语补足语
You can have food delivered to you using food delivery apps and sites.
你可以使用食物派送应用程序或网站让人把食物派送给你。
2．倒装结构
Gone are the days of searching shop after shop for the perfect pair of boots...
一家店挨着一家店地寻找那双最合适的靴子的日子一去不复返了……
3．“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句
No matter where we are，we are able to keep in contact with loved ones...
无论我们在哪里，我们都能与所爱的人保持联系……
4．“only＋状语”位于句首引起倒装
Only in that way can the Internet be a place of discovery，wonder and inspiration for everyone.
只有用那种方式互联网才能成为一个为每个人带来发现、惊奇和灵感的地方。
5．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
She always found dance relaxing after a long day at school.
在学校待了一整天后，她一直觉得舞蹈让人放松。
6．that引导同位语从句
Sometimes I had the uncomfortable feeling that this little machine had taken up too much of my time...
有时我感到焦虑：这台小机器占用了我太多的时间……
7．独立主格结构
Head down，eyes on my smartphone，I stepped into the road and a car shot past，nearly knocking me off my feet!
我低着头，眼睛盯着智能手机，走到马路上，突然一辆车飞驰过来，差点把我撞倒。
8．否定词与比较级连用表最高级意义
We had never felt closer to each other.
我们从来没有这么亲近过。
四.课文语法填空
The Internet connects people across the world to a single shared community, 1.__________ (bring) about some truly life­changing benefits. In the first place, people can have quick and easy access 2.__________ quantities of information, involving almost anything we care to know. No wonder, 3.__________ popular and convenient is it that the 4.__________ (major) of people first turn to the Internet for information when in need or trouble. What's more, people's lives become 5.__________ (believe) convenient. For example, we can have our goods 6.__________ (deliver) to our house using food delivery apps and sites. Above all else, the Internet 7.__________ (enable) us to establish and maintain 8.__________ (close) ties with others no matter where we are. However, 9.__________ the Internet brings many valuable advantages, we should be aware of its disadvantages and be careful not to use it 10.__________ (proper) and irresponsibly.
【答案】1. bringing　2. to　3. so　4. majority　5. unbelievable　6. delivered　7. enables　8. closer　9. while/though/although　10. improperly

Unit4 Scientists Who Changed the World
一．必过单词变形
1．broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的→broadly adv.广泛地
2．intend vi.&vt.想要，计划；意指→intention n．打算
3．trial n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.&vt.测试，试验→try v．尝试
4．limited adj.有限的→limit n．& vt.限制
5．container n．容器；集装箱，货柜→contain vt.包含
6．beneficial adj.有益的，有用的→benefit n．益处 vt.对……有益处
7．illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于→illustration n．图解，图示
8．surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．周围的事物
9．indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→indication n．表明；暗示
10．intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．才智
11．favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→favorable adj.赞成的；讨人喜欢的
12．politician n．政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→politics n．政治→political adj.政治的
13．electricity n．电，电能→electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的
14．scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
15．moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n．品行，道德；寓意→immoral adj.不道德的
16．apply vt.&vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→application n．申请；应用→applicant n．申请人
17．ignorance n．无知→ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的→ignore vt.忽视；不理睬
18．freedom n．自由→free adj.自由的；免费的→freely adv.自由地
19．permit vt.&vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能→permission n．允许，许可
20．responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务→responsible adj.负责任的
21．nationality n．国籍；民族→national adj.国家的；民族的→nation n．国家；民族
22．marriage n．结婚，婚姻；已婚状态→marry v．结婚
练一练
单句语法填空
1. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is __________ (involve) in various events.
2. Some light showers have been forecast since last month, but all of them have been effective in __________ (surround) areas.
3. To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study __________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.
4. From our point of view, we do not see how these changes will be __________ (benefit) to the company.
5. She made no __________ (refer) to her illness but only to her future plans.
6. Have you filled in the __________ (apply) form for your passport yet?
7. No reference books are to be taken out of the reading room without __________ (permit)．
8. Understanding her good __________ (intend), I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation.
9. The sports meeting __________ (postpone) for another week due to bad weather.
10. Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our __________ (survive)．
11. Modern parents raise children in a more __________ (science) way.
12. Several passages from the book were printed in a __________ (nation) newspaper before it was published.
13. In addition, the information about each word in a pocket dictionary is generally __________ (limit).
14. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence __________ (contain) the best advice I've ever had: be bold and brave.
15. The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their __________ (ignorant), nor their lack of skills.
16. Welch examined a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a __________ (dead) infectious disease mainly affecting children.
17. People believing in __________ (free) are those who behave within the laws and value systems.18. An important __________ (negate) effect of gossip is that it causes unpleasant experiences.
19. They gave no __________ (indicate) of how the work should be done.
20. He believes that all children are born with equal __________ (intelligent)．
【答案】1. involved　2. surrounding　3. conducted　4. beneficial5. reference　6. application　7. permission　8. intention　9. was postponed/has been postponed　10. survival　11. scientific　12. national　13. limited　14. containing　15. ignorance　16. deadly　17. freedom　18. negative　19. indication　20. intelligence

二．必过重点短语

1．make a difference有影响，起作用
2．thanks to 因为，多亏了
3．refer to查阅，参考；提到，谈及
4．give up放弃
5．speed up(使)加速
6．pay off成功，奏效，达到目的
7．through trial and error反复试验
8．draw on凭借，利用
9．make good use of 充分利用
10．by accident偶然；意外地
11．with a bang 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响
12．show off显示，展示；炫耀，卖弄
13．let sb.down使某人失望
14．as to 关于，至于
15．take it for granted想当然认为，认为……是理所当然
16．put forward提出，提议，建议
17．far from the truth根本不是事实
18．work out计算出；理解
19．go through穿过；经历
20．come up即将发生(或出现、到来)
21．get a taste of体验；尝到
22．put another way换句话说
23．turn over翻转

练一练
短语填空
let…down, take it for granted, put forward, by accident, refer to, speed up, pay off, succeed in, show off, be beneficial to
1. This article also __________ some suggestions for the experiment teaching.
2. This bag should not be consumed. If put into your mouth __________， wash your mouth immediately.
3. I'm counting on you to support me—Don't __________ me __________.
4. Hard work is the name of the game if you want to __________ business.
5. A stay in the country will __________ his health.
6. I had already taken steps to __________ a solution to the problem.
7. He seemed to __________ that he should speak as a representative.
8. They doubted whether all this work would __________.
9. You may __________ your notes if you want.
10. Although he wants to make a hit, I think he hasn't got much to __________.
【答案】1. put forward　2. by accident　3. let; down　4. succeed in　5. be beneficial to　6. speed up　7. take it for granted　8. pay off　9. refer to　10. show off

三.必过经典句式
1．现在分词短语作结果状语
She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine，acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.
她完成了传统中医的进修课程，对传统中西医学有了广泛的了解。
2．be likely to do sth.可能做某事
The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data.
因为他们没有充足的安全性数据，在病人身上进行实验有可能推迟。
3．形容词作后置定语
Perhaps the next generation of scientists，drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.
也许后世的科学家借鉴传统中医药的智慧，将发现更多有益于全球医疗保健的药物。
4．强调句型It was not until...that...
However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments.
然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才在多次实验失败之后发现了青蒿素。
5．be of＋n.
The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone：scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.
科学是有价值的，第一个方面大家都很熟悉：科技知识能使我们做各种事情。
6．not...but...不是……而是……
It is our responsibility as scientists，knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought，to declare the value of this freedom，to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed，and to ensure this freedom for all coming generations.
作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任宣扬这种自由的价值，有责任教育人们不必害怕疑问，而应对此持欢迎态度并展开讨论，有责任确保我们的后代都享有这种自由。
四.课文语法填空
Tu Youyou, the first female scientist in China who was awarded a Nobel Prize for her great contribution to the fight against malaria. She was born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. Between 1951 and 1955, Tu 1.__________ (study) medicine at university in Beijing. Later, she went on 2.__________ (complete) further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine. In 1969, Tu became head of a team that intended to find 3.__________ cure for malaria. She collected a large amount of data 4.__________ referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine. After 190 5.__________ (failure), on 4 October 1971, she 6.__________ (successful) made qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. However, then the team met many problems, such as being unable 7.__________ (produce) enough qinghao extract and having no sufficient safety data on trials on patients. To find solutions to the problems, they worked day and night, and even volunteered to test 8.__________ themselves first. In November 1972, they succeeded in isolating the most effective part of the qinghao extract and named it qinghaosu, 9.__________ is a key part of many malaria medicines. In her Nobel Lecture, she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a 10.__________ (high) level.
【答案】1. studied　2. completing　3. a　4. and　5. failures 6. successfully　7. to produce　8. on　9. which　10. higher