精品解析：广东省广州市三中四中培正三校2022-2023学年高二下学期联考期中英语试题（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：广东省广州市三中四中培正三校2022-2023学年高二下学期联考期中英语试题（解析版），共21页。
2022学年第二学期期中“三校联考”检测题高二级 英语(问卷)本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分, 满分130分, 考试用时120分钟。注意事项: 1. 答卷前, 考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将姓名、考号填写在答题卡的相应位置。2. 选择题每小题选出答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑; 如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其它答案; 不能答在试卷上。3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答, 答案必须写在答题卷指定区域内的相应位置上; 如需改动. 先划掉原来的答案, 然后再写上新的答案; 不准使用铅笔和涂改液, 不按以上要求作答的答卷无效。4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁, 考试结束后, 将答题卷交回。选择题(满分65分)第一部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)第一节阅读理解(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)阅读下列短文, 从1—15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ALaughter is more like an animal call than it is like speech—but it's also one of our most important forms of communication.In this talk, Sophie Scott will explore the natural history and neuroscience (神经学) of laughter, stressing its role in social contact and play, as well as its role in emotional expressions and communication. She will set out what we know about the neural basis of laughter awareness and production, and a little of what we know about laughter and humour. Sophie will also present some of the reasons why so few people study laughter scientifically.What's included in your ticket:◆Live lecture lasting 60 minutes, including Q&A ( Question and Answer ) with Sophie Scott◆On-demand access to a recording of the lecture and Q&A for 12 months◆Extra content from New ScientistHealth and Wellbeing (福利) SeriesThe Health and Wellbeing Series from New Scientist events will feature four online talks (live and available on-demand) in October (Sleep Engineering), January (Nutrition), February (Brain Power), and March (Laughter), covering the latest developments in health, from some of the finest minds in science.You can buy a single ticket to one lecture for just £13 (early booking rate), or save 25% by buying a series ticket to all four live online Health and Wellbeing Series lectures.1. What information can you get from Sophie's talk?A. Laughter is actually the same as humor.B. Laughter hasn't got enough scientific research.C. More and more scientists will study laughter.D. Laughter has much in common with animal calls.2. What can you do if you pay to listen to Sophie's talk?A. Listen to all the lectures freely.B. Take part in a study of laughter.C. Listen to talks from New Scientist.D. Ask questions in person.3. How much should you pay if you buy all the four live online series lectures?A. £39. B. £25. C. £13. D. £52.【答案】1. B    2. D    3. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文中介绍了一位研究笑的科学家举办讲座的内容与收费标准。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Sophie will also present some of the reasons why so few people study laughter scientifically.( 苏菲还将介绍为什么很少有人科学地研究笑的原因。)”可知，索菲还将解释为什么很少有人科学地研究笑。由此可知，以前对笑缺乏科学研究。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据What’s included in your ticket后面的“Live lecture lasting 60 minutes, including Q&A (Question and Answer) with Sophie Scott.( 现场讲座，时长60分钟，包括与Sophie Scott的问答环节。)”可知，买票之后你可以去听60分钟的现场讲座，包括与Sophie Scott的问答。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“You can buy a single ticket to one lecture for just £13 (early booking rate), or save 25% by buying a series ticket to all four live online Health and Wellbeing Series lectures.(你可以只花13英镑（提前预订）就能买到一场讲座的单程票，或者购买四场在线健康与健康系列讲座的系列票可以节省25%。)”可知，一场讲座的票是13英镑，四场讲座是52英镑，减去25%(13英镑)，实际需要付39英镑。故选A。BI was watching a kid doing tricks on his skateboard. He was doing pretty well until he tried to skate down a set of steps and lost his balance. The skateboard went one way and he went the other. But, lying on the concrete, he still managed to keep his sense of humor. He looked at me, smiled and said, “Epic fail!”The term “epic fail” isn’t proper grammatical English (we should use the noun form “failure”), but it is commonly used and perfectly acceptable. People use it to describe small embarrassments as well as serious mistakes. The kid on the skateboard suffered a small embarrassment. An example of a serious epic fail would be Hillary Clinton’s loss to Donald Trump in the U.S. presidential election. The only difference between the two was how they responded to their epic fails. The kid laughed at his embarrassment and got back on his skateboard. Hillary Clinton, on the other hand, could not accept her epic fail but, instead, wrote a bitter book about it in which she blamed everyone but herself for the loss.All of us can expect to have epic fails in our life. We might fail an exam or not win a prize in some competition. Later in life, we may not get the job we want or be as successful as we hoped we would be. But if we manage to keep our sense of humor and a positive attitude, we can overcome our epic fails. One embarrassing mistake or even a serious disappointment does not mean the end of the world.Here’s a historical example of what I mean. Alfred the Great (849-899) was an English king in ancient Britain. At the time, his kingdom was being invaded by Vikings and Alfred suffered an epic fail when his army was defeated in a big battle. He managed to escape from the battlefield and found safety many miles away in the hut of a poor peasant woman. The woman didn’t know who he was and when she had to leave the hut to do some chores, she told Alfred to watch some wheat cakes that were cooking on the fire. Alfred, still thinking about his big epic fail, forgot about the cakes and they were burned. When the woman returned, she scolded Alfred, but he didn’t get angry. Her criticism, instead, seemed to help him put his situation into perspective.Soon after, Alfred left the hut, gathered his scattered army and defeated the Vikings. Epic fails, big and small, can always be overcome with the right attitude.4. According to the article, which of the following is NOT an epic fail?A. Be defeated in a basketball match.B. Slip when dancing in front of your friends.C. Fail to win a prize in a competition.D. Get blamed for your friend’s mistake.5. According to the article, how did Hillary Clinton respond to her epic fail?A. She wrote a book analyzing her failure.B. She laughed at her failure with a sense of humor.C. She failed to recognize her responsibility in the failure.D. She thought about how she could perform better in the next election.6. What can we learn from the text?A. All of us can encounter epic fail in our life.B. We use the term “epic fail” to describe big mistakes only.C. If we change our attitude, we may not suffer from epic failD. A serious embarrassment can be compared with the end of the world7. By mentioning the story of Alfred the Great, the author wants to illustrate that ____.A. even kings may encounter epic failsB. it is easier for forgetful people to overcome epic failsC. all epic fails can be overcome with the right attitudeD. criticism plays an important role in overcoming epic fails【答案】4. D    5. C    6. A    7. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文，“epic fail”表示“惨败”，它不是正确的语法，但是使用非常频繁，作者通过阿尔弗雷德大帝的事例说明人生难免有惨败，但是只要我们保持幽默和乐观，我们就能战胜失败。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“We might fail an exam or not win a prize in some competition. Later in life, we may not get the job we want or be as successful as we hoped we would be.(我们可能考试不及格或在某些比赛中不能获奖。在以后的生活中，我们可能不会得到我们想要的工作，或者不像我们希望的那样成功。)”可知，生活中比赛失利、朋友面前表演出丑和没有获奖都是惨败，D项“因为朋友的过错而被责备”不是惨败。故选D项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Hillary Clinton, on the other hand, could not accept her epic fail but, instead, wrote a bitter book about it in which she blamed everyone but herself for the loss.(另一方面， Hillary Clinton无法接受自己的惨败，而是写了一本关于失败的苦涩的书，在书中，她将失败归咎于所有人，唯独没有责怪自己。)”可知，对于失败，Hillary Clinton责怪其他所有人而没有责怪自己，所以她没有认识到自己在失败中的责任。故选C项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段首句“All of us can expect to have epic fails in our life.(我们每个人在生活中都有惨败。)”可知，我们在生活中都可能遇到惨败。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“But if we manage to keep our sense of humor and a positive attitude, we can overcome our epic fails. One embarrassing mistake or even a serious disappointment does not mean the end of the world.(但是如果我们能保持我们的幽默感和积极的态度，我们就能战胜我们的失败。一个令人尴尬的错误，甚至是一个严重的失望并不意味着世界末日。)”提到，有正确的态度就能战胜失败，结合第四段首句“Here’s a historical example of what I mean.(这里有一个历史上的例子。)”及本段内容可知，作者提到阿尔弗雷德大帝的例子是为了证明自己的上述观点，即正确的态度能战胜所有的惨败。故选C项。CEfforts to preserve the Amazon rainforest, which supports immense biodiversity and locks away tons of climate threatening carbon, are growing more urgent as the ecosystem’s destruction speeds up. Indigenous (当地的) peoples have been trying to protect the region by patrolling (巡逻) their territorial boundaries for illegal activities. But rapid deforestation continues. A recent study shows that combining on-the-ground monitoring with satellite data and smartphone technology could help put the brakes (刹车) on Amazon deforestation —and potentially that of forests elsewhere. Illegal logging, agriculture and coca cultivation particularly threaten the Amazon in the Peruvian Indigenous communities and outsiders are often the culprits (罪魁祸首). The research team wondered if providing training for local people to use satellite based “early deforestation alerts (警报)” could help. The scientists cooperated with 76 Indigenous communities, 36 of which participated in using these alerts to watch over the forest. Over the next two years these trained participants were paid to work as forest monitors and received monthly alerts via the app when satellite data indicated local forest losses. Monitors investigated alerts, patrolled for deforestation in other areas and reported confirmed tosses back to their communities, which decided whether to deal with the culprits on their own or inform state authorities. The researchers analyzed the same forest-loss satellite data from the given time period in all 76 communities. They found the early-alert program reduced forest loss by 8.4 hectares in the first two year — a 52% reduction compared with the average loss in the control communities. Experts say this approach to tackling Amazonian deforestation looks promising. “Would this work in all communities that have high risk of deforestation? Given the results, it’s worth a try,” says Catherine Tucker, a researcher at the University of Florida. “But some communities may not have access to the resources needed for such a program, or their territories may hold valuable minerals that would increase the risk of deforestation by outsiders despite monitoring efforts,” wrote Francisco Hernandez Cayctano, a community member involved in the research, “we as Indigenous peoples ask the world for support.”8. Why did the research team conduct the program?A. To stop carbon being locked away. B. To tackle Amazon deforestation.C. To monitor satellite movement. D. T control illegal activities.9. How does the community-based monitoring work?A. By offering locals training in using a smartphone app.B. By combining local monitoring with smartphone alerts.C. By organizing native people to fight against the outsiders.D. By equipping local forest with satellite data and monitors.10. What is Catherine Tucker’s attitude toward the approach to preventing deforestation?A. Pessimistic. B. Objective. C. Approving. D. Sympathetic.11. Which can be the best title for the text?A. Local Monitors Trained for Forest Loss. B. Satellite Data Cure Deforestation.C. Outsiders Are to Blame for Forest Loss. D. Smart Patrol Fights Deforestation.【答案】8. B    9. B    10. C    11. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了将地面监测与卫星数据和智能手机技术相结合，可以帮助遏制亚马逊地区的森林砍伐。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据首段末句“But rapid deforestation continues. (但是快速的森林砍伐仍在继续。)”以及第二段“A recent study shows that combining on-the-ground monitoring with satellite data and smartphone technology could help put the brakes (刹车) on Amazon deforestation — and potentially that of forests elsewhere. (最近的一项研究表明，将地面监测与卫星数据和智能手机技术相结合，可以帮助遏制亚马逊地区的森林砍伐，也有可能遏制其他地区的森林砍伐。)”可知，研究团队是为了解决森林砍伐的问题。故选B。9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“A recent study shows that combining on-the-ground monitoring with satellite data and smartphone technology could help put the brakes (刹车) on Amazon deforestation — and potentially that of forests elsewhere. (最近的一项研究表明，将地面监测与卫星数据和智能手机技术相结合，可以帮助遏制亚马逊地区的森林砍伐，也有可能遏制其他地区的森林砍伐。)”可知，将地面监测与卫星数据和智能手机技术相结合来实施监测工作的。故选B。【10题详解】观点态度题。根据末段第二三句“ “Would this work in all communities that have high risk of deforestation? Given the results, it’s worth a try,” says Catherine Tucker, a researcher at the University of Florida. (“这是否适用于所有森林砍伐风险高的社区？考虑到结果，这值得一试，”佛罗里达大学的研究员凯瑟琳·塔克说。)”可知，凯瑟琳·塔克对于预防森林砍伐方法的态度是支持的。故选C。【11题详解】标题判断题。根据第二段“A recent study shows that combining on-the-ground monitoring with satellite data and smartphone technology could help put the brakes (刹车) on Amazon deforestation — and potentially that of forests elsewhere. (最近的一项研究表明，将地面监测与卫星数据和智能手机技术相结合，可以帮助遏制亚马逊地区的森林砍伐，也有可能遏制其他地区的森林砍伐。)”可知，将地面监测与卫星数据和智能手机技术相结合，可以帮助遏制亚马逊地区的森林砍伐，D项“智能巡逻对抗森林砍伐。”适合作文章标题。故选D。DMigraine is a disease that has a number of symptoms, including head pain that can stick around from four hours to several days. While migraines can occur partly because of genetic factors, attacks may happen by chance, set off by a cause in the environment. One common cause is food, and some common dietary causes include alcohol, salt, sugar, chocolate, and caffeine. But there are many others, and scientists continue to identify more. For instance, a Brazilian study found that watermelons brought on a headache within minutes in about 30 percent of the participants. Some of the newest research is looking at which foods and what kinds of diets can prevent or lessen migraines. A new study published last year by a team of researchers found that a diet higher in fish oils rather than vegetable oils helped people ease their headaches. In the study, those on a diet lower in vegetable oil and higher in fatty fish had a 30 to 40 percent reduction in total headache hours per day, serious headache hours per day, and overall headache days per month compared to the control group. Tanya Kamka had suffered weekly migraines for most of her life. Then, in her 50s, she joined the NIH diet trial and increased her intake of fish. After only a few months, “I haven’t had a migraine, not even a mild one, in over two years,” she says. For others, the solution comes from plants, not fish. A 60-year-old man joined a study on the food-migraine link and turned to a diet, which includes a lot of dark, leafy greens. After two months he was experiencing only one migraine a month instead of the 18 to 24 a month he’d suffered before. Clearly, people with migraines react to food in very different ways. What works for one person may not work for another.12. What can be learned from paragraph 1?A. Environment can cause migraine. B. The main cause of migraine is genes.C. Heavy headache can lead to migraine. D. Migraine lasts for at most four hours.13. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The length of migraine. B. Factors that lead to migraine.C. The most common cause of migraine. D. A Brazilian study about the cause of migraine.14. What did the new study last year find?A. Taking more fish oils can help lessen migraines.B. People taking more vegetables can reduce migraines.C. More fish oils and less vegetables can cure migraines.D. The control group may have 30%-40% less migraines.15. Why does the author mention Tanya and the 60-year-old man?A. To prove that different foods can help with migraines.B. To tell that both fish and plants have good effects on migraines.C. To suggest that fish oils work better than plant oils on reducing migraines.D. To show that the influences of food on migraines vary from person to person.【答案】12. A    13. B    14. A    15. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了引起偏头痛的可能原因以及缓解偏头痛的一些食物，但是食物对偏头痛的影响因人而异。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据首段末句“While migraines can occur partly because of genetic factors, attacks may happen by chance, set off by a cause in the environment. (虽然偏头痛的发生部分是由于遗传因素，但发作也可能是偶然发生的，由环境中的原因引起的。)”可知，环境也可以引起偏头痛。故选A。【13题详解】段落大意题。根据第二段前两句“One common cause is food, and some common dietary causes include alcohol, salt, sugar, chocolate, and caffeine. But there are many others, and scientists continue to identify more. (一个常见的原因是食物，一些常见的饮食原因包括酒精、盐、糖、巧克力和咖啡因。但还有很多其他的，科学家们还在继续发现更多。)”可知，本句主要介绍引起偏头痛的原因。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“A new study published last year by a team of researchers found that a diet higher in fish oils rather than vegetable oils helped people ease their headaches. (一组研究人员去年发表的一项新研究发现，鱼油含量高于植物油的饮食可以帮助人们缓解头痛。)”可知，去年的新研究发现鱼油可以帮助人们缓解头痛。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段，倒数第二段，尤其是最后一段“Clearly, people with migraines react to food in very different ways. What works for one person may not work for another. (很明显，偏头痛患者对食物的反应非常不同。对一个人有效的方法可能对另一个人无效。)”可知，鱼肉对Tanya的偏头痛有缓解作用，但是对于一名60岁的老人并没有，所以说明食物对偏头痛的影响因人而异。故选D。第二节 阅读填空(共5小题: 每小题 2.5分, 满分 12.5分)从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的选项填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。Why do we like somebody else? One factor(因素) may be intelligence. It could be assumed that people generally like other people better if they’re smarter, as they might be more interesting to talk to. ____16____ If someone is too smart, somebody with lower intelligence may not like them as they might feel that they look worse in comparison. In contrast, a really smart person might feel that somebody with lower intelligence is less likable.____17____ In the study, researcher Maria Flakus and her team analyzed data gathered from Polish high school students. The results of the study indicated that being intelligent influenced both being liked and liking others. Interestingly, it did so in opposite ways. ____18____ However, they tended to like fewer people than less intelligent students. Specifically, smart students had a tendency to only like others that were as smart as themselves.Importantly, the effect of liking others due to their intelligence was strongest during the first test and became weaker over time. Thus, over time, the importance of intelligence in building social relationships decreases. ____19____ The researchers suggest that over time, knowing about the shared interests of others may be a more important factor in liking than knowing they’re smart.In contrast, the effect of smart students only liking others that were equally intelligent remained significant over the course of the year, although it became a bit weaker. The researchers warn that this may lead to intelligent students being seen as isolated(孤立的) by others. This may become problematic if the smart students are viewed as too proud. ____20____A. Instead, other factors become more important.B. Smart people in the study tended to like nobody.C. Intelligent students were liked better by their classmates.D. The relationship between intelligence and being liked is complex.E. A recent study looked into the link between intelligence and being likedF. But this association may also be a function of the intelligence of both people.G. Thus, smart people may wish to be careful to take care of their social relationships.【答案】16. D    17. E    18. C    19. A    20. G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了影响人们彼此喜欢的因素。【16题详解】根据下文“If someone is too smart, somebody with lower intelligence may not like them as they might feel that they look worse in comparison, In contrast, a really smart person might feel that somebody with lower intelligence is less likable.(如果有人太聪明，较低智商的人可能不喜欢他们，因为和太聪明人相比，他们会自惭形秽。比较起来，一个很聪明的人可能不喜欢较低智商的人)”可知，聪明和被喜欢之间的关系很复杂。因此D.“The relationship between intelligence and being liked is complex. (聪明和被喜欢之间的关系很复杂)”符合语境。故选D。【17题详解】根据下文“In the study, researcher Maria Flakus and her team analyzed data gathered from Polish high school students. (在这个研究中，研究员Maria Flakus和她的团队分析来自波兰一所高中的学生的数据)”可知，空格处因该是开展了一项研究。因此E.“A recent study looked into the link between intelligence and being liked, (一项研究调查聪明和被喜欢之间的联系)”符合语境。故选E。【18题详解】根据下文“However, they tended to like fewer people than less intelligent students. (然而，他们喜欢的人要比不聪明的学生喜欢的人要少)”可知，聪明的学生被许多人喜欢，但是他们喜欢的人却很少。因此C.“Intelligent students were liked better by their classmates. (聪明的学生比较被他们的同学喜欢)”符合语境。故选C。【19题详解】根据上文“Thus, over time, the importance of intelligence in building social relationships decreases. (因此，随着时间的推移，在构建社会关系中聪明的重要性降低了)”可知，在构建社会关系中，聪明只是一个因素，还有其它的因素。因此A.“Instead, other factors become more important. (相反，其它因素变得重要起来)”符合语境。故选A。【20题详解】根据上文“This may become problematic if the smart students are viewed as too proud. (如果聪明学生被认为太自傲，这可能会成为问题)”可知，聪明学生容易被孤立，因此下文是他们应该注意的事情。G.“Thus, smart people may wish to be careful to take care of their social relationships. (因此，聪明学生可能希望小心地照顾他们的社会关系)”符合语境。故选G。第二部分语言知识运用(共两节, 满分30分)第一节完型填空(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。It was a cold and rainy day in March. Across the room in the retail store where Mandy ___21___, sat Laura, a woman about Mandy's age .Other workers did not ___22___ Laura; they thought of her as ___23___ and so did Mandy.But sweeping the ___24___ from her eyes, Mandy made up her mind to say something kind to Laura. Finally, she managed, "Do you know, Laura, that I’ve worked in this room with you for several years? And when I ___25___ every time, I see your head silhouetted（使呈现轮廓）against the window there behind you. I think you have the prettiest profile and hair that I have ever ___26___ on anybody. "Her words were not false ___27___. She meant it.Laura looked up and said, “That’s the first kind word anybody has ever ___28___ to me since I’ve worked here.” After that, they often talked to each other after work. Through their ___29___, Mandy realized that Laura's coldness was not ___30___ arrogance（傲慢）, but to shyness. They soon became friends. Other colleagues soon began to ___31___ Laura in their activities, and she blossomed like a flower that, for the first time, had found sunlight. The right words made all the ___32___ when spoken in kindness.Words carry the ___33___ to tear down or to build up. When they are both sincere and kind, they are instruments that ___34___ great power. Never ignore the potential and power of ___35___.21. A. wandered B. bargained C. worked D. ran22. A. like B. remember C. please D. respect23. A. dishonest B. silly C. innocent D. distant24. A. anger B. prejudice C. puzzlement D. disappointment25. A. show up B. break up C. glance up D. call up26. A. heard B. seen C. imagined D. drawn27. A. praise B. advice C. information D. assumption28. A. sent B. written C. said D. 1left29. A. conversation B. appointment C. cooperation D. negotiation30. A. leading to B. equal to C. devoted to D. due to31. A. involve B. motivate C. challenge D. blame32. A. progress B. difference C. impression D. fun33. A. responsibility B. meaning C. weight D. potential34. A. limit B. replace C. own D. consume35. A. behavior B. words C. encouragement D. friendship【答案】21. C    22. A    23. D    24. B    25. C    26. B    27. A    28. C    29. A    30. D    31. A    32. B    33. D    34. C    35. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议。通过讲述了Mandy用友好态度的话，改变了同事Laura的生活。最后告诉我们千万不要忽略语言的潜力和力量，思考要自己话语的力。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Mandy工作的零售商店的房间里坐着一个与Mandy年龄相仿的女人，她叫Laura。A. wandered徘徊；B. bargained 讨价还价；C. worked工作；D. ran跑。根据“Other workers did not __2___ Laura”可知，Laura也是这里的工人，工作在这里。故选C。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他工人都不喜欢她。A. like喜欢；B. remember 记起；C. please使高兴；D. respect尊敬。根据下文“Mandy realized that Laura's coldness was not 10 arrogance（傲慢）, but to shyness.”可知，Mandy认识到Laura的冷漠不是由于傲慢，只是害羞。因此在此处大家觉得她很冷漠，不喜欢她。故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：包括Mandy在内的工人都对她不好，认为她很冷漠。A. dishonest不诚实的；B. silly愚蠢的；C. innocent无辜的；D. distant遥远的，冷漠的。根据下文“Mandy realized that Laura's coldness was not 10 arrogance（傲慢），but to shyness.”可知，Mandy认识到Laura的冷漠不是由于傲慢，只是害羞。因此在此处大家不喜欢她，觉得她很冷漠。故选D。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是扫除了来自她眼中的偏见，Mandy决心有好地跟她说话。A. anger生气；B. prejudice 偏见；C. puzzlement迷惑；D. disappointment失望。根据下文“Mandy made up her mind to say something kind to Laura.”可知，Mandy决心友好地跟她说话，因此她首先是扫除了来自她眼中的偏见。故选B。【25题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当每次我抬头，就会瞥见你的头靠在你身后墙上的轮廓。A. show up 露面；B. break up打碎，结束；C. glance up抬头瞥见；D. call up打电话。根据“I see your head silhouetted（使呈现轮廓）against the window there behind you.”可知，Mandy每次抬头，就会瞥见Laura的头在身后墙上的轮廓。故选C。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为你拥有最美的轮廓和头发，这是我在其他人身上从未见到的。A. heard听见；B. seen看见；C. imagined想象；D. drawn素描。根据上句“I see your head silhouetted（使呈现轮廓）against the window there behind you.”可知，Mandy说这是她见到的最美的轮廓和头发。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的话语不是虚假的表扬。A. praise表扬；B advice建议；C. information信息；D. assumption假定。根据“She meant it.”可知，她是认真的，不是虚假的表扬。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Laura抬起头来说：“这是自从我工作在这里，有人对我说过的第一句友好的话语。”A. sent发送；B. written写；C. said说；D. left离开。根据“That's the first kind word anybody has ever 8 to me”可知，这是有人对Laura说过的第一句友好的话语。故选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过交谈，Mandy认识到Laura的冷漠不是由于傲慢，只是害羞。A. conversation交谈；B. appointment任命；C. cooperation合作；D. negotiation谈判。根据“After that, they often talked to each other after work.”可知，她们经常交谈。通过交谈，就会加深了解。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：通过交谈，Mandy认识到Laura的冷漠不是由于傲慢，只是害羞。A. leading to导致；B. equal to等于，胜任；C. devoted to致力于；D. due to由于。根据“arrogance（傲慢）, but to shyness.”可知，空格处表原因。故选D。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他同事也开始让Laura参与到他们的活动中。A. involve 参与；B. motivate 刺激；C. challenge挑战；D. blame责备。根据“They soon became friends.”可知，成为朋友后，就会一起参加各种活动。故选A。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：恰当的话语被用友好的态度讲出来，就会产生不同的效果。A. progress进步；B. difference不同；C. impression印象；D. fun趣事。根据“when spoken in kindness.”可知，恰当的话语被用友好的态度讲出来，就会产生不同的效果。再根据“make the difference(产生不同的效果)”。故选B。【33题详解】考查动名词词义辨析。句意：语言拥有诋毁或者增进的潜力。A. responsibility 责任；B. meaning含义；C. weight重量；D. potential潜力。根据“Never ignore the potential and power of 15”可知，语言拥有无限的潜力和力量。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当语言真诚，友好的时候，它们就是拥有巨大力量的器械。A. limit限制；B. replace代替；C. own拥有；D. consume消费。根据“Words carry the 13 to tear down or to build up.”可知，语言拥有极大的潜力。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：千万不要忽略语言的潜力和力量。A. behavior行为；B. words话语；C. encouragement鼓励；D. friendship友谊。根据“When they are both sincere and kind, they are instruments that 14 great power.”可知，本段在谈话语的巨大力量。故选B。非选择题(满分65分)第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Wildlife all over the world ____36____ (damage) by climate change for decades, but certain species are suffering more than others. Polar animals ____37____ icy natural habitat is melting in the warmer temperatures are ____38____ (particular) at risk. In fact, experts believe that the Arctic sea is melting at ____39____ alarming rate —9% per decade! Polar bears need sea ice to be able to hunt, raise their young and as places to rest after long periods of swimming. Certain seal species, like ringed seals, make caves in the snow and ice ____40____ (raise) their pups, feed and mate. It’s not just polar animals that are in trouble. Apes like orangutans, which live in the rainforests of Indonesia, are ____41____ threat as their habitat is cut down, and more droughts cause more bushfires. Sea turtles rely on nesting beaches to lay their eggs, many of which are threatened by rising sea levels. Did you know that the temperature of nests determines whether the eggs are male or female? ____42____ (fortunate), with temperatures on the rise, this could mean that more females are born than males, ____43____(threaten) future turtle populations. Climate change won’t just affect animals; it’s already having impact on people, too. Most ____44____ (affect) people are some of the people who grow the food we eat every day. Farming communities, especially in developing countries, are facing ____45____ (high) temperatures, increased rain, floods and droughts.【答案】36. has been damaged    37. whose    38. particularly    39. an    40. to raise    41. under    42. Unfortunately    43. threatening    44. affected    45 higher【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。受到气候变化的影响，在温暖的气温下，不仅使极地动物，亚热带雨林中动物面临危险的生存环境，而且发展中国家的农业社区也正面临着各种自然灾害。【36题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：几十年来，世界各地的野生动物都受到气候变化的破坏，但某些物种比其他物种遭受的损失更大。分析句子成分可知，空处应为谓语动词。照应时间状语“for decades”以及空前主语“Wildlife”可知，谓语动词为现在完成时，为单数，为被动语态。故填has been damaged。【37题详解】考查连词。句意：极地动物自然栖息地在温暖的气温下正在融化，它们的处境尤其危险。分析句子成分可知，空处应为连接代词，指代先行词“Polar animals”，在定语从句中充当定语。故填whose。【38题详解】考查副词。句意：极地动物的自然栖息地在温暖的气温下正在融化，它们的处境尤其危险。空处应为副词修饰介词短语“at risk”。故填particularly。【39题详解】考查冠词。句意：事实上，专家们认为北冰洋正在以惊人的速度融化——每十年9% ！分析句子成分可知，空处应为不定冠词表示泛指，且照应空后词“alarming”为元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。故填an。【40题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：某些海豹物种，比如环斑海豹，会在冰雪中挖洞来养育幼崽、觅食和交配。分析句子成分可知，空处应为不定式作目的状语。故填to raise。【41题详解】考查介词。句意：生活在印度尼西亚热带雨林中的猩猩正面临威胁，因为它们的栖息地被砍伐，更多的干旱导致更多的丛林大火。固定搭配under threat“受到威胁”。故填under。【42题详解】考查副词。句意：不幸的是，随着气温的上升，这可能意味着出生的雌性海龟多于雄性，威胁到未来的海龟数量。空处应为副词修饰整个句子，再结合句意“出生的雌性海龟多于雄性，威胁到未来的海龟数量”可知，这是不幸的事，故应为提示词的反义词。故填Unfortunately。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不幸的是，随着气温的上升，这可能意味着出生的雌性海龟多于雄性，威胁到未来的海龟数量。空处应为非谓语动词，且表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故填threatening。【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受影响最大的人是那些种植我们每天吃的食物的人。分析句子成分可知，空处应为非谓语动词。且提示词和被修饰词“people”之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填affected。【45题详解】考查形容词。句意：农业社区，特别是发展中国家的农业社区，正面临着气温升高、降雨增多、洪水和干旱。根据句意可知，受到全球变暖的气候影响，温度比之前更高，故应为比较级。故填higher。第三部分书面表达(共三节, 满分50分)第一节 单词填空(共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分)必须用选择性必修三 Unit 2—5的单词的适当形式完成下列句子, 否则不得分。每空仅限填一词。46. I saw a little girl________(蹦跳)with her friends when I passed by. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】skipping【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我经过的时候，我看到一个小女孩和她的朋友们在蹦蹦跳跳。根据汉意提示，应为动词skip（指蹦跳、蹦蹦跳地走等慢速移动的动作），且照应固定搭配see sb. doing sth. “看到某人正在做某事”，故用现在分词作宾补。故填skipping。47. Beethoven ___________ (创作)  a large amount of very famous music. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】composed【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：贝多芬创作了大量非常著名的音乐。空处在句中为谓语，根据汉语提示可知，此处用动词compose，结合句意，动作发生在过去，所以时态为一般过去时，故填composed。48. You should have the application forms________(提交)as early as possible. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】submitted【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你应该尽早提交申请表格。根据汉意提示，应为动词submit，照应固定搭配have sth. done“使某事被做”，故应为过去分词形式作宾补。故填submitted。49. Our heartfelt ________(同情) goes out to the victims of the war. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】sympathy【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：我们向战争的受害者表示衷心的同情。分析句子可知，“heartfelt”为形容词，后接名词，根据汉语提示“同情”可知，空格处应用单词“sympathy”，意为“同情”，为不可数名词，在句中作主语。故填sympathy。50. The beautiful translation of this poem quite________(符合)to the original. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】corresponds【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：这首诗的优美译文与原文十分相符。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，根据句意和所给中文提示词，应是correspond意为“符合”，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是translation，谓语动词用单数，故填corresponds。51. We need to buy more________(家具) for the new office. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】furniture【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：我们需要为新办公室买更多的家具。根据汉意提示，应为不可数名词furniture作宾语。故填furniture。52. Nowadays, problems on network security emerge more________(频繁). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】frequently【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意：当今社会，网络安全问题层出不穷。根据汉意提示，应为副词frequently修饰动词“emerge”。故填frequently。53. The headmaster meant to hire a young lady________(有资格的)for teaching English in his school. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】qualified【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：校长打算雇用一位有资格在他的学校教英语的年轻女士。根据句意和汉语提示应填qualified“有资格的”，qualified for“有担任……的资格”作定语，修饰lady，故填qualified。54. Paris and Berlin are the capital cities of France and Germany, ________(分别). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】respectively【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意：巴黎和柏林分别是法国和德国的首都。根据汉意提示，此处应为副词respectively，作状语，修饰整个句子。故填respectively。55. It was difficult to decide between the________(候选人). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】candidates【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：很难在候选人之间作出决定。根据汉意提示，应为名词candidate作宾语，且为可数名词，由between可知，候选人不止一个，应为复数。故填candidates。第二节应用文写作(共1题, 满分15分)56. 假设你是李华, 你校将开展一次主题为“低碳生活”的演讲比赛。请你用英语写一篇演讲稿, 内容包括: 1. 低碳生活的意义; 2. 你的做法;3. 你的呼吁。注意: 1. 词数 80 左右;2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】One possible version:Dear teachers and fellow students! Nowadays, continued greenhouse gas emissions have resulted in global warming, which requires the attention of people all over the world. As individuals, we can reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. As for me, I have made some small changes in my daily life. First, now I go to school by bike instead of taking a bus or having my parents drive me there. Moreover, whether at home or school, I turn off the lights whenever l am not using them. Besides, I often donate the used textbooks to the students of lower grades so that the papers will not be wasted. I genuinely believe that all these steps taken can help reduce my impact on the environment. In fact, the earth is our common and only home. So let’s take action to build a better and greener future for all of us! That’s all. Thank you!【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。你校将开展一次主题为“低碳生活”的演讲比赛。请你用英语写一篇演讲稿, 内容包括：1. 低碳生活的意义；2. 你的做法；3. 你的呼吁。【详解】1. 词汇积累导致：result in→contribute to首先：first→initially措施：steps→measures影响：impact→influence2. 句式拓展简单句变强调句原句：As individuals, we can reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.强调句：As individuals, it is by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce that we can reduce our “carbon footprint”.【点睛】【高分句型1】Nowadays, continued greenhouse gas emissions have resulted in global warming, which requires the attention of people all over the world. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)【高分句型2】Moreover, whether at home or school, I turn off the lights whenever l am not using them. (运用了whenever引导的让步状语从句)第三节读后续写(共1题, 满分25分)57. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。续写的词数应为 150词左右。One fall,my wife Elli and I had a single goal:to photograph polar bears.We were staying at a research camp outside"the polar bear capital of the world”－the town of Churchill in Manitoba, Canada.Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous.Polar bears-like all wild animals－should be photographed from a safe distance.When I'm face to face with a polar bear,I like it to be through a camera with a telephoto lens.But sometimes,that is easier said than done.This was one of those times.As Elli and I cooked dinner,a young male polar bear who was playing in a nearby lake sniffed, and smelled our garlic bread.The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp,which was surrounded by a high wire fence.He pulled and bit the wire.He stood on his back legs and pushed at the wooden fence posts. TerrifiedElli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew.We yelled at the bear,hit pots hard, and fired blank shotgun shells into the air Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off.Not this polar bear though-he just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws(爪子）I radioed the camp manager for help.He told me a helicopter was on its way,but it would be 30 minutes before it arrived.Making the best of this close encounter(相遇），I took some pictures or the bear.Eilt and I feared the fence wouldn't last through 30 more minutes of the bear's punishment.The camp manager suggested I use pepper spray.The spray burns the bears' eyes,but doesn't hurt them. So I approached our uninvited guest slowly and.through the fence,sprayed him in the face.With an angry roar(吼叫），the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes.Para 1.A few minutes later,the bear headed back to our camp.Para 2.At that very moment,the helicopter arrived.【答案】A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp. Roars and screams pierced the silence with needle-like shrillness. The noises turned Elli and I pale with horror. I feared that the giant would destroy our whole fence. He roared repeatedly, shattering what was left of the silence. Elli seized this opportunity to take somepictures of the bear. The animal’s noises echoed all around us. We betrayed our feelings by huddling together, shivering with fear. After thoroughly scrutinizing the area, he trotted forward a few steps.At that very moment, the helicopter arrived. My heart leaped with joy as I knew we were likely to be saved. Elli used pepper spray again to buy us enough time. But this time the bear became more alert. He regarded us with the merciless necessity of hunger, so we throw all the food we have. He then turned away and started devouring. As we were climbing the rope ladder, Elli prayed like thousand times to show thankfulness of being safe and sound.【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了人与熊对抗，之后成功脱险的故事。【详解】主人公的感情线变化为：兴奋渴望→惊恐→放松。剧情线以主人公如何与北极熊周旋并成功摆脱它展开。具体思路如下：由第一段的段首提示句可知：几分钟后，熊又回到营地。接下来可通过场景渲染，描写当时令人颤栗惊恐的画面，例如“Roars and screams pierced the silence with needle-like shrillness.”这不仅合理地描写了熊的反应，也描绘出让人战栗的场景。要注意与第二段首句的衔接。由第二段的段首提示句可知：此时，直升机到了。如果想要进行续写两段的合理衔接，第一段的结尾可描写成“After thoroughly scrutinizing the area, the bear trotted forward a few steps.”这样可以营造出危急的场景。“我们”看到直升机的到来，感到绝处逢生的喜悦，可以以人物心理描写作为第二段的开头，重点描写喜极而泣的状态，例如“My heart leaped with joy as I knew we were likely to be saved.”最后，结尾部分需要迅速收束，并说明成功逃脱的结局。【点睛】本文续写内容与原文高度契合，使用了高级词汇和句子，尤其突出的是，场景和心理描写传神到位，如：Roars and screams pierced the silence with needle-like shrillness.，又如He roared repeatedly, shattering what was left of the silence.，这不仅合理地描写了熊的动作，也渲染出让人战栗的场景，让读者有极强的代入感；再如As we were climbing the rope ladder, Elli prayed like thousand times to show thankfulness of being safe and sound.传神地描绘出了Elli对于绝处逢生感到难以言表的喜悦和对救援的感激之情，等等。