高考英语总复习语法专题2第3讲构词法学案

这是一份高考英语总复习语法专题2第3讲构词法学案，共8页。
第3讲　构词法考点1　形容词变副词的规律1. 一般情况加ly。如：real→really; careful→carefully; polite→politely; quick→quickly2. 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，将y改为i，再加ly。如：angry→angrily; busy→busily; heavy→heavily3. 以ble结尾的，将ble改为bly。如：probable→probably; possible→possibly4. 部分以“辅音字母＋e”结尾的词，去掉e再加ly。如：true→truly5. 以ic结尾的，加ally。如：basic→basically；energetic→energetically有的名词＋ly→形容词，如：friend→friendly; day→daily考点2　动词/名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词ableaccept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable舒适的fashion→fashionable时髦的almusic→musical音乐的origin→original最初的person→personal个人的；私人的fuldoubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的ibleaccess→accessible易得到的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的response→responsible 有责任的；负责的iveeffect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive给人深刻印象的ouscontinue→continuous不断的；持续的anxiety→anxious忧虑的curiosity→curious好奇的sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome麻烦的ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的erneast→eastern东方的；向东的ishchild→childish孩子气的fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的icscience→scientific科学的economy→economic经济的history→historic历史上著名的aryimagine→imaginary想象中的考点3　动词变名词的后缀后缀例词alapprove→approval赞成；批准arrive→arrival到来；到达survive→survival幸存anceenceappear→appearance出现；外貌perform→performance表演；节目exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏爱iontionationcompete→competition比赛；竞争invite→invitation邀请；请柬explain→explanation解释(ss)iondiscuss→discussion讨论；辩论decide→decision决定admit→admission接纳；准许入学inghear→hearing听力；听觉begin→beginning开始mentachieve→achievement功绩；成就argue→argument辩论；论据treat→treatment对待；治疗ureturefail→failure失败；未做press→pressure压力mix→mixture混合；混合物yrecover→recovery恢复；痊愈discover→discovery发现其他choose→choice选择vary→variety多样化；种类tend→tendency趋向；趋势考点4　形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshort→shortage不足；短缺cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流畅private→privacy隐私；私密domfree→freedom自由；自在wise→wisdom明智；智慧cedifferent→difference差异silent→silence沉默nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点kind→kindness仁慈；好意careless→carelessness粗心大意thgrow→growth成长；生长warm→warmth温暖；热情ytyitydifficult→difficulty困难safe→safety安全real→reality现实考点5　表示人的后缀后缀例词erteach→teacher老师village→villager村民strange→stranger陌生人(注意：cook→cooker炉灶，炉具)arlie→liar说谎者eeemploy→employee受雇者；雇员interview→interviewee被面试者train→trainee受训练的人；学员orinvent→inventor发明家act→actor男演员educate→educator教育家；教师essact→actress女演员host→hostess女主人；女主持人eseChina→Chinese中国人Japan→Japanese日本人nAmerica→American美国人Australia→Australian澳大利亚人ianmusic→musician音乐家history→historian历史学家politics→politician政治家；政客istnovel→novelist小说家special→specialist专家tour→tourist旅行者；观光者antserve→servant仆人participate→participant参加者assist→assistant助手；助理考点6　表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀disagree→disagree不同意advantage→disadvantage缺点illegal→illegal不合法的logical→illogical不合逻辑的impolite→impolite无礼的patient→impatient不耐烦的informal→informal非正式的convenient→inconvenient不方便的irregular→irregular不规则的responsible→irresponsible不负责任的mislead→mislead误导understand→misunderstand误解nonsmoker→nonsmoker不吸烟者stop→nonstop直达的unusual→unusual不寻常的willing→unwilling不愿意的后缀lesshope→hopeless绝望的end→endless没完没了的 考点7　变动词的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀enable→enable使能够large→enlarge扩大rich→enrich使充实后缀enbroad→broaden(使)变宽ripe→ripen(使)成熟sharp→sharpen使尖锐wide→widen加宽ifyclass→classify把……分类just→justify证明……正确simple→simplify简化iseapology→apologise道歉emphasis→emphasise强调考点8　­ed形容词和­ing形容词一些动词，如amaze, move, excite, disappoint, encourage, puzzle, surprise, confuse, interest, satisfy, please, shock, astonish, disturb, bore等，其­ing形式和­ed形式都能转化为形容词。The story was very moving and we were deeply moved.这个故事非常感人，我们都被深深地感动了。此类形容词作定语修饰表情和声音时的区别：动词­ing形式用来说明主语的特性，表示该表情或声音令人怎么样，因此译作“令人……的”；动词­ed形式用来说明发出该表情或声音的人所处的一种状态。 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空1. (2021·浙江卷6月)In 1844 they bought it for $1，200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage (marry) ceremony in 1842.2. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Chinese New Year is a celebration (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.3. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will undoubtedly (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 4. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.5. (2019·全国Ⅲ卷)They also shared with us many traditional (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.Ⅱ. 语法填空(2021·江苏南京三模)Backpack China’s Silk RoadThis is not a voyage that many travellers experience; it's often overlooked in favour of more accessible and famous destinations in China. But for adventurous travellers looking for something 1. truly (true)different, backpacking China's Silk Road brings glorious rewards.In history, the Silk Road included many routes that connected east and south Asia to Mediterranean Europe, so 2. named (name)because the largest goods traded down the route were Chinese silk.Several historical 3. branches (branch) in the road mean that you have options when 4. deciding (decide) your route. China's northwest is historically one of 5. its (it) least connected regions. The Jiayu pass, where the impressive Jiayuguan Fort was built in the 1370s, 6. marks (mark) the end of the Great Wall.The region spreads over 2，400 km, most of 7. which is separated by vast areas of desert. The region is now connected by high­speed rail, making getting around 8. an easy thing. If taking an overnight train trip, equip yourself 9. with food and plenty of bottled water before you start. Trains also usually sell beer and wine, but at high prices, so be sure to pack your own, as having a ganbei is a great way 10. to meet (meet) locals and make friends while travelling.Ⅲ. 写作运用根据汉语提示补全作文， 并注意其中的词性转换。Dear Tom，At present，there are many foreigners learning Chinese, because China 1. is playing an important part in the world (在世界上起着重要的作用). It is with a good command of Chinese that you will get a better understanding of China, 2. a country with a long history of more than 5，000 years(一个有着5，000多年历史的国家)．As for the advice on learning Chinese, I would say there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world. Therefore, 3. speaking Chinese fluently (流利地说汉语) should be based on hard work. To begin with, 4. make good use of every opportunity (充分利用每一个机会) to practise Chinese — the more you use Chinese, the better you will learn it. 5. Most importantly (最重要地), even if many problems may come up in learning Chinese, you should not give up.Yours，Li Hua