高考英语总复习语法专题4第2讲定语从句学案

这是一份高考英语总复习语法专题4第2讲定语从句学案，共5页。学案主要包含了技巧点拨等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第2讲　定语从句考点1　关系代词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词的基本用法关系代词先行词在从句中的作用who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语The air that we breathe in is getting fresher and fresher.我们吸进的空气变得越来越新鲜。His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week.他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。2. that和which的用法区别只用that的情况先行词是all, few, little, much, anything, nothing等不定代词时先行词被the only, the very, the same, all等修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时先行词既有人又有物时只用which的情况引导非限制性定语从句时关系代词指物，且前有介词时China in Classics attracts so many audiences, which means that it becomes more and more popular in China.《典籍里的中国》吸引了那么多的观众，这意味着它在中国越来越受欢迎。3. as和which的区别asas引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see, know, expect, say, mention, report等whichwhich引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系“You can't judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相。”as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such, so, as或the same等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。考点2　关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词先行词在从句中的作用when时间名词时间状语where地点名词或抽象名词(situation, point, activity, case, stage等)地点状语whythe reason原因状语We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.我们将把公园野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday?你知道他昨天没有参加会议的原因吗？考点3　“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon/on which school education depends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.在9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。2. “名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。3. 在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。The newly­built café， the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。【技巧点拨】1. 确定是定语从句设空处无提示词；空前的主句完整，空后的句子不完整；且对设空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。2. 掌握“3步法”解题技巧(1)分清限制与非限制。在先行词的后面出现逗号的，是非限制性定语从句。(2)寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间、地点还是原因)。(3)判断所缺成分，确定关系词。Ⅰ. 单句语法填空1. (2021·浙江卷1月)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool that/which gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 2. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.3. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.4. (2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, which she opened with her late husband Les.5. (2019·全国Ⅲ卷)They were well trained by their masters who/that had great experience with caring for these animals.Ⅱ. 语法填空(2021·湖南张家界高三模拟)A group of archaeologists (考古学家) has found the largest ancient city ever discovered in Egypt, 1. dating (date) back 3，000 years. The city, named “The Rise of Aten”， 2. was discovered (discover) under the sand on the western bank of Luxor, lead archaeologist Zahi Hawass said in a statement. It dates to the reign (统治) of King Amenhotep Ⅲ， who ruled Egypt 3. between 1391 and 1353 BCE, according to the statement. “It was the largest administrative (行政的) and industrial settlement in the era of the 4. Egyptian (Egypt) empire，” Hawass said. Archaeologists found houses on both sides of the city's streets, 5. with walls up to 10 feet high and rooms 6. filled (fill) with tools of daily life. The team also found a large bakery (面包房), complete with ovens and storage pottery, 7. whose size suggests it was used 8. to provide (provide) food for a “very large number of workers and employees”. Other 9. discoveries (discover) include the skeleton (人体骨骼) of a person 10. buried (bury) with arms stretched out to the side and rope wrapped around the knees.Ⅲ. 写作运用根据汉语提示补全下面写作， 注意定语从句的运用。Dear Chris，I know that you want to participate in our Chinese club in our school, 1. which needs to show talents (这个俱乐部需要展示才艺) with characteristics. And I am writing to advise you to take up a cooking course full of the Chinese taste, 2. which can arouse Chinese people's great awareness to Chinese food (这可以唤起中国人对中国食物的强烈意识). 3. As we all know (众所周知), we Chinese people attach great importance to eating. If you can introduce a dish, I believe they can be attracted a lot. Moreover, learning to cook is 4. an amazing thing that/which is for all of us (对我们所有人来说是一件了不起的事)．Best wishes to you! I hope you will make it.Yours，Li Hua