河南省濮阳市2022-2023学年高三上学期毕业班阶段性测试（二）英语试题（含解析）

河南省濮阳市2022-2023学年高三上学期毕业班阶段性测试（二）英语试题

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解

One-Day Shanghai Mini-Group Tour

A mini group consists of I to 6 persons, with lowest group price and attentive service. Provide free bottled drinking water with unlimited supplies.

Detailed Schedule

Departure：Tuesday/Thursday/Saturday/Sunday

Tour Price(US $ Per Person)

Adult(＞11 years old)$119

Child(3-11 years old)＄109

Price Includes

●Pick-up & drop-off from the hotel.

●Entrance fees

●Professional English-speaking guide

●Experienced driver & air-conditioned vehicle

●Unlimited bottles of drinking water

Price Excludes

●Meals, advice freely available

●Tips for guide and driver

Booking Policy

●Payment：Full payment is required at least two days before the day trip. We accept payment by Credit Card, Alipay, WeChat and Bank Transfer.

●Cancellation：Your payment is fully refundable (可退款的) if you cancel more than 24 hours before the trip. Cancellation within 24 hours or any unused portion after the day trip begins is non-refundable.

●Guests under the age of 80 can participate.

1．What is free in the trip?

A．Lunch B．Bottled water.

C．Accommodations. D．Downtown parking.

2．What might the visitors be doing at 15:00?

A．Visiting a famous garden. B．Walking along the Bund.

C．Wandering on a bridge. D．Standing on Shanghai Tower.

3．What can we know about the trip?

A．It is a guided trip. B．Anyone can take part.

C．It is refund able at any time. D．It departs every day.

It’s easy to think festivals are just about drinking and dancing, but festivals are also representatives of what a certain way of life thinks, the way they express themselves. I’ve been to over 60 festivals in 22 different countries, and I still want to experience more. One of the main reasons I enjoy going to international festivals so much is the fact that they are a microcosm of what they represent. Festivals are an opportunity to see as much as possible in a weekend into worlds so different, or even familiar, of my own.

Festivals are a fascinating insight into a group of individuals with a common understanding and the world they are living in. This is also one of the reasons I enjoy international festivals.

I ticked off a huge bucket list festival in Lake of Stars Festival in Malawi a few years ago. I was unwell and not my usual party self, but, it gave me the opportunity instead to sit and listen to the local poets. Through their poetry they enlightened me to some of the issues of the day — calling out their “fat government” and covering everything from housing, to relationships, to the nominal (名义上的) opportunities.

The importance of celebrating festivals abroad isn’t just to gather with your “tribe”. What I learned in a few poems at Lake of Stars Festival were fascinating insights into modern social issues and the Malawi of the present, which I would have had to dig deep to find out. And I probably wouldn’t have bothered to, to be honest.

Even if only for a weekend, what I learned there from the poets and artists gave me a better understanding of what life was like in Malawi.

You never know what you’re going to learn when you visit a new festival. That’s all part of the fun and expectation.

Comedy makes current social issues fun, music makes them melodic (有旋律的), while poetry makes them considered and heartfelt. Festivals bring you them all.

4．What does the underlined word “microcosm” in paragraph 1 probably mean?

A．Different view. B．Mixed reaction.

C．Rare opportunity. D．Small world.

5．Why does the author like experiencing worldwide festivals?

A．He can learn about the world.

B．He likes having fun with others.

C．He expects to get job opportunities there.

D．He enjoys tasting a variety of drinks and food.

6．What does the author think of Lake of Stars Festival?

A．Commercial B．Instructive

C．Informal. D．Huge.

7．What is stressed in the text?

A．The author’s wishes. B．The greatness of poets.

C．The significance of festivals. D．The differences between festivals.

Health care leaders in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, have joined forces to encourage community members to get the COVID -19 vaccine (疫苗). It’s all part of a campaign called “Trust Your dock. Get the Shot!” The participating doctors say this message is more important than ever as COVID-19 case numbers, hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions and deaths rise, fall and rise again in Hattiesburg and across the state.

In Forrest County, where Hattiesburg is located, just over 38% of the population is fully vaccinated against COVID -19. In Mississippi, not quite 54% of the population is partially vaccinated, ranking it 48th among the 50 states. Only Idaho and Wyoming have lower COVID-19 vaccination races.

A “Trust Your Doc” website highlights educational and inspirational messages and recommendations about COVID -19 vaccination from trusted voice’s in Hattiesburg’s medical community. These health care professionals acknowledge that people may have questions about getting the COVID -19 vaccine and booster and encourage those who do to reach out to a trusted physician in making the decision.

Steven Farrell, M. D．, chief medical officer at Forrest General Hospital, is one of the “trusted voiced” featured on the website. His message to the community: “I’ve done a lot of research, and all the science tells us that if you get COVID-19 and you were fully vaccinated, you reduce your chances of getting sick enough to go into the hospitals; you reduce your chances of going into the ICU. Please, get vaccinated for yourself and for those you care about.”

For those “still on the fence” about getting vaccinated, Cherie Papizan, an internal medicine specialist at the hospital, shared this message: “I got vaccinated and millions have taken the step like I have and are doing fine. By getting vaccinated, you are also helping keep our hospitals and health care workers from becoming overwhelmed (压垮) with patients. There is peace of mind that comes with knowing you’ve done your part.”

The “Trust Your dos” website featured a friendly, person-centric design that enhanced the user experience. It links directly to a variety of locations—including many clinics—where people can make an appointment to get their initial COVID-19 shots or booster.

8．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?

A．The low vaccination rates. B．People’s disbelief in the vaccine.

C．The necessity of the vaccination. D．The seriousness of COVID-19.

9．How does the author develop paragraphs 4 and 5?

A．By using famous sayings. B．By analyzing cause and effect.

C．By sharing opinions. D．By asking and answering questions.

10．How can people feel about Steven Farrell’s message?

A．Worried. B．Ambitious.

C．Frightened. D．Inspired.

11．What can we infer from Cherie Papizan’s words?

A．Most people get involved in the campaign.

B．The hospitals will be overwhelmed with patients.

C．Getting vaccinated does no obvious harm to people.

D．Those “still on the fence” can have peace of mind.

Do you sometimes ignore your mom while chatting with friends? If you’re a teen, that’s fairly common. Young kids’ brains are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices. But as kids grow into teens, everything changes. Teenagers’ brains are now more tuned in to strangers’ voices than their own moms’, new research shows.

Daniel Abrams, a neuroscientist at Stanford University School of Medicine, and his team scanned the brains of 7-to 16-year-olds as they listened to things said by their mothers or by unfamiliar women. The words were: teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt. Using such nonsense words allowed the scientists to study voices on their own, not what they were saying. As the kids listened, certain parts of their brains became active. This was especially true in brain regions that help us to detect rewards and pay attention.

Abrams and his colleagues already knew that younger kids’ brains respond more strongly to their moms’ voices than to strangers’. For teens, these brain regions respond more to unfamiliar voices than to their moms’. This shift most seems to happen between ages 13 and 14.

These areas in the adolescent brain don’t stop responding to moms’ voices. It’s just that unfamiliar voices become more rewarding and worthy of attention. Here’s why: As kids grow up, they expand their social connections way beyond their family. So their brains need to begin paying more attention to that wider world.

But mothers’ voices still have special power, especially in times of stress, one 2011 study in girls showed. Levels of stress dropped when these stressed-out girls heard their moms’ voices on the phone. The same wasn’t true for texts from the moms.

The brain seems to adapt to new needs that come with adolescence. “As we mature, our survival relies less and less on moms’ support,” says Leslie Seltzer. Instead, she says, we rely more and more on our peers-friends and others closer to our own age.

So while both teens and their parents may sometimes feel frustrated by missed messages, that’s okay.

12．What were the subjects asked to do in the experiment?

A．Communicate with strangers. B．Study voice on their own.

C．Identify their moms’ voice. D．Listen to meaningless words.

13．What can help reduce a girl’s stress according to the text?

A．An unfamiliar voice. B．Her friends’ comfort.

C．Her mom’s telephone call. D．Her mom’s text message

14．What lesson can readers learn from the text?

A．Kids can improve their voice recognition ability.

B．Parents can reduce conflicts with their teenagers.

C．Parents can know how to better meet their kids’ needs.

D．Strangers can find better ways to communicate with others.

15．What might be the best title for the text?

A．Why Teens Become Rude to Their Parents

B．How Teens Tell moms’ voice from strangers’

C．Why Teens Can’t Help Tuning Out Moms’ voice

D．What Makes moms’ Voice Different from strangers’

二、七选五

A plane black box or flight data recorder is the instrument that records the performance and condition of an aircraft in flight. There are two recorders in the plane and in the media, they are called black boxes, They play an important role in the investigation of plane accidents ___16___

The newer versions of the black boxes require storing a minimum of 25 hours of flight information. As for the voice recorder, it required recording a minimum of 2 hours of audio information. ___17___ Putting them there increased their chances of survival.

Contrary to popular belief, the black box is mostly bright orange, not black. ___18___ One theory is that early black boxes have been used on mail runs and military flights to store secret communications, Another guess is that it is black because it sits quietly.

The name “Black Boxes” may have originated in early engineering design philosophies, where boxes that contained electronic components were referred to as “black boxes” or possibly their original color was black. ___19___ The main reason is to help search and recovery teams to find the recorders. It’s easier to spot when searching an accident scene.

 ___20___ Made of a special metal, the plane box can operate without electricity for 30 days. In addition, it can withstand temperatures as high as 11,000℃. If this box is lost, it will continue to send signals for about 30 days. The investigators can identify the signals from a distance of roughly 2-3 kilometers.

A．How is the plane box made?

B．Then how can a black box play its role?

C．This is mainly because flights nowadays usually last long.

D．There are many assumptions about naming it a black box.

E．And both black boxes a usually fixed in the plane’s tail

F．So they must be in every aircraft whatever kind of aircraft it is

G．But why was the black color changed to orange?

三、完形填空

Daniel Gill has been helping to open young minds as a teacher. He has always been a champion for civil rights because he grew up ___21___ the ugly effects of segregation (种族隔离) and prejudice.

In the 1950s, 9-year-old Daniel was ___22___ to a birthday party. He and Archie, who was black, ___23___ at the party with presents, excited to see their ___24___ , but the birthday boy’s mother met them at the door. She told Daniel that he could ___25___ , but that there “weren’t enough ___26___ ” for Archie to attend.

Daniel ___27___ to sit on the floor so they both could celebrate their friend’s birthday, but she ___28___ . The boys broke down when they realized that what the boy’s mother said ___29___ meant that a black child was not ___30___ in her home. They both left in tears, and the ___31___ stuck with Daniel for his whole life.

Since he became a teacher, he has been keeping a (n) ___32___ chair in his classroom. Every year when he ___33___ his lesson around Martin Luther King Jr.’s birthday, he tells his students the ___34___.

Daniel says that students tend to ___35___ through symbols, so he keeps the chair there to remind them that everyone can enter his ___36___.

At a recent festival he mentioned a book idea called “No More Chairs” to publishers, hoping to take his ___37___ of inclusion and acceptance to an even ___38___ audience.

Daniel’s story is powerful, and it is a (n) ___39___ that we are all responsible for making the people around us feel comfortable, and ___40___.

21．A．causing B．tracking C．promoting D．witnessing

22．A．forced B．invited C．shown D．sent

23．A．took off B．looked around C．gave in D．turned up

24．A．friends B．teachers C．parents D．relatives

25．A．go away B．sit down C．pass by D．come in

26．A．tickets B．chairs C．dishes D．rooms

27．A．volunteered B．managed C．agreed D．happened

28．A．admitted B．hesitated C．refused D．failed

29．A．actually B．eventually C．slightly D．occasionally

30．A．free B．confident C．welcome D．reliable

31．A．chance B．advice C．idea D．feeling

32．A．empty B．old C．valuable D．comfortable

33．A．prepares B．reviews C．teaches D．assesses

34．A．challenge B．reason C．news D．course

35．A．search B．communicate C．respond D．learn

36．A．home B．classroom C．party D．office

37．A．message B．schedule C．level D．measure

38．A．friendlier B．larger C．healthier D．younger

39．A．honor B．phenomenon C．reminder D．promise

40．A．quiet B．active C．equal D．competitive

四、用单词的适当形式完成短文

阅读下面短文, 在空白处入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In recent years, there have been many attempts ___41___ (record) the details of the surface of the Moon. However, none has been as comprehensive as the map released by the Chinese Academy of Sciences on June 14, 2022.

This map ___42___ (create) using 15 years of data which was collected from the ongoing Chinese Lunar Exploration Program. Chinese geologists (地质学家) also used information from lunar exploration missions (任务) ___43___ (conduct) by the US, Japan, and India.

The map identifies the precise locations of every known lunar rock, basin, and structure. Geological ___44___ (discovery) made at the sampling sites of the historic 1969—1972 Apollo mission ___45___ the landing site of the 2020 Chang’e 5 mission—where the youngest lunar rock known to date was found-are also marked.

The researchers believe the thorough lunar map will contribute ___46___ (significant) to scientific research. The map will also be ___47___ reliable tool for finding safe landing places for future lunar missions.

Meanwhile, the European Space Agency focused its efforts ___48___ creating “the most accurate complete multidimensional map of the Milky Way.” Its information will give astronomers a ___49___ (far) understanding of the evolution of our galaxy. It will also help ___50___ (they) better understand the life cycle of stars.

五、短文改错

51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文. 文中共 有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处.每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加删除或修改

增加: 在缺词处加—个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词.

删除： 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉.

修改： 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词.

注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分

Mom was cooking while I was playing in my bedroom. All of the sudden, I heard my mom calling me. It was turned out that she asked me to buy some salts at the grocery store. I hesitated for a while. But see there was no one to depend, I had to do it by myself. I put on my shoes, took out an umbrella and walked out. When I went downstairs, I met a neighbor, whom asked me why I was going out on such hot a day. After I explained the reason, she said that I had several bags at home and offer to give me one. She was a true kind woman.

六、建议信

52．假定你是李华，最近有很多关于游水事件的报道，请你向校英文报投稿呼吁同学们珍爱生命，远离溺水。内容包括:

1.陈述现象；

2.提出建议；

3.发出呼吁。

注意: 1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。

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参考答案：

1．B    2．A    3．A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了上海一日游的相关信息。

1．细节理解题。根据首段末句“Provide free bottled drinking water with unlimited supplies. (免费提供瓶装饮用水，无限量供应。)”可知，瓶装水是免费的。故选B。

2．细节理解题。根据表格中“13:00—16:00 Visit Yu Garden to enjoy the landscape of the classical southern Chinese gardens. (13点——16点 参观豫园，欣赏中国古典南方园林的景观。)”可知。在15点时，游客可以参观豫园。故选A。

3．细节理解题。根据Price Includes部分中的“Professional English-speaking guide (专业英语导游)”可知，这是一个有导游的旅行。故选A。

4．D    5．A    6．B    7．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过讲述自己喜欢体验各国节日的爱好和经历告诉人们节日的重要意义。

4．词句猜测题。根据第一段最后两句“One of the main reasons I enjoy going to international festivals so much is the fact that they are a microcosm of what they represent. Festivals are an opportunity to see as much as possible in a weekend into worlds so different, or even familiar, of my own. (我非常喜欢参加国际音乐节的一个主要原因是，它们是它们所代表的东西的microcosm。节日是一个机会，让我在周末尽可能多地看到不同的世界，甚至是熟悉的世界)”可知，作者在会通过节日看到不同的世界。由此推知，节日是它们所代表的东西的“小世界”。故选D。

5．细节理解题。根据首段末句“Festivals are an opportunity to see as much as possible in a weekend into worlds so different, or even familiar, of my own. (节日是一个机会，让我在周末尽可能多地看到不同的世界，甚至是熟悉的世界)”可知，作者喜欢体验世界各地的节日是因为节日可以让他了解这个世界。故选A。

6．推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“What I learned in a few poems at Lake of Stars Festival were fascinating insights into modern social issues and the Malawi of the present, which I would have had to dig deep to find out. (在星光湖音乐节上，我从几首诗中学到了对现代社会问题和马拉维现状的深刻见解，这是我必须深入挖掘才能找到的)”可知，星光湖音乐节让我从几首诗中学到了对现代社会问题和马拉维现状的深刻见解。由此推知，这个节日很具有教育指导意义。故选B。

7．推理判断题。根据首段首句“It’s easy to think festivals are just about drinking and dancing, but festivals are also representatives of what a certain way of life thinks, the way they express themselves. (人们很容易认为节日只是喝酒跳舞，但节日也是某种生活方式的代表，他们表达自己的方式)”以及第二段“Festivals are a fascinating insight into a group of individuals with a common understanding and the world they are living in. This is also one of the reasons I enjoy international festivals. (节日是对一群有着共同理解的人以及他们生活的世界的一种迷人的洞察。这也是我喜欢国际节日的原因之一)”可推知，作者要强调的是节日的意义：是某种生活方式的代表；是表达自己的方式；是对一群有着共同理解的人以及他们生活的世界的一种迷人的洞察。故选C。

8．A    9．C    10．D    11．C

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了密西西比州Hattiesburg的卫生保健领导人联合起来鼓励社区成员接种新冠肺炎疫苗的一项行动。

8．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“In Forrest County, where Hattiesburg is located, just over 38% of the population is fully vaccinated against COVID -19. In Mississippi, not quite 54% of the population is partially vaccinated, ranking it 48th among the 50 states. Only Idaho and Wyoming have lower COVID-19 vaccination races.(在Hattiesburg所在的Forrest县，刚刚超过38%的人口接种了全面的COVID -19疫苗。在密西西比州，不到54%的人口接种了部分疫苗，在50个州中排名第48位。只有爱达荷州和怀俄明州的COVID-19疫苗接种率较低。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是疫苗接种率低。故选A。

9．推理判断题。根据第四段的“His message to the community: “I’ve done a lot of research, and all the science tells us that if you get COVID-19 and you were fully vaccinated, you reduce your chances of getting sick enough to go into the hospitals; you reduce your chances of going into the ICU. Please, get vaccinated for yourself and for those you care about.”(他向社区传达的信息是:“我做了很多研究，所有的科学都告诉我们，如果你感染了COVID-19，并且你接种了全面疫苗，你就会减少生病到需要住院的机会；你进重症监护室的几率就会降低。请为你自己和你关心的人接种疫苗。”)”和第五段的“For those “still on the fence” about getting vaccinated, Cherie Papizan, an internal medicine specialist at the hospital, shared this message: “I got vaccinated and millions have taken the step like I have and are doing fine. By getting vaccinated, you are also helping keep our hospitals and health care workers from becoming overwhelmed (压垮) with patients. There is peace of mind that comes with knowing you’ve done your part.”(对于那些对接种疫苗“仍持观望态度”的人，该医院的内科专家Cherie Papizan分享了这样的信息:“我接种了疫苗，数百万人像我一样迈出了这一步，而且情况良好。通过接种疫苗，你们也在帮助我们的医院和医护人员避免因病人而不堪重负。知道自己尽了自己的一份力，内心就会平静下来。”)”可知，作者通过分享观点来展开第四段和第五段。故选C。

10．推理判断题。根据第四段的“His message to the community: “I’ve done a lot of research, and all the science tells us that if you get COVID-19 and you were fully vaccinated, you reduce your chances of getting sick enough to go into the hospitals; you reduce your chances of going into the ICU. Please, get vaccinated for yourself and for those you care about.”(他向社区传达的信息是:“我做了很多研究，所有的科学都告诉我们，如果你感染了COVID-19，并且你接种了全面疫苗，你就会减少生病到需要住院的机会；你进重症监护室的几率就会降低。请为你自己和你关心的人接种疫苗。”)”可知，疫苗能够起到预防新冠肺炎、降低进医院和ICU的可能性，因此人们会受到鼓舞，故选D。

11．推理判断题。根据第五段的“I got vaccinated and millions have taken the step like I have and are doing fine.(我接种了疫苗，数以百万计的人像我一样迈出了这一步，并且过得很好。)”可知，我们能从Cherie Papizan的话中推断出接种疫苗对人没有明显的伤害。故选C。

12．D    13．C    14．B    15．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过一项新研究解释为什么青少年会忽略母亲的声音而更容易对陌生人的声音敏感。研究者认为这是大脑活动的正常现象，不必为此担忧。

12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Daniel Abrams, a neuroscientist at Stanford University School of Medicine, and his team scanned the brains of 7-to 16-year-olds as they listened to things said by their mothers or by unfamiliar women. The words were: teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt. Using such nonsense words allowed the scientists to study voices on their own, not what they were saying.(斯坦福大学医学院的神经科学家Daniel Abrams和他的团队让7至16岁的孩子听母亲或陌生女性说话，并对他们的大脑进行了扫描。这些词是：teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt和peebudieshawlt。使用这些无意义的词可以让科学家们研究声音本身，而不是他们说的内容)”可知，研究人员让参加实验者听一些无意义的词。故选D项。

13．细节理解题。根据第五段“But mothers’ voices still have special power, especially in times of stress, one 2011 study in girls showed. Levels of stress dropped when these stressed-out girls heard their moms’ voices on the phone. The same wasn’t true for texts from the moms.(但2011年一项针对女孩的研究显示，母亲的声音仍然具有特殊的力量，尤其是在压力时期。当这些压力过大的女孩在电话里听到妈妈的声音时，她们的压力水平下降了。而来自母亲的短信则不能这样)”可知，妈妈的声音可以缓解女孩的压力，文字没有这种效果。由此可知，C项的“母亲打电话”可以令女孩听到妈妈的声音，从而缓解女孩的压力。故选C项。

14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So while both teens and their parents may sometimes feel frustrated by missed messages, that’s okay.(因此，虽然青少年和他们的父母有时会因为错失的信息而感到沮丧，但是没关系的)”可知，父母有时发现孩子对自己说的话置若罔闻，就像没听到意义，感到很生气或很沮丧，作者建议父母遇到这种情况，不要放在心上，这是孩子生理发展中的正常现象。家长明白这一点，就不要和孩子生气，避免矛盾。故选B项。

15．标题判断题。根据第一段“Do you sometimes ignore your mom while chatting with friends? If you’re a teen, that’s fairly common. Young kids’ brains are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices. But as kids grow into teens, everything changes. Teenagers’ brains are now more tuned in to strangers’ voices than their own moms’, new research shows.(你有时会在和朋友聊天的时候忽略你的妈妈吗？如果你是青少年，这很常见。小孩子的大脑对母亲的声音很敏感。但随着孩子们步入青少年，一切都变了。最新研究显示，青少年的大脑对陌生人的声音比对自己妈妈的声音更敏感)”可知，本文主要是针对青春期的孩子常常不自主地忽略母亲说话这一现象，介绍了一个研究发现，来解释为什么会这样，告诉大家这是孩子大脑发育过程中大脑活动的正常现象，父母没必要太伤心失望，C项“为什么青少年忍不住要去忽视妈妈的声音？”适合作文章标题。故选C项。

【点睛】

16．F    17．E    18．D    19．G    20．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了飞机黑匣子的功能和设计理念。

16．根据上文“There are two recorders in the plane and in the media, they are called black boxes. They play an important role in the investigation of plane accidents.(飞机上有两个记录仪，媒体称之为黑匣子。它们在调查飞机事故中发挥着重要作用）”可知此处说明了黑匣子的重要性，可以推测出每架飞机上都有黑匣子，故F选项“所以它们必须配备在每一架飞机上，不管它是什么类型的飞机”符合语境，故选F。

17．根据下文“Putting them there increases their chances of survival.(把它们放在那里会增加它们的幸存机会)”可知，本句是在说明黑匣子的位置，故E选项“两个黑匣子通常都固定在飞机尾部”符合语境，故选E。

18．根据下文“One theory is that early black boxes have been used on mail runs and military flights to store secret communications. Another guess is that it is black because it sits quietly.(有一种理论认为，早期的黑匣子被用于邮件运输和军事飞行中存储秘密通信。另一种猜测是，它是黑色的，因为它安静地放在那里)”可知，本句主要提出关于黑匣子命名的假设，故D选项“关于将其命名为黑匣子有很多假设”符合语境，故选D。

19．根据下文“The main reason is to help search and recovery learns to find the recorders. It’s easier to spot when searching an accident scene.(主要原因是为了帮助搜索和恢复学会找到记录器。搜索事故现场时更容易发现)”可知，本句应该是在问为什么，根据“It's easier to spot when searching an accident scene(在搜索事故现场时更容易发现)”可知颜色鲜艳，故G选项“但是为什么黑色变成了橙色呢？”符合语境，故选G。

20．根据本段内容“Made of a special metal, the plane box can operate without electricity for 30 days. In addition, it can withstand temperatures as high as 11,000℃. If this box is lost, it will continue to send signals for about 30 days. The investigators can identify the signals from a distance of roughly 2-3 kilometers.(黑匣子由一种特殊金属制成，可以在没有电的情况下工作30天。此外，它可以承受高达11000℃的温度。如果丢失了，它会继续发送信号大约30天。调查人员可以从大约2-3公里的距离识别信号)”可知，本段讲的是黑匣子怎么发挥作用，故B选项“那么黑匣子是如何发挥作用的呢？”符合语境，故选B。

21．D    22．B    23．D    24．A    25．D    26．B    27．A    28．C    29．A    30．C    31．D    32．A    33．C    34．B    35．D    36．B    37．A    38．B    39．C    40．C

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。丹尼尔小时候经历了黑人孩子被拒绝参加朋友生日聚会，后来成为教师后，他在班里放一把空椅子，以此来教育学生们要包容和接受，拒绝种族隔离和偏见。

21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一直是民权运动的捍卫者，因为他在成长过程中目睹了种族隔离和偏见带来的丑陋后果。A. causing造成；B. tracking跟踪；C. promoting促进；D. witnessing目睹。根据下文“The boys broke down when they realized that what the boy’s mother said 　9　 meant that a black child was not 　10　in her home.”可知，丹尼尔目睹了种族隔离和偏见。故选D。

22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在20世纪50年代，9岁的丹尼尔被邀请参加一个生日聚会。A. forced迫使；B. invited邀请；C. shown展示；D. sent发送。根据空后“to a birthday party”可知，被邀请去到一个生日聚会。故选B。

23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他和黑人阿奇带着礼物出现在派对上，很高兴见到他们的朋友，但小寿星的妈妈却在门口迎接他们。A. took off脱掉；B. looked around环顾四周；C. gave in屈服；D. turned up出现，露面。根据前文“In the 1950s, 9-year-old Daniel was 　2　 to a birthday party.”可知，被邀请了，所以出现在聚会上。故选D。

24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他和黑人阿奇带着礼物出现在派对上，很高兴见到他们的朋友，但小寿星的妈妈却在门口迎接他们。A. friends朋友；B. teachers老师；C. parents父母；D. relatives亲戚。根据后文“celebrate their friend’s birthday”可知，这是他们朋友的生日聚会。故选A。

25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她告诉丹尼尔，他可以进来，但“没有足够的椅子”让阿奇参加。A. go away走开；B. sit down坐下；C. pass by路过；D. come in进来。根据前文“the ugly effects of segregation (种族隔离) and prejudice”可知，这是关于种族偏见的故事，所以朋友妈妈让丹尼尔进去，但是却找借口不让阿奇进去。故选D。

26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她告诉丹尼尔，他可以进来，但“没有足够的椅子”让阿奇参加。A. tickets票；B. chairs椅子；C. dishes菜；D. rooms房间。根据后文“Daniel 　7　　 to sit on the floor so they both could celebrate their friend’s birthday”可知，丹尼尔主动和阿奇坐在地上，说明是没有足够的椅子。故选B。

27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：丹尼尔主动要求坐在地板上，这样他们俩就可以一起庆祝朋友的生日，但她拒绝了。A. volunteered自愿，主动；B. managed设法；C. agreed同意；D. happened发生。根据前文“there “weren’t enough 　　6　　 ” for Archie to attend”以及本句“so they both could celebrate their friend’s birthday”可知，朋友妈妈说没有阿奇的椅子了，所以为了庆祝朋友的派对，丹尼尔主动提出一起坐在地上。故选A。

28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：丹尼尔主动要求坐在地板上，这样他们俩就可以一起庆祝朋友的生日，但她拒绝了。A. admitted承认；B. hesitated犹豫；C. refused拒绝；D. failed失败。根据后文“The boys broke down when they realized that what the boy’s mother said 　9　 meant that a black child was not 　10　in her home.”可知，朋友妈妈是故意针对黑人阿奇的，所以她拒绝了丹尼尔和阿奇一起坐在地上。故选C。

29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当男孩们意识到男孩母亲的话实际上意味着黑人孩子在她家里不受欢迎时，他们崩溃了。A. actually事实上；B. eventually最终；C. slightly轻微；D. occasionally偶尔。根据本句“black child was not 　　10　　 in her home”可知，男孩们明白了朋友妈妈说没有多余椅子的真实含义。故选A。

30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当男孩们意识到男孩母亲的话实际上意味着黑人孩子在她家里不受欢迎时，他们崩溃了。A. free自由的；B. confident自信的；C. welcome欢迎的；D. reliable可靠的。根据前文“the ugly effects of segregation (种族隔离) and prejudice”可知，这是关于种族偏见的故事，所以黑人阿奇是不受欢迎的。故选C。

31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们都流着泪离开了，这种感觉伴随了丹尼尔的一生。A. chance机会；B. advice建议；C. idea主意；D. feeling感觉。根据前文“The boys broke down when they realized that what the boy’s mother said 　9　 meant that a black child was not 　10　in her home.”可知，这是一种不受欢迎的感觉。故选D。

32．查形容词词义辨析。句意：自从他当了老师，他一直在教室里放着一把空椅子。A. empty空的；B. old旧的；C. valuable有价值的；D. comfortable舒服的。根据前文“there “weren’t enough 　　6　　 ” for Archie to attend”可知，朋友妈妈曾以没有足够的椅子为借口不让阿奇进入，所以丹尼尔当了老师以后在教室里放着一把空椅子来提醒。故选A。

33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年当他在马丁·路德·金生日前后上课时，他都会告诉学生原因。A. prepares准备；B. reviews复习；C. teaches教；D. assesses评估。根据空后的宾语“his lesson”可知，应为动作“教”。故选C。

34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每年当他在马丁·路德·金生日前后上课时，他都会告诉学生原因。A. challenge挑战；B. reason原因；C. news新闻；D. course课程。根据前文“Since he became a teacher, he has been keeping a (n) 　12　　 chair in his classroom.”可知，丹尼尔老师会告诉学生放空椅子的原因。故选B。

35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：丹尼尔说，学生们倾向于通过符号来学习，所以他把椅子放在那里，提醒他们每个人都可以进入他的教室。A. search搜索；B. communicate交流；C. respond回应；D. learn学习。根据空前主语“students”可知，应为学生学习。故选D。

36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：丹尼尔说，学生们倾向于通过符号来学习，所以他把椅子放在那里，提醒他们每个人都可以进入他的教室。A. home家；B. classroom教室；C. party聚会；D. office办公室。根据前文“Since he became a teacher, he has been keeping a (n) 　　12　　 chair in his classroom.”可知，丹尼尔老师是把空椅子放在教室，提醒学生任何肤色的学生都可以进入他的教室。故选B。

37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一个节日上，他向出版商提到了一个名为“没有更多的椅子”的书的想法，希望把他的包容和接受的信息带给更多的读者。A. message信息；B. schedule安排；C. level层次；D. measure措施。根据空后可知“inclusion and acceptance”丹尼尔是要通过出版商把他的这种包容和接受的信息传递给更多的人。故选A。

38．查形容词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一个节日上，他向出版商提到了一个名为“没有更多的椅子”的书的想法，希望把他的包容和接受的信息带给更多的读者。A. friendlier友好的；B. larger大的；C. healthier健康的；D. younger年轻的。根据本句“he mentioned a book idea called “No More Chairs” to publishers”可知，丹尼尔是要通过出版商把他的这种包容和接受的信息传递给更多的读者。故选B。

39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：丹尼尔的故事很有力量，它提醒我们，我们都有责任让身边的人感到舒适和平等。A. honor荣幸；B. phenomenon现象；C. reminder提醒；D. promise承诺。根据空后“that we are all responsible for making the people around us feel comfortable, and 　　20　　.”可知，这是同位语从句，是具体提醒的内容。故选C。

40．查形容词词义辨析。句意：丹尼尔的故事很有力量，它提醒我们，我们都有责任让身边的人感到舒适和平等。A. quiet安静的；B. active积极的；C. equal平等的；D. competitive有竞争性的；根据首段“He has always been a champion for civil rights because he grew up 　　1　　 the ugly effects of segregation (种族隔离) and prejudice.”可知，丹尼尔是民权运动的捍卫者，为黑人的平等追求权利。故选C。

41．to record    42．was created    43．conducted    44．discoveries    45．and    46．significantly

    47．a    48．on    49．further    50．them

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲介绍的是一张中国科学院于2022年6月14日发布的月球地图。

41．考查不定式。句意：近年来，人们进行了许多尝试，试图记录月球表面的细节。attempt意为“尝试”，后跟不定式作后置定语，故填to record。

42．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：这张地图是用15年的数据绘制的，这些数据是从正在进行的中国月球探测计划中收集的。地图是被绘制，map和create之间是逻辑动宾关系，句子用被动语态，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语map是单数，因此空格处是was created。故填was created。

43．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国地质学家还使用了美国、日本和印度进行的月球探测任务的信息。句中谓语是used，空格处用非谓语动词，由by可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，故填conducted。

44．考查名词的复数。句意：在历史性的1969-1972年阿波罗任务的采样点和2020年嫦娥五号任务的着陆点（迄今为止已知最年轻的月球岩石的发现地点）的地质发现也被标记出来。由后面的are可知，此处discovery用复数，故填discoveries。

45．考查连词。句意：在历史性的1969-1972年阿波罗任务的采样点和2020年嫦娥五号任务的着陆点（迄今为止已知最年轻的月球岩石的发现地点）的地质发现也被标记出来。“sampling sites of the historic 1969—1972 Apollo mission”和“the landing site of the 2020 Chang’e 5 mission”之间是并列关系，因此空格处用and表并列，故填and。

46．考查副词。句意：研究人员认为，完整的月球地图将对科学研究做出重大贡献。空格处用副词significantly修饰动词contribute，意为“显著地”，故填significantly。

47．考查冠词。句意：该地图还将成为未来月球任务寻找安全着陆点的可靠工具。tool是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，reliable是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。

48．考查介词。句意：与此同时，欧洲航天局把精力集中在绘制“最精确、最完整的银河系多维地图”上。focus...on是固定短语，意为“把……集中在……上”，因此空格处是介词on，故填on。

49．考查比较级。句意：它的信息将使天文学家进一步了解我们星系的演化。根据语境可知，句子表示“它的信息将使天文学家进一步了解我们星系的演化”，空格处意为“进一步的”，是further。故填further。

50．考查代词。句意：这也将帮助他们更好地了解恒星的生命周期。空格处用宾格them作宾语，故填them。

51．1.the→a  2. 删掉turned前的was  3.salts→salt 4.see→seeing 5. depend后添加on

6.whom→who 7.such→so 8.I→she 9.offer→offered 10.true→truly

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了有一天天气炎热，他正在玩，妈妈让他出去买盐，作者不愿去又不得不去，下楼时碰到一个好心的邻居，这位邻居说自己家有好几袋盐，给了作者一袋盐。

【详解】1.考查冠词。句意：突然，我听到妈妈在叫我。固定短语all of a sudden意为“突然”相当于副词suddenly。故将the改为a。

2.考查语态。句意：原来是她让我去杂货店买盐。句型It turned out that...意为“结果证明，结果表明”，短语turn out不使用被动语态。故删掉turned前的was。

3.考查不可数名词。原来是她让我去杂货店买盐。salt意为“盐”是不可数名词。句意：故将salts改为salt。

4.考查非谓语动词。句意：但是看到没有人可以依靠，我不得不自己做这件事。动词see在句中作状语，与主语I为主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。故将see改为seeing。

5.考查介词。句意：但是看到没有人可以依靠，我不得不自己做这件事。固定短语depend on意为“依靠”在句中作后置定语，修饰代词no one，不可缺少on，no one与on为逻辑上的介宾关系。故在depend后添加on。

6.考查定语从句。句意：当我下楼时，我遇到了一个邻居，她问我为什么在这么热的天出去。在非限制性定语从句中，关系词指代先行词neighbor（表示人的名词）作主语，应使用主格who。故将whom改为who。

7.考查副词。句意：当我下楼时，我遇到了一个邻居，她问为什么在这么热的天出去。such为形容词，此处需要副词so修饰形容词hot。如果使用such应表示为“such a hot day”。故将such改为so。

8.考查代词。句意：在我解释了原因后，她说她家里有好几包盐，并提出给我一袋。根据语境，此处指这位女邻居说她自己家有富余的盐可以送给小作者。故将I改为she。

9.考查时态。句意：在我解释了原因后，她说她家里有好几包盐，并提出给我一袋。此处动词offer与asked并列作谓语动词，应使用一般过去时态。故将offer改为offered。

10.考查副词。句意：她是一个真正善良的女人。此处应使用副词修饰形容词kind。故将true改为truly。

52．Recently, there are many reports about drowning. It happened not only to children but also to adults, which is really heartbreaking. So I feel we all should learn to protect ourselves when in or around water.

Here is my advice: First of all, don’t swim in strange rivers or lakes. Besides, we shouldn’t go swimming alone. We must find a companion. At the same time, we can’t swim without parents’ permission. What’s more, if we can’t swim, we mustn’t get into the water to save a person. Cry out for help immediately .

Life is precious. We must value our lives and keep away from drowning.

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。你向校英文报投稿呼吁同学们珍爱生命，远离溺水。内容包括：1.陈述现象；2.提出建议；3.发出呼吁。

【详解】1. 词汇积累

认为：feel→argue

建议：advice→proposal

而且：what’s more→furthermore

重视：value→treasure

2. 句式拓展

简单句变复合句

原句：First of all, don’t swim in strange rivers or lakes.

复合句：First of all, it is advised that we shouldn’t swim in strange rivers or lakes.

【点睛】【高分句型1】It happened not only to children but also to adults, which is really heartbreaking. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)

【高分句型2】What’s more, if we can’t swim, we mustn’t get into the water to save a person. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句)