2023届上海市南洋中学高三英语三模英语试题（含解析）

2023届上海市南洋中学高三英语三模英语试题

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、用单词的适当形式完成短文

Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Fresh warning sounded on plastics problem

Walk along any beach in the world, no matter how isolated, and you will see plastic of some kind washed up on the shoreline, ____1____(offer) a reminder of the reckless throwaway culture of the present-day world.

Lately, a study ____2____ (sound) a fresh warning on the damage caused to the marine ecosystem due to discarded plastics, which eventually has a bearing on human health due to the seafood we consume.

In a paper ____3____(title) “A Growing Plastic Smog” published on March 8, 2023 in the peer-reviewed research journal Plos One, researchers called on governments around the world ____4____(take) sweeping action to address the “unprecedented plastic pollution” of the world’s oceans.

The plastics break down over time into minute particles that cannot be detected by the naked eye, but find their way into the marine ecosystem and into the seafood humans consume. No one knows for certain ____5____ the long-term damage will be to marine life and humans, but the study placed much of the blame on the plastics industry for failing to recycle or design for recyclability. “___6___ eaten, microplastics can severely damage an animal’s internal tissues. Globally, we have reached a situation ____7____ we can no longer ignore the plastic pollution pandemic that is infecting our oceans,” he said.

“This research shows us that beach cleanups and citizen science projects that focus on the environmental fate of plastics have little impact on solving the enormity of the plastic problem. Marcus Eriksen, lead author of the study, said in a statement that the findings were a “stark warning ___8___ we must act now at a global scale”. “We’ve found an alarming trend of exponential growth of microplastics in the global ocean since the millennium, which ___9___(expect) to reach over 170 trillion plastic particles,” said Eriksen, adding that the exponential increase in microplastics across the world’s oceans makes ____10____ necessary to “bring in an age of corporate responsibility for the entire life of the things they make”.

二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Huizhou heritage comes to life

It was a natural choice for veteran Huang Yu, after serving in the army and owning a business in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, for years, to go back to his hometown in Xidi village, Huangshan, Anhui province, in 2016. He took over the homestay his parents opened when he was a middle school student.

In 2000, Xidi and the nearby Hongcun village were declared World Heritage sites by UNESCO for their outstanding _____11_____ of rural architecture dating to the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties. Now, walking along the bluestone streets in Xidi or Hongcun, visitors can appreciate the distinctive Huizhou-style houses, _____12_____ white walls, dark tiles and layered horse-head gables, and feel like they are immersed in a traditional Chinese ink painting.

This level of preservation could not be achieved without the participation of local residents. According to Huang, this awareness is not new - since all streets and alleys in Xidi are paved with bluestone, ____13____, street dealers carrying wares on shoulder poles were forbidden from letting their poles touch the ground in order to protect the bluestone.

A local folk _____14_____ says: “One is not lucky to be born in Huizhou. At 13 or 14 he is kicked out of his hometown to make a living.” It _____15_____ at the struggles once endured by the people of Huizhou. Toward the end of the Ming Dynasty, a group of Huizhou merchants became famous, trading in salt, wood and tea, and working as pawnbrokers (当铺老板) with a reputation for _____16_____ and honesty.

“Some folk customs have been retained and newly _____17_____ toward tourism, offering glimpses into the lives of the ancient Huizhou people.”These customs are revived as a demonstration for tourists, and to maintain the _____18_____ of traditional culture. Zhang Wangnan, director of the China Huizhou Culture Museum in Huangshan says “This ____19____ the combination of intangible with tangible cultural heritage.”

He further suggests that the old Huizhou villages explore and find their own unique, marketable themes. “Each of them should find a _____20_____local feature, whether it is tea, chrysanthemum or rapeseed flowers, and then make it the theme of the village, so that they can give full play to their distinctive cultural charm.”

三、完形填空

Most forms of conventional advertising — print, radio and broadcast television — have been losing ground to online ads for years; only billboards, dating back to the 1800s, and TV ads are holding their own. Such out-of-home advertising, as it is known, is anticipated to_____21_____ by 3.4% in 2024, and digital out-of-home (DOOH) advertising, which includes the LCD screens found in airports and shopping malls, by 16%. Such ads draw viewers’ attention from phones and cannot be skipped or _____22_____, unlike ads online.

Billboard owners are also _____23_____ the location data that are pouring off people’s smartphones. Information about their owners’ locations and online browsing gets collected and sold to media owners. They then use these data to work out when different groups — “business travellers”, say — walk by their ads. That_____24_____ is added to insights into traffic, weather and other external data to produce highly relevant ads. DOOH _____25_____ can deliver ads for coffee when it is cold and iced drinks when it is warm.

Such _____26_____ works particularly well when it is combined with “programmatic” advertising methods, a term that describes the use of data to automate and improve ads. In the past year billboard owners such as Clear Channel and jcDecaux have _____27_____ programmatic platforms which allow brands and media buyers to select, purchase and place ads in minutes, rather than days or weeks. It is said that outdoor ads will increasingly be bought like online ones, based on audience and views as well as_____28_____.

That is possible because billboard owners claim to be able to _____29_____ how well their ads are working, even though no “click-through” rates are involved. Data firms can tell advertisers how many people walk past individual advertisements at particular times of the day. Advertisers can estimate how many individuals _____30_____ to an ad for a handbag then go on to visit a nearby shop (or website) and buy the product. Such metrics make outdoor ads more_____31_____, automated and measurable, argues Michael Provenzano, co-founder of Vistar Media, an ad-tech firm in New York.

However, the outdoor-ad revolution is not free of _____32_____ . The collection of mobile-phone data raises privacy concerns. And _____33_____ of the online-ad business for being vague, and occasionally dishonest, may also be targeted at the DOOH business as it becomes bigger and more complex. The industry is ready to_____34_____ such concerns, says Jean-Christophe Conti, chief executive of VIOOH, a media-buying platform. One of the_____35_____ of following the online-ad pioneers, he notes, is learning from their mistakes.

21．A．shrink B．grow C．strand D．emerge

22．A．obtained B．blocked C．separated D．arranged

23．A．making progress in B．getting engaged in C．becoming part of              D．taking advantage of

24．A．value B．record C．knowledge D．intervention

25．A．opponents B．providers C．learners D．instructors

26．A．adding B．collecting C．targeting D．producing

27．A．profiled B．forbidden C．cleared D．launched

28．A．marketing B．evolution C．location D．branding

29．A．measure B．wonder C．notice D．mount

30．A．devoted B．opposed C．related D．exposed

31．A．concept-based B．data-driven C．customer-driven D．research-based

32．A．stress B．conflict C．injury D．problem

33．A．aspects B．demands C．criticisms D．details

34．A．address B．install C．reflect D．emphasize

35．A．benefits B．difficulties C．challenges D．conditions

四、阅读理解

Cathy and Wayne N. who have been married five years are in their late 20’s and childless. The last time a member of Cathy’s family asked, “When are you going to start a family?” Her answer was “We are a family!”

Cathy and Wayne belong to a growing number of young married couples who are deciding not to have children. A recent survey showed that in the last five years the percentage of wives aged 25 to 29 who did not want children had almost doubled and among those 18 to 24 it had almost tripled. What lies behind this decision which seems to fly in the face of biology and society?

Perhaps the most public outspoken childless couple are Ellen Peck, author of The Baby Trap, and her husband, William, an advertising executive who is president of the National Organization for Non-parents. The Pecks insist neither they nor the organization is against parenthood, just against the social pressures that push people into parenthood whether it is what they really want and need or not.

“It’s a life-style choice,” Ellen says. “We chose freedom and spontaneity (自发性), privacy and leisure. It’s also a question of where you want to give your efforts — within your own family or in the larger community. This generation faces serious questions about the continuity of life and as well as its quality. Our grandchildren may have to buy tickets to see the last redwoods or line up to get their oxygen ration. There are men who complain about being caught in a traffic jam for hours on their home to their five kids but can’t make the association between the children and the traffic jam. In a world seriously threatened by the consequences of overpopulation we’re concerned with making life without children acceptable and respectable. Too many children are born as a result of cultural pressure. And the results show up in the statistics on divorce and child-abuse.”

Her husband adds, “Every friend, relative and business associate is pressuring you to have kids ‘and find what you’re missing.’ Too many people discover too late that what they were missing was something they were totally unsuited for.”

And Ellen again, “From the first doll to soap operas to cocktail parties, the pressure is always there to be parents. But let’s take a 1ook at the rate of parental failure. Perhaps parenthood should be regarded as a specialized occupation like being a doctor. Some people are good at it and they should have children; others aren’t, and they should feel they have other alternatives.”

36．By asking “When are you going to start a family”, the member of Cathy’s family meant “_______”.

A．when are you going to move into a new house

B．when are you going to buy a house

C．when are you going to get married

D．when are you going to have a child

37．In the second paragraph, the phrase “to fly in the face of” most probably means _______.

A．to popularize

B．to follow

C．to go against

D．to strengthen

38．According to the third paragraph, the Pecks hold that _______.

A．all young couples should not give in before the social pressures

B．no pressure should be imposed on couples about parenthood

C．strong measures should be taken to help childless couples

D．childless couples face no problems of divorce or child-abuse

39．According to Ellen,what has caused many of the problems we face today?

A．Overpopulation.

B．Environmental pollution.

C．Cultural progress.

D．Life-style choice.

What is PayQwiq?

PayQwiq is a fast and secure payment service that helps you go quickly through the Tesco checkout. It lets you add your credit or debit card details to the app so you can use your smartphone to pay for your shopping with just one scan. Not only that but it collects your Clubcard points automatically. This means you can now go wallet-free in all UK Tesco stores. So why not give it a go? It only takes a moment to download and you will receive these benefits:

Collect your Clubcard points automatically

Pay for your weekly shop up to £250

Use payQwiq offline, even with no signal

Track your spending in Tesco

Sign up to PayQwiq and collect 100 extra Clubcard points for each week you pay with the app, for up to 5 weeks—that’s up to 500 extra points.

Available to new customers who sign up by 3 September 2018 and make all payments by 31 October 2018. One offer per customer. Only one qualifying deal per week will collect the extra points. Additional payments in the same week will not receive extra points. Clubcard points will be added to a future Clubcard statement.

How does it work?

Head to the App Store or Google Play to download the PayQwiq app.

As soon as you’ve added your card details, you’ll be ready to shop using just your phone.

And there’s no need to worry about your bank details being stored on your phone—they’re all securely protected in our data centers. So not only it is quicker and easier, it’s safer too.

40．If customers use PayQwiq in UK Tesco stores, they can _______.

A．get Clubcard points automatically B．pay for their weekly shop without limit

C．budget their everyday spending D．win 500 extra points at a time

41．From the passage we can learn that _______.

A．users must sign up by 3 September 2018

B．users needn’t add their payment card information

C．PayQwiq can guarantee both convenience and safety

D．PayQwiq can be downloaded only from the App Store

42．What is the purpose of this passage?

A．To stress the importance of PayQwiq. B．To popularize the use of PayQwiq.

C．To describe the feasibility of PayQwiq. D．To ensure the safety of PayQwiq.

The most important determining factor of success or failure—at work and in life—is self-awareness, the ability to understand who we are, how others see us, and how we fit into the world.

For millions of years, the ancestors of humans evolved painfully slowly. However, about 150,000 years ago there was an explosive development in the human brain where, among other things, we gained the ability to examine our own thoughts, feelings and behaviors, as well as to see things from another’s point of view. Not only did this transformation create the foundation for art, spiritual practices and language, but it came with a survival advantage for our ancestors, who had to work together in order to survive.

Though we may not face the same day-to-day threats to our existence, self-awareness is no less critical. There is strong scientific evidence that people who know themselves and how others see them are happier. They are smarter, superior students. They raise more mature children. They also tend to be more creative, confident and less aggressive.

But for most people it is easier to choose self-delusion (自我欺骗) rather than the cold hard truth. Our increasingly “me” focused society makes it easier to fall into this trap. Recent generations have grown up in a World obsessed with self-esteem (自负), constantly being reminded of their special qualities. Not only are our assessments often flawed (有缺陷), but we are usually terrible judges of our own performance and abilities—from leadership skills to achievements at school and work. What’s scary is that the least competent people are usually the most confident in their abilities.

How can we avoid this fate? We must work on two specific types of insight. Internal self-awareness is an inward understanding of our passions and aspirations, strengths and weaknesses and so on. And external self-awareness, knowing how others see you, means understanding yourself from the outside in.

For those looking to gain true insight, remember that other people often see us more objectively than we see ourselves and that self-examination can have hidden trap that make insight actually impossible.

43．The first three paragraphs mainly talk about _______.

A．the significance of self-awareness in human survival and advancement

B．the sharp contrast between self-awareness of today and the past

C．the necessity of a shift in self-awareness to satisfy the needs today

D．the intelligence gap between modern men and their ancestors

44．What’s the problem with “me” focused society nowadays?

A．People’s performance and abilities are overlooked.

B．Competent people tend to be unconfident of their leadership skills.

C．It’s difficult to obtain an objective assessment of ourselves.

D．Modern people fail to bring their special qualities into full play.

45．Which of the following is an example of external self-awareness?

A．You listen to the comments about you from others.

B．You are fully aware of your strengths and weaknesses.

C．You reflect your behaviors thoroughly every day.

D．You carefully compare your behavior with that of others.

46．In the last paragraph, the author suggests that we should _______.

A．develop true insight to judge people more objectively B．try to avoid the trap set by others

C．gain more insight by means of self-examination D．pay more attention to external self-awareness

五、六选四

Why Do Cats Love Boxes So Much?

There is an object that’s pretty much guaranteed to arouse your cat’s interest. That object, as the Internet has so thoroughly documented, is a box. Any box, really. Like many other really strange things cats do, science hasn’t fully cracked this particular feline (猫科的) mystery.

____47____ In fact, when you look at all the evidence together, it could be that your cat may not just like boxes, he may need them.

The box-and-whisker plot

Understanding the feline mind is extremely difficult. Still, there’s a sizable amount of behavioral research on cats who are, well, used for other kinds of research. These studies have been taking place for more than 50 years and they make one thing quite clear: ____48____

This is likely true for a number of reasons, but for cats in stressful situations, a box or some other type of separate enclosure can have a strong impact on both their behavior and physiology.

Ethologist Claudia Vinke of Utrecht University in the Netherlands is one of the latest researchers to study stress levels in shelter cats. Working with domestic cats in a Dutch animal shelter, Vinke provided hiding boxes for a group of newly arrived cats while keeping another group from them entirely. ____49____ In effect, the cats with boxes got used to their new surroundings faster, were far less stressed early on, and were more interested in interacting with humans.

The ‘If it fits, I sits’ principle

Some feline observers will note that in addition to boxes, many cats seem to pick other odd places to relax. Some curl up in a bathroom sink. ____50____ This brings us to the other reason why your cat may like particularly small boxes: It’s really cold out.

So there you have it: Boxes are insulating, stress-relieving, comfort zones—places where cats can hide, relax, sleep, and occasionally launch a surprise attack against the huge, unpredictable apes they live with.

A．Your furry companion obtains comfort and security from enclosed spaces.

B．Others prefer shoes, bowls, shopping bags, coffee mugs, empty egg cartons, and other small, enclosed spaces.

C．She found a significant difference in stress levels between cats that had the boxes and those that didn’t.

D．A box, in this sense, can often represent a safe zone, a place where sources of anxiety, hostility (恶意), and unwanted attention simply disappear.

E．So rather than work things out, cats tend to simply run away from their problems or avoid them altogether.

F．Thankfully, behavioral biologists and veterinarians have come up with a few interesting explanations.

六、概要写作

51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

The Crucial Role of Early Childhood Environment

The environment we are in affects our moods, ability to form relationships, effectiveness in work or play — even our health. In addition, the early childhood environment has a very crucial role in children’s learning and development for two important reasons.

First, young children are in the process of rapid brain development. In the early years, the brain develops more synapses (神经元的突触) or connections than it can possibly use. Those that are used by the child form strong connections, while the synapses that are not used gradually disappear. Children’s experiences help to make this determination. The National Scientific Council of the Developing Child compares the development of the brain to constructing a house, stating, “Just as a lack of the right materials can result in blueprints that change, the lack of appropriate experiences can lead to alterations in genetic plans.” Because children’s experiences are limited by their surroundings, the environment we provide for them has a crucial impact on the way the child’s brain develops.

The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments. Many children spend a large portion of their wakeful hours in early childhood setting. For example, a baby beginning child care will spend up to 12,000 hours in the program. This is more time than he will spend in both elementary and secondary schools. Children will typically spend another 4,000 hours in kindergarten through third grade classrooms.

Anita Rui Olds, a well-known environmental designer, believes that we should design our early childhood environments for miracles, not minimums. She states: “Children are miracles. Believing that every child is a miracle can transform the way we design for children’s care. When we invite a miracle into our lives, we prepare ourselves and the environment around us. We make it our job to create, with great respect and gratitude, a space that is worthy of a miracle!

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

七、汉译英（整句）

52．建议家长们尽量多花点时间陪伴孩子。 (accompany)(汉译英)

53．看到千姿百态的剪纸作品，我情不自禁地赞叹中国文化博大精深。(The moment) (汉译英)

54．当被问及究竟是什么使她成为了专业的运动员和尖子生，她将秘密总结为“热情、专注和平衡”。（强调句）（汉译英）

55．重要的是，双方要进一步密切合作，减少摩擦，在平等互利的基础上实现共赢，以促进经济复苏。(matter) (汉译英)

八、建议信

56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

学校大力推进劳动敎育，打算开辟校园农场组织学生进行果蔬花卉种植实践。假设你是校学生会干部李华，负责老师Helen委托你了解同学们对此项活动的看法。经了解，你发现有些同学缺乏种植经验，不敢尝试；有些学生担心种植成果没有实用价值，兴趣不大。请你写封信给Helen

1.反映同学们的想法；

2.提出建议并说明理由。

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：

1．offering    2．has sounded    3．titled    4．to take    5．what    6．Once/If/When    7．where    8．that    9．is expected    10．it

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今海洋面临严重的塑料污染。最近，一项研究对废弃塑料对海洋生态系统造成的破坏发出了新的警告，由于我们食用的海鲜，这些塑料最终会影响人类的健康。

1．考查非谓语动词。句意：走在世界上任何一个海滩上，无论多么孤立，你都会看到某种塑料被冲到海岸线上，提醒人们当今世界鲁莽的一次性文化。分析句子结构可知offer与you will see plastic of some kind washed up on the shoreline构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填offering。

2．考查时态。句意：最近，一项研究对废弃塑料对海洋生态系统造成的破坏发出了新的警告，由于我们食用的海鲜，这些塑料最终会影响人类的健康。根据lately可知为现在完成时，主语为study，助动词用has。故填has sounded。

3．考查非谓语动词。句意：2023年3月8日，在同行评议的研究期刊《公共科学图书馆·综合》上发表的一篇题为《不断增长的塑料烟雾》的论文中，研究人员呼吁世界各国政府采取全面行动，解决世界海洋“前所未有的塑料污染”。分析句子结构可知title与paper构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填titled。

4．考查非谓语动词。句意：2023年3月8日，在同行评议的研究期刊《公共科学图书馆·综合》上发表的一篇题为《不断增长的塑料烟雾》的论文中，研究人员呼吁世界各国政府采取全面行动，解决世界海洋“前所未有的塑料污染”。表示“呼吁……”短语为call on sb. to do sth.。故填to take。

5．考查宾语从句。句意：没有人确切知道对海洋生物和人类的长期损害是什么，但这项研究将大部分责任归咎于塑料工业未能回收或设计可回收性。引导宾语从句，从句缺少表语，表示是什么，应用what。故填what。

6．考查状语从句。句意：“一旦/如果/当被食用时，微塑料会严重损害动物的内部组织”。此处可理解为引导条件状语从句，表示“一旦”或“如果”用once或if；或理解为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”应用when。首字母大写。故填Once/ If/ When。

7．考查定语从句。句意：他说：“在全球范围内，我们已经到了不能再忽视正在感染海洋的塑料污染大流行的地步。”此处为定语从句修饰先行词situation，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。

8．考查同位语从句。句意：该研究的主要作者Marcus Eriksen在一份声明中表示，这些发现是一个“严重的警告，我们现在必须在全球范围内采取行动”。说明warning的内容，引导同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that。故填that。

9．考查固定短语。句意：埃里克森说:“我们发现，自千年以来，全球海洋中的微塑料呈指数级增长，这一趋势令人担忧，预计将达到170万亿个塑料颗粒。”他补充说，全球海洋中微塑料的指数级增长使得有必要“引入一个企业对其制造的产品的整个生命周期负责的时代”。表示“预计……”短语为be expected to，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，非限制性定语从句修饰trend，在从句中作主语，谓语用单数。故填is expected。

10．考查it用法。句意：埃里克森说:“我们发现，自千年以来，全球海洋中的微塑料呈指数级增长，这一趋势令人担忧，预计将达到170万亿个塑料颗粒。”他补充说，全球海洋中微塑料的指数级增长使得有必要“引入一个企业对其制造的产品的整个生命周期负责的时代”。此处为make it adj. to do sth.，it作形式宾语，故填it。

11．G    12．F    13．J    14．E    15．A    16．K    17．C    18．H    19．I    20．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了徽州的物质文化遗产和非物质文化遗产结合，再现生机。

11．考查名词。句意：2000年，西递和附近的宏村被联合国教科文组织宣布为世界遗产，因为它们出色地保存了明代（1368-1644）和清代（1644-1911）的乡村建筑。空处用于形容词outstanding之后，应用名词形式作介词for的宾语，preservation“保留，保存”为名词，符合句意。故选G。

12．考查动词。句意：现在，走在西递或宏村的青石街道上，游客可以欣赏到独具特色的徽州风格的房屋，白墙黛瓦，层层叠叠的马头墙，感觉自己沉浸在一幅中国传统水墨画中。分析句子可知，空处应为非谓语动词，feature“以……为特色”为动词，其现在分词形式作状语，符合句意。故选F。

13．考查副词。句意：据黄说，这种意识并不是刚出现的——因为西递的所有街道和小巷都是用青石铺成的，所以历史上，为了保护青石，扛着扁担的街头小贩被禁止让扁担接触地面。分析句子可知，空处应用副词形式修饰整个句子，historically“历史上地”为副词，符合句意。故选J。

14．考查名词。句意：当地有一首民间歌谣说：“前世不修，生在徽州，十三四岁，往外一丢。”空处用于不定冠词A之后，应用名词的单数形式作句子主语，rhyme“押韵的短诗”为名词，folk rhyme表示“民谣”，符合句意。故选E。

15．考查动词。句意：这透露出了徽州人民曾经经历过的挣扎。分析句子可知，空处应为句子谓语，hint“透露”为动词，其第三人称单数形式用于单数主语It之后，作句子谓语，符合句意。故选A。

16．考查名词。句意：到明朝末年，一群徽商声名鹊起，经营盐、木、茶，做当铺老板，并以道德和诚实闻名于世。分析句子可知，空处与honesty并列，应用名词形式作介词for的宾语，morality“道德”为名词，符合句意。故选K。

17．考查动词。句意：一些民俗被保留下来，并以旅游业为新方向，让我们得以一窥古代徽州人的生活。分析句子可知，空处与have been retained并列，应用动词作并列谓语，orient“确定方向”为动词，省略have been，使用其过去分词形式，符合句意。故选C。

18．考查名词。句意：这些风俗被复兴，作为对游客的展示，并保持传统文化的传承。空处用于定冠词the之后，应用名词形式作动词maintain的宾语，inheritance“继承，传承”为名词，符合句意。故选H。

19．考查动词。句意：位于黄山的中国徽文化博物馆馆长章望南说：“这象征着非物质文化遗产和物质文化遗产的结合。”分析句子可知，空处作句子谓语，symbolize“象征”为动词，主语是this，用symbolize的第三人称单数形式作句子谓语，符合句意。故选I。

20．考查形容词。句意：每一个乡村都应该找到一个主导的地方特色，无论是茶、菊花还是油菜花，然后把它作为村庄的主题，这样他们才能充分发挥自己独特的文化魅力。分析句子可知，空处修饰名词短语local feature，应用形容词形式作定语，dominant“占主导地位的”为形容词，符合句意。故选B。

21．B    22．B    23．D    24．C    25．B    26．C    27．D    28．C    29．A    30．D    31．B    32．D    33．C    34．A    35．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了户外广告牌在大数据的加持下迅速发展。

21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：众所周知，这种户外广告预计在2024年增长3.4% ，数字户外广告（DOOH），包括机场和购物中心的 LCD 屏幕，增长16% 。A. shrink缩水；B. grow成长；C. strand搁浅；D. emerge出现。由上文“only billboards, dating back to the 1800s, and TV ads are holding their own(只有追溯到19世纪的广告牌和电视广告仍然保持着自己的风格)”可知，电视广告和广告牌仍然很流行，由此可知，此处在描述这种广告的增长趋势，即这种户外广告预计在2024年增长3.4%，故选B。

22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些广告从手机上吸引观众的注意力，不能被跳过或屏蔽，不像在线广告。A. obtained获得；B. blocked阻止；C. separated分离；D. arranged安排。由上文“cannot be skipped or”和下文“unlike ads online”可知，这种广告不能被跳过或屏蔽，故选B。

23．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：广告牌公司也在利用人们智能手机上涌现的位置数据。A. making progress in在……取得进步；B. getting engaged in忙于；C. becoming part of成为……的一部分；D. taking advantage of利用。由下文“Information about their owners’ locations and online browsing gets collected and sold to media owners.(有关其所有者的位置和在线浏览的信息被收集并出售给媒体所有者。)”可知，广告牌公司也在利用人们智能手机上涌现的位置数据。故选D。

24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些信息被添加到对流量、天气和其他外部数据的洞察中，从而产生高度相关的广告。A. value价值；B. record记录；C. knowledge知识；计算机储存的信息；D. intervention干预。由上文“They then use these data to work out when different groups — “business travellers”, say — walk by their ads.(然后，他们利用这些数据计算出不同群体（比如“商务旅行者”）何时会经过他们的广告牌。)”可知，此处指将这些信息添加到对流量、天气和其他外部数据的洞察中，故选C。

25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：数字户外广告供应商可以在天气寒冷时播放咖啡广告，在天气暖和时播放冷饮广告。A. opponents对手；B. providers供应者；C. learners学习者；D. instructors导师。由下文“can deliver ads”可知，此处指数字户外广告供应商，故选B。

26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种定向广告与“程序化”广告方法相结合时效果特别好，“程序化”广告方法是一个描述使用数据自动化和改进广告的术语。A. adding加入；B. collecting收集；C. targeting把……对准；以……为目标；D. producing生产。由上文“DOOH___5___ can deliver ads for coffee when it is cold and iced drinks when it is warm.”可知，此处指定向广告，故选C。

27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去一年，诸如Clear Channel 和 jcDecaux等广告公司推出了程序化平台，让品牌和媒体买家在几分钟内选择、购买和投放广告，而不是几天或几周。A. profiled概述；B. forbidden禁止；C. cleared清除；D. launched发起；发行；推出。由下文“programmatic platforms which allow brands and media buyers to select, purchase and place ads in minutes, rather than days or weeks. ”可知，此处指广告公司推出了程序化平台，故选D。

28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说，户外广告将越来越多地像在线广告一样，根据受众和观看次数以及位置来购买。A. marketing营销；B. evolution进化；C. location地点；位置；D. branding品牌化。由上文“Billboard owners are also___3____ the location data that are pouring off people’s smartphones.”可知，此处指根据受众和观看次数以及位置来购买广告，故选C。

29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是可能的，因为广告公司声称能够衡量他们的广告效果如何，即使没有“点击率”的参与。A. measure测量；衡量；B. wonder好奇；C. notice注意到；D. mount增加。由下文“how well their ads are working”可知，广告公司声称能够衡量他们的广告效果如何，故选A。

30．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 广告商可以估计有多少人接触到一个手提包的广告，然后去附近的商店（或网站）购买该产品。A. devoted致力于；B. opposed反对；C. related与……相关；D. exposed暴露；接触。由下文“to an ad for a handbag then go on to visit a nearby shop (or website) and buy the product”可知，广告商可以估计有多少人接触到一个手提包的广告，然后去购买该产品，故选D。

31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：纽约广告技术公司 Vistar Media的联合创始人迈克尔•普罗文扎诺（Michael Provenzano）认为，这些指标使户外广告更加数据化、自动化和可测量。A. concept-based以概念为基础的；B. data-driven数据驱动的；C. customer-driven以消费者驱动的；D. research-based以研究为基础的。上文讲到用数据测量广告的效果，此处指这些指标使户外广告更具数据驱动性，故选B。

32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，户外广告革命并非没有问题。A. stress压力；B. conflict冲突；C. injury受伤；D. problem问题。由下文“The collection of mobile-phone data raises privacy concerns(手机数据的收集引起了人们对隐私的担忧)”可知，户外广告也有问题，故选D。

33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于在线广告业务不透明，有时甚至是欺诈性的批评，也可能针对户外广告业务，因为它变得更大，更复杂。A. aspects方面；B. demands要求；C. criticisms批评；D. details详述。由下文“of the online-ad business for being vague, and occasionally dishonest”可知，此处指批评在线广告业务不透明，有时甚至是欺诈性的，故选C。

34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：媒体购买平台 VIOOH 首席执行官让-克里斯托弗•孔蒂（jean-Christophe Conti）表示，媒体行业已准备好解决这些担忧。A. address解决；B. install安装；C. reflect反映；D. emphasize强调。上文描述了户外广告的问题，此处指业界准备好解决这些问题，故选A。

35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他指出，追随在线广告先驱的好处之一就是从他们的错误中吸取教训。A. benefits好处；B. difficulties困难；C. challenges挑战；D. conditions条件。故由下文“is learning from their mistakes.”可知，追随在线广告先驱的好处之一就是从他们的错误中吸取教训，故选A。

36．D    37．C    38．B    39．A

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了越来越多的年轻夫妇不愿意要孩子的原因。

36．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Cathy and Wayne N. who have been married five years are in their late 20’s and childless. The last time a member of Cathy’s family asked, “When are you going to start a family?” Her answer was “We are a family!”(凯西和韦恩已经结婚5年了，他们都快30岁了，没有孩子。凯茜的家人最后一次问:“你什么时候成立一个家庭？”她的回答是:“我们是一家人！”)”可知，当问“你打算什么时候成立一个家庭”时，凯西的家人的意思是“你打算什么时候生孩子”。故选D。

37．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“A recent survey showed that in the last five years the percentage of wives aged 25 to 29 who did not want children had almost doubled and among those 18 to 24 it had almost tripled.(最近的一项调查显示，在过去五年中，25至29岁的妻子不想要孩子的比例几乎翻了一番，而在18至24岁的妻子中，这一比例几乎增加了两倍。)”和第三段“The Pecks insist neither they nor the organization is against parenthood, just against the social pressures that push people into parenthood whether it is what they really want and need or not.(佩克斯夫妇坚称，他们和该组织都不反对为人父母，只是反对迫使人们为人父母的社会压力，不管他们是否真的想要和需要。)”可知，划线词所在的句子意思是：这个看似与生物学和社会背道而驰的决定背后隐藏着什么？由此可知，to fly in the face of意为“公然反对”。故选C。

38．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The Pecks insist neither they nor the organization is against parenthood, just against the social pressures that push people into parenthood whether it is what they really want and need or not.(佩克斯夫妇坚称，他们和该组织都不反对为人父母，只是反对迫使人们为人父母的社会压力，不管他们是否真的想要和需要。)”可知，佩克斯夫妇认为不应该在为人父母的问题上给夫妻施加压力。故选B。

39．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In a world seriously threatened by the consequences of overpopulation we’re concerned with making life without children acceptable and respectable.(在一个受到人口过剩后果严重威胁的世界里，我们关心的是如何让没有孩子的生活变得可以接受和受人尊敬。)”可知，根据艾伦的说法，人口过剩导致了我们今天面临的许多问题。故选A。

40．A    41．C    42．B

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了名为PayQwiq的支付服务，介绍了其提供的好处以及工作方式。

40．细节理解题。根据第一段“Not only that but it collects your Clubcard points automatically.(不仅如此，它还会自动收集你的会员卡积分)”可知，如果顾客在英国乐购商店使用PayQwiq，他们可以自动获得会员卡积分。故选A。

41．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“As soon as you’ve added your card details, you’ll be ready to shop using just your phone.(一旦你添加了信用卡的详细信息，你就可以只用手机购物了)”以及最后一段“And there’s no need to worry about your bank details being stored on your phone—they’re all securely protected in our data centers.(你也不必担心你的银行信息会被存储在手机上——它们都在我们的数据中心得到安全保护)”可知，PayQwiq既方便又安全。故选C。

42．推理判断题。根据第一段“PayQwiq is a fast and secure payment service that helps you go quickly through the Tesco checkout. (PayQwiq是一种快速安全的支付服务，可以帮助您快速通过Tesco结账)”结合文章主要介绍了名为PayQwiq的支付服务，介绍了其提供的好处以及工作方式。可推知，这篇文章的目的是推广PayQwiq的使用。故选B。

43．A    44．C    45．A    46．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自我意识在人类生存和进步中的重要性，以及如今社会以“我”为中心存在的问题。

43．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The most important determining factor of success or failure—at work and in life—is self-awareness, the ability to understand who we are, how others see us, and how we fit into the world.(在工作和生活中，决定成功或失败的最重要因素是自我意识，了解自己是谁、别人如何看待我们以及我们如何融入这个世界的能力)”；第二段中“However, about 150,000 years ago there was an explosive development in the human brain where, among other things, we gained the ability to examine our own thoughts, feelings and behaviors, as well as to see things from another’s point of view. Not only did this transformation create the foundation for art, spiritual practices and language, but it came with a survival advantage for our ancestors, who had to work together in order to survive.(然而，大约在15万年前，人类的大脑发生了一次爆炸性的发展，其中，我们获得了审视自己的思想、感觉和行为的能力，以及从他人的角度看问题的能力。这种转变不仅为艺术、精神实践和语言创造了基础，而且为我们的祖先带来了生存优势，他们必须共同努力才能生存)”以及第三段中“Though we may not face the same day-to-day threats to our existence, self-awareness is no less critical.(虽然我们可能不会每天面对同样的威胁，但自我意识同样重要)”可知，前三段主要讨论了自我意识在人类生存和进步中的重要性。故选A。

44．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“But for most people it is easier to choose self-delusion (自我欺骗) rather than the cold hard truth. Our increasingly “me” focused society makes it easier to fall into this trap. Recent generations have grown up in a World obsessed with self-esteem (自负), constantly being reminded of their special qualities. Not only are our assessments often flawed (有缺陷), but we are usually terrible judges of our own performance and abilities—from leadership skills to achievements at school and work. What’s scary is that the least competent people are usually the most confident in their abilities.(但对大多数人来说，选择自欺欺人比选择冷酷无情的事实更容易。我们这个越来越以“我”为中心的社会更容易陷入这个陷阱。最近几代人成长在一个迷恋自尊的世界里，不断地被提醒自己的特殊品质。不仅我们的评估常常有缺陷，而且我们通常对自己的表现和能力——从领导技能到学校和工作中的成就——的判断也很糟糕。可怕的是，能力最差的人通常对自己的能力最自信)”可知，当今以“我”为中心的社会存在的问题是很难对自己做出客观的评价。故选C。

45．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“And external self-awareness, knowing how others see you, means understanding yourself from the outside in.(外部自我意识，知道别人怎么看你，意味着从外到内了解你自己)”可知，A选项“你听别人对你的评价”是外部自我意识的例子。故选A。

46．细节理解题。根据最后一段“For those looking to gain true insight, remember that other people often see us more objectively than we see ourselves and that self-examination can have hidden trap that make insight actually impossible.(对于那些想要获得真知灼见的人，请记住，别人对我们的看法往往比我们对自己的看法更客观，而自我反省可能隐藏着陷阱，使真知灼见实际上不可能实现)”可知，在最后一段，作者建议我们应该更加注意外在的自我意识。故选D。

47．F    48．A    49．C    50．B

【导语】本是一篇说明文。主要介绍了猫喜欢盒子的原因。

47．上文“Like many other really strange things cats do, science hasn’t fully cracked this particular feline (猫科的) mystery. (就像猫做的许多其他非常奇怪的事情一样，科学还没有完全破解这种特殊的神秘的猫科动物)”说明猫科动物很神秘，与空格处是转折关系，因此F项“值得庆幸的是，行为生物学家和兽医提出了一些有趣的解释”符合语境，故选F。

48．下文“This is likely true for a number of reasons, but for cats in stressful situations, a box or some other type of separate enclosure can have a strong impact on both their behavior and physiology.(这可能有很多原因，但对于处于压力环境中的猫来说，一个盒子或其他类型的单独围栏会对它们的行为和生理产生强烈影响。)”说明猫处于压力环境中需要有缓解压力的空间，因此A项“你的毛茸茸的同伴从封闭的空间中获得舒适和安全”符合语境，故选A。

49．上文“Working with domestic cats in a Dutch animal shelter, Vinke provided hiding boxes for a group of newly arrived cats while keeping another group from them entirely. (Vinke在荷兰的一家动物收容所与家猫合作，为一群新来的猫提供了隐藏箱，同时让另一群猫完全远离它们)”说明的是Vinke做的实验，空格处是实验得出的结果，因此C项“她发现有盒子的猫和没有盒子的猫在压力水平上有显著差异”符合语境，故选C。

50．上文“Some feline observers will note that in addition to boxes, many cats seem to pick other odd places to relax. (一些猫科动物观察者会注意到，除了盒子，许多猫似乎还会选择其他奇怪的地方放松。)”说明猫科动物喜欢的狭小的奇奇怪怪的空间，空格处是具体的奇怪的地方，因此B项“其他猫更喜欢鞋子、碗、购物袋、咖啡杯、空鸡蛋盒和其他小的封闭空间”符合语境，故选B。

51．There are two reasons why children’s learning and development depend on the early childhood environment. First, the environment where children get their experiences determines the way of children’s brain development. Second, compared to other periods, children spend more time in early childhood settings. So a better early childhood environment should be set for children’s brain development.

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述幼儿环境对儿童的学习和发展有着非常关键的两方面的作用。

【详解】1 要点摘录① In addition, the early childhood environment has a very crucial role in children’s learning and development for two important reasons.②First, young children are in the process of rapid brain development.③The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments.④When we invite a miracle into our lives, we prepare ourselves and the environment around us. We make it our job to create, with great respect and gratitude, a space that is worthy of a miracle!

2.缜密构思全文是“总-分-总”的结构。以上四句话分别描述每一段的主旨大意，因此概括全文内容可以使用它们的组合。3.遣词造句①Because children’s developments are created by education, the environment we provide for them has a crucial impact on them.②Many people spend a large portion of their wakeful hours in playing mobile phones.③Believing that every effort will create a miracle can transform the way we understand ourselves.

【点睛】[高分句型1]：Those that are used by the child form strong connections, while the synapses that are not used gradually disappear. 其中两个that引导的定语从句，while连词功能连接两个有从句的分句，表示对比关系，该表达很高级。

[高分句型2]：The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments.用that引导定语从句修饰reason并且在主句中作主语，且is后面接because of连接的名词性短语，表达非常高级。

52．Parents are advised to spend as much time as possible (in) accompanying their children.

【详解】考查固定短语和时态语态。主语为复数名词parents；表示“建议”应用advise，与主语构成被动关系，为一般现在时的被动语态；表示“尽量多花点时间”短语为spend as much time as possible (in)；表示“陪伴孩子”应用动名词短语accompanying their children，作宾语。故翻译为Parents are advised to spend as much time as possible (in) accompanying their children.

53．The moment I saw the various paper-cut works, I couldn't help admiring the profound Chinese culture.

【详解】考查固定短语和时间状语从句。此处为the moment引导的时间状语从句，主语为I；表示“看到千姿百态的剪纸作品”翻译为see the various paper-cut works，为一般过去时；主句主语为I；表示“情不自禁地赞叹中国文化博大精深”翻译为can't help admiring the profound Chinese culture。故翻译为The moment I saw the various paper-cut works, I couldn't help admiring the profound Chinese culture.

54．When asked what exactly made her a professional athlete and top student, she summed up it was enthusiasm, concentration and balance that made her did it.

【详解】考查强调句、从句、时态、短语及名词。根据句意可知 ，本句描述过去的内容，故用一般过去时。表示“当……时”用when引导时间状语从句；表示“被问及”用过去分词asked，表示被动；表示“专业的运动员和尖子生”用a professional athlete and top student；表示“什么使她成为了专业的运动员和尖子生”用宾语从句what exactly made her a professional athlete and top student；表示“究竟”用exactly；表示“总结”用summed up；表示“热情”用enthusiasm；表示“专注”用concentration；表示“平衡”用balance；根据提示，此句使用强调句it was enthusiasm, concentration and balance that made her did it。故答案为When asked what exactly made her a professional athlete and top student, she summed up it was enthusiasm, concentration and balance that made her did it.

55．What matters is that the two sides should further the close cooperation and reduce the friction to achieve win-win results on the basis of equality and mutual benefit to facilitate economic recovery.

【详解】考查短语、时态和名词性从句。“重要”用动词matter，句中缺少主语，指物，所以用what引导主语从句。后面用表语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用that引导。“双方”翻译为the two sides ，在从句中作主语；“进一步密切合作”翻译为further the close cooperation；“减少摩擦”翻译为 reduce the friction；后接不定式作目的状语。“在……的基础上”用短语on the basis of；“平等互利”翻译为equality and mutual benefit；“实现共赢”翻译为achieve win-win results；“以促进经济复苏”翻译为facilitate economic recovery。陈述现在事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为What matters is that the two sides should further the close cooperation and reduce the friction to achieve win-win results on the basis of equality and mutual benefit to facilitate economic recovery.

56．Dear Helen,

As for the practical activity of fruit, vegetable and flower planting organized by the campus farm, after investigation, I found that some students lacked planting experience and dared not try it. Some students are not interested because they are worried that the planting results have no practical value.

In view of these phenomena, I would like to put forward some ideas of my own. First of all, we should do a good job in the early publicity and mobilization work. Let students know the meaning and value of this activity. Secondly, let the students know the information of fruits, vegetables and flowers through various channels, and understand the appearance, growing environment and process of the crops. Finally, it is best to use our local plant material. In this way, students can increase their interest, their confidence, and actually learn something.

Above are some of my suggestions. I hope our activities will be a success.

Yours,

Li Hua

【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，学校大力推进劳动敎育，打算开辟校园农场组织学生进行果蔬花卉种植实践。假设你是校学生会干部李华，负责老师Helen委托你了解同学们对此项活动的看法。经了解，你发现有些同学缺乏种植经验，不敢尝试；有些学生担心种植成果没有实用价值，兴趣不大。请你写封信给Helen，反映同学们的想法；提出建议并说明理由。

【详解】1.词汇积累

调查：investigation→inquiry

担心的：worried→concerned

了解：know→learn

成功：be a success=be successful

2.句式拓展

合并简单句

原句：Finally, it is best to use our local plant material. In this way, students can increase their interest, their confidence, and actually learn something.

拓展句：Finally, it is best to use our local plant material, because in this way, students can increase their interest, their confidence, and actually learn something.

【点睛】[高分句型1] Some students are not interested because they are worried that the planting results have no practical value. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句和that引导的宾语从句)

[高分句型2] I hope our activities will be a success. (运用了省略that引导的宾语从句和抽象名词具体化)