Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came？——【期末复习】八年级下册英语章节知识点梳理（人教版）

这是一份Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came？——【期末复习】八年级下册英语章节知识点梳理（人教版），共16页。试卷主要包含了词汇知识清单，语法知识清单，与一般过去时的区别等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、词汇知识清单
I、课标词汇[注意英译汉]
rainstrm [ˈreɪnstɔ:m] n. 暴风雨
alarm [əˈlɑ:m] n. 闹钟
g ff （闹钟）发出响声
begin [bɪˈgɪn] v. 开始
heavily [ˈhevɪli] adv. 在很大程度上，大量地
suddenly [ˈsʌdənli] adv. 突然地
pick up（=pick up the phne) 接电话
strange [streɪndʒ] adj. 奇怪的，陌生的，奇特的
strm [stɔ:m] n. 暴风雨
wind [waɪnd] n. 风
light [laɪt] n. & v. 电灯；点燃
reprt [riˈpɔ:t] v. 报导，报告
area ['eərɪə] n. 范围，地域，地区
wd [wʊd] n. 树木，木材，树木
windw [ˈwindəu] n. 窗户
flashlight ['flæʃlaɪt] n. 手电筒，火炬
match [mætʃ] n. 火柴，比赛
beat [bi:t] v. 敲打，打败
against [əˈgenst] prep. 反对，对…不利
asleep [əˈsli:p] adj. 睡着的，熟睡的
fall asleep 进入梦乡，睡着
die dwn 逐渐变弱，逐渐消失
rise [raɪz] v. 上升，升起
fallen [ˈfɔ:lən] adj. 倒下的，落下的
apart [əˈpɑ:t] adv. 分离，分开
have a lk 看一看
icy [ˈaɪsɪ] adj. 覆盖着冰的，冰冷的
kid [kɪd] n. & v. （口语）小孩；开玩笑，欺骗
realize [ˈri:əlaɪz] v. 认识到，了解
make ne's way 前往，费力地前进
passage [ˈpæsɪdʒ] n. 章节，段落
pupil [ˈpju:pl] n. 学生
cmpletely [kəmˈpli:tli] adv. 彻底地，完全地
shcked [ʃɔkt] adj. 震惊的，震撼的
silence [ˈsaɪləns] n. 寂静，沉默
in silence 沉默，无声
recently [ˈri:sntli] adv. 不久前，近来，最近
take dwn 拆除，往下拽，记录
terrrist [ˈterərɪst] n. 恐怖分子
date [deɪt] n. 日期，日子
twer [ˈtaʊə(r)] n. 塔
at first 首先，最初
truth [tru:θ] n. 真相，真理，事实
II、语法词汇知其变[注意词性变化]
1.开始v. begin-(过去式)began一（过去分词）begun--开头;开端n.beginning
2.重的adj. heavy- 在很大程度上;大量地adv. heavily
3.突然的adj. sudden- 突然;忽然adv. suddenly
4.奇特的;奇怪的adj. strange- 陌生 人n. stranger
5.风n. wind- 有风的adj. windy
6.火柴n. match-(复数) matches
7.睡觉v. sleep-(过去式）slept -(过去分词）slept 睡着adj. asleep一困倦的adj. sleepy
8.升起;增加;提高v. &n. rise- -(过去式) rse-- (过去分词)risen
9.跌倒;掉落v. fall-一倒下的;落下的adj. fallen
10.冰n. ice- -覆盖着冰的;冰冷的adj. icy
11.开玩笑;欺骗v. kid- -(现在分词) kidding
12.学生n .pupil-(近义词)student
13.冲击;震动v .shck一→惊愕的;受震惊的adj. shcked
14.彻底的;完全的adj .cmplete -彻底 地;完全地adv. cmpletely
15.沉默的;无声的adj. silent-- >沉默;缄默;无声n. silence
16.近来的;新近的adj. recent-- 不久 前;最近adv. recently
17.真的adj. true-真正;确实adv. truly-- 实情;事实 n.. truth
III、重点短语知搭配[注意固定短语的英汉互译]
1.make sure 确信;确认
2.beat against... 拍打……
3. fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着
4. die dwn 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
5. wake up 醒来
6. in a mess 一团糟
7. 使……分离
8. in times f difficulty 在困难的时候
9. at the time f 当时候
10. g ff (闹钟)发出响声
11. take a ht shwer 洗热水澡
12. miss the bus 错过公交车
13. pick up 接电话
14. bring... tgether 使……靠拢
15. in the area 在这个地区
16. miss the event 错过这个事件
17. by the side f the rad 在路边
18. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线
19. walk by 走路经过
20. make ne’s way 在某人去……的路上
21. hear the news 听到这个消息
22.imprtant events in histry 历史上的重大事件
23.fr example 例如
24.be killed 被杀害
25. ver 50 50多(岁）
26. a schl pupil 一个小学生
27. n the radi 通过广播
28.in silence 沉默;无声
29.mre recently 最近地;新近
30.the Wrld Trade Center 世贸中心
31.take dwn 拆除;摧毁
32.have meaning t 对……有意义
33.remember ding sth. 记得做过某事
34.at first 首先;最初
IV、核心单词知用法[注意固定短语、句型和词块]
rainstrm cn.暴风雨
sandstrm沙尘暴snwstrm 暴风雪
alarm n.闹钟
g ff(闹钟)发出响声
闹钟或警报器等突然发出声响
e.g. Yu’d better get up as sn as the alarm clck ges ff.最好闹钟一叫你就起床
ff相关短语：get ff下车 fall ff从...坠落 turn ff 关闭 cut ff切断 put ff推迟
begin v.开始 begin -began-begun beginning
start/begin t d sth (it 为主语/表示心理活动/用于进行时)
begins t rain.
began t think she was wrng.
is beginning t d his hmewrk.
begin ding sth（长期有意识养成习惯）
e.g.I began playing the pian when I was 10.
heavily adj.在很大程度上；大量地
雨雪用heavily rain/snw heavily/hard
风用strngly the wind blw strngly
suddenly adv.忽然；突然；出乎意料
adj.sudden all f a sudden突然
pick up 接电话；捡起；接人；学会；(偶然)得到 动副结构
e.g. The phne is ringing. Culd yu please pick it up fr me?
e.g. Yur pen is lying n the flr; please pick it up.
e.g. I will pick yu up at six tmrrw mrning.
strange adj.奇怪的；陌生的 stranger n.陌生人
wind n.风
light un.光；光线；光亮
e.g. The children are dancing in the bright mnlight.
cn.灯 ff the lights when yu leave the rm.
adj.轻的 ’s as light as a feather. 它像羽毛一样轻
v. 点燃 过去式lit lit a cigarette.
reprt n&v报道；公布
a weather reprt 天气预报reprter n. 记者 It is reprted that据报道
wd un.木头
表示木头时为不可数名词，a piece f wd一块木头
复数形式wds 表示“树林”
match cn 火柴；比赛 v.相配；较量
beat v.敲打；打败 beat -beat-beaten
心脏或脉搏等跳动
beat aginst the windw e.g. The rain beat against the car windscreen.
辨析：beat和win的区别
beat (beat, beaten)＂击败，战胜＂，一般接对手作宾语。
win (wn, wn)一般后接比赛、奖品或奖项作宾语
against prep.倚；碰；撞；反对
e.g. Jim std against the table. e.g. Are yu fr r against the plan?
at first 起初；首先（强调前后对比）
asleep adj.睡着的 （表语）
fall asleep入睡 e.g. He fell asleep when I saw him.
辨析：
sleep v.＂睡觉＂(延续性) cn＂睡眠＂ e.g. He slept fr tw hurs.
be asleep＂睡着的＂，强调状态。
e.g. The by was asleep with his head n his arms.
fall asleep睡着，入睡，表示动作的过程，侧重于指无意识地入睡。
e.g. The ld man sat in his chair, clsed his eyes and fell asleep.
sleepy adj.困倦的
die dwn 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
风雨或心情＂逐渐变弱；逐渐消失；平静下来＂。
e.g. His anger has died dwn a bit.
rise v&n.升起；增加；提高 rise-rse-risen
e.g. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落
辨析：
rise vi.+prep+宾语 日、月、星、雾、云的上升，人体从睡、跪、坐、躺等姿势站立起来等
e.g. Prices rise every day in thse cuntries. 在那些国家物价天天上涨。
raisevt.＂举起;抬起＂+宾语/＂饲养、供养＂ raise the flag
e.g. If yu have any questins, raise yur hands. 如果你有问题，请举手。
e.g. Their family raised a big dg. 他们家养了一条大狗。
fallen adj.倒下的；落下的
形式：fall -fell -fallen
fall相关短语：fall ff从...落下 fall asleep入睡 fall behind落后 fall ill生病 fall dwn 摔倒
apart adv.分离；分开
that time we were never apart. 在那段时间里人我们从不分离。
e.g.I can’t get the tw things apart.
have a lk at... 看一看=lk at
lk相关短语：lk fr lk up lk thrugh lk after lk ut lk frward
kid v.开玩笑；欺骗 过去式kidded（多用于进行时）
cn.小孩 kid neself 自欺欺人 e.g. I was just kidding.
realize v.理解；领会；认识到；实现
cme t realize逐渐意识到
realize/achieve ne’s dream实现梦想
make ne’s way t sp费力的前进
way相关短语：
n ne’s way在路上 car brke dwn n my way t the cmpany.
in this way 用这种方法 in this way can yu make prgress.
by the way 顺便说一下 the way, hw is yur mther?
in the way妨碍；当道't stand in the way.
in a way在某种程度上 a way, yu're right.
n way没门,不行
all the way一路上,自始至终e.g.I'll back yu up all the way.
lse ne’s way迷路 lst the way in the dark.
cmpletely adv.彻底地，完全地
e.g.I trust yu cmpletely.
cmplete adj.完全的/v.完成；结束
shcked adj.惊愕的；受震惊的
adj.shcked (形容人 )shcking adj.令人震惊的（形容物）
e.g.I was shcked by the shcking news.
shck v./n.
silence un.沉默；缄默
adj.silent
keep silent保持沉默
d sth in silence
sits here in silence.
recently adv.最近；不久前 同lately
take dwn 拆除；记录；往下拽
need t take dwn the wall.
take 的相关短语：
take ntes记笔记 take away拿走 take ut拿出去 take up开始 take ff脱下；起飞
date n.日期；日子
询问日期： what’s the date tday?
询问星期几：what day is tday?
询问今天什么日子：what’s tday?(回答星期+号数)
truth n.实情；事实
adj.true adv.truly t tell the truth 说实话
tell the truth,it’s t expensive.
重点句型
My alarm didn’t g ff s I wke up late. 我的闹钟没有响，因此我醒晚了。
g ff为不及物动词短语，在此意为＂发出响声＂，可指闹钟或警报器等突然发出声响
I was waiting fr the bus when it began t rain heavily.
wait是不及物动词，须加上介词fr再跟宾语。
e.g. I’m waiting fr a bus. 我正在等公共汽车。
rain heavily下大雨，表示＂下大雨/雪＂用heavily修饰，相当于hard,修饰动词用副词。
e.g. Thugh it was raining heavily/hard, they were still wrking hard.
虽然雨下得很大，他们还在努力地工作。
注意：形容风刮得大时常用strngly。
e.g. The wind is blwing strngly with lts f sand. 风猛烈地刮着，带起了许多沙子。
I called at seven and yu didn’t pick up. 我七点(给你)打电话, 但你没有接。
pick up意为＂接电话＂“拾起来,捡起”“(开车)接(某人)”
e.g. The phne is ringing. Culd yu please pick it up fr me?
e.g. I will pick yu up at six tmrrw mrning.
With n light utside, it felt like midnight. 外面没有光亮，感觉就像半夜一样。
light un.光；光线；光亮
light adj. 轻的；light n. 灯，为可数名词；light v. 点燃
e.g. The children are dancing in the bright mnlight.
Ben was helping his mm make dinner when the rain began t beat heavily against the windws.
He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying dwn at arund 3:00 a.m. 大约凌晨3点风逐渐变弱时他终于睡着了。
sleep，be asleep，fall asleep，get t sleep，g t bed
When he wke up, the sun was rising. 当他醒来的时候，太阳正在升起。
Kate was still making her way t schl.
Peple ften remember what they were ding when they heard the news f imprtant events in histry.
On this day, Dr. Martin Luther King was killed. 在这一天，马丁﹒路德﹒金博士遇害了
My parents did nt talk after that, and we finished the rest f ur dinner in silence.
Mre recently, mst Americans remember what they were ding when the Wrld Trade Center in New Yrk was taken dwn by terrrists.
二、语法知识清单
过去进行时
一、定义及结构
1. 定义
过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。
2. 结构：be (过去式）+ 动词-ing
二、用法
1. 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事情发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。常用的时间状语when，while。
☞ My brther fell while he was riding his bicycle. 我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔了下来。
☞ It was raining when they left the statin. 他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。
☞ They left the statin while it was raining. 天正在下雨的时候他们离开了车站。
☞ When I gt t the tp f the muntain, the sun was shining. 当我到达山顶的时候，阳光灿烂。
【易混辨析】
2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。常用的时间状语：this mrning，the whle mrning，all day yesterday，frm nine t ten last evening。
☞ What was she ding at nine ’clck yesterday? 昨天晚上九点她在做什么？（介词短语表示时间点）
☞ When I saw him he was decrating his rm. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。（when从句表示时间点）
☞ We were watching TV frm seven t nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
☞ What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么？
3. 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。
☞ While he was waiting fr the bus, he was reading a newspaper. 他边等车边看报纸。（两个动作都是延续性的）
☞ He was cleaning his car while I was cking. 他擦车时我在做饭。（两个动作同时进行）
4. 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree，be，believe，belng，care，frget，hate，have(拥有)，hear，knw，like，lve，mean，mind，ntice，wn，remember，seem，suppse，understand，want，wish等。
误：I was knwing the answer.
正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。
误：I wasn’t understanding him.
正：I didn’t understand him. 我不明白他的意思。
三、与一般过去时的区别
1. 一般过去时叙述旧事，过去进行时描述背景。
A. 一般过去时
（1）叙述过去状态、动作或事件
☞ He went t Beijing the ther day.（带具体时间）
（2）表示过去的习惯
①wuld，used t与过去时
wuld 表间断性不规则的习惯，常带频率时间；used t 表一贯性有规律的习惯。
☞ They used t meet and wuld smetimes exchange ne r tw wrds.
☞ He smked a lt tw years ag. （过去行为）
② wuld不可用于句首，只表示过去的习惯。used t表示今昔对比的含义，叙述习惯动作时可与wuld 换用。
☞ When he was a by, he wuld ften g there. （叙述过去）
☞ She isn’t what she used t be. （今昔对比）
③表示状态时一般只用used t
☞ Tm used t be fat /There used t stand a tree there. （状态）
④was (were) used t +v-ing表示＂合适于，适应于……＂
☞ He used t wrk at night. （＂习惯＂，表经常）
☞ He was used t wrking at night. （＂习惯＂，表适应）
（3）表示过去的经历，平行动作，依次事件用一般过去时。
☞ He sat there and listened t the radi. （依次发生）
（4）表示客气委婉的语气，用于情态动词，助动词和want，wnder，hpe等
☞ Hw did yu like the film?
☞ Culd yu help me?
B. 过去进行时
（1）表示在过去某阶段或某一时刻正在发生的动作
☞ What were yu ding at 8:30 last night? （过去某时刻正在发生）
（2）与always，ften，usually等连用表示喜爱、讨厌等感情色彩。
☞ He was always changing his mind.
C. 进行时表某一行为的＂片断＂；一般时表示行为的＂整体＂和存在的状态。
☞ I was reading the bk at that time. （未读完，＂读＂的片段）
☞ I read the bk yesterday. （已读完，表整个＂读＂）
D. 表示在过去的某段时间里一直反复持续进行的动作。
☞ It was raining all night.
☞ He was writing a letter the whle f afternn.
E. while时间状语从句中用短暂动词时只能用进行时。
☞ He brke a chair while he was jumping up and dwn.[来源:学.科.网]
F. while 所在主从句动作大致持续相等时主从句一般都用进行时，但若是持续动词可都用一般过去时，两个动作一长一短时短的用一般时，长的用进行时。
☞ I was cking the dinner while he was playing the pian. （平行）
☞ I cked the dinner while he played the pian.
☞ I saw him while I was walking t the statin.
【注意】
英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时（不用现在进行时和过去进行时）
（1）表心理状态、情感的动词，如lve，hate，like，care，respect，please，prefer，knw等，若用进行时则词意改变。
☞ I’m frgetting it. ( =beginning t frget )
（2）表示存在、状态的动词，如appear，exist，lie，remain，stand，seem等。
（3）表示感觉的动词，如see，hear，feel，smell，sund，taste等。
（4）表示人的期待、允诺、拒绝、结束的词，如accept，allw，admit，decide，end，refuse，permit，prmise等。
三、语篇知识清单
本单元以＂谈论过去正在发生的事情＂为话题，讲述了大事件发生时人们正在进行的各种活动。具体到书面表达中，要求同学们会对过去正在发生的事情进行描述，在写这类短文时，要运用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时或过去进行时等。在写作时要注意以下几点：
①明确中心思想，无论是看图写作，还是情景描写，都要围绕文章中心展开；
②要注意记叙文的几个要素，即把时间、地点、人物、事件、起因、经过、结果等交代清楚；
③要合理安排好写作的顺序；
④叙述事件时语言简洁，把文章写得生动、详实。
词汇积累
（一）动作类短语
1. 步行回家 walk hme
2. 去上班 g t wrk
3. 入睡 fall asleep
4. 下大雨 rain heavily
5. 洗热水澡 take a ht shwer
6. 发出响声 g ff
7. 接电话 pick up
8. 逐渐变弱 die dwn
9. 确认；确信 make sure
（二）时间类短语
1. 当暴风雨来的时候 at the time f the rainstrm
2. 在那个时候 at that time
3. 在地震时 at the time f the earthquake
（三）其他短语
1. 沉默地 in silence2. 做某事有困难 have truble ding sth
3. 一团糟 in a mess4. 首先；起初 at first
句子积累
（一）佳句欣赏与模仿
1. I was s scared that I culd hardly think clearly after that.
【如此……以至于……】
在台风来临时，我如此地害怕以至于待在床上一动不动。
At the time f the typhn, I was s scared that I stayed in bed withut mving.
2. I had truble thinking clearly after that because I was very afraid.
【have truble ding sth在……方面有困难】
由于雨下得非常大，我走路回家相当困难。
I had truble walking hme because it rained heavily.[来源:Z#xx#k.Cm]
3. Ben’s dad was putting pieces f wd ver the windws while his mm was making sure the flashlights and radi were wrking.
【while当……时候，连接两个同时发生的动作】
我爸爸正在关窗户时，我妈妈在扫地。
While my dad was clsing the windws, my mm was sweeping the flr.
4. Althugh the strm brke many things apart, it brught families and neighbrs clser tgether.
【althugh 虽然；尽管】
尽管他累了，但他还是继续工作。
Althugh he was tired, he went n wrking.
（二）用when与while连接两个句子
when是一个从属连词，它引导的是一个时间状语从句，when后通常用短暂性动词；while后通常用持续性动词，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态。
1. I was ding my hmewrk. Typhn Sanmei came. (while)
Typhn Sanmei came while I was ding my hmewrk.
2. My friend, Li Bing, was making his way hme. Typhn Sanmei came. (when)
My friend, Li Bing, was making his way hme when Typhn Sanmei came.
例文：
某英文网站的＂Student Life＂栏目正在向中学生征文，标题为＂ A time when I made smene happy＂，请你写一篇英文稿件，内容需包括以下要点：
1. Wh was the persn yu made happy?
2. When was it?
3. What did yu say r d?
4. Why did it make him/her happy?
5. Hw did yu feel at that mment?
注意：1. 词数：100左右（题目不计入总词数）；
2. 文中不得出现可能透考生真实身份的任何信息。
A time when I made smene happy
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【佳作展示】[来源:学。科。网]
Last summer, thugh it was ht, I vlunteered t teach children English in rural area. When I arrived there, I culdn't adjust t the weather and life style. Hwever, as time went by, I fund myself quite happy when I saw the students I was teaching made great prgress. In rder t teach them, I had t keep n learning as well. As a result, my English imprved a lt. Als, I made friends with sme f my students. We are still keeping in tuch by letter nw.
In a wrd, nt nly did I help thse in need, but als I myself learn a lt that summer. If I have anther chance t d vlunteer wrk, I am ready t g.（1）sleep可作延续性动词，意为＂睡觉＂，也可作名词，意为＂睡眠＂。
e.g. He slept fr tw hurs. 他睡了两个小时。
e.g. He had a lng sleep. 他睡了长长的一觉。
（2）be asleep睡着，asleep作形容词，意为＂睡着的＂，强调状态。
e.g. The by was asleep with his head n his arms. 那个男孩枕着自己的胳膊睡着了。
（3）fall asleep睡着，入睡，表示动作的过程，侧重于指无意识地入睡。
e.g. The ld man sat in his chair, clsed his eyes and fell asleep. 老人坐在扶手椅里，闭上眼睛睡着了。
（4）get t sleep睡着，入眠，强调进入睡眠状态，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。
e.g. I was waiting fr the sund f the ther she! I can’t get t sleep. 我在等另一只鞋的落地声！我睡不着。
（5）g t bed上床睡觉，强调睡的动作，不一定睡着。一般说来，g t bed在前，然后才是g/get t sleep或 fall asleep。
e.g. We usually g t bed at nine ’clck. 我们通常九点钟就寝。
when和while的区别
（1）when意为＂在……时；当……的时候＂，常指在某个时间点，可表示时间点或时间段，由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时。从句中的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。
☞ I was just reading a bk when she came int my rm. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。
（2）while意为＂当……的时候＂，只表示时间段，常指某个时间段，由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去进行时。从句谓语动词必须用延续性动词，且多用于进行时态。强调主句与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。
☞ While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Ta came t see him. 吉姆正在修他的自行车时，林涛来看他了。