精品解析：江苏省南京市鼓楼区2021-2022学年八年级下学期期末英语试题（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：江苏省南京市鼓楼区2021-2022学年八年级下学期期末英语试题（解析版），共24页。试卷主要包含了听力，单项填空，完形填空，阅读理解，语言基础知识，阅读填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、听力（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）（略）
二、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
请认真阅读下列各题，从题中所给的A B、C D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
1. —D yu knw the by called Jack?
—Of curse. We’ve knwn each ther _________ we were nine r ten.
A. befreB. sinceC. untilD. when
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你认识那个叫杰克的男孩吗？——当然了。我们从九岁或十岁就认识了。
考查连词辨析。befre在……之前；since自从；until直到；when当……的时候。由“we were nine r ten”可知，此处表达“自从我们九岁或十岁时”；分析句子可知，本句为现在完成时，“since”可用于现在完成时表示“自从”。故选B。
2. — Hw expensive the magazine is!
— Fashin magazines cst much, _________ if they have lts f clur pictures.
A. especiallyB. mstlyC. mainlyD. exactly
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——这本杂志多贵啊！——时尚杂志很贵，尤其是有很多彩色图片的杂志。
考查副词。especially尤其是；mstly主要地；mainly主要地；exactly准确地。根据下文“if they have lts f clur pictures”可知，此处是对上文时尚杂志很贵的进步解释与说明，故应用especially。故选A。
3. T avid bad experiences, it is imprtant t knw the cultural _________ between cuntries when travelling abrad.
A. backgrundsB. prgrammesC. differencesD. cnditins
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：为了避免不愉快的经历，在出国旅行时了解国家间的文化差异很重要。
考查名词。backgrunds背景；prgrammes节目；differences差异；cnditins条件。根据下文“when travelling abrad”可知，在国外旅行时会遇到文化差异。故选C。
4. —Shall we hld a charity shw t raise mney fr _________?
—That’s a gd idea. We can help sme blind children in pr areas.
A. UNICEFB. OxfamC. WWFD. ORBIS
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——我们要不要举办一场慈善演出来为奥比斯募款？——这是个好主意。我们可以帮助一些贫困地区的盲童。
考查名词辨析。UNICEF联合国儿童基金组织；Oxfam牛津赈灾委员会；WWF世界自然基金会；ORBIS奥比斯（一个致力于为世界各国盲人和眼疾患者恢复光明的慈善机构）。由“ We can help sme blind children”可推断帮助盲童应捐款到奥比斯。故选D。
5. —Daniel, can yu _________ what British humur means?
—British peple usually laugh at themselves t make ther peple feel less nervus.
A. expectB. excuseC. expressD. explain
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——丹尼尔，你能解释一下英式幽默是什么意思吗？——英国人通常会自嘲来让别人不那么紧张。
考查动词辨析。expect期望；excuse原谅；express表达；explain解释。根据“what British humur means?”可推断此处表达“解释英式幽默的意思”。故选D。
6. — Why nt buy sme rice, il and ndles in the supermarket?
— Dn’t wrry. The gvernment makes sure that daily items _________ at this mment.
A. are sldB. will be sldC. are sellingD. have sld
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——为什么不在超市买些米饭、油和面条呢？ ——别担心。政府确保日常用品在此时有售。
考查时态及语态。根据语境可知，从句主语“items”与动词sell之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态，C、D选项可排除。根据句中“at this mment”提示，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。
7. —The apples lk s lvely. Can we pick sme?
—-Better nt. It’s nt harvest time nw. Just _________ them there till they turn red.
A. leaveB. t leaveC. leavingD. left
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——苹果看起来很可爱。我们能挑一些吗？——最好不要。现在不是收获的时候。把它们放在那里直到它们变红。
考查动词用法。分析句子可知此处为祈使句，由“It’s nt harvest time nw. ”可推断后句表达“把它们留在树上吧”，祈使句肯定式用动词原形。故选A。
8. —Yur Gulliver’s Travels seems like an ld ne. Hw lng have yu had it?
— Quite a few years, but I frget when I _________ it.
A. have bughtB. have hadC. was buyingD. bught
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你的《格列佛游记》看起来像一本旧书。你买多久了？——好几年了，但我忘了是什么时候买的。
考查动词时态。由“I frget when”可知此处表达“我忘记什么时候买的了”，“买书”已经发生过了，故时态为一般过去时。故选D。
9. —Must we hand in the exercise when the class is ver, sir?
—I’m afraid s. Yu _________ finish it in fifteen minutes.
A. canB. mayC. willD. have t
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——老师，下课后我们必须交练习吗？——恐怕是的。你必须在十五分钟内完成它。
考查情态动词。can能够；may可以；will会；have t不得不。由“I’m afraid s.”可知这里表达“你必须15分钟之后完成”。故选D。
10. Sally decided t wrk t make men and wmen equal in science. What is the crrect rder f the fllwing fur sentences t help frm a paragraph?
① She wanted t shw girls it is gd t study science.
② She als created Web sites.
③ She wrte science bks.
④ She even started a girl’s science club.
A. ①-③-②-④B. ①-④-②-③C. ③-①-②-④D. ③-②-①-④
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：莎莉决定努力使男女在科学上平等。 以下四个句子组成段落的正确顺序是什么？
考查常识。①She wanted t shw girls it is gd t study science她想让女孩们知道学习科学是件好事；②She als created Web sites她还创建了网站；③She wrte science bks她写了科学书籍；④She even started a girl’s science club她甚至成立了一个女生科学俱乐部。根据常识可知，先要让了解学习科学的好处，所以①排在第一位。根据②句中的als和④句中的even可知，②和④一定不是排在第二位，由此可推断③排在第二位，接下来是②，最后是④，故选A。
11. —Can yu give me sme mre advice t deal with the prblem?
—Srry, I have_________f my ideas.
A. gt utB. run utC. cut utD. taken ut
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你能再给我一些建议来处理这个问题吗？——对不起，我已经没有主意了。
考查动词短语。gt ut出去；run ut耗尽，用完；cut ut切断；taken ut取出。根据“Srry,”可知，是不能给别人建议，即主意已经用完了。故选B。
12. What shuld yu d in public places when yu are in the UK?
A. Push in befre thers.B. Keep yur vice dwn.
C. Stand clse t thers when queuing.D. Greet peple with a kiss.
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】题意：当你在英国时，你应该在公共场所做什么？
考查常识。Push in befre thers.在别人前面插队；Keep yur vice dwn.压低你的声音；Stand clse t thers when queuing.排队时站得离别人近些；Greet peple with a kiss.用亲吻问候他人。根据常识可知，在英国公共场合中应该压低声音，不要吵到他人。故选B。
13. Lk at the message n the right. What des it say?
A. Dad called the cach t change the time.
B. Nick’s lessn will be finished at 6 ’clck.
C. Nick’s lessn this week is n a different day.
D. The swimming cach wn’t give Nick lessns.
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：看右边的信息。上面说什么？
考查情景交际。根据表格内容可知，Nick这周的游泳课由周四变成了周二，故选C。
14. —I gt a B n Bilgy. I thught it wuld be an A.
—_________ Yu’re ding better at least. Yu gt a C last term.
A. What a pity!B. What a shame!C. Cme n.D. Bad luck!
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——我在生物学上得了 B。 我以为会是A。——加油。至少你做得更好。 你上学期得了C。
考查情景交际。What a pity真遗憾；What a shame多可惜；Cme n加油；Bad luck运气不好。根据“Yu’re ding better at least. Yu gt a C last term”可知此处是鼓励对方，选项C符合语境。故选C。
15. — My cusin read a bk n driving last mnth and nw he thinks he can drive.
— Really? _________
A. A glden key can pen any dr.
B. A little knwledge is a dangerus thing.
C. A gd beginning makes a gd ending.
D. A jurney f a thusand miles begins with ne step.
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——我的表弟上个月读了一本关于驾驶的书，现在他认为他可以开车了。——真的吗？一知半解是一件危险的事情。
考查习语。A glden key can pen any dr.金钥匙可以打开任何一扇门；A little knwledge is a dangerus thing一知半解是一件危险的事情；A gd beginning makes a gd ending好的开始有好的结局；A jurney f a thusand miles begins with ne step千里之行始于足下。由“My cusin read a bk n driving last mnth and nw he thinks he can drive.”可知此处表达“读了一点驾驶类书籍就觉得自己会开车”，用“一知半解”来表达符合句意。故选B。
三、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Have yu heard f “the greenhuse effect” r “glbal warming”? As we burn natural gas, il and cal, we release (排放) CO2 and ther ____16____ gases called “greenhuse gases” int the air. These gases act like a blanket t trap the earth’s heat in the atmsphere (大气层). The ____17____ is that bth land and sea temperatures rise.
____18____ is “glbal warming” a bad thing? The answer is that as the Earth warms up, the balance (平衡) f nature changes and there will be mre natural disasters, ____19____ typhns, flds and strms.
Many f the plants we eat d nt grw well ____20____ the temperature is high. As a result many peple may die f hunger. Many plants and animals will als die ut.
____21____ f all, the huge amunts f ice in the Arctic and Antarctic will start t melt (融化). This ____22____ the rise f the sea level. Millins f peple in lw-lying cuntries may have t mve t cuntries abve the new sea level. Peple in cuntries that are t ht may try t mve t cler cuntries.
Wind pwer, water pwer, and slar pwer are clean resurces that d nt ____23____greenhuse gases. Many peple buy electric cars because they are ____24____ t the envirnment. Glbal warming is a real prblem. Hwever, many peple and gvernments are nt taking it _______25_______ enugh. We must stp the prductin f greenhuse gases befre ur Earth gets int mre truble.
16. A. harmfulB. naturalC. usefulD. special
17. A. answerB. accidentC. situatinD. result
18. A. HwB. WhatC. WhyD. When
19. A. fr exampleB. such asC. because fD. just as
20. A. untilB. befreC. ifD. s
21. A. LeastB. WrstC. FirstD. Mst
22. A. carries nB. pens upC. helps withD. leads t
23. A. separateB. includeC. prvideD. prduce
24. A. friendlyB. clseC. cheapD. pen
25. A. carefullyB. seriuslyC. clselyD. wisely
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. C 21. B 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. B
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍了“温室气体”产生的原因及危害。
【16题详解】
句意：当我们燃烧天然气、石油和煤炭时，我们会向空气中释放二氧化碳和其他被称为“温室气体”的有害气体。
harmful有害的；natural自然的；useful有用的；special特殊的。根据“greenhuse gases”可知，这是有害的气体。故选A。
【17题详解】
句意：结果是陆地和海洋温度都上升了。
answer答复；accident事故；situatin情况；result结果。根据“that bth land and sea temperatures rise.”可知，这是“温室气体”导致的结果。故选D。
【18题详解】
句意：为什么“全球变暖”是一件坏事？
Hw怎样；What什么；Why为什么；When什么时候。根据“The answer is that as the Earth warms up, the balance (平衡) f nature changes and there will be mre natural disasters,”可知，这里是问“全球变暖”是一件坏事的原因。故选C。
【19题详解】
句意：答案是，随着地球变暖，自然平衡发生变化，将会有更多的自然灾害，如台风、洪水和风暴。
fr example例如，用于一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中、句末；such as例如，用于常列举同类人或物中的几个例子，不全部列出；because f因为；just as正如。根据“typhns, flds and strms.”可知，这里列举了“全球变暖”的危害，中间没有标点符号，因此用such as。故选B。
【20题详解】
句意：如果温度高，我们吃的许多植物生长不好。
until直到；befre之前；if如果；s所以。句子“the temperature is high.”是“Many f the plants we eat d nt grw well”的条件，因此用if引导。故选C。
【21题详解】
句意：最糟糕的是，北极和南极的大量冰将开始融化。
Least最少的；Wrst最糟的；First第一；Mst最多的。根据“the huge amunts f ice in the Arctic and Antarctic will start t melt (融化).”可知，这是“全球变暖”最糟糕的。故选B。
【22题详解】
句意：这导致海平面上升。
carries n继续进行；pens up打开；helps with有助于；leads t导致。根据“the rise f the sea level.”可知，这是“全球变暖”导致的结果。故选D。
【23题详解】
句意：风力、水力和太阳能是不产生温室气体的清洁资源。
separate分离；include包括；prvide提供；prduce生产。根据“Wind pwer, water pwer, and slar pwer are clean resurces that d nt…greenhuse gases.”可知，风力、水力和太阳能是不产生温室气体的。故选D。
【24题详解】
句意：许多人购买电动汽车是因为它们对环境友好。
friendly友爱的；clse关闭的；cheap便宜的；pen开着的。根据“Many peple buy electric cars because they are…t the envirnment.”可知，电动汽车对环境是好的。故选A。
25题详解】
句意：然而，许多人和政府并没有足够认真地对待这一问题。
carefully小心地；seriusly认真地；clsely紧密地；wisely明智地。根据“Glbal warming is a real prblem.”及后文的Hwever, 判断，应该是许多人和政府并没有足够认真地对待这一问题。故选B。
四、阅读理解（共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分）
请认真阅读下列材料，从材料后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
26. Wh is the right persn fr Beach Clean-up Club?
A. Saffia.B. Harper.C. Ali.D. Ramn.
27. Students can take part in the events rganized by ________ t make their schl green.
A. Animal HmeB. Wildlife WatchC. Beach Clean-up ClubD. Zer Waste Club
【答案】26. D 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文左侧介绍四个人想做的事情，右侧是四个组织或俱乐部的需求。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Ramn lives by the sea. He is wrried abut pllutin there and he wants t d smething abut it.”可知Ramn是海滩清理俱乐部的合适人选，故选D。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Start a recycling club at yur schl. Jin ur nline cmmunity and share ideas. The purpse is t make yur schl a zer waste area.”（在你的学校建立一个回收俱乐部。 加入我们的在线社区并分享想法。 目的是使您的学校成为零废物区。）可知学生可以参加零废物俱乐部组织的活动，故选D。
B
We celebrated Earth Day in my city last week. The idea f this special day began in the 1960 when life was very different. Few peple talked, r even thught, abut the envirnment. Mst peple had n idea hw dirty ur air and water were. This wrried Gaylrd Nelsn, wh was a senatr (参议员) in the US gvernment, and he had an idea. If peple arund the wrld knew the Earth was in danger, they might wrk harder t save it, s he just needed t get their attentin (注意). The first Earth Day was just in the United States, but it led t events every year all arund the wrld n April 22 r the nearest weekend depending n where yu are.
In my city, last Saturday afternn lts f peple rde their bikes frm the park, arund the twn tgether and back t the park, spending as much time as they pssibly culd, s that the cars had t wait. Then we talked t all the drivers in cars which just had ne persn in them, t explain hw wasteful that is and hw much pllutin it causes. The idea was t make peple think abut hw much they use their cars. In ther places, peple cllected plastic bags fr a week and then made a pile f them in the twn square. Yu can d anything as lng as it makes peple f all ages cme tgether fr a few hurs and talk abut the envirnment. Last year we had a big music event fr yung peple. Sme peple said it was a waste f time, but there was infrmatin fr peple t read and annuncements (公告) between the bands abut hw t help prtect the envirnment.
28. What is the writer trying t d?
A. T intrduce different events fr Earth Day.
B. T explain why Earth Day happens every year.
C. T ask peple t take part in this year’s Earth Day.
D. T ffer advice t peple rganizing an Earth Day event.
29. What happened n Earth Day this year in the writer’s city?
A. Peple rde slwly thrugh the streets.
B. Cars were nt allwed in the city centre.
C. Cars had t have mre than ne persn in them.
D. There was a big music event abut car pllutin.
30. What des the writer think is the mst imprtant thing abut Earth Day events?
A. There shuld be sme music.B. They shuld last all day lng.
C. Yung peple shuld shw interest.D. Peple shuld take an active part.
31. Which sentence may we read in tmrrw’s newspaper abut Earth Day?
A. The first Earth Day was unsuccessful t the rganizers.
B. Earth Day events are n the same day in cuntries arund the wrld.
C. Many mre cuntries take part in Earth Day nw than when it first began.
D. Gaylrd Nelsn travelled arund the wrld t advise peple t rganize events n the first Éarth Day.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了起源于美国的“地球日”如今在世界各地都有人参与，人们举办了各种活动来庆祝“地球日”并保护环境。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据原文“but it led t events every year all arund the wrld n April 22”可知，文中作者想要描述的是每年4月22日“地球日”全球各地会举办的活动。故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据原文“Then we talked t all the drivers in cars which just had ne persn in them, t explain hw wasteful that is and hw much pllutin it causes”可知，作者所在的城市“地球日”这天会让只坐一人的汽车提高载人数量，避免浪费和造成更多的污染。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据原文“Yu can d anything as lng as it makes peple f all ages cme tgether fr a few hurs and talk abut the envirnment”可知，“地球日”不论进行什么活动都好，只要积极参与进来就行了。故选D。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据原文“The first Earth Day was just in the United States, but it led t events every year all arund the wrld n April 22 r the nearest weekend depending n where yu are”可知，现在参加“地球日”的国家比刚开始的时候多得多。故选C。
C
Sharn first started vlunteering at the age f 16. It was the summer befre high schl, and she hadn’t really understd the meaning behind ding smething fr thers until that day.
Sharn was jining a charity grup t the Rnald McDnald Huse (RMH) in Dallas, Texas. RMH is a “hme-away-frm-hme” fr families s they can stay clse by their hspitalized (住院的) child at little r n cst.
Sharn remembers her first time walking int RMH — nervus and afraid f saying the wrng thing. After nly 5 minutes, she gt t knw families. “That day, I played with kids, laughed with the adults, and heard many stries.” says Sharn. Since then, she has vlunteered with RMH. She likes the jy her vlunteering brings t thers.
A smile that will always live in Sharn’s memry came frm a girl named Carline — a patient whse family stayed at RMH.
Carline had bne cancer (癌症) and her treatment made eating very difficult fr her. One day Carline’s mm tried hard t get her t eat mre f her dinner. T help, Sharn tld Carline: If she ate 5 bites, Sharn wuld d whatever she wanted. Sharn didn’t knw that meant dance in frnt f everyne! Carline’s grin grew frm ear-t-ear.
“I feel like I’ve becme mre caring and selfless since I started vlunteering. I search fr jy in the jy I ffer t thers,” says Sharn.
Sharn has ne piece f advice fr thse wh have never vlunteered.
“DO IT! Just try it nce and I wn’t even have t tell yu t d it again. Vlunteering is ne f thse things yu can g int with high expectatins (期待) and yur experience there will be far mre than that.”
32. Wh can get help frm RMH?
A. The Greens whse sn is ill in hspital.
B. Timmy wh lst his hme in an earthquake.
C. Christpher wh can’t affrd t g t hspital.
D. Justin wh was brn with intellectual disabilities.
33. Hw was Sharn after her vlunteering?
A. Patient.B. Excited.C. Selfless.D. Thankful.
34. Carlin’s grin grew frm ear-t-ear because _________.
A. she had a big dinner with mmB. Sharn’s dance made her laugh
C. her mm cked her a nice mealD. Sharn liked t dance in public
35. What des Sharn mean by saying “I wn’t even have t tell yu t d it again.”?
A. Yu dn’t have t d t much vlunteering.
B. Yu will never stp vlunteering after yu start it.
C. Yu wn’t start vlunteering until yu’re tld t d.
D. Yu will never d vlunteering again after trying nce.
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. B 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍了Sharn在RMH做志愿者的经历，以及志愿者经历对她的人生的影响。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据“RMH is a “hme-away-frm-hme” fr families s they can stay clse by their hspitalized (住院的) child at little r n cst.”可知，格林的儿子生病住院，他的家人可以从RMH获得帮助。故选A。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据“I feel like I’ve becme mre caring and selfless since I started vlunteering.”可知，Sharn做志愿工作后感觉自己变得更加关心他人，更加无私。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Sharn didn’t knw that meant dance in frnt f everyne!”可以推知，卡罗琳笑得合不拢嘴，应该是因为莎伦的舞蹈让她开怀大笑。故选B。
【35题详解】
词句猜测题。根据“Vlunteering is ne f thse things yu can g int with high expectatins (期待) and yur experience there will be far mre than that.”可以推知划线句子“I wn’t even have t tell yu t d it again.”的含义为：在你开始做志愿者之后，你永远不会停止。故选B。
第二卷 非选择题（满分50分）
五、语言基础知识（共20小题；每小题1分, 满分20分）
A) 根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。
36. — Lily, please wash the dishes after supper.
— N, dad. I’m sure it’s yur ________ (轮流) t d that.
【答案】turn
【解析】
【详解】句意：——莉莉，晚饭后请洗碗。——不，爸爸。我相信该轮到你做那件事了。yur后接名词，根据中文提示，可拼写出单词turn，名词。故填turn。
37. “Every child has a _____ (权利) t educatin. Yu must send yur daughter t schl,” a pliceman said t a yung father.
【答案】right
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】句意：一名警察对一位年轻的父亲说：“每个儿童都有受教育的权利，你必须送你的女儿上学”。right是可数名词，意为“权利”，不定冠词a后接可数名词单数。故填right。
38. —Wuld yu like t have a secnd piece f cake, Suzy?
—Thank yu. It seems t gd t ________（拒绝）.
【答案】refuse
【解析】
【详解】句意：——苏西，你想再吃一块蛋糕吗？——谢谢你。这似乎太好了，让人难以拒绝。refuse“拒绝”，是动词，空前有t，动词用原形，故填refuse。
39. Althugh brn in America, Gu Ailing has sme ________（相似）taste in fd t us, such as eating Jiucaihezi.
【答案】similar
【解析】
【详解】句意：虽然生在美国，但谷爱凌在饮食上和我们有一些相似的口味，比如吃韭菜合子。由所给汉意可知此处考查形容词“similar”表示“相似的”，作定语修饰名词“taste”。故填similar。
40. Sme students ften write their articles ________（粗心地）withut nticing punctuatin marks.
【答案】carelessly
【解析】
【详解】句意：有些学生写文章时常常粗心大意，没有注意到标点符号。根据中文提示可知，carelessly表述“粗心地”，副词修饰动词。故填carelessly。
B) 请根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
41. I’m in the schl ftball team, s I d ftball ________ (train) at least twice a week.
【答案】training
【解析】
【详解】句意：我在学校足球队，所以我每周至少进行两次足球训练。train为动词，表示“培训训练”，由“d ftball”可知此处表达“进行足球训练”，需要名词表达，故表达为“d ftball training”。故填training。
42. T be a gd student, yu shuld plan yur time well and use every minute ______ (wise).
【答案】wisely
【解析】
【详解】句意：要成为一名好学生，你应该好好计划时间，明智地利用每一分钟。所给词“wise”为形容词“明智的”，由“use every minute”可知这里需要副词修饰动词“use”，“wise”的副词为“wisely”。故填wisely。
43. It’s prper fr us ________ (shake) hands with thers when we are first intrduced t each ther.
【答案】t shake
【解析】
【详解】句意：当我们第一次被介绍给对方时，我们与他人握手是正确的。shake hands“握手”，句子是结构“it is adj. fr sb. t d sth.”，意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”，动词不定式作真正的主语。故填t shake。
44. If yu have t push past thers, remember t avid ________ (tuch) their bdies.
【答案】tuching
【解析】
【详解】句意：如果您必须推开他人，请记住避免触摸他们的身体。固定短语avid ding sth.“避免做某事”。故填tuching。
45. The car smetimes ges wrng. It may cause accidents if it ________ (nt check) right away.
【答案】is nt checked##isn’t checked
【解析】
【详解】句意：汽车有时会出问题。 如果不立即检查，可能会导致事故。句子是if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主语“it”和谓语“check检查”之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are dne，主语是it，be动词用is，is nt=isn’t。故填is nt/isn’t checked。
根据短文内容，从下面方框中选择适当的单词或词组填空，使短文内容完整正确。
There are many steps in making a bttle f water and many natural resurces are used.
First, the il is ____46____ frm the earth. Then il is cleaned and is made int plastic pellets（颗粒）in a plastic factry. And plastic pellets are ____47____ bttle prefrms（粗加工的成品）.
Prefrms are heated and shaped int bttles. The bttles are brught t the bttling factry where they are ____48____water. The bttles are ready and they are transprted t the shp. Bttles f water are sld and brught t ____49____ huses.
Mst f the plastic bttles are thrwn away and end up in landfills（垃圾填埋场）r in the envirnment. The plastic bttles ____50____ 5400 t 1,000 years t break dwn. They shuld be cllected and sent t a factry that turns them int ther plastic prducts.
【答案】46. taken ut
47. made int
48. filled with
49. thusands f
50. need
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述瓶装水产生的过程以及瓶子的处理。
【46题详解】
句意：首先，把石油从地下取出来。结合常识可知石油是从地底下取出来，所以使用动词短语take ut，与il是被动关系，使用被动语态，所以空格处应填入过去分词。故填taken ut。
【47题详解】
句意：塑料颗粒被制成瓶坯。结合语境和常识可知瓶坯是用塑料颗粒做成的，所以使用短语be made int，表示“被制成……”。故填made int。
【48题详解】
句意：这些瓶子被带到装瓶厂，在那里装满水。根据语境可知这些瓶子应该是要装满水，所以使用fill with，表示“装满”，与bttles是被动关系，使用被动语态，所以空格处应填入过去分词。故填filled with。
49题详解】
句意：瓶装水被卖向千家万户。thusand f为固定短语，表示“成千上万”，修饰后面的名词huses。故填thusands f。
【50题详解】
句意：塑料瓶需要5400到1000年才能分解。need为动词，表示“需要”，结合上下文可知时态为一般现在时，主语为bttles，所以使用动词原形。故填need。
D) 请根据汉语句子及后面括号中的提示，将下列句子译成英语。
51. 本次慈善义演是为了募集资金。(The purpse f…)
______________________________________________________________
【答案】The purpse f this charity shw is t raise mney.
【解析】
【详解】根据汉语以及所给单词提示可知此处使用固定句型“The purpse f sth.+is t d…”，表示“做……为了……”，动词不定式作表语。本次慈善义演：this charity shw；筹集：raise；资金：mney。故填The purpse f this charity shw is t raise mney.
52. 因为每年许多人看不起病。(affrd t…)
______________________________________________________________
【答案】Because lts f (a lt f/many) peple can’t affrd t see a dctr every year.
【解析】
【详解】因为：because；每年：every year；许多人：lts f/a lt f/many peple；负担不起：can’t affrd t…，后面接动词原形；看病：see a dctr。本句为because引导的原因状语从句，because位于句首，首字母要大写；根据题干中的“每年”可知时态为一般现在时。故填Because lts f (a lt f/many) peple can’t affrd t see a dctr every year.
53. 一部分钱用来支付他们的医疗费。(be used…)
______________________________________________________________
【答案】Sme f the mney is used t pay fr their treatment.
【解析】
【详解】一部分钱：sme f the mney；被用来……：be used t d…；支付：pay fr；他们的治疗费：their treatment。主语是sme f the mney，所以be动词使用is。故填Sme f the mney is used t pay fr their treatment.
54. 我们也需要一些资金继续开展工作。(carry n with…)
______________________________________________________________
【答案】We als need sme mney t carry n with ur wrk.
【解析】
【详解】我们we；也需要als need；一些资金sme mney；继续开展工作carry n with ne’s wrk。根据语境，可知此句应用一般现在时，“继续开展工作”是“需要一些资金”的目的，应用动词不定式t d来表达。主语为we，因此ne’s用形容词性物主代词ur。故填We als need sme mney t carry n with ur wrk.
55. 如果大家都伸出援手，这个世界会更美好。(a helping hand)
______________________________________________________________
【答案】If everybdy can give a helping hand the wrld will be better.
【解析】
【详解】根据中文提示中的“如果”可知此句应写if引导的条件状语从句，注意“主将从现”的原则，主句时态为一般将来时，从句时态为一般现在时。故填：If everybdy can give a helping hand, the wrld will be better。
六、阅读填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
请认真阅读下面短文，在文章后的表格中第71~80小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
Charity is big business: in 2020 abut 410 billin yuan was raised fr charity in China. But every year there is mre suffering in the news. Smetimes it feels like peple ask us fr mney everywhere we g. With s many charities, hw can they get enugh mney?
Charity is nt a mdern idea. Over the years peple have fund new and interesting ways t get the mney they need. In 3500 BC King Hammurabai f Babyln encuraged（鼓励）his peple t share their wealth with their prest neighburs. Fr thusands f years, the wrld’s main religins（宗教）have encuraged peple t d the same. In the1970s mre and mre peple had televisins, s charities made films f suffering（受苦）children and brught the wrld prblems straight int peple’s hmes. The 1980s was a time f big business, s charities became mre business-like: they made mney by making and selling everything frm Christmas cards t summer hlidays!
In the 1990s, famus peple like Claudia Schiffer and Michael Jrdan made millins f dllars fr big internatinal cmpanies like Citren and Nike. S charities started using famus peple t. During the 1990s Sting planned music events fr the Rainfrest Fundatin. With help frm ther singers, he earned mre than $10 millin t help prtect the lives f peple living in rainfrests.
Tday, charities are using the “persnal tuch” t earn mney. Peple give mre when they can see their mney wrking in the area they live in, and when they have a persnal relatinship（关系）with the charity.
Sme peple never give t charities. They say that their mney cannt mend these wrld-wide prblems. This is true, but mst peple knw that a little help is better than nne. Lk mre clsely at charity wrk and yu will see that each persn can d smething t make ur wrld better.
【答案】56. dnated
57. times 58. rich
59. spread 60. smething
61. help 62. living
63. willing
64. Cnclusin
65. difference
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了慈善事业的有关内容以及呼吁人们投身到慈善事业中去。
【56题详解】
根据“Charity is big business: in 2020 abut 410 billin yuan was raised fr charity in China.”可知，2020年，中国为慈善事业筹集了约4100亿元，也就是中国人捐了4100亿元，dnated符合句意；故填dnated。
【57题详解】
根据“Over the years peple have fund new and interesting ways t get the mney they need.”可知，讲述了不同时代的捐款的方式，times“时代”符合句意，故填times。
【58题详解】
根据“In 3500 BC King Hammurabai f Babyln encurage his peple t share their wealth with their prest neighburs.可知，鼓励富人与穷人分享财富，the rich“富人”，故填rich。
【59题详解】
根据“In the1970s mre and mre peple had televisins, s charities made films f suffering（受苦）children and brught the wrld prblems straight int peple’s hmes.”可知，通过电视传播受苦孩子的消息，结合help t d，需要动词原形，spread“传播”符合句意；故填spread。
【60题详解】
根据“The 1980s was a time f big business, s charities became mre business-like: they made mney by making and selling everything frm Christmas cards t summer hlidays!”可知，通过类似商业的模式来挣钱，smething符合句意；故填smething。
【61题详解】
根据“In the 1990s, famus peple like Claudia Schiffer and Michael Jrdan made millins f dllar fr big internatinal cmpanies like Citren and Nike.”可知，通过名人效应来筹集金钱，with the help f“在……的帮助下”，help符合句意；故填help。
【62题详解】
根据“Peple give mre when they can see their mney wrking in the area they live in, and when they have a persnal relatinship（关系）with the charity.”可知，当人们看到他们的钱在他们居住的地区发挥作用，当他们与慈善机构有私人关系时，他们会捐得更多，living area“生活区域”符合句意；故填living。
【63题详解】
根据“Peple give mre when they can see their mney wrking in the area they live in, and when they have a persnal relatinship（关系）with the charity.”可知，当人们看到他们的钱在他们居住的地区发挥作用，当他们与慈善机构有私人关系时，他们会捐得更多，be willing t d“愿意做某事”，willing符合句意；故填willing。
【64题详解】
根据最后一段内容可知，是总结全文的，Cnclusin“总结”符合句意；故填Cnclusin。
【65题详解】
根据“This is true, but mst peple knw that a little help is better than nne.”可知，一点帮助都能起到很大作用，make a big difference“有影响”符合句意；故填difference。
请根据短文内容和首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
China is an ld cuntry with a rich culture. When travelling t China, understanding Chinese culture and custms is i____66____ fr yu t behave in a gd way.
It’s becming ppular fr freigners t be invited int Chinese hmes. Being invited t a Chinese family’s hme can be a wnderful and warm e____67____. Chinese peple are knwn t be very welcming（好客）. When yu’re invited t a Chinese family’s hme, make sure yu arrive n time. Dn’t frget t say gd wrds abut s____68____ yu like in the huse. Gifts are usually given when visiting smene’s hme r being invited fr dinner. Chinese peple like t r____69____ fruit r tea in a nice bx r basket.
After sme small talks, cmes the dinner. A Chinese dinner table is a happy place, f____70____ f delicius fd and cnversatin. When invited ver fr dinner, make sure t ntice what everybdy else is ding and try t d the s____71____. Yu’d better eat plenty f fd t shw yu’re enjying it. Dn’t finish ff the whle dish, but leave a small amunt f fd n the plates. It shws that the hst has p____72____ enugh fd.
Fr freigners, Chinese peple may be very curius（好奇的）. Chinese peple aren’t afraid t ask persnal questins, even if yu’ve met fr the f____73____ time. S, dn’t be surprised t be asked things like yur age, yur educatin r yur wrk. Yu d nt have t answer these questins. If yu dn’t want t talk abut yur wn life, j____74____ explain t them.
Enjy yurself in the warm and welcming wrld f the lcal Chinese. As a g____75____ in China, yu will get special treatment. And yur hsts make sure yu will have a gd time.
【答案】66. (i)mprtant
67. (e)xperience
68. (s)mething
69. (r)eceive
70. (f)ull 71. (s)ame
72. (p)repared
73. (f)irst
74. (j)ust 75. (g)uest
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍去中国旅行时需要注意的事项。
【66题详解】
句意：去中国旅游时，了解中国的文化和习俗对你的行为举止很重要。根据“When travelling t China, understanding Chinese culture and custms is yu t behave in a gd way.”可知，去一个地方旅行，了解中国的文化和习俗对你的行为举止很重要，imprtant“重要的”，在句中作表语，故填(i)mprtant。
【67题详解】
句意：被邀请到中国家庭做客是一种美妙而温暖的体验。根据“Being invited t a Chinese family’s hme can be a wnderful and warm e...”可知，被邀请去中国家庭做客是好的体验，experience“体验”，此前有a修饰，使用名词单数形式，故填(e)xperience。
【68题详解】
句意：别忘了称赞家里你喜欢的东西。根据“Dn’t frget t say gd wrds abut like in the huse.”可知，别忘了称赞你喜欢的东西，用不定代词smething作宾语，故填(s)mething。
【69题详解】
句意：中国人喜欢收到装在漂亮盒子或篮子里的水果或茶。根据“Chinese peple like t r tea in a nice bx r basket.”可知，中国人喜欢收到水果和茶，receive“收到”，like t d sth“喜欢做某事”，故填(r)eceive。
【70题详解】
句意：中国的餐桌是一个快乐的地方，充满了美味的食物和交谈。根据“A Chinese dinner table is a happy place, delicius fd and cnversatin.”可知，此处是full f短语，意为“充满”，故填(f)ull。
【71题详解】
句意：当被邀请来家里吃饭时，一定要注意到其他人在做什么，并试着做同样的事情。根据“When invited ver fr dinner, make sure t ntice what everybdy else is ding and try t d the s...”可知，跟其他人做相同的事，same“相同的事物”，故填(s)ame。
【72题详解】
句意：这表明主人已经准备了足够的食物。根据“Dn’t finish ff the whle dish, but leave a small amunt f fd n the plates. It shws that the hst has fd.”可知，剩点食物证明主人准备充足，prepare“准备”，用于现在完成时结构中，故填(p)repared。
【73题详解】
句意：中国人不怕问私人问题，即使你们是第一次见面。根据“Chinese peple aren’t afraid t ask persnal questins, even if yu’ve met fr the ”可知，此处是fr the first time短语，意为“第一次”，故填(f)irst。
【74题详解】
句意：如果你不想谈论自己的生活，就向他们解释。根据“If yu dn’t want t talk abut yur wn life, t them.”可知，如果你不想谈论自己的生活，就向他们解释，just“就，只”符合语境，故填(j)ust。
【75题详解】
句意：作为中国的客人，你会得到特殊待遇。根据“As a g... in China, yu will get special treatment.”可知，客人会得到特殊待遇，guest“客人”，此前有a修饰，使用名词单数形式，故填(g)uest。
七、书面表达（满分10分）
76. 假如你是Li Hua，曾在你校交流学习的Daniel给你写了一封邮件。请你根据Daniel的邮件内容及下面所给的关于Prject Hpe的相关信息，用英语回一封电子邮件。
Dear Li Hua,
I’m srry fr nt replying t yur email. I’m busy with my vlunteer wrk fr UNICEF. I remember that yu are a Prject Hpe vlunteer. Wuld yu please tell me smething abut it? And what have yu dne fr Prject Hpe? Als, I’d like t knw yur feelings abut yur vlunteer wrk.
I’m lking frward t yur reply.
Best wishes,
Daniel
注意:
1. 内容涵盖要点，全文连贯通顺。
2. 词数80左右（已给出的邮件开头和结尾不计入总词数）。
3. 文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。
Dear Daniel,
I’m glad t hear frm yu. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs
Li Hua
【答案】例文
Dear Daniel,
I’m glad t hear frm yu. I d vlunteer fr prject Hpe. Nw let me tell yu smething abut it. First f all, Prject Hpe was established in 1989. It aims at helping children in pr areas. Keep them in schl, feed them, clthes them. My wrk is mainly t select children frm pr areas and recrd them. In additin, I smetimes distribute supplies t the children. I like this jb very much, because I think it is very happy and meaningful t help thse children.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【详解】1.题干解读：本文是一篇电子邮件。根据Daniel的邮件内容及所给的关于Prject Hpe的相关信息，写一篇邮件回复Daniel。
2.写作指导：本文时态使用一般现在时；人称以第一人称为主。写作时首先涵盖要点，针对希望工程的目的可适当发挥，围绕主题内容，不偏题。文章语句确保通顺，无单词语法错误。Ali is interested in finding ut abut hw t help animals in his neighburhd.
Animal Hme
We prvide a hme fr cats and dgs whse wners dn’t want them any mre. We need yung peple t help us clean ut the cages and prepare fd.
Ramn lives by the sea. He is wrried abut pllutin there and he wants t d smething abut it.
Wildlife Watch
Our mnthly utings will ffer yu a chance t take a clse lk at the lcal wildlife. Cme and jin us!
Harper cares much abut hw t deal with the waste in her schl. She wants t rganize sme events.
Beach Clean-up Club
We need mre yung peple t help us pick up all the plastic bttles and bags n the beach. We als clear il frm the sand and rcks and check t see if the water is clean.
Saffia is an animal-lver. She is crazy abut watching wild animals.
Zer Waste Club
Start a recycling club at yur schl. Jin ur nline cmmunity and share ideas. The purpse is t make yur schl a zer waste area.
need made int thusands f taken ut filled with
Charities
Big business
In 2020 peple ____56____ abut 410 billin yuan t charity in China.
Ways f raising mney in different ____57____
 In 3500 BC
In Babyln the ____58____ were encuraged t share their wealth with the pr.
 In the 1970s
TV helped t ____59____ the news f suffering children and the wrld’s prblems quickly and widely.
 In the 1980s
Charities made mney by ____60____ like businesses.
 In the 1990s
Charities raised mney with the ____61____ f famus peple.
 Tday
Peple will give mre if their mney wrks in the ____62____ area.
Peple are ____63____ t give mre when they have a clse relatinship with the charity.
____64____
 Everyne can d smething t help.
 A little help can make a big _____65_____.
Prject Hpe
Time
set up in 1989
Purpse
help children in pr areas...