精品解析：江苏省南京市玄武区2021-2022学年八年级下学期期末英语试题（原卷版）

这是一份精品解析：江苏省南京市玄武区2021-2022学年八年级下学期期末英语试题（原卷版），共16页。
●本试卷共11页，全卷满分120分，考试时间为120分钟。试卷包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。
●请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。
●答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑，如有改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效。
第Ⅰ卷 选择题（共60分）
一、听力（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
听对话回答第1—10小题。每段对话听两遍。
1. What is the girl's father busy ding?
A. B. C.
2. Which charity is mentined in the cnversatin?
A. B. C.
3. What has the by's grandfather just received?
A. B. C.
4. What can the man get fr free?
A. B. C.
5. Which means f transprt are they talking abut?
A. B. C.
6. What des the man think f the peple in Tky?
A They are rude. B. They have gd manners. C. They bey all the rules.
7. What kind f bks des Michael like?
A. He likes bks abut histry.
B. He likes bks abut schl life.
C. He likes bks abut great peple.
8. When can the wman take a train back?
A. 3：30 p.m. B. 4：00 p.m. C. 4：30 p.m.
9. Hw lng has the man's wife wrked in the factry?
A. 8 years. B. 10 years. C. 12 years.
10. What des the new law prtect?
A. Animals. B. Children. C. The Envirnment.
听一段对话，回答第11—12小题。听两遍。
11. When was China's Prject Hpe started?
A. In 1989. B. In 1999. C. In 2006.
12. What des Liu Qiang usually d t help the pr children?
A. He sells his bks t make mney.
B. He des a part-time jb in Prject Hpe.
C. He dnates his pcket mney and sme ther things.
听第一篇短文，回答第13—16小题。听两遍。
13. A. n TV B. in a bk C. in newspapers
14. A. 15 May B. 15 April C. 16 April
15. A. basketball B. baseball C. sccer
16. A sister B. friend C. dg
听第二篇短文，回答第17—20小题。听两遍。
17. Bridge painters need t bring the fllwing things t wrk except__________.
A. Special tls. B. Special clthes. C. Special drinks.
18. What des a bridge painter have t d befre painting a famus bridge?
A. He has t g t cllege fr educatin.
B He needs t wrk with ther painters.
C. He needs t have a lt f experience.
19. Wh cannt be a bridge painter?
A. A persn wh is t shrt.
B. A persn wh is afraid f heights.
C. A persn wh likes wrking utdrs.
20. What can a bridge painter d during wrk?
A. Eat r drink. B. G t the bathrm. C. See views far away.
二、单项选择（满分15分，每小题1分）
1. —Culd yu manage, if yu dn’t mind, ________ the wrk n time?
—N wrries, I’m wrking n it.
A. finishB. finishedC. finishingD. t finish
2. —Hw did yu learn t d cmputer prgramming?
—________ taking an nline curse. I have already learnt t design sme apps ________ this way.
A. By; nB. By; inC. With; inD. With; n
3. AI will surely play an imprtant rle in ur future lives. But it ________ be used in a prper way.
A. canB. willC. needD. must
4. Lenard, famus as an artist, als succeeded in many ther different fields, ________ Bilgy and Gegraphy.
A. includeB. includedC. includingD. t include
5. She was ill last week. But she is ________ t g t schl tday.
A. well enughB. enugh wellC. gd enughD. enugh gd
6. Accrding t the lcal gvernment, lts f new railways ________ in rder t imprve the traffic situatin in the next five years.
A. builtB. will buildC. will be builtD. have been built
7. —The cars made in Germany are mre expensive than ________ made in Japan.
—Yes, yu are right. But German cars seem safer.
A. itB. nesC. thatD. thse
8. We are ging ut fr a picnic tmrrw. I’ll call Simn t make sure ________ t meet.
A. whyB. whatC. whenD. which
9. The restaurant in Deji Plaza ________ fr tw mnths, but I ________ there s far.
A. has pened; haven’t gneB. has been pen; haven’t been
C. has been pened; haven’t beenD. has been pen; haven’t been t
10. —Can yu tell me hw t save water?
—Of curse. Fr example, cllect rain water r ________ the water t d sme cleaning after ________ yur face.
A. reuse; washB. reuse; washingC. reusing; washD. reusing; washing
11. Attentin! Please! Withut permissin, children ________ in the lake.
A. dn’t allw t swimB. dn’t allw swimming
C. are nt allwed t swimD. are nt allwed t swimming
12. —Let’s g t the z this weekend.
—Dad, yu said s last week and the week befre. ________.
A. N pain, n gainB. Practice makes perfect
C. It never rains but pursD. Actins speak luder than wrds
13. There is a ________ in the sentence “Other natural resurces like cal, il and natural gas dig up frm the grund.”
A. missing wrdB. spelling mistakeC. wrd usage mistakeD. grammatical mistake
14. If yu want t describe the inside f the schl library, yu’d better rganize the ideas in ________.
A. space rderB. time rderC. general t specificD. specific t general
15. —It shuldn’t take lng t clear up if we all vlunteer t help.
—________. Many hands make light wrk.
A. I’m nt sureB. I’m afraid ntC. Of curse ntD. I can’t agree mre
三、完型填空（满分10分，每小题1分）
Jellyfish are badly named. They are neither a fish nr made f jelly. Instead, their bdies are ____16____ 95% water and 5% slid matter. They have been in existence fr at least half a billin years. Yes, they are ____17____ than dinsaurs. Surprisingly, they dn’t have a brain, a heart, r lungs（肺）. Yu may wnder hw they can pssibly survive withut these vital rgans, but ____18____ is fr the best. They dn’t have lungs because their skin is ____19____ thin that they can absrb（吸收）xygen thrugh it. They dn’t need a heart t pump bld because they dn’t have any. And they have a nerve net—which is sensitive t tuch—belw their uter skin. They respnd t the changes in their envirnment using signals frm the nerve net, s they dn’t need a ____20____ t prcess cmplex thughts.
Their variety is nearly endless. Mst f them are umbrella—shaped and have tentacles（触角）. Sme jellyfish have very lng tentacles. ____21____, they never get tangled up r sting themselves. That’s because the tentacles are very slippery（滑的）and will nly sting ther animals. Mst jellyfish have ____22____ r n visin, but they can detect light and cean currents, which helps them t navigate and mve. A few species can als recgnize clur and have a 360-degree view f their envirnment.
Jellyfish cme in all ____23____, frm 0.5 millimeters t the giant Nmura’s jellyfish, which can measure up t tw meters in diameter and weigh ver 200 kilgrams. While jellyfish are beautiful, they can als be ____24____. Sme jellyfish txins can be deadly t humans, such as thse frm the bx jellyfish and the Australian Irukandji, but deaths are relatively rare given the number f jellyfish-sting victims every year. In any case, it’s better t stay _____25_____ the way f any jellyfish yu may see! Yu can g swimming with dlphins, but yu definitely want t think twice befre swimming with jellyfish.
16. A. made inB. made fC. made frmD. made up f
17. A. lderB. biggerC. smallerD. yunger
18. A. nthingB. anythingC. smethingD. everything
19. A. sB. tC. suchD. very
20. A. lungB. brainC. heartD. tentacle
21. A. ButB. AnywayC. HweverD. Otherwise
22. A. gdB. muchC. littleD. a little
23. A. typesB. sizesC. lksD. clurs
24. A. pleasantB. dangerusC. surprisingD. interesting
25. A. inB. nC. awayD. ut f
四、阅读理解（满分15分，每小题1分）
（A）
26. Where can yu take part in the activity Lst and Fund?
A. At Arts Cuncil f England.B. At mayr’s ffice f Lndn.
C. At Lndn Transprt Museum.D. At Lndn Transprt’s Lst Prperty Office.
27. Which f the fllwing is NOT TRUE accrding t the pster?
A. Children dn’t need t pay fr the tickets.
B. The activity will last fr mre than tw weeks.
C. Yu can meet Emily Rand and Kate Wilkinsn.
D. The things n shw are dnated by children’s authrs.
（B）
After her cllege clsed fr the first lckdwn in March 2020, Finty Ryle was lking fr smething t d in her cmmunity t help peple. When a lcal cmpany said that it wanted smene t deliver free meals fr families in need, it was perfect fr Ryle. She cycled 25 miles arund her area every day t hand ut the meals. Speaking t The Week Junir, she said, “The children gt very excited t see me every day. There was even ne family wh had drawn a picture in chalk f smene cycling thrugh a rainbw in frnt f their huse.”
Ryle aged 19, has nw becme a yuth member f a charity called Magic Breakfast, which aims t prvide pupils acrss the UK with healthy breakfasts t help them learn as well as they can at schl. She says the best thing yu can have fr breakfast is prridge because it’s gd fr yu and it keeps yu ging fr the whle mrning.
Magic Breakfast’s yuth members, including Ryle, have written t Prime Minister Bris Jhnsn t ask him t increase the gvernment’s funding fr free schl breakfasts by £75 millin. As fd prices rise acrss the UK, mre families may find it hard t affrd schl meals. Ryle believes it is imprtant t try yur best t help yur lcal cmmunity. “Yu can create change yurself,” she said.
28. Frm the text, we knw that Bris Jhnsn is ________.
A. a cllege studentB. an artist drawing with chalk
C. the Prime Minister f the UKD. a deliverman in a lcal cmpany
29. Magic Breakfast was set up in rder t ________.
A. deliver free meals fr families in their cmmunity
B. help pr children t learn withut wrrying abut meals
C. increase the gvernment’s funding fr free schl breakfast
D. write t the Prime Minister t increase the gvernment’s funding
30. Mre families may find it hard t affrd schl meals because ________.
A. there is a lckdwn in the UK
B. fd prices are becming higher
C. the schls dn’t want t prvide free meals
D. Magic Breakfast nly delivers free meals t pr families
（C）
What did yur street lk like a hundred years ag? It has prbably changed ver time. U.S. Rute 66 was a rad that saw many changes, t. This famus rad has been written abut in bks. It has been the subject f TV shws and sngs. Rute 66 stretched 2,448 miles (3,940 km)acrss the United States, and it carried a lt f histry.
Fr hundreds f years, native Americans fllwed animal tracks t hunt. Later, muntain men blazed trails alng the same paths in rder t set their fur traps. Next came the pineers mving west in wagns. Gld was discvered in Califrnia in 1849. Peple used the same rute t seek their frtunes（财富）there. Abut 10 years later, railrads were built alng the flat and wide rute.
In 1908, Henry Frd began t manufacture autmbiles. Mtrists tk ff int the cuntryside. They wanted t drive n paved rads! In 1926, Rute 66 became an fficial U.S. highway. It was the first paved rad t run all the way frm Illinis t Califrnia. During the 1930s and '40s, peple drve west n U.S. Rute 66. They were lking fr wrk n farms and in wartime plants. In the 1950s and '60s, many Americans enjyed taking rad trips. They drve alng Rute 66 t visit the Grand Canyn and Disneyland.
Wider, straighter, and safer highways were built. Old Rute 66 was used less and less. In 1985, it was fficially remved frm the U. S. highway system. The parts that still exist tday are called Histric Rute 66. Mst f the ld Rute 66 filling statins, diners, and mtels are clsed. But U.S. Rute 66 is still remembered as a rad f dreams that carried peple west.
31. U.S. Rute 66 is imprtant in America because ________.
A. it recrds part f the histryB. it is a paved rad t the west
C. peple have t use the rad t find gldD. peple have t pass the way acrss America
32. What des the underlined wrd “mtrists” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. peple in need f gldB. peple driving cars t travel
C. the pineers mving west in wagnsD. native Americans fllwing animal tracks
33. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Rad trips t the west f AmericaB. The fficial high ways in America
C. The histry f American high waysD. A histrical main rad in America
（D）
What d Batman, Black Panther, Spider-Man and Superman all have in cmmn? Nt nly are they all superheres, they’re all rphans t.
Bruce Wayne is inspired t fight crime as Batman after his parents are killed in a rbbery. Peter Parker is raised by his Aunt May and Uncle Ben after his parents die in a plane crash. The alien Kal-El, therwise knwn as Superman, is sent t Earth by his parents befre his hme planet f Kryptn is destryed. Upn his arrival he is discvered by Martha and Jnathan Kent, wh raise him as their wn. T’chala means “Orphan King”, after he takes the title f Black Panther frm his late father.
Nw, a new exhibitin at Lndn’s Fundling Museum is explring the way rphans are shwn in cmics and ther types art frm arund the wrld. Opened in 2004, the Fundling Museum was built n the site f the Fundling Hspital, which lked after children wh had been left withut peple t care fr them. “Fundling” is a term used fr children wh have been given up by their parents and left smewhere fr thers t find. The Fundling Hspital still wrks tday with the children’s charity Cram. Superheres, Orphans & Origins: 125 Years in Cmics lks at famus DC and Marvel cmic bk characters, ld newspaper cmic strips, graphic nvels such as Zenbia and Japanese manga including Sunny. The cllectin includes internatinal cmics rarely seen in the UK, and riginal art drawn fr the exhibitin, such as Up in Flames by Wdrw Phenix.
The exhibitin runs until 28 August. Yu have t bk but under-21s get in free. Yu can find ut mre abut the shw at tinyurl.cm/TWJ-cmicrigins.
34. Wh used t be called “Orphan King”?
A. Batman.B. Superman.C. Spider-Man.D. Black Panther.
35. The underlined wrd “alien” in Paragraph 2 means ________.
A. a super her withut parentsB. a ppular cartn character
C a living thing frm ther planetsD. a super her with special abilities
36. If yu want t watch the exhibitin, yu shuld ________.
A. read graphic nvels such as Zenbia
B. g t Lndn’s Fundling Museum directly
C. rder a ticket befre yu attend the exhibitin
D. enjy it n the website tinyurl.cm/TWJ-cmicrigins
（E）
A new study has fund that peple wh lived in ancient(lng ag) Britain quickly evlved t deal with a lack f sunlight. Evlutin is when living things change ver time t survive. Jnathan Terhrst frm the University f Michigan and Lain Mathiesn frm the University f Pennsylvania, bth in the US, lked at data frm the genes f 529 peple wh lived in Britain ver the past 4,500 years. DNA in genes is a chemical that carries all the infrmatin abut yur bdy.
The team fund that the levels f vitamin D and calcium in humans’ bdies in Britain suddenly increased. Vitamin D is a substance that humans make naturally when their skin is expsed t sunlight, and it helps bnes t grw straight and strng.
Humans evlved in Africa, where there is plenty f sunshine. Hwever, when they mved t places like Britain, where there is nt much sunlight, they were faced with a prblem—many f them culdn’t make much vitamin D. The earliest arrivals in Britain gt vitamin D by eating ily fish but peple gradually mved t grwing crps instead f fishing. This made them shrt f the essential vitamin. The researchers fund that arund this time, humans in Britain quickly evlved t have pale skin, which absrbs mre light fr making vitamin D. This change was an example f natural selectin, which is when hard cnditins make particular genes needed fr survival. Thse wh have the genes are mre likely t survive and pass their genes n t the next generatin.
Yu can als make up fr a lack f vitamin D by eating mre calcium, which helps bnes grw. Milk is a surce f calcium but t digest(消化) it yu need t make a substance in yur gut called lactase. Many peple acrss the wrld can’t make lactase when they grw up. Hwever, the study fund that early peple in Britain evlved t keep n prducing lactase even as adults. This meant they culd carry n drinking milk—s they kept cws. This extra calcium, alng with their pale skin’s use f what sunshine there was, helped them survive.
37. In ancient Britain, peple evlved in rder t ________.
A. have pale skinB. take mre vitamin D
C. get used t the weatherD. make mre lactase t digest milk
38. Peple shuld ________, if they cannt get enugh vitamin D.
A. drink little milkB. change their genes
C. mve t places like BritainD. take part in mre utdr activities
39. British peple have strnger abilities t ________ than many peple all ver the wrld.
A. digest milkB. keep cwsC. catch ily fishD. change their genes
40. Which f the fllwing is the crrect rder accrding t the passage?
① Humans evlved in Africa.
② British peple evlved t digest milk better.
③ Peple started grwing mre crps instead f fishing.
④ British peple ate ily fish fr mre vitamin D.
A. ①④③②B. ④②①③C. ①③④②D. ③①②④
第II卷 非选择题（共60分）
五、基础知识检测（满分共25分。61—75每小题1分，76—80每小题2分。）
A）根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。
41. I sat ________（在……对面）him during the meal.
42. Crnavirus cases and COVID-19 hspitalizatins rse in recent weeks, as Omicrn subvariants have ________（扩散）acrss the America.
43. I’ll stay up all night, if ________ (必要的), t get it finished.
44. She wrks hard t a________ her dream f becming a famus writer.
45. Millins f wild flwers clur the valleys, e________ in April and May.
B）根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
46. If yu ften have truble ________ (make) a decisin in yur daily life, just listen t the speech, Hw t Make a Chice, this Friday afternn.
47. Tm walked int the bank and ________（tie）his dg t a tree.
48. Tm did all he culd ________ (avid) all the punishment but failed.
49. The earthquake has made hundreds f peple ________ (hme). We must help them.
50. —Can yu finish the wrk in time?
—I’m nt sure. But I will surely finish it if I ________ (give) ne mre hur.
C）根据句子内容，从下面方框中选择适当的短语填空，使句子内容完整正确。
A: What did yu d during the May Day Hliday?
B: Believe it r nt, I ____51____ the marathn in ur city.
A: Sunds great! What did yu d then?
B: First, we ____52____. Then we were able t ____53____ fr freign athletes.
A: What ____54____ it was! Why were yu willing t give up yur spare time?
B: Because it is better t give than t take. Mrever, athletes and vlunteers ____55____ felt like part f ne big family.
D）根据汉语意思翻译下列句子。
56. 英国人认为在别人面前插队是粗鲁的。
British peple think it’s rude t ______________________.
57. 对我们而言，与这些特殊运动员们密切合作，真是太棒了!
It’s great fr us t ______________________.
58. 这架飞机也被用作一个训练中心。
This plane is als ______________________.
59. 在瑞士如玻璃类的东西被分类回收。
In Switzerland, things like glass are ______________________ and then recycled.
60. 记住，每个人都能做些事情来做些改变。
Remember that everyne can ______________________.
六、阅读填空（满分20分，每小题1分）
A）阅读下面短文，根据所读内容，在文章后的空格内填入一个恰当的单词。（每空一词）
In March 2019, while Zhang Meng, an editr, was lking at Weib, she fund a cmic strip that persnified Chinese characters（汉字）by chance and was immediately attracted by its creativity. The stry, created by Milehemilu called Wrd Man, tk place in a wrld where citizens（市民）were all Chinese characters. They had t live accrding t the riginal meanings f the characters and radicals（the characters’ parts）were nt allwed t live alne. Chu, which means ugliness in Chinese, met a fugitive（逃亡的）Tishupang（“扌”that was running frm the Radical Hunters. The tw frmed a new character Niu（“扭”）. Then they started an adventure（冒险）in the wrld f Chinese characters.
Milehemilu, brn in 1997, represents（代表）a new generatin f writers wh are inspired by Chinese traditinal culture. Befre develping a stry and the “persnality” fr a Chinese character, Milehemilu wuld first learn abut the rigin and develpment f its meanings.
Pan Liang, an editr, nticed that in the last three t fur years, an increasing number f prducts related（相关的）t traditinal Chinese culture have becme ppular amng yung peple. “Chinese traditinal culture has becme a fashin these years pssibly because peple feel cnfident abut ur cuntry and culture,” he says.
Fr example, Yu Qiuyu’s Lectures n Chinese Culture published in 2019 has sld mre than 300,000 cpies. It is a systematic explanatin f Chinese traditinal culture by the essayist and schlar. The Travel Guide t the Tang Dynasty is als ne f the bestselling bks. In an interesting and creative way, it talks abut the histrical backgrund and scial and cultural knwledge mre than 1,000 years ag.
Pan says althugh there are a lt f bks abut traditinal Chinese culture in the market, nly if yung peple can find it interesting t read them can these bks sell well.
The classics will finally stay after the sifting time, but “what we need t d is t change thse cld texts int smething alive, just like craftspeple”, Pan says, “which is quite challenging”.
B）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
The peple were scared. They threw rcks at it and attacked it with pitchfrks. When they had killed it, they used a hrse t drag it away int a field.
M____71____ yu wuldn’t d any f thse things if yu saw a ht-air balln landing near yur hme. But back in 1783, very f____72____ peple had ever seen such a thing.
Ballning started with Jseph Mntglfier, wh was nt the type f persn yu’d expected t be an inventr. He didn’t like schl and ran away frm hme as a teenager. As a grwnup, he failed in business. He was very u____73____ his yunger brther, Etienne, wh was respnsible and successful. But when Jseph started reading n his wn, he discvered that he lved science and experiments. A lt f gd science starts with s____74____ paying attentin and thinking abut what yu’ve seen. Jseph made a cmmn bservatin and then did smething amazing with it.
Jseph nticed that ht air rises. He a____75____ nticed that rising ht air can carry slid（固体的）bjects with it. If yu’ve ever watched bits f ash（灰）rising with the smke frm a fire, yu’ve seen it t. He wndered, what if I f____76____ a clth bag with ht air? Wuld the rising air 1____77____ the bag? Only ne way t find ut!
Of curse, bags filled with ht air r____78____ up. Sn, Jseph and Etienne were making larger and larger clth bags, which they called ballns, the French wrd fr the ball. They held public demnstratins, filling the ballns ver a fire pit and l____79____ them g. The ballns went up and then came d______80______ as the air inside cled ff. Sn all the peple in the Mntglfier’s hmetwn f Annnay were talking abut ballns. Next, the brthers went t the great city f Paris t shw ff their new inventin.
七、书面表达（满分15分）
81. Nwadays, the Internet has imprved students’ life. But at the same time, it needs a better envirnment.
Yu are a member f the Students’ Unin and yu are ging t give a speech abut the Internet in yur schl. Yur speech shuld cver the main pints in the chart belw.
注意：
1. 语言通顺，要点齐全，并适当发挥。
2. 词数80左右，文章的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
3. 文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。
A speech n the Internet
Dear friends
With the help f the Internet, great changes have taken place in ur life.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thank yu fr listening!
A NEW SNOOPY SHOW
A great success
The Snpy series first came ut 13 .
When and where t see the shw
13The special prgramme can be seen n 14 n the Channel f Apple TV+.
What t see in the shw
Charlie and friends want t play a 15 game but Charlie's 16 Sally ntices a small flwer and decides t prtect it.
help translate; frm different backgrunds; vlunteered fr; received sme training; an exciting experience
Title: Traditinal bks back in fashin
Intrductin
* Mre and mre prducts abut traditinal culture have becme a ____61____ amng yung peple.
* Chinese traditinal culture has becme ppular pssibly because f peple’s ____62____ in ur cuntry and culture.
Examples
Wrd Man
Stry
* In the stry, Chu met a ____63____ called
Tishupang, frmed a new character Niu and started an adventure.
Writer
* The writer, Milehemilu, ____64____ fr the writers encuraged by traditinal Chinese culture.
* Befre creating the “persnality” fr a Chinese character, he wuld first learn abut hw its meanings riginated and ____65____.
Lectures n Chinese Culture
* The ____66____ f the bk, have reached ver 300,000 cpies.
* Yu Qiuyu ____67____ Chinese traditinal culture systematically thrugh the bk.
The Travel Guide t the Tang Dynasty
* It intrduces histry and culture f the sciety ____68____ ten centuries ag.
Cnclusin
* Whether bks abut traditinal Chinese culture can sell well ____69____ n whether “yung peple can have fun in reading”.
* The texts f the classics need t be brught t _____70_____.
The Internet
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need a friendly and healthy envirnment
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spending time wisely
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