新教材适用2024版高考英语一轮总复习练案34选择性必修第四册Unit3SeaExploration

练案[34]选择性必修第四册　UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2023·河北省衡水中学月考)

British sculptor Jason Taylor has made it his mission to use his talent to conserve our ecosystems by creating underwater museums.Over the years, the environmentalist has put over 850 massive artworks underwater worldwide.On February 1,2021, Taylor launched his latest work The Underwater Museum of Cannes.

“The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help，”Taylor told Dezeen, an architecture and design magazine.“Ocean ecology has been destroyed by human activity in the Mediterranean over the past few decades, and it is not obvious what is taking place when observing the sea from afar.”

The Underwater Museum of Cannes contains 6 sculptures featuring local residents of various ages.They range from Maurice, an 80-year-old fisherman, to Anouk，a 9-year-old student.Towering over 6 feet and weighing 10 tons, the faces are sectioned into two parts, with the outer part like a mask.The mask indicates that the world's oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile due to careless human activity.

Though the waters surrounding the sculptures now appear a pristine blue, the seabed was filled with old boat engines, pipes, and other human-made trash when the project began about four years ago.Besides removing the trash, Taylor also restored the area's seagrass.Just one square meter of the seagrass can generate up to 10 liters of oxygen daily.The seagrass also helps prevent coastal erosion and provides habitats for many ocean creatures.

“The idea of creating an underwater museum was to draw more people to the underwater environment and develop a sense of care and protection，”Taylor told Dezeen.“If we threw unwanted waste near a forest, there would be a public outcry.But this is happening every day in our surrounding waters and it largely goes unnoticed.”

语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了泰勒创建水下博物馆的经历以及该项目所造成的积极影响。

1．What are the underwater museums intended to do？_B__

A．To make huge profits.

B．To raise awareness of protecting the ocean.

C．To show Jason Taylor's talent.

D．To draw attention to endangered sea animals.

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“‘The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help，’Taylor told Dezeen, an architecture and design magazine.”可知，水下博物馆的主要目标是让人们注意到“我们”的海洋需要“我们”的帮助，也就是提高人们保护海洋的意识。故选B。

2．Why does the outer part of the sculptures look like a mask？_D__

A．To popularize the features of the locals.

B．To remind people to protect themselves.

C．To reflect people's protection of the ocean.

D．To stress the sensitiveness of the ecosystem.

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“The mask indicates that the world's oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile due to careless human activity.”可知，这个面具表明，从表面上看，世界上的海洋似乎强大而不可战胜，但它的生态系统由于不顾后果的人类活动而变得极其脆弱。由此可见，雕塑的外部看起来像一个面具就是为了强调生态系统的敏感性。故选D。

3．What's Paragraph 4 mainly about？_C__

A．How the project was started.

B．How the seagrass was restored.

C．What recovery effort the project made.

D．Why the sculptures were removed.

解析：主旨大意题。根据第四段可知，现在雕塑周围的水域呈现出一种纯净的蓝色，但四年前该项目开始时，海底充满了旧的船只引擎、管道和其他人造垃圾。除了清理垃圾，泰勒还恢复了该地区的海草。由此可见，第四段主要讲了该项目为了修复环境做出了哪些努力。故选C。

4．What can we infer from what Jason Taylor said in the last paragraph？_A__

A．The situation of the ocean is easily ignored.

B．The destruction of the ocean is noticeable.

C．Forests play a more important role in ecosystems.

D．People have zero tolerance of damage done to nature.

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“If we threw unwanted waste near a forest, there would be a public outcry.But this is happening every day in our surrounding waters and it largely goes unnoticed.”可知，泰勒表示，如果我们在森林附近扔垃圾，会引起公众的强烈抗议。但这种情况每天都在我们周围的水域发生，而且很大程度上被忽视了，因此，我们可从泰勒的话中推断出海洋的状况很容易被忽视。故选A。

B

(2023·沈阳市郊联体联考)

Earth is far more alive than we previously thought, according to“deep life”studies that reveal a rich ecosystem beneath our feet that is almost twice the size of all the world's oceans.Despite extreme heat, no light and intense pressure, scientists estimate it has between 15 billion and 23 billion tonnes of microorganisms.“It's like finding a whole new reservoir(储藏) of life on Earth，”said Karen Lloyd, an associate professor at the University of Tenesse.

Results suggest 70 percent of Earth's bacteria and archaea exist in the subsurface.One organism found 2.5 kilometers below the surface has been buried for millions of years and may not rely at all on energy from the sun.Also, the methanogen(产甲烷菌) has found a way to create methane in this environment, which it may not use to reproduce or divide, but use to replace or repair broken parts.Lengths of their lives were completely different.Some microorganisms have been alive for thousands of years, barely moving except with shifts in earthquakes or eruptions.They're just active inside, with less energy than people thought possible to support life.

The team consists of 1,200 scientists from 52 countries in disciplines ranging from geology and microbiology to chemistry and physics.A year before the conclusion of their study, they will present the findings before the American Geophysical Union's annual meeting opens this week, which they say are made possible by technical advances on drills and microscopes.

The scientists have been wondering about the point beyond which life cannot exist, but the deeper they dig, the more life they find.There is a temperature maximum—currently 122 ℃， but they believe this record will be broken if they keep exploring and developing more advanced instruments.

Questions remain, including how the microbes interact with chemical processes, and what this might reveal about how life and Earth coevolved.

语篇导读：本文介绍了科学家们进行了“深海生命”研究，在寻找生命的深度极限的过程中，他们发现在地下有一个丰富的生态系统。

5．What do the scientists find about the underground organisms？_D__

A．They can't reproduce and divide.

B．They're the oldest living things.

C．Some of them consume no energy.

D．Some of them almost always keep still.

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Some microorganisms have been alive for thousands of years, barely moving except with shifts in earthquakes or eruptions.”可知，有些微生物已经存活了数千年，除了在地震或火山爆发时出现移动外，几乎不动。因此，一些地下生物几乎总是保持静止状态。故选D。

6．What can we learn about the research from Paragraph 3？_B__

A．It lasts for around one year.

B．It involves efforts from multiple fields.

C．It promotes technical development.

D．It is conducted in 52 countries.

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The team consists of 1,200 scientists from 52 countries in disciplines ranging from geology and microbiology to chemistry and physics.”可知，该团队由来自52个国家的1 200名科学家组成，涉及从地质学、微生物学到化学和物理学等学科。因此，多个领域的科学家们共同参与了这个研究。故选B。

7．Why does the scientists drill deep？_B__

A．To break their previous record.

B．To find the depth limit of life.

C．To discover more ancient microorganisms.

D．To detect the highest subsurface temperature.

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The scientists have been wondering about the point beyond which life cannot exist, but the deeper they dig, the more life they find.”可知，科学家们一直想知道生命存在的极限，但他们挖掘得越深，发现的生命越多。因此，科学家们挖掘得深是在寻找生命的深度极限。故选B。

8．What is the best title for the text？_A__

A．Earth's Depths Are Full of Life

B．Organisms Live Better Underground

C．Earth Is Far Beyond Human Exploration

D．Subsurface Life Differs From That on Land

解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Earth is far more alive than we previously thought... that is almost twice the size of all the world's oceans.”可知，根据“深海生命”研究，地球远比我们之前认为的更有活力。该研究揭示，在我们脚下有一个丰富的生态系统，其规模几乎是世界上所有海洋体积的两倍。因此，地球的深处蕴含着丰富的生命。故选A。

Ⅱ.七选五

(2023·河北省石家庄市质检一)

Wildlife workers in Florida are feeding manatees to keep them from starving. 1.F　 So far, the rescue workers have already given out 25 tons of lettuce.

Manatees are huge sea mammals that can be as long as 4 meters when they grow up. 2.B　 In spite of their size, manatees only eat plants that live in the sea.That's one reason they're sometimes called“sea cows”．They spend most of their time in warm shallow water looking for food.

But Florida's manatees have been on the U．S.government's list of endangered animals since 1967.Most threats to manatees come from humans.One of the biggest problems faced by the creatures is the boat. 3.E　 Manatees are curious and fairly slow, which has led to thousands of manatees being injured or killed.

 4.D　 At one point, there were only about 2,000 manatees left in Florida.But by 2016, there were roughly 8,800 manatees.

But now manatees are facing a new challenge：They can't get enough to eat.Many of the beds of sea grass that manatees depend upon have been killed by human-caused pollution.Sea grass began to disappear around 2011.Warming seas, combined with polluted water and fertilizers that have washed off of farmlands, have created the huge growth of algae on the ocean's surface.

Last year,1,101 manatees died from starving. 5.A　 Many of the manatees that remain are so thin that their ribs can be seen.Often they have trouble swimming.

So last December, wildlife experts came up with a plan to get emergency food to the manatees.They decided to feed them green vegetables like lettuce and cabbage.In the long term, Florida is working to help restore sea grass beds.But that will take time.

A．That was a record.

B．They can weigh up to 590 kilograms.

C．The feeding station has been very successful.

D．With protection, manatees managed to bounce back.

E．It blocks the sunlight that allows the sea grass to grow.

F．But feeding these massive sea creatures takes a lot of food.

G．Research needs to be done to determine what food would be best.

语篇导读：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海牛曾因人类活动造成的负面影响而面临生存困境，当前人们对海牛的保护工作已初见成效，但还有很长的路要走。

解析：

1．考查语境推断。设空处上文提到野生动物工作者正在进行海牛的保护工作，设空处下文“So far, the rescue workers have already given out 25 tons of lettuce.”则提到投喂海牛的庞大食物数量。F项(但是喂养这些巨大的海洋生物需要大量的食物。)承上启下，符合语境。故选F。

2．考查语境&复现推断。设空处上文提到了成年海牛可达到的体长，设空处下文提到了海牛体型之外的特征，由设空处后的“In spite of their size”可知，设空处应仍是对海牛体型的描述， size为上义词复现。B项(它们可重达590公斤。)符合语境。故选B。

3．考查语境推断。根据设空处上文“Most threats to manatees come from humans.One of the biggest problems faced by the creatures is the boat.”可知，设空处应具体说明船是如何影响海牛的生存的。E项(它阻挡了让海草生长的阳光。)符合语境，E项中的It指代上文提到的the boat。故选E。

4．考查语境推断。设空处位于本段段首，应是本段的主题句。根据设空处下文“At one point, there were only about 2,000 manatees left in Florida.But by 2016, there were roughly 8,800 manatees.”可知，海牛的数量有所增加，这说明保护措施起效了。D项(在保护之下，海牛的数量成功地回升了。)符合语境。故选D。

5．考查语境&逻辑推断。根据设空处上文“Last year, 1,101 manatees died from starving.”可知，上文具体说明了死于饥饿的海牛的数量，设空处应承接上文，围绕该话题进一步展开说明。A项(那是一个记录。)符合语境。故选A。

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2022·漳州市毕业班质检)

Huge “terror crocodiles” that were as large as buses once lived on the Earth. This terrifying picture comes from a study that 1.was published　(publish) last week in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. The study is from universities in the USA. Researchers who are experts  2.in　 the study of dinosaurs studied ancient bones found in North America. They said that the dinosaurs lived along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of  3.what　 is now Canada and the USA. The giant  4.beasts　(beast) hunted and killed other dinosaurs and were up to ten metres in  5.length　(long). They discovered that the prehistoric crocodiles had sharp teeth that were the size of large bananas.

A co-author of the study detailed how he thought the crocodiles lived. He said they lived around 75 million years ago. They were the ancestors of today's crocodiles. He spent most of his time 6.writing　(write) about his research on the bone parts. He said, “Up to now, the complete animal  7.has been　(be) unknown. These new samples reveal  8.an　 unusual, huge killer with teeth the size of bananas.” He said it must have frightened other dinosaurs that came to the water's edge  9.to drink　 (drink). Another author described how  10.scary　 (scare) it was. She wrote: “It was so huge that almost everything in its habitat was on the menu.”

语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究恐龙的专家研究了在北美发现的古代骨骼，发现了一种名为“恐怖鳄鱼”的恐龙，和公共汽车一样大，曾经生活在地球上。文章介绍了这种巨兽的一些生活习性。

解析：

1．考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：这张可怕的图片来自上周发表在《古脊椎动物杂志》上的一项研究。根据后文“last week”可知应用一般过去时，关系词指代先行词study，与publish构成被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主谓一致，谓语动词用单数。故填was published。

2．考查介词。句意：研究恐龙的专家研究了在北美发现的古代骨骼。结合句意表示“是……方面的专家”可知短语为be experts in。故填in。

3．考查宾语从句。句意：他们说恐龙生活在现在的加拿大和美国的太平洋和大西洋沿岸。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语。故填what。

4．考查名词单复数。句意：这种巨兽猎杀其他恐龙，体长可达10米。beast为可数名词，根据后文“were up to ten metres”可知应用复数。故填beasts。

5．考查名词。句意同上题。空处作宾语，表示“长度”可知短语为in length。故填length。

6．考查非谓语动词。句意：他大部分时间都在写关于骨骼的研究。结合句意表示“花费时间做某事”可知短语为spend time doing sth.。故填writing。

7．考查动词的时态。句意：到目前为止，这种完整的动物还不为人所知。根据上文“Up to now”可知应用现在完成时，主语为the complete animal，助动词用has。故填has been。

8．考查冠词。句意：这些新样本揭示了一种不同寻常的巨大杀手，其牙齿有香蕉那么大。killer为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且unusual是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。

9．考查非谓语动词。句意：他说，这一定吓坏了其他来到水边喝水的恐龙。分析句子结构可知drink在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to drink。

10．考查形容词。句意：另一位作者描述了它有多可怕。此处为由感叹句转换的宾语从句，结合后文“it was”可知应用形容词scary，作表语。故填scary。

Ⅳ.应用文写作

(2022·辽宁省沈阳市郊联体高三期中考试)

假定你是李华，在英国伦敦留学，得知当地某自然环境保护区正在招募志愿者。请你给其负责人写一封自荐信，内容包括：

1．写信目的；

2．个人优势；

3．表达期待。

注意：1.词数80左右；

2．开头与结尾已给出，但不计入总词数；

3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Sir/Madam，

                                                    Yours，

Li Hua

参考范文：

Dear_Sir/Madam.

I am Li Hua, a Chinese student studying biology in London. I'm glad to be informed that your reserve is looking for volunteers. I'm writing to apply for being one of them. As an environmentalist, I have been participating in many programs concerning environmental protection. In the meantime, I love animals very much and know how to take care of animals. By the way, I can speak fluent English, so I can communicate with others well. I'd appreciate it if I could have a chance to receive your approval.

Yours，

Li_Hua