2022届四川省泸州市泸县第二中学教育集团高考仿真考试（四）英语试题（含解析）

这是一份2022届四川省泸州市泸县第二中学教育集团高考仿真考试（四）英语试题（含解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，短文改错，其他应用文等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022届四川省泸州市泸县第二中学教育集团高考仿真考试（四）英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Experience College at Harvard
Challenge yourself in college-level academics. Meet new friends from around the world. Strengthen your college application. And, build important life skills that can make your future college experience a success.
Pre-College Program
An intense and exciting glimpse into the college experience. During this intensive two-week program, you will take the first steps toward your college journey alongside a diverse group of exceptional high school students.
• Challenge yourself in a college course taught by Harvard faculty and affiliates, without the pressure of grades.
• Engage with your peers in structured co-curricular activities, college readiness workshops, and social events.
• Two weeks, non-credit
Secondary School Program
Immerse yourself in college life for seven weeks! In this dynamic seven-week program, you can earn college credit while experiencing firsthand what it’s really like to be a college student.
• Choose one or two college-level classes that delve deeply into subjects that really excite you and may not be offered in high school.
• Prepare for the future as you experience what it’s really like to balance responsibility with independence in one of three program formats – online, commuting, or residential.
• Seven weeks, college credit
Application is now open for both high school programs! See program calendars for important dates and deadlines.
To get our updates, join our mailing list for helpful information and important deadlines. Start your education journey today!
1．What can we learn about the two programs?
A．All the learning activities take place online.
B．They are required procedures for college application.
C．They challenge the students with college-level courses.
D．Students can earn college credits after learning the two programs.2．According to this passage, applicants can ________.
A．start to apply for both programs now
B．pay for the program calendars from today
C．apply for the programs throughout the year
D．download a mailing list to get helpful updates3．What is the purpose of this passage?
A．To raise money for Harvard Summer Programs.
B．To show the diverse courses in Harvard University.
C．To share the college learning experience with readers.
D．To introduce Harvard Summer Programs for high school students.

The past few years have been difficult for 13-year-old Adeola Abraham. In 2020, the teen was diagnosed with a rare blood disorder, and he survived a successful bone marrow transplant (骨髓移植) and rounds of chemotherapy (化疗). Thankfully, Adeola is now out of the hospital. During his recovery, he found out that he had qualified for a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to ask for a dream wish from Make-A-Wish Mississippi. While many teens would choose a memorable Disney trip, meet a favorite figure or get a PlayStation, Abraham instead chose to feed the homeless in his local community.
The Make-A-Wish Foundation is famous for brightening the lives of children suffering from critical illnesses by meeting their wishes. A wish typically falls into three categories: a wish to have something, go somewhere or meet someone. Abraham’s charitable wish to give came as a surprise to the organization. Linda Sermons, a Make-A-Wish Mississippi representative, said that Abraham’s generous wish was the first of its kind in the organization’s 35-year history. She was impressed with the teen’s maturity and sense of sympathy.
Make-A-Wish Mississippi approved of the teen’s wish in a big way. They created a service named after the teen, called Abraham’s Table, which would provide free meals to the homeless every month for the next year. Local businesses generously donated food and supplies, and receivers gathered in Jackson’s Poindexter Park for the meals. Abraham and his proud mom personally attended and handed out the food. Abraham’s Table fed more than 80 people at its first event. Abraham said it warmed his heart when the receivers came back to thank him for the meal he provided.
Abraham now wants to inspire other teens to get more involved in local charities. He also wants to continue his mission of helping others by starting his own nonprofit that helps those experiencing food insecurity.
4．What made Abraham a remarkable boy?
A．His exceptional choice for a dream wish. B．His great sufferings from a critical disease.
C．His special qualifications for a dream wish. D．His successful survival from a blood disorder.5．What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A．Eighty people or so benefited from Abraharn’s Table.
B．Abraham’s act of kindness received positive reaction.
C．The organization provided financial help for the homeless.
D．The local businesses were greatly appreciated by the receivers.6．According to the passage, which words can best describe Abraham?
A．Energetic and determined. B．Mature and intelligent.
C．Sympathetic and selfless. D．Generous and cautious.7．Which of the following can best describe the story?
A．Hard work always pays off. B．It’s a blessing to be a giver.
C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Miracles often occur in bad luck.

Tommy, a 26-year-old chimp(猩猩),lives in a small cage in a used truck sales lot in New York. Retired from movie work and whatever else once occupied him, he has no chimp friends to keep him company — just a TV. He is worlds away from the rainforest of Western Africa, where chimps spend most of their lives in trees, hunting, and socializing together.
His owner hasn't broken any laws, but an animal rights group called the Nonhuman Rights Project (NhRP) is trying to change the view. The group says chimps have such a humanlike intelligence that they should be recognized as “legal persons" and be placed in an animal shelter and wander free.
You've probably heard the term “animal rights”, but animals don't actually have rights in many countries. Animal-welfare laws punish people who mistreat animals, but that's not the same as chimps having a right to liberty or anything else.
NhRP's first step is to ask a judge to end people's unjust arrest on behalf of Tommy and other privately owned chimps. If the court decides to recognize chimps as legal persons, NhRP's next step will be arguing for what rights the chimps should be granted. "The right that we believe they should have most of all is the right to bodily liberty," says Wise, a NhRP group member. "They should be able to choose how to live their lives.”
Tommy's owner, Pat Lavery, says he rescued Tommy from a careless owner about a decade ago and denies the chimp is mistreated or unhappy. "He likes being by himself,"  he says.
“There's a danger in making a jump to say they're just like people," says Richard Cupp, a professor who writes about animals and the law. "If we' re really focused on chimps being very, very smart, then who knows if maybe someday we might …say, ‘Hey, here's a particular human being that's not very smart at all, maybe the chimps have higher status than this person.’”
8．What can we know about Tommy?
A．He is living a very lonely life.
B．He dislikes living in the rainforest.
C．He likes watching movies very much,
D．He was illegally bought by Pat Lavery.9．What can we infer from the text?
A．Great progress has been made on improving animal rights.
B．Pat Lavery is thought to mistreat Tommy by NhRP.
C．Animal rights are going from bad to worse.
D．Animal rights have been admitted in western countries.10．What's the final goal NhRP wants to achieve?
A．To ensure chimps' bodily safety. B．To stop illegal hunting of chimps.
C．To help chimps find their families. D．To help chimps enjoy their freedom.11．What's Richard Cupp's attitude towards NhRP's efforts to win rights for chimps?
A．Hopeful, B．Uncaring.
C．Worried. D．Supportive.

A living robot has been created out of frog skin cells. Xenobots, named after the frog species Xenopus laevis that the cells come from, were first described last year. Now the team behind the robots has improved their design and demonstrated new capabilities.
To create the xenobots, Michael Levin at Tufts University in Massachusetts and his colleagues obtained tissue from 24-hour-old frog embryos after very small physical operation. Where the previous version relied on the contraction of heart muscle cells to move them forward by pushing off surfaces, these new xenobots swim around faster. They also live between three and seven days longer than their previous generation, which only lasted about seven days, and have the ability to sense their surroundings to some extent, turning red when exposed to blue light.
“The fundamental finding here is that when you free skin cells from their normal context, and you give them a chance to build other things than what they normally build,” says Levin. “To me, one of the most exciting things here is that they are plastic. This idea that even normal cells, not genetically modified, are in fact capable of building something completely different.”
Because they are created from cells, the xenobots eventually break apart and are totally biodegradable, says team member Douglas Blackiston, also at Tufts University. He therefore hopes that they can be used for biomedical and environmental applications.
Previous attempts at creating living robots, such as a wirelessly controlled cockroach, have involved dealing with live animals, raising ethical concerns. Xenobots differ from these because they are made entirely of living cells. “The approach here is maybe ethically the least problematic because everything starts with cells. They have no neurons, so it's not an animal,” says Auke ljspeert at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Lausanne, who wasn't involved in the research. “It's really cells, so I find it maybe the cleanest way."
12．How were the new xenobots created?
A．By making use of frog embryos. B．By relying on heart muscle cells.
C．By sensing similar surroundings. D．By exposing them to blue light.13．Which has the similar meaning to the underlined word “plastic” in Paragraph 3?
A．Fragile. B．Stable. C．Flexible. D．Active.14．What can be inferred from Douglas Blackiston's words?
A．The xenobots can't break down easily. B．The xenobots need to be further perfected.
C．The xenobots can be applied in other fields. D．The xenobots have already been widely used.15．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．The new approach starts with some neurons.
B．Xenobots have raised least ethical concerns.
C．The wireless controlled cockroach is a failure.
D．Previous living robots involve few living animals.


二、七选五
Agriculture has come a long way from its ancient beginnings. Long ago, farmers would work hard on their individual plots of land, using simple tools or even their bare hands. They tended to their crops for many hours each day so that the crops grew well. 16 For example, a single storm could destroy a whole year’s work, while a summer of good weather could ensure a good harvest.
Modern science and technology have helped to greatly reduce the back-breaking labour involved in farming, along with the reliance on luck and guesswork. 17
Probably one of the most beneficial innovations is drip irrigation, which has made it possible to develop big, green farms in the middle of the desert. Simcha Blass, an Israeli scientist, discovered this new way of irrigation in the 1930s. Through this discovery, farmers can now produce crops on dry land without needing much water. 18 The limited and focused use of just the right amount of water also denies moisture (水分) to weeds, keeping them from harming the crops.
19 However, what if an area has plenty of water, but little usable soil? As it turns out, it is possible to grow plants without using soil at all. With hydroponics (水培), plant roots are supported by rocks or a fiber mat. Nutrient-rich water is then provided so that the plants can grow. Recent research has centered on vertical hydroponics farming. With a vertical farm, the crops are planted in containers that are piled into plant skyscrapers. 20
With such technological advances, the image of a farmer pushing a plough will eventually become a thing of the past.
A．Luck played a great part in farming.
B．Some areas would be too dry to grow crops.
C．Drip irrigation deals with a lack of water in an area.
D．There have been experiments to make drip irrigation a reality.
E．This irrigation method uses far less water than other methods.
F．Furthermore, nearly all hydroponic farms partially or fully automated.
G．Farmers have benefited greatly from innovations in crop production.


三、完形填空
The Big Brothers and Big Sisters Program sounded like a worthwhile cause. One day, I noticed a 21 request for volunteers. Many children had been waiting well over a year, I 22 that it was directed at me. The question was whether the 23 would want me. Because of a nerve disorder, I could only walk with the 24 of sticks.
But a short time later, my caseworker called, “I have the 25 Little Sister for you. Her name is Karen; she is eight and legally blind.”
“Are you outs?” I said. “Me 26 the blind? I have to hold onto my sticks!”
“Beth, I’m 27 you’re the right match, because I want Karen 28 to someone who can show that she can do anything, despite a(n) 29 challenge. You are such a good role model.”
It was hard to 30 , so I agreed to meet with Karen. We discussed how we could 31 our special needs. I asked her to hang on to my shirt and 32 never to run away from me. She wanted me to let her know when the land was 33 . Those seemed 34 enough for us to accomplish, so we became 35 .
During our 36 together, Karen and I have had great fun doing countless things from the ordinary gardening to the 37 of exploring New York City.
Today, Karen is fifteen, and I 38 get extreme joy listening to her share her 39 . One day she is going to be a writer, another day a teacher or a seeing-eye dog trainer. She believes there is no 40 as to how far she can go if she never restricts herself.
21．A．popular B．personal C．desperate D．modest
22．A．decided B．proved C．clarified D．reminded
23．A．company B．program C．school D．family
24．A．instruction B．invention C．control D．aid
25．A．mature B．perfect C．independent D．strict
26．A．dressing B．raising C．leading D．teaching
27．A．concerned B．convinced C．disappointed D．shocked
28．A．married B．opposed C．devoted D．exposed
29．A．physical B．academic C．financial D．environmental
30．A．resist B．guarantee C．research D．admit
31．A．turndown B．set aside C．adapt to D．bring on
32．A．decline B．expect C．promise D．imagine
33．A．broad B．rough C．solid D．smooth
34．A．rigid B．disturbing C．dynamic D．reasonable
35．A．sisters B．colleagues C．travelers D．students
36．A．weeks B．months C．seasons D．years
37．A．barrier B．excitement C．annoyance D．convenience
38．A．still B．seldom C．temporarily D．never
39．A．jobs B．flowers C．books D．dreams
40．A．evidence B．motivation C．limit D．point


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式．
The makeup of British families has changed 41 （rapid） over the last two hundred years． The traditional family structure （结构）before the Industrial Revolution was the extended family in 42 three generations lived under one roof． The early twentieth century saw the 43 （ grow） of the nuclear family﹣parents and a small number of 44 （child） would form a single family． In the last thirty years， however， the UK 45 （ see） a breakdown of the typical nuclear family．
Increased divorce rates， later marriage and a move away from marriage altogether have resulted 46 new forms of family； divorced parents will develop new relationships and take their kids with them． A survey 47 （ conduct） by researchers shows that over 50% of kids are now born to parents who are not married．
Some minority communities stick to the extended family structure， and it is common 48 （find） that three generations are living together in an Indian family． They say that apart from strengthening traditional family ties， 49 can provide security for older people when they cannot work anymore． They believe that the phenomenon of other old people living in care homes 50 （indicate） that many old people in the wider community are abandoned in their old age．


五、短文改错
51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last weekend, my British friend, Jim, spotted paper-cutting stand when we were wandering on the street. See such wonderful paper-cuts really amazed him, so he immediately decided to buy one. Therefore, the seller shook her head at the moment she saw the 100-yuan note Jim handed over to her. She had no change! How disappointed Jim was! He was about to quit while I took out my cellphone, scanned the QR code on the stand and pay 5 yuan. Jim was very surprising. I explained to her that nowadays we could pay with a cellphone for almost something. “Wow!” Jim said, “The paper-cut looks great, and the payment method seems even great!”

六、其他应用文
52．假定你是李华，你书法班的英国同学Sahna因为在汉语书法大赛中表现欠佳而心情沮丧，请你给她写一封信表示安慰。内容包括：
1.表示理解；
2.帮助分析原因；
3.提供辅导。
参考词汇：汉语书法 Chinese calligraphy
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sahna，
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua

参考答案：
1．C 2．A 3．D

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了哈佛体验学院的两个项目的详细信息
1．细节理解题。根据Pre-College Program中的“• Challenge yourself in a college course taught by Harvard faculty and affiliates, without the pressure of grades. (•在哈佛大学教授的课程中挑战自己，没有分数的压力。)”和Secondary School Program中的“• Choose one or two college-level classes that delve deeply into subjects that really excite you and may not be offered in high school. (•选择一到两门大学水平的课程，深入研究那些真正让你兴奋的、高中可能不会提供的科目。)”可知，这两个项目都用大学水平的课程挑战学生。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Application is now open for both high school programs! (现在两所高中的项目申请都开放了。)”可知，申请人可以现在开始申请两个项目。故选A。
3．推理判断题。阅读全文以及标题Experience College at Harvard (哈佛体验学院)和第一段Challenge yourself incollege-level academics.Meet new friends from around the world.Strengthen your college application.And, buildimportant life skills that can make your future college experience a success.(在大学水平的学术中挑战自己。认识来自世界各地的新朋友。加强你的大学申请。此外,培养重要的生活技能,使你未来的大学生活获得成功。)可知本文主要介绍了哈佛体验学院的两个项目的详细信息,可推断，本文的目的是为高中学生介绍哈佛暑期项目。故选D。
4．A 5．B 6．C 7．B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了身患重病而康复的13岁的Abraham许下一个梦想，为当地社区的无家可归者提供食物，作为一个给予者，慷慨无私地帮助他人，使Abraham感到无比幸福的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“During his recovery, he found out that he had qualified for a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to ask for a dream wish from Make-A-Wish Mississippi. While many teens would choose a memorable Disney trip, meet a favorite figure or get a PlayStation, Abraham instead chose to feed the homeless in his local community. (在康复期间，他发现自己有资格得到一个千载难逢的机会，可以在‘许愿密西西比’许下一个梦想。虽然很多青少年会选择难忘的迪士尼之旅，遇见最喜欢的人物或得到一个游戏机，Abraham却选择了为当地社区的无家可归者提供食物。)”可知，是Abraham对梦想的特殊选择使他成为一个非凡的孩子。故选A项。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Make-A-Wish Mississippi approved of the teen’s wish in a big way. They created a service named after the teen, called Abraham’s Table, which would provide free meals to the homeless every month for the next year. Local businesses generously donated food and supplies, and receivers gathered in Jackson’s Poindexter Park for the meals. (‘许愿密西西比’在很大程度上支持了这名少年的愿望。他们以这名少年的名字创建了一项名为‘Abraham的餐桌’的服务，在接下来的一年里，每个月都为无家可归的人提供免费的食物。当地企业慷慨地捐赠了食物和物资，接受者聚集在Jackson的Poindexter公园参加宴会。)”以及“Abraham said it warmed his heart when the receivers came back to thank him for the meal he provided. (Abraham，当接受帮助的人回来感谢他提供的食物时，他感到很温暖。)”等内容可以推知，Abraham的善举得到了积极的反应。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Linda Sermons, a Make-A-Wish Mississippi representative, said that Abraham’s generous wish was the first of its kind in the organization’s 35-year history. She was impressed with the teen’s maturity and sense of sympathy. (Linda Sermons是‘许愿密西西比’的一名代表，她说，Abraham的慷慨愿望是该组织35年历史上的第一个。那个少年的成熟和同情心给她留下了深刻的印象。)”可以推知，Abraham富有同情心并且慷慨无私。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段中“While many teens would choose a memorable Disney trip, meet a favorite figure or get a PlayStation, Abraham instead chose to feed the homeless in his local community. (虽然很多青少年会选择难忘的迪士尼之旅，遇见最喜欢的人物或得到一个游戏机，Abraham却选择了为当地社区的无家可归者提供食物。)”以及第三段中“Abraham said it warmed his heart when the receivers came back to thank him for the meal he provided. (Abraham说，当接受帮助的人回来感谢他提供的食物时，他感到很温暖。)”可知，本文主要讲述了身患重病而康复的13岁的Abraham许下一个梦想，为当地社区的无家可归者提供食物，作为一个给予者，慷慨无私地帮助他人，使Abraham感到无比幸福的故事。从而推知，选项B“做一个给予者是一种祝福。”最能描述这个故事。故选B项。
8．A 9．B 10．D 11．C

【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了一个名为“非人权项目”(NhRP)的动物权利组织为黑猩猩争取权利而努力的事件引发争议。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Retired from movie work and whatever else once occupied him, he has no chimp friends to keep him company — just a TV.”（从电影和其他曾经占据他的工作中退休后，他没有黑猩猩朋友陪伴他——只有一台电视。）可知，汤米过着非常孤独的生活。故选A项。
9．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Tommy's owner, Pat Lavery, says he rescued Tommy from a careless owner about a decade ago and denies the chimp is mistreated or unhappy.”（汤米的主人帕特·拉弗里(Pat Lavery)说，大约十年前他从一个粗心大意的主人手中救出了汤米，并否认这只黑猩猩受到了虐待或不开心。）可推断，NhRP认为帕特·拉弗里虐待汤米。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段“The group says chimps have such a humanlike intelligence that they should be recognized as “legal persons" and be placed in an animal shelter and wander free.”（该组织说，黑猩猩具有类似人类的智力，它们应该被认定为“法人”，并被安置在动物收容所，可以自由漫步。）根据倒数第三段“They should be able to choose how to live their lives”他们应该能够选择如何生活。可推断，NhRP的最终目标是帮助黑猩猩获得自由。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段““There's a danger in making a jump to say they're just like people," says Richard Cupp, a professor who writes about animals and the law. "If we' re really focused on chimps being very, very smart, then who knows if maybe someday we might …say, ‘Hey, here's a particular human being that's not very smart at all, maybe the chimps have higher status than this person.’””（“轻率地说它们和人类一样是有危险的，”研究动物和法律的教授理查德·卡普(Richard Cupp)说。“如果我们真的把注意力集中在非常非常聪明的黑猩猩身上，那么谁知道也许有一天我们会说，‘嘿，这有一个人一点也不聪明，也许黑猩猩的地位比这个人高。’”）可推断，Richard Cupp对NhRP为黑猩猩争取权利的努力持担忧的态度。故选C项。
12．A 13．C 14．C 15．B

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新的活体机器人xenobots，介绍了创造它的方法，由于它具有可降解性，因此可以在多领域中被广泛运用。同时指出xenobots仅仅涉及细胞，没有涉及神经元，因此在最大程度上减少了伦理问题的发生。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A living robot has been created out of frog skin cells. Xenobots, named after the frog species Xenopus laevis that the cells come from, were first described last year.( 用青蛙的皮肤细胞造出了一个活的机器人。“Xenobots”是在去年首次被描述出来的，得名于这种细胞的来源——蛙类非洲爪蟾)”可知，新的xenobots是利用青蛙胚胎创造出来的。故选A。
13．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The fundamental finding here is that when you free skin cells from their normal context, and you give them a chance to build other things than what they normally build(最基本的发现是，当你把皮肤细胞从它们正常的环境中解放出来，你给它们一个机会来构建其他东西，而不是它们通常构建出来的东西)”以及后文“This idea that even normal cells, not genetically modified, are in fact capable of building something completely different.(这种想法认为，即使是正常的细胞，没有经过基因改造，实际上也能够构建出完全不同的东西)”可知，Levin认为皮肤细胞被从正常环境中解放出来以后，变得非常灵活，有机会去创造出完全不同的东西。即划线词意思是“灵活的”。A. Fragile.脆弱的；B. Stable.稳定的；C. Flexible.灵活的；D. Active.活跃的。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Because they are created from cells, the xenobots eventually break apart and are totally biodegradable, says team member Douglas Blackiston, also at Tufts University. He therefore hopes that they can be used for biomedical and environmental applications.(同样来自塔夫茨大学的研究小组成员Douglas Blackiston说，因为它们是由细胞制造出来的，所以xenobots最终会分解并完全可生物降解。因此，他希望它们能用于生物医学和环境应用)”可推知，xenobots可以应用于其他领域。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Previous attempts at creating living robots, such as a wirelessly controlled cockroach, have involved dealing with live animals, raising ethical concerns. Xenobots differ from these because they are made entirely of living cells. “The approach here is maybe ethically the least problematic because everything starts with cells. They have no neurons, so it's not an animal,” says Auke ljspeert at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Lausanne, who wasn't involved in the research.(以前曾尝试制造活体机器人，比如无线控制的蟑螂，都涉及到处理活体动物，这引起了伦理方面的担忧。Xenobots与这些机器人不同，因为它们完全由活细胞构成。“这种方法在伦理上可能问题最少，因为一切都是从细胞开始的。它们没有神经元，所以它不是动物，”瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院的Auke ljspeert说，他没有参与这项研究)”可知，Xenobots引发的道德担忧最少。故选B。
16．A 17．G 18．E 19．C 20．F

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学技术在农业中的应用，介绍了滴灌和水培农业及其优点。
16．上文“They tended to their crops for many hours each day so that the crops grew well.(他们每天花好几个小时照料庄稼，以便庄稼长得好。)”指出农民们为了庄稼长得好，每天要花好几个小时照料庄稼，下文“For example, a single storm could destroy a whole year’s work, while a summer of good weather could ensure a good harvest.(例如，一场暴风雨可以毁掉一整年的工作，而一个好天气的夏天可以保证丰收。)”以具体例子说明，突发天气状况会影响收成，由此可推知，空处应该是指出古代农业收成好坏也靠运气，A项“Luck played a great part in farming.(运气在农业中起了很大的作用。)”符合，故选A。
17．上文“Modern science and technology have helped to greatly reduce the back-breaking labour involved in farming, along with the reliance on luck and guesswork.(现代科学技术大大减少了农业劳动的负担，同时也减少了对运气和猜测的依赖。)”指出现代科技给农业带来的好处，空处也应该承接上文，继续描写现代科技给农业带来的好处，G项“Farmers have benefited greatly from innovations in crop production.(农民从农作物生产的创新中获益匪浅。)”符合，故选G。
18．上文“Through this discovery, farmers can now produce crops on dry land without needing much water.(通过这一发现，农民现在可以在旱地上种植作物，而不需要太多的水。)”指出滴灌的优点，农民不仅可以旱地上种植，而且不需要太多水，下文“The limited and focused use of just the right amount of water also denies moisture (水分) to weeds, keeping them from harming the crops.(有限而集中地使用恰到好处的水量也会使杂草失去水分，从而防止它们损害庄稼。)”指出滴灌使用有限而集中的水对农业的好处，由此可知，空处应承接上文，继续描写滴灌用水少这一优点，E项“This irrigation method uses far less water than other methods.(这种灌溉方法比其他方法用水少得多。)”符合，故选E。
19．由下文“However, what if an area has plenty of water, but little usable soil? As it turns out, it is possible to grow plants without using soil at all. With hydroponics (水培), plant roots are supported by rocks or a fiber mat. Nutrient-rich water is then provided so that the plants can grow(但是，如果一个地区有足够的水，但是可用的土壤很少呢？ 事实证明，不用土壤也能种植植物。通过水培，植物的根部由岩石或纤维垫支撑。然后提供营养丰富的水，这样植物就可以生长。)”的however可知，空处和下文是对比关系，且结合上段提到用水少的滴灌可知，空处应该是对上文进行总结，同时和下文进行对比，即用滴灌能解决缺水地区的农业问题和水培能解决水多地区的问题做对比，C项“Drip irrigation deals with a lack of water in an area.(滴灌解决了一个地区缺水的问题。)”符合，故选C。
20．上文“Recent research has centered on vertical hydroponics farming. With a vertical farm, the crops are planted in containers that are piled into plant skyscrapers. (最近的研究集中在垂直水培农业上。在垂直农场中，农作物被种植在集装箱中，集装箱堆成了摩天大楼。)”提出最近的研究都在垂直水培农业上，同时描述了垂直水培农作物的一些情况，空处应该继续描写垂直水培农作物的一些相关内容，F项“Furthermore, nearly all hydroponic farms partially or fully automated.(此外，几乎所有的水培农场都部分或全部自动化。)”符合语境，故选F。

21．C 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．B 26．C 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．A 31．C 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．A 36．D 37．B 38．A 39．D 40．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述身体残疾的作者参加了一个志愿者互助项目，他们为作者匹配了一个双目失明的女孩Karen，通过和作者相处，Karen变得对未来充满自信的故事。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我注意到一个急需志愿者的请求。A. popular受欢迎的，流行的；B. personal个人的，私人的；C. desperate绝望的，非常需要，渴望；D. modest谦虚的。根据下一句“Many children had been waiting well over a year(许多孩子已经等了一年多了)”可知，此处指“急需志愿者的请求”。故选C项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多孩子已经等了一年多了，我断定它是为我准备的。A. decided决定，断定；B. proved证明；C. clarified阐明，澄清；D. reminded提醒。根据下文“The question was whether the ____3____ would want me.”可知，作者觉得很适合自己，当断定它是为作者准备的。故选A项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是这个项目是否需要我。A. company公司；B. program项目；C. school学校；D. family家庭，根据文章第一句“The Big Brothers and Big Sisters Program…”可知，作者想参加这个项目，故选B项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于神经紊乱，我只能借助拐杖走路。A. instruction 指示；B. invention发明；C. control控制；D. aid帮助。根据“Because of a nerve disorder”及下文“I have to hold onto my sticks!(我必须得拄着拐杖)”可知，由于患病，作者只能拄着拐杖行走。故选D项。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但没过多久，我的社工打电话来，“我为你匹配了一个完美的小妹妹。”A. mature成熟的；B. perfect完美的；C. independent独立的；D. strict严格的。根据下文“I’m ____7____ you’re the right match”可知， 社工认为作者和对方是完美的匹配。故选B项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我给盲人带路？我还不得不拄着拐杖呢！”A. dressing给……穿衣服；B. raising提高，举起，筹集；C. leading引领，带路；D. teaching教。根据空后的“the blind”可知，此处指给盲人带路。故选C项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Beth，我相信你们很适合，因为我想让Karen接触一个能证明她无所不能的人，尽管身体上有挑战性。A. concerned相关的，担心的；B. convinced确信的；C. disappointed失望的；D. shocked震惊的。根据下一句“You are such a good role model.(你是个很好的榜样)”可知，社工确信作者和Karen很适合。故选B项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Beth，我相信你们很适合匹配，因为我想让Karen接触一个能证明她无所不能的人，尽管身体上有挑战性。A. married结婚；B. opposed反对；C. devoted奉贤，致力于；D. exposed暴露，使接触。结合语境可知，社工将两人进行匹配是想让Karen接触一个能鼓励她，给她正能量的人。be exposed to接触，故选D项。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Beth，我相信你们很适合匹配，因为我想让Karen接触一个能证明她无所不能的人，尽管身体上有挑战性。A. physical身体的；B. academic 学术的；C. financial财务的；D. environmental环境的。根据上文“Her name is Karen; she is eight and legally blind.(她的名字叫Karen；她八岁，双目失明)”可知，Karen身体上有缺陷，故选A项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很难抗拒，所以我同意和Karen见面。A. resist阻挡，抵抗；B. guarantee保证；C. research研究；D. admit承认。由“so I agreed to meet with Karen”可知，作者很难抗拒，所以答应见面。故选A项。
31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们讨论了如何适应我们的特殊需要。A. turn down拒绝，调低；B. set aside留出；C. adapt to适应；D. bring on导致，引起。由下文内容可知，作者让Karen拉住自己的衣服不要跑开，Karen让作者为自己指路，所以此处指两个人如何适应双方的特殊需求。故选C项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我要她抓住我的衬衫，保证不从我身边跑开。A. decline下降，谢绝；B. expect期望；C. promise承诺，保证；D. imagine想象。结合语境可知，作者让Karen拉着自己的衣服，保证不要随便跑开，故选C项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她想让我告诉她路什么时候是崎岖不平的。A. broad宽广的，宽阔的；B. rough粗糙的，崎岖不平的；C. solid坚硬的；D. smooth光滑的，平坦的。由上文可知，Karen是盲人，所以让作者告诉自己什么时候地势崎岖不平。故选B项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些似乎是合理的，我们可以完成，所以我们成为了姐妹。A. rigid僵化的，死板的；B. disturbing令人不安的；C. dynamic充满活力的，动态的；D. reasonable合理的。由下文两人达成匹配可知，双方的需求都能合理完成，故选D项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些似乎是合理的，我们可以完成，所以我们成为了姐妹。A. sisters姐妹；B. colleagues同事；C. travelers旅行者；D. students学生。由上文“I have the ____5____ Little Sister for you”可知，此处用sisters。故选A项。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们在一起的这些年里，Karen和我做了无数的事情，从普通的园艺到探索纽约市的兴奋。A. weeks 星期；B. months月；C. seasons季节；D. years年。由上文“she is eight”可知，社工向作者介绍Karen时她只有8岁，结合下文“Today, Karen is fifteen”可知，她们在一起很多年。故选D项。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们在一起的这些年里，Karen和我做了无数的事情，从普通的园艺到探索纽约市的兴奋。A. barrier障碍；B. excitement兴奋，激动；C. annoyance烦恼；D. convenience方便。由“exploring New York City”可知，此处指探索纽约市的兴奋之情。故选B项。
38．考查副词词义辨析。句意：今天，Karen15岁了，但我仍然非常高兴能听她分享她的梦想。A. still仍然；B. seldom很少；C. temporarily暂时；D. never从不。结合语境可知，作者和Karen在一起很多年，此处指听她谈论自己的梦想作者仍然很高兴。故选A项。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，Karen15岁了，但我仍然非常高兴能听她分享她的梦想。A. jobs工作；B. flowers花；C. books书；D. dreams梦想。由下文“One day she is going to be a writer, another day a teacher or a seeing-eye dog trainer.(有一天她会成为一名作家，有一天她会成为一名教师或导盲犬教练)”可知，此处指Karen谈论自己的梦想。故选D项。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她相信，如果不限制自己，她能走多远是没有限制的。A. evidence证据；B. motivation动机；C. limit限制；D. point观点，要点。根据上文她谈及自己的各种梦想及空后“if she never restricts herself”可知，如果不限制自己，能走多远是没有限制的。故选C项。

41．rapidly 42．which 43．growth 44．children 45．has seen 46．in 47．conducted 48．to find 49．it 50．indicates

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍英国家庭组成结构在过去两百年所发生的变化情况。
41．考查副词。句意：在过去的200年里，英国人的家庭组成结构发生了快速的变化。在英语中通常使用副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子。本句中句中changed是动词，要用副词修饰。所以要填 rapidly。
42．考查定语从句。句意：在工业革命前英国传统的家庭结构是三代居住在一起的大家庭。本句是一个定语从句，应该使用关系代词指代先行词family，并在定语从句中做介词in的宾语，用关系代词which。所以要填which。
43．考查名词。句意：二十世纪初期建筑了核心家庭的成长。句中saw是及物动词，后接名词作宾语。growth是动词grow的名词形式。所以要填 growth。
44．考查名词复数。句意：父母亲和孩子们形成了单个的家庭。child是可数名词，其前有a number of修饰时要用复数形式。所以要填 children。
45．考查动词时态。句意：在过去三十年里，英国见证了核心家庭的破裂。根据时间状语In the last thirty years要用现在完成时态，且主语UK是单数形式，助动词用has。所以要填 has seen。
46．考查动词固定搭配。句意：越来越高的离婚率、晚婚晚育等原因导致了核心家庭的破裂。
动词短语 in意为"引起， 导致"，是固定搭配。所以句中要填 in．
47．考查过去分词。句意：研究人员进行的一项调查显示百分之50的孩子是由未婚的父母亲所生的。句中名词survey与conduct之间是动宾关系，要用过去分词短语conducted by researchers作定语。所以要填 conducted．
48．考查动词不定式。句意：在印度家庭里三代人生活在一起是很常见的。句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to find that three generations are living together in an Indian family。所以要填 to find．
49．考查代词。句意：他们说除了加强传统家庭联系以外，大家庭还可以给不再工作的老人提供安全。句中it指代前文中提到的the extended family structure，使用要填 it。
50．考查主谓一致。句意：他们认为老人生活在护理中心说明很多社区里的老人在年老的时候被抛弃了。主语phenomenon是单数形式，且表示一般事实，谓语动词也应用单数形式。所以要填 indicates。
【点睛】本文小题2考查了定语从句的关系词用法，因为原句中介词in后面缺少宾语，所以要用关系代词which引导。从句是语法填空题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。
例1：He did not do _____ his father had asked him to do．
　通过分析成分可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。
　例2：Those _____ want to go to the village must sign here．
通过分析成分可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入关系代词who。
51．1. 在spotted 后加a  
2. See→Seeing
3. Therefore→However   
4. 删除at
5. while→when   
6. pay→paid
7. surprising→surprised   
8. her→him
9. something→everything/anything   
10. great→greater
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。我和朋友Jim购物买剪纸时，Jim不仅对剪纸感兴趣，而且赞叹手机支付方式。
【小题1】考查冠词。句意：上周末，我的英国朋友吉姆在街上闲逛时，发现了一个剪纸摊。“stand”作名词有“货摊”的含义，为可数名词。照应句意，应为单数，且spotted发音以辅音音素开头。故在potted后加a。
【小题2】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到如此精美的剪纸，他真的很惊讶，所以他立即决定买一个。分析句子成分可知，应为非谓语动词，且和主语“he”之间为主动关系，故用doing形式作状语。故将See改为Seeing。
【小题3】考查副词。句意：然而，当她看到吉姆递给她的100元钞票时，她摇了摇头。根据句意可知，前后为转折含义。故将Therefore改为However。
【小题4】考查介词。句意：然而，当她看到吉姆递给她的100元钞票时，她摇了摇头。分析句子成分可知，应为连词“the moment”，引导时间状语从句。故删除at。
【小题5】考查连词。句意：他正要放弃时，我拿出手机，扫描了展台上的二维码，付了5元钱。固定句型be about to do sth. when...“正要做某事这时……”。故将while改为when。
【小题6】考查谓语动词。句意：他正要放弃时，我拿出手机，扫描了展台上的二维码，付了5元钱。分析句子成分可知，“took out”，“scanned”和“pay”为并列的谓语，故时态应保持一致。故将pay改为paid。
【小题7】考查形容词。句意：吉姆非常惊讶。主语为人，故用修饰人的形容词。故将surprising改为surprised。
【小题8】考查代词。句意：我向他解释说，现在我们几乎可以用手机支付任何东西。Jim为男性。故将her改为him。
【小题9】考查代词。句意：我向他解释说，现在我们几乎可以用手机支付任何东西。根据句意可知，用手机可以支付一切东西，任何东西。故将something改为everything/anything。
【小题10】考查形容词。句意：吉姆说：“剪纸看起来很棒，付款方式似乎更棒！”even修饰比较级，且Jim认为付款方式更棒。故将great改为greater。
52．Dear Sahna,
I am sorry to hear that you didn’t perform well in the contest of Chinese calligraphy and that you are feeling discouraged.
Anyhow, as a foreigner, you have tried your best. As the proverb goes, failure is the mother of success. Facing failure, you shouldn’t feel sad and lose heart. On the contrary, you should analyze the cause of your failure. As far as I am concerned, you are not well prepared for it and you need more time to practice more. Chinese calligraphy is a time-consuming art, so what you need to do is spend more time on it.
If you want to practice, I am willing to work as a tutor to help you improve it.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给书法班的英国同学Sahna写信，向其表示安慰，帮助Sahna分析在汉语书法大赛中表现欠佳的原因并提供辅导。
【详解】1.词汇积累
比赛：contest→competition
无论如何：anyhow→in any case
原因：cause→reason
帮助：help→assist
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Facing failure, you shouldn’t feel sad and lose heart.
拓展句：When you are facing failure, you shouldn’t feel sad and lose heart.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Chinese calligraphy is a time-consuming art, so what you need to do is spend more time on it.（运用了what引导的主语从句）
【高分句型2】If you want to practice, I am willing to work as a tutor to help you improve it.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）