高一英语下学期期末考试01（天津卷）-2022-2023学年高一英语必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练（外研版2019）

这是一份高一英语下学期期末考试01（天津卷）-2022-2023学年高一英语必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练（外研版2019），共20页。试卷主要包含了本试卷分第Ⅰ卷两部分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试（天津卷）
英语
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．________ for his athletic ability and devotion, Kobe Bryant has been regarded as an idol by most young basketball fans.
A．Admiring B．To be admired C．Admired D．Be admired
2．The engineer is thought to be ________ and modest, so his promotion to manager is a popular decision.
A．emotional B．accurate C．hesitant D．capable
3．As a rule, the students who fail to meet these ________ will not be admitted to the university.
A．considerations B．limitation C．situations D．requirements
4．We took some effective measures to change the financial condition of our company. ________, it would have got worse.
A．Otherwise B．Therefore C．Meanwhile D．However
5．The machine is of no use, ________ repaired.
A．if B．unless C．when D．since
6．________ along the Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
A．Travel B．Having traveled C．Traveling D．Traveled
7．Bicycle lanes(车道) can ________ traffic jam by separating bicycles from cars.
A．rescue B．register C．reserve D．relieve
8．We are surprised that his prediction about the experiment result ________ be so precise.
A．should B．could C．must D．will
9．Cigarette smoking is ________ for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.
A．suitable B．responsible C．renewable D．incredible
10．— Smoking should be banned in public
— ______. It is harmful to both the smokers and non-smokers .
A．I'd like to B．It's my pleasure C．I'm with you on that D．It's up to you
11．My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A．was repaired B．is repaired
C．is being repaired D．has been repaired
12．Susan is a clerk in an IT company now, but she ________ English in a high school for 3 years.
A．teach B．had taught C．have taught D．taught
13．________ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
A．What B．That C．Whether D．Which
14．This is a heartwarming story about a boy ________ saved his mother’s life.
A．which B．who C．whose D．whom
15．--May I use your dictionary？I'm stuck in the sentence.
--It's just on my desk ______.
A．Got it B．My pleasure
C．Help yourself D．come to power
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. At the same time, teenagers have ___16___ feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common ___17___ between parents and teenagers is about untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over ___18___ rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the ___19___. On the other hand, teenagers lose their ___20___ continually when parents blame them for ___21___ the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or ___22___ to do the shopping at the supermarket.
The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different ___23___ to these problems. However, some approaches are more ___24___ than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but ___25___ clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s ___26___. On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the bad ___27___ of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents ___28___ the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to ___29___ their actions.
Psychologists say that ___30___ is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should ___31___ to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to ___32___ their children have to say. Parents may ___33___ their children when they are untidy but they should also ___34___ that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by ___35___ to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.
16．A．natural B．strong C．guilty D．similar
17．A．interest B．argument C．reality D．knowledge
18．A．noisy B．crowded C．untidy D．locked
19．A．housework B．homework C．problem D．research
20．A．job B．patience C．wisdom D．way
21．A．washing B．using C．dropping D．replacing
22．A．refusing B．pretending C．deciding D．inspiring
23．A．approaches B．contributions C．introductions D．missions
24．A．complex B．popular C．natural D．effective
25．A．recently B．later C．seldom D．previously
26．A．behavior B．taste C．future D．nature
27．A．failures B．changes C．results D．response
28．A．of B．to C．by D．with
29．A．restore B．release C．represent D．reconsider
30．A．honesty B．belief C．communication D．friendship
31．A．talk B．attend C．attach D．reply
32．A．when B．how C．why D．what
33．A．hate B．scold C．frighten D．stop
34．A．receive B．arrange C．understand D．persuade
35．A．devoting B．observing C．listening D．praising
第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Better China Trip aims to be a bridge for you in China. Whether you are here on business or simply for sightseeing, we offer you a city-to-city transportation, tour guide, and interpreter service. We can also try to assist you in answering any questions you might have with your business in China. For sightseers, we aim to ensure you see the highlights of any particular city or location you want to visit. You can either research your trip by yourself and bring us a preferred itinerary, or make use of our expert local knowledge to suggest one to you. You’d better discuss it with us before you start out; simply email or ring us up. You can also register your personal information, and book any service you need. The following are our services that you can order.
We have Beijing car rental, Beijing van(货车) rental, and Beijing driver services. Better China Trip provides car rental services in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Xi’an, Guilin, etc.
Services available:
1. Car, van and bus rental for business/shopping/sightseeing.
2. Translators and interpreters from Chinese to English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, German, Italian, Russian, etc.
3. Beijing airport transfers(pick-up and drop-off).
4. Hotel and air or train tickets booking.
5. Tour guides& services for the Great Wall, Tiananmen Square, the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, the Temple of Heaven, the Ming Tombs, etc.
6. Tickets booking for Kungfu shows, magic, Peking Opera, etc.
7. Health care: traditional Chinese massage(按摩), foot massage, body massage.
8. Experiencing local Beijing Hutong life by tricycle.
Contact us:
You can visit our website at: www.betterchinatrip.com.
Tel: 010 84026538(within China); 008610 84026538(outside China);
Email: bctrip01@gmail.com
MSN(Microsoft service Network):bctrip01@gmail.com
36．Whom will Better China Trip serve mainly?
A．The citizens who live or work in Beijing.
B．Whoever has language difficulty in China.
C．Whoever travels or does business in China.
D．The athletes coming to Beijing for big games.
37．What does the underlined word “itinerary” probably mean?
A．Living condition.
B．A plan for a journey.
C．A perfect working plan.
D．A shopping arrangement.
38．When is the best time for you to contact the service company?
A．Before you set out.
B．When you arrive in Beijing.
C．When you have any trouble.
D．After you start your travel.
39．With the help of the company you can get the service of _______.
A．getting a passport to go abroad
B．tour guides who speak many languages
C．driving you to any place at any time
D．getting the tickets to a Kungfu show
40．We can learn from this passage that _______.
A．this passage probably comes from a car magazine
B．you can visit places of interest with expert tour guides
C．you can ride a tricycle to any tourist attraction in Beijing
D．Better China Trip only provides car rental services in Beijing
B
Farmer John and Farmer Bob were neighbors. For more than 30 years, they had been getting along very well.
Then their good relationship broke. It began with a small thing, then bitter words, and then weeks of silence. One morning Farmer John woke up to find a stream between the two farms. “It must be Bob,” John thought.
Then one day there was a knock on John’s door. He opened it to find a carpenter(木匠) standing at the doorway.
“I’m looking for a few days’ work,” the carpenter said.
“I do have a job for you,” John said. “Look across the stream at that farm. That’s my neighbor Bob. He dug a stream between the two farms. I want you to build a fence—an 8-foot fence. I don’t want to see his place or his face any more. I don’t have such a neighbor!”
The carpenter said, “I think I know what to do, sir, and I’ll be able to do a job that pleases you.”
Farmer John helped the carpenter get the materials ready and then he was off for the day. About sunset when the farmer returned, the carpenter had just finished his job. The farmer’s eyes opened wide. There was no fence there at all!
It was a bridge! And the neighbor, Bob, was coming across, with his hand outstretched(伸出). “Hi, John! You’re quite a fellow to build this bridge!”
Then they met in the middle, taking each other’s hands. “I’m terribly sorry for what I have said and done. We should be good to each other,” said Farmer Bob.
Then they turned to see the carpenter, who was ready to go. “No, wait! Stay a few days. I have a lot of other jobs for you,” said Farmer John. “I’d love to stay,” the carpenter said, “but I have more bridges to build.”
41．Just before the carpenter came, John and Bob ________ each other.
A．didn’t speak to B．were friendly to
C．often fought with D．never had bitter words with
42．Farmer John asked the carpenter to build a fence because
A．he wanted to protect his farm B．he didn’t want to do it himself
C．he wouldn’t like to see Bob D．he wanted to find him something to do
43．What does the sentence “You’re quite a fellow to build this bridge!” mean!
A．John was great to build this bridge.
B．John was not good at building bridges.
C．John was foolish to build such a bridge.
D．John should build the bridge earlier.
44．What do you think of the carpenter?
A．shy. B．wise.
C．proud. D．careless.
45．What is the best title for the passage?
A．What a Big Fence! B．Farmer and Bridge
C．Three Kind Men D．A Fence or a Bridge
C
Scientists have not found any signs of life on Mars yet,but they say a robotic vehicle called “Curiosity” is helping them learn a lot about the planet’s history and climate.
Curiosity landed on Mars in August 2012 after travelling through space for more than eight months.It was sent to Mars by scientists from NASA in the United States.
Curiosity is about the size of a car and has six wheels.It also has a robotic arm,cameras,and instruments that allow it to examine things it finds on the surface.Then it sends the information back to the earth.
Curiosity’s main task is to find out if anything could live on Mars,either now or in the past.On Nov.2,NASA scientists held a press conference (新闻发布会) to discuss what Curiosity had found in its first two months on Mars.
Curiosity has found soil that is similar to the sand formed by volcanoes (火山) on the earth.Scientists say that studying the minerals in Martian soil will help them understand what conditions were like on the planet in the past.Curiosity also found smooth stones like the ones found on river beds and seashores on the earth,where their rough edges have been worn down by water.Mars is very cold and dry now,but scientists say the smooth stones tell them that a river used to run through the place where they were found.
Curiosity has been testing the atmosphere around Mars for a type of gas called methane (甲烷),but so far it has not found any.On the earth,most methane is produced by plants or animals.Methane on Mars might indicate that some type of tiny plants or animals lived there.
Curiosity is the fourth robotic vehicle to be sent to Mars.It will continue to explore the planet for about two years.
46．Which of the following descriptions about Curiosity is TRUE?
A．It landed on Mars in January 2012.
B．It is small in size and has four arms.
C．It took over eight months to arrive in Mars.
D．It was sent to Mars by scientists from Russia.
47．According to the information sent back by Curiosity,scientists believe that 　　　.
A．there’s no air on Mars B．Mars is warm and wet now
C．the soil on Mars is rich D．there used to be water on Mars
48．The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refers to “　　　”.
A．smooth stones B．rivers
C．robotic vehicles D．volcanoes
49．We know from the sixth paragraph that 　　　.
A．some tiny animals once lived on Mars
B．there are no plants or animals on Mars now
C．the atmosphere around Mars is full of methane
D．Curiosity is designed to test the atmosphere around the earth
50．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Humans benefit a lot by going to Mars.
B．Scientists will stop the research on Mars soon.
C．It is possible to build an earth-like environment on Mars.
D．A robotic vehicle helps scientists get useful information from Mars.
D
If you want to become a fluent English speaker you should take some advice. There are four skills in learning English. They are reading, listening, speaking, and writing. The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills, you should first master the skills of reading and listening.
Read as much as you can. But your reading must be active. It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentence, the meaning of the unfamiliar(不熟悉) words, etc. There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammars or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you come across, but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example, in other passages or books, is enough. It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or sentences in it.
As for listening, there are two choices: besides reading, you can listen every day for about 30 minutes. You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening. Since you have lots of inputs in your mind, you can easily guess what the speaker is going to say. This never means that you should not practice listening.
For listening you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children. Their languages are easy. Or if you are good at listening you can listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes.
If you follow these pieces of advice, your speaking and writing will improve quickly, and you can be a fluent English speaker one day.
51．According to the writer, which should you improve first among the four skills?
A．Reading and listening. B．Reading and writing
C．Writing and speaking. D．Speaking and listening.
52．To improve your reading, when you read you should ______.
A．look up all the new words in the dictionary
B．think about what you are reading actively
C．spend more time studying grammars
D．copy as many words and sentences as possible
53．The underlined phrase “come across” in Paragraph 2 can probably be replaced by “______”.
A．hear B．discover C．meet by accident D．look for
54．The passage is mainly about how to ______.
A．choose suitable listening materials
B．deal with new words in reading
C．become fluent in speaking and writing English
D．improve your reading ability as quickly as possible
55．The author seems to agree with the view that____.
A．everyone should listen to VOA or BBC programs every day
B．you needn’t practice listening if you keep on reading every day.
C．you should take notes of whatever you are hearing.
D．being good at reading is helpful in improving your listening.
第二部分:写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。
One night, during the first of my eldest son’s three basketball games, we happened to be sitting next to a lady with a young son. The little boy looked slightly younger than my youngest son. At one point in the game, the little guy looked over to my son, and said, “Wanna be my friend?” My husband leaned over to tell me what he heard. I spent the next 20 minutes taking pictures of my oldest son on the court, and my youngest son, with his new buddy, playing games two seats down from where I sat. It was a heartwarming scene and reminded me how easy it can be to make new friends.
A few hours earlier, we went to a downtown cafe for an afternoon treat. There were no free tables for four, so we took a table for two, and crowded into the small space, each taking a bite of everyone else’s order. We were loud.
We were very likely annoying the college students with open laptops, drinking coffee and working hard to finish midterm papers. One such young lady came over to our table and said, “I have more room at my table. I am happy to trade with you guys so you can spread out.” It was a simple act but it showed a selfless heart. We politely refused her offer, but her kindness stuck with me for hours after it happened.
These are just two of everyday kindnesses I often take for granted. Though often neglected by us, these small acts of service, friendliness and human care are what it takes to make the world go round.
56．What was heart - warming according to Paragraph 1? (no more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________________
57．What did the lady in the cafe offer? (no more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________________
58．What does the underlined word “neglected” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? (1 word)
________________________________________________________________________________
59．What does the author try to express through the passage? (no more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________________
60．Which of the two stories touches you more? And give your reasons. (no more than 25 Words)
________________________________________________________________________________
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
61．假定你是李华，寒假就要来了，你打算参加学校组织的国际游学(Global Study Tour)活动，目的地是California。请给你的美国朋友Peter写封信表达你的游学目的，并希望得到他的建议。要点如下：
1.开阔眼界；
2.体验不同形式的教育；
3.提高语言能力。
注意：1.词数：100词。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

参考答案：
1．C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Kobe Bryant因他的运动能力和奉献精神被钦佩，已经被大部分年轻的篮球迷视为偶像。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词，在句中作原因状语，与逻辑主语Kobe Bryant构成被动关系，且动作已经发生，应用过去分词形式。故选C。
2．D
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位工程师被认为是能干且谦虚的，所以他被晋升为经理，这是一个受欢迎的决定。A. emotional情感的；B. accurate准确的；C. hesitant犹豫的；D. capable有能力的。由下文“and modest, so his promotion to manager is a popular decision.”可知，这位工程师能干且谦虚，所以被晋升为经理，故选D。
3．D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，达不到这些要求的学生将不能被大学录取。A. considerations考虑、注意事项；B. limitation限制、制约；C. situations状况、情境；D. requirements要求。根据“will not be admitted to the university.”可知，此处表示满足这些要求。故选D项。
4．A
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们采取了一些有效的措施来改变公司的财务状况。否则，情况会更糟。A.Otherwise否则；B.Therefore因此；C.Meanwhile与此同时；D.However然而。根据前文“We took some effective measures to change the financial condition of our company”和后文“it would have got worse”可知，此处是指幸亏采取了有效措施否则情况会更糟。故选A。
5．B
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：这台机器是不能用了，除非被修理一下。A. if 假如；是否；B.  unless除非；C. when当...的时候；D.  since自从。该空四个选项都是连接词可以引导状语从句，该从句是省略句，省略了和主句相同的主语the machine和助动词is；unless意为“除非，若是不”引导条件状语从句，符合语境。故选B项。
6．C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣又有意义的经历。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语，设空处在句中作主语，应动名词形式，表示一般性的行为。故选C项。
7．D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意 ：自行车道可以通过将自行车与汽车分开来缓解交通堵塞。A. rescue营救；B. register注册；C. reserve预定；预约；D. relieve缓解。结合下文“ by separating bicycles from cars”可知，通过把自行车和汽车分开的方法可以缓解交通堵塞。故选D。
8．A
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：我们很惊讶，他对实验结果的预测竟然如此准确。A. should竟然；B. could能够；C. must必须；D. will将会。由“We are surprised”可知，句子表示“我们很惊讶，他对实验结果的预测竟然如此准确”，空格处是“竟然”，故选A。
9．B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大约90%的肺癌死亡是吸烟造成的。A. suitable适宜的、合适的；B. responsible负责的；C. renewable可再生的；D. incredible难以置信的。be responsible for为固定搭配，表示“作为……的原因”，此处指吸烟是肺癌死亡的原因。故选B项。
10．C
【详解】考查情景会话用语。句意：——公共场合吸烟应当被禁止。——我同意你的观点。它对吸烟者和不吸烟的人都是有害的。A. 我很想去（但是......）；B. 乐意效劳；C. 我同意你的观点；D. 这取决于你。第一个说话人表达自己的观点。即：公共场合吸烟应被禁止。由空格后句句意（吸烟害人害己）可知，第二个说话人应当是赞同第一个说话人的观点。故选C项。
11．C
【详解】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
点睛：本题考查时态。分析选项可以知道，4个选项都用了被动语态，本题考查的其实是不同的时态。选项A是过去时；选项B是一般现在时的被动；选项C是现在进行时；选项D是现在完成时。再结合语境进行分析，最终判断出最佳答案。
12．D
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：苏珊现在是一家IT公司的职员，但她曾在一所高中教过三年英语。分析句子可知，在高中教英语是过去的事，所以用一般过去时。故选D项。
13．A
【详解】考查主语从句的引导词。句意：他在会上所说的话使在场的每个人都感到惊讶。空处引导主语从句，在从句中作said的宾语，表示“所说的话”用what。故选A。
14．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是一个关于一个男孩救了他母亲生命的感人故事。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句修饰前面的名词boy，这是一个定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词boy表示人，应用who引导。故选B项。
15．C
【详解】考查情景对话。——句意：我可以用你的字典吗?我困在这个句子上了。——它在我的桌子上，请自便。A. Got it；明白了吗；B. My pleasure我很荣幸；C. Help yourself请自便；D. come to power当权，根据It's just on my desk，可知这里意思是“请自便”，故选C。

16．D 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．B 21．C 22．A 23．A 24．D 25．B 26．A 27．C 28．D 29．D 30．C 31．A 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．C

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。讨论了家长和孩子如何相处的问题。一味的责备会使得亲情疏远。父母也应该倾听孩子的心里话。沟通是一个双向的过程。做一个聪明的善解人意的家长更受孩子的欢迎。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：父母觉得很难与青少年生活。然后青少年也有和父母相似的感受，说和他们一起生活不容易。A. natural自然的；B. strong强壮的；C. guilty有罪的；D. similar相似的。根据上文“Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers”和下文“saying that it is not easy living with them”可知，父母和孩子有着相似的感觉。故选D。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据最近的一项研究，父母与青少年之间的最常见的争吵是关于邋遢和每日的例行任务。A. interest兴趣；B. argument争论，争吵；C. reality现实；D. knowledge知识。根据下文“about untidiness and daily routine tasks”可知，因为父母不满意孩子不能保持自己房间的干净、整齐、卫生而发生争吵。故选B。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一方面，父母对房间不整洁，衣服扔在地板上，他们的孩子拒绝帮助做家务感到烦恼。 A. noisy喧闹的；B. crowded拥挤的；C. untidy不整洁的；D. locked上锁的。根据下文“clothes thrown on the floor”可知，房间很不整洁。故选C。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一方面，父母对房间不整洁，衣服扔在地板上，他们的孩子拒绝帮助做家务感到烦恼。A. housework家务；B. homework作业；C. problem问题；D. research研究，调查。根据上文“parents go mad over ___3___ rooms, clothes thrown on the floor”可知，凌乱的房间，扔在地板上的衣服等这些都是家务方面的事。故选A。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，当父母责备青少年把毛巾掉在浴室里、不打扫房间或拒绝在超市购物时，青少年会不断失去耐心。A. job工作；B. patience耐心；C. wisdom智慧；D. way方法。根据下文“parents blame them”可知，当父母责备青少年时青少年会不断失去耐心，故选B。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，当父母责备青少年把毛巾掉在浴室里、不打扫房间或拒绝在超市购物时，青少年会不断失去耐心。A. washing洗；B. using使用；C. dropping落下；D. replacing更换，替代。根据下文“the towel in the bathroom”可知，此处指把毛巾掉在地上。故选C。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，当父母责备青少年把毛巾掉在浴室里、不打扫房间或拒绝在超市购物时，青少年会不断失去耐心。A. refusing拒绝；B. pretending假装；C. deciding决定；D. inspiring启发。根据上文“their children’s refusal to help”可知，此处指青少年拒绝在超市购物，故选A。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：圣乔治大学进行的这项研究表明，不同的父母对这些问题有不同的方法。A. approaches方法，途径；B. contributions贡献；C. introductions介绍，入门；D. missions使命。根据下文“some approaches”可知，此处表示“不同的父母对这些问题有不同的方法”，故选A。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，有些方法比其他方法更有效。A. complex复杂的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. natural自然的；D. effective有效的。根据下文“On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the bad ___12___ of their actions can do better”可知，有些方法比其他方法更有效，故选D。
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：例如，那些对孩子的不整洁大吼大叫，但后来为他们打扫房间的父母，很少有机会改变他们的孩子的行为。A. recently最近；B. later后来；C. seldom很少；D. previously以前。由下文的“clean the room for them”可知，此处表示对孩子的不整洁大吼大叫，但后来为他们打扫房间，故选B。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，那些对孩子的不整洁大吼大叫，但后来为他们打扫房间的父母，很少有机会改变他们的孩子的行为。A. behavior行为；B. taste味道；C. future未来；D. nature自然。根据第12空后的“their actions can do better.”可知，此处指青少年的“行为”。故选A。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，那些让青少年体验他们行为的后果的人可以做得更好。A. failures失败；B. changes变化；C. results结果；D. response回答。根据下文“For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents ___13___ the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to ___14___ their actions”可知，句子表示“那些让青少年体验他们行为的后果的人可以做得更好”，故选C。
28．考查介词词义辨析。句意：例如，当不帮助父母购物的青少年在冰箱里没有找到他们最喜欢的饮料时，他们被迫重新考虑自己的行为。A. of属于；B. to对于；C. by由，被；D. with关于。根据下文“the shopping”可知，此处指不帮助父母购物的青少年，help sb. with sth.意为“在某方面帮助某人”，故选D。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，当不帮助父母购物的青少年在冰箱里没有找到他们最喜欢的饮料时，他们被迫重新考虑自己的行为。A. restore恢复；B. release释放；C. represent代表；D. reconsider重新考虑。根据上文“those who let teenagers experience the bad ___12___ of their actions can do better”可知，当不帮助父母购物的青少年在冰箱里没有找到他们最喜欢的饮料时，他们被迫重新考虑自己的行为，故选D。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家说，沟通是亲子关系中最重要的事情。A. honesty诚实；B. belief信念；C. communication沟通；D. friendship友谊。根据下文“Parents should ___16___ to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to ___17___ their children have to say”可知，沟通是亲子关系中最重要的事情，故选C。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母应该和他们的孩子说话，但同时他们应该倾听他们的孩子说什么。A. talk交谈；B. attend参加；C. attach系上，贴上；D. reply回答。根据下文“to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to ___17___ their children have to say”可知，这里意思是父母应和子女交谈。故选A。
32．考查连词词义辨析。句意：父母应该和他们的孩子说话，但同时他们应该倾听他们的孩子说什么。A. when当……的时候；B. how怎么；C. why为什么；D. what什么。分析句子结构可知，“their children have to say”是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，句子表示“倾听他们的孩子说什么”，因此空格处用what引导宾语从句，故选D。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当孩子不整洁时，父母可能会责骂他们，但他们也应该明白，他们的房间是他们自己的私人空间。A. hate厌恶；B. scold责骂；C. frighten使害怕；D. stop停止。根据下文“their children when they are untidy”可知，此处指“责骂”自己的孩子。故选B。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当孩子不整洁时，父母可能会责骂他们，但他们也应该明白，他们的房间是他们自己的私人空间。A. receive收到；B. arrange安排；C. understand明白；D. persuade说服。根据下文“that their room is their own private space”可知，父母也应该明白，孩子的房间是他们自己的私人空间，故选C。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：沟通是一个双向的过程，只有通过倾听和理解对方，父母与子女之间的问题才可以得到解决。A. devoting贡献；B. observing观察；C. listening听；D. praising表扬。根据常识和上文“they should lend an ear to ___17___ their children have to say”可知，只有通过倾听和理解对方，父母与子女之间的问题才可以得到解决，故选C。
36．C 37．B 38．A 39．D 40．B

【分析】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了Better China Trip的相关信息。
36．细节理解题。根据第一段“Whether you are here on business or simply for sightseeing, we offer you a city-to-city transportation, tour guide, and interpreter service.”（无论您是出差还是观光，我们都为您提供城市到城市的交通、导游和翻译服务）可知，Better China Trip主要服务于来中国旅游或者做生意的人。故选C项。
37．词句猜测题。根据第一段“You can either research your trip by yourself and bring us a preferred itinerary, or make use of our expert local knowledge to suggest one to you.”（你可以自己研究一下你的旅行，给我们一个首选的itinerary，或者利用我们当地的专业知识给你推荐一个行程计划）可知，itinerary指的是“行程计划”故选B项。
38．细节理解题。根据第一段“You’d better discuss it with us before you start out; simply email or ring us up.”（你最好在出发前和我们讨论一下，发邮件或打电话给我们。）由此可知，出发之前最好联系一下服务公司。故选A项。
39．细节理解题。根据“6. Tickets booking for Kungfu shows, magic, Peking Opera, etc.”（第六条 预定功夫表演、魔术、京剧等演出的门票）可知，在公司的帮助下，你可以获得功夫表演的门票。故选D项。
40．推理判断题。根据“Tour guides& services for the Great Wall, Tiananmen Square, the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, the Temple of Heaven, the Ming Tombs, etc.”（享有长城、天安门广场、紫禁城、颐和园、天坛、十三陵等地的导游和服务。）由此判断出，你可以和专业导游一起参观名胜古迹。故选B项。
41．A 42．C 43．A 44．B 45．D

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述John和Bob本来是好朋友，但是他们闹僵了。John想让木匠在Bob搞分裂挖的河道那里建一个栅栏，因为他再也不想见到Bob。木匠却巧妙地在河道之上搭建了一座桥梁，使得他们重建友谊的故事。
41．细节理解题。根据第二段“Then their good relationship broke. It began with a small thing, then bitter words, and then weeks of silence.（然后他们的良好关系破裂了。一开始是一件小事，然后是尖刻的言语，然后是几周的沉默。）”可知，木匠出现之前，John和Bob关系闹僵了，彼此不说话。故选A项。
42．细节理解题。根据第五段“I want you to build a fence—an 8-foot fence. I don’t want to see his place or his face any more.（我要你建个栅栏，8英尺高的栅栏。我不想再见到他的住所和他的脸。）”可知，John要求Bob建一个栅栏的原因是他不想再见到Bob。故选C项。
43．词句猜测题。结合下文“Then they met in the middle, taking each other’s hands. “I’m terribly sorry for what I have said and done. We should be good to each other,” said Farmer Bob.（然后他们在中间相遇，手拉着手。农夫Bob说：“我为我说过的话和做过的事感到非常抱歉。我们应该善待彼此。”）”可知，Bob以为是John主动建了一座桥，所以为自己挖河道的行为感到愧疚，也为John能主动缓和关系而感动。所以“You’re quite a fellow to build this bridge!（你能够建造这座桥真是个了不起！）”这句话应该表达的是“他认为John能够建造这座桥很了不起”。故选A项。
44．推理判断题。结合文章内容和最后一段“I’d love to stay,” the carpenter said, “but I have more bridges to build.（木匠说：“我也想留下来，但是我还有更多的桥要建。”）”可知，John本来想让木匠建一个栅栏和Bob隔绝，但是木匠却为他们建立了一座桥梁，这使得John和Bob重新建立了友谊，他用自己的智慧化解了矛盾，所以可以看出木匠是一位很聪明的人。故选B项。
45．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述John和Bob本来是好朋友，但是他们闹僵了。John想让木匠在Bob搞分裂挖的河道那里建一个栅栏，因为他再也不想见到Bob。木匠却巧妙地在河道之上搭建了一座桥梁，使得他们重建友谊的故事。所以文章是围绕“建栅栏还是建桥”而展开的。D选项“A Fence or a Bridge（栅栏还是桥梁）”概括文章主题。适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
46．C 47．D 48．A 49．B 50．D

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“好奇号”机器人探索火星的最新情况。
46．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Curiosity landed on Mars in August 2012 after travelling through space for more than eight months.（“好奇号”于2012年8月在太空中飞行了八个多月后登陆火星。）”可知，“好奇号”机器人花了八个多月的时间到达火星。故选C项。
47．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Curiosity also found smooth stones like the ones found on river beds and seashores on the earth, where their rough edges have been worn down by water.（“好奇号”还发现了光滑的石头，就像在河床和海岸上发现的那些石头一样，它们粗糙的边缘已经被水磨掉了。）”可知，根据“好奇号”发回的信息，科学家们相信火星上曾经有水。故选D项。
48．词句猜测题。根据第五段最后一句“Mars is very cold and dry now,but scientists say the smooth stones tell them that a river used to run through the place where they were found.（火星现在非常寒冷和干燥，但科学家们说，这些光滑的石头告诉他们，曾经有一条河流流经这些石头被发现的地方。）”可知，这些光滑的石头告诉科学家们曾经有一条河流流经这些石头被发现的地方，可知，代词they指代的是上文的smooth stones。故选A项。
49．推理判断题。根据第六段“Curiosity has been testing the atmosphere around Mars for a type of gas called methane (甲烷), but so far it has not found any. On the earth, most methane is produced by plants or animals. Methane on Mars might indicate that some type of tiny plants or animals lived there.（“好奇号”一直在测试火星周围的大气中是否有一种叫做甲烷的气体，但到目前为止还没有发现。在地球上，大部分甲烷是由植物或动物产生的。火星上的甲烷可能表明曾有某种小型植物或动物生活在那里。）”可知，如果有甲烷，就表示火星上有植物或动物存在的可能。但是“好奇号”到现在为止都没有在火星上找到甲烷，可见火星上至少现在是没有植物或动物的。故选B项。
50．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists have not found any signs of life on Mars yet, but they say a robotic vehicle called “Curiosity” is helping them learn a lot about the planet’s history and climate.（科学家们还没有在火星上发现任何生命迹象，但他们表示，一个名为“好奇号”的机器人飞行器正在帮助他们了解火星的历史和气候。）可知，本文主要讲了一个名为“好奇号”的机器人帮助科学家获取有关火星的有用信息，因此选项D“一个机器人飞行器帮助科学家从火星上获得有用的信息。”符合题意。故选D项。
51．A 52．B 53．C 54．C 55．D

【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何提高英语听说读写能力的几点建议。
51．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills, you should first master the skills of reading and listening.”可知，四项技巧中，应该首先改进阅读和听力，故A项正确。
52．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But your reading must be active. It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentence, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc.”可知，阅读时要积极思考所读的内容，故B项正确。
53．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在的句子及画线词后的“but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them”可知，不要费力去理解你遇到的不熟悉的单词，只要你以后再遇到它们的时候认出它们就好了，由此可知画线词词义为“偶然遇到”，故C项正确。
54．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“If you want to become a fluent English speaker you should take some advice. There are four skills in learning English. They are reading, listening, speaking, and writing.”可知，本文主要介绍了如何提高英语听说读写能力的几点建议，故C项正确。
55．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening.”可知，擅长阅读有利于提高听力技巧，故D项正确。
【点睛】方法策略类阅读理解的文体特点决定了其主题句往往在文章的第一句，考生们应充分利用这一特点，抓住文章主题句，例如本篇第4题，文章第一段中的“If you want to become a fluent English speaker you should take some advice. There are four skills in learning English. They are reading, listening, speaking, and writing.”可知，本文主要介绍了如何提高英语听说读写能力的几点建议。
56．Seeing my youngest son playing games with his new buddy. 57．To trade table with us. 58．Ignored. 59．She shouldn’t have taken everyday kindnesses for granted. 60．The first story touched me most. It tells me how easy it is to make friends and be friendly to others.

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过两件身边发生的小事感悟到了每日都在发生着的善良的举动，认为这是世界运转所需要的。
56．细节理解题。根据第一段“I spent the next 20 minutes taking pictures of my oldest son on the court, and my youngest son, with his new buddy, playing games two seats down from where I sat. It was a heartwarming scene (接下来的20分钟里，我在球场上给大儿子拍照，小儿子和他的新伙伴在离我坐的地方两个座位的地方玩游戏。这是一个温暖人心的场景)”可知，温暖人心的场景是作者看见小儿子和她的新伙伴一起玩耍，故填Seeing my youngest son playing games with his new buddy.
57．细节理解题。根据第三段“One such young lady came over to our table and said, “I have more room at my table. I am happy to trade with you guys so you can spread out.” (一位这样的年轻女士走到我们的桌子前说：“我的桌子上空间多。我很乐意和你们交换，这样你们就可以分散开坐”)”可知年轻女士主动要求交换的是桌子，故填To trade table with us.
58．词义猜测题。根据第四段划线词上文“These are just two of everyday kindnesses I often take for granted (这只是我日常认为理所当然的两种善意)”可知作者认为这些善举被我们认为理所当然，从而忽视它们的存在，所以划线词的含义应为“忽视”，故填Ignored.
59．推理判断题。根据第一段“It was a heartwarming scene and reminded me how easy it can be to make new friends. (这是一个温暖人心的场景，提醒我结交新朋友是多么容易)”、第三段“We politely refused her offer, but her kindness stuck with me for hours after it happened.(我们礼貌地拒绝了她的提议，但事情发生后，她的善意一直伴随着我好几个小时)”以及最后一段“These are just two of everyday kindnesses I often take for granted (这只是我日常认为理所当然的两种善意)”可推理出，作者认为自己不应该把这些善意认为理所当然，故填She shouldn’t have taken everyday kindnesses for granted.
60．细节理解题。根据第一段“At one point in the game, the little guy looked over to my son, and said, “Wanna be my friend?” (在比赛的过程中，小家伙看着我儿子说：“想成为我的朋友吗？”)”以及“my youngest son, with his new buddy, playing games two seats down from where I sat. It was a heartwarming scene (我的小儿子和他的新伙伴在离我坐的地方两个座位的地方玩游戏。这是一个温暖人心的场景)”可知，小孩子之间成为朋友很容易，而且在大人忙碌的时候，他们通过对彼此友好度过了美好的时光，因此文章中第一个故事最能打动我，我的感受是：交朋友并对他人友好是很容易的，故填The first story touched me most. It tells me how easy it is to make friends and be friendly to others.
61．Dear Peter,
I plan to attend the Global Study Tour organized by our school in the coming summer vacation.
The biggest reason why I consider Study Tour is the opportunity to see the world. I will have a better understanding and appreciation for the nation’s people and history. Another reason is for the chance to experience different styles of education. By enrolling in it, I will have the chance to see what I may not have been exposed to at home. In addition, I think it is also the opportunity to improve my spoken English.
I’d appreciate it if you could give me some suggestions.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给美国朋友Peter写封信表达游学目的，并希望得到他的建议，要点包括开阔眼界、体验不同形式的教育以及提高语言能力。
【详解】1.词汇积累
各种不同的：different →various
此外：in addition → what’s more
英语口语：spoken English →oral English
建议：suggestion →advice
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I plan to attend the Global Study Tour organized by our school in the coming summer vacation.
拓展句：I plan to attend the Global Study Tour which is organized by our school in the coming summer vacation.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The biggest reason why I consider Study Tour is the opportunity to see the world.（运用了why引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】By enrolling in it, I will have the chance to see what I may not have been exposed to at home.（运用了what引导的宾语从句）